CN106866316A - A kind of water-soluble soil conditioner - Google Patents
A kind of water-soluble soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN106866316A CN106866316A CN201710201883.6A CN201710201883A CN106866316A CN 106866316 A CN106866316 A CN 106866316A CN 201710201883 A CN201710201883 A CN 201710201883A CN 106866316 A CN106866316 A CN 106866316A
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- soil conditioner
- water
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- soluble
- cadmium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water-soluble soil conditioner, the water-soluble soil conditioner is made up of following component and weight portion：1 30 parts of weathered coal or lignite；5 50 parts of quartz sand；5 20 parts of alkaloid substance；20 80 parts of pure water.Water-soluble soil conditioner is obtained using the above method, can reduce in soil every content, become apparent from for heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing effect, solve the problems, such as heavy metal pollution of soil.Meanwhile, the invention also discloses the preparation method of the water-soluble soil conditioner, its process is simple, processing cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil regulator technical field, specifically, be on a kind of water-soluble soil conditioner and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
Soil is the most basic means of production of the mankind, is material base for the survival of mankind.In China, land resource is not
But it is very limited, and, because of the factors of soil formation or human factor, to cause the soil with obstruction factor also to exist a lot, including
Erosion, bad quality, structure or tilth it is poor, saline and alkaline, acidifying, noxious material pollution, heavy metal pollution, in soil exist hinder plant
The bad soil layer of thing root growth, soil moisture is excessive or not enough, fertility is low or nutrient is unbalance etc..Under normal circumstances,
These dyskinetic soil are difficult with.
Improvement was carried out using soil conditioner showed preferable effect in the last few years.Simultaneously as its heavy metal
Absorption, also has effect well to the improvement of ecological environment.In recent years, as China's soil quality is seriously degenerated, soil conditioning
The effect of agent has also obtained increasing concern, and the research and development of commercialization, scale and systematization is just progressively carried out
Come.
Humic acid (Humic Acids) is the family macromolecule material being widely present in natural environment, is various functional groups
The organic carrier of composition, with good bioactivity, its complex structure, with various active functional group, can be organic with many
Thing, inorganic matter interact, and be combined with each other, be influence agricultural chemicals, fertilizer in soil environment behavior and home to return to it is important because
One of son.
With the high speed development of China's chemical industry, the production of chemical fertilizer and it is continuously increased using quantity, application fertilizer
The development of agricultural production has undoubtedly been served it is important, but with the increase of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, throw fertile cost improve, chemical fertilizer profit
The problems such as being reduced with rate is also gradually reflected.At present, Chinese nitrogenous fertilizer interest rate is 30-50%, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency 10-20%,
Potassium utilization rate is 50-70%, how to improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, has become the research topic that the whole world is paid much attention to.Improve
Chemical fertilizer utilization ratio approach is a lot, and current maximally effective achievement is exactly to be deactivated humic acid using bioactive additive, strengthens it
The chemisms such as chemical combination, absorption, chelating, microbial reproduction and bioactivity effectively improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
Chemical form of the cadmium in soil is more with exchange state cadmium, obligate ADSORPTION STATE cadmium, iron and manganese oxides combination state and remnants
Based on state cadmium.And chemical form of the cadmium in plant is relevant in plant vivo migration capacity of water with cadmium, wherein with ethanol
Bound residue and water-soluble state cadmium migrate activity most by force, and sodium chloride extracts state and takes second place, and it is most weak that acetate and hydrochloride extracts state migratory activity.
Different plants are different to the absorption and accumulation effect of cadmium, generally illustrate certain plant to cadmium with concentration coefficient
Absorption, accumulation capability.Difference is bright between the xylophyta seeds higher but different to the biological accumulation effect of the cadmium in soil
Aobvious, the content of some fern leaf portion cadmiums can be up to 1200mg/kg, be one of most strong plant of cadmium.Wheat, soybean etc. one
A little field crops also easily absorb the cadmium in soil.Additionally, as the non-alimentary crops such as flax, ramie, river fiber crops, cotton, reed also have
There is stronger Cd accumulation to act on.
From the perspective of from macroscopic perspective, cadmium is absorbed by plants rear major part from soil and is enriched in root, moves to top little.Such as
Cadmium is distributed as blade in plant body in the crop of Crassulaceae<Stem<Root system.Distribution of the cadmium in cell, in recent years also some
Person is studied.The heavy metal that just root of report Athyriumyokoscense was absorbed in 1987 has 70%~90% to tire out
Product is on root-tip cells wall.
Cadmium is the non-essential element of plant growth, and when cadmium is into plant and when accumulation reaches to a certain degree, plant is just
Poisoning symptom can be shown, it will usually occur that growth retardation, plant are short and small, it is green to move back, yield decline, Quality Down etc..
Harm of the cadmium to plant includes：(1) cadmium influences growing for plant；(2) cadmium influences the photosynthesis of plant；
(3) enzyme in cadmium influence plant.Cadmium is removed to SOD, beyond the activity of the enzyme such as POD, CAT has an impact, can also suppress azotase, root
It is dehydrogenase, amylase, picodna enzyme, ribalgilase, nitrate reductase, protease, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbic acid mistake
The activity of oxidizing ferment, lactic dehydrogenase etc..Therefore cadmium is to nitrogen metabolism, respiration, carbohydrate metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism etc.
There is inhibition；(4) content of cadmium influence plant soluble protein and soluble sugar.Soluble protein and soluble sugar are dimensions
The important substance of cell metabolism is held, the raising of content of soluble protein can also increase Premeabilisation of cells concentration and functional protein
Quantity, help to maintain normal cell metabolism.For soluble protein, when the concentration of cadmium is more than 0.1mg/L, little Bai
Content of soluble protein starts to be reduced with the increase of the concentration of cadmium in dish root, illustrates that synthesis of the high concentration cadmium to protein rises
Destruction；For field crops such as paddy rice, cadmium pollution significantly suppresses the primary growth of rice seedlings, also significantly reduces
The accumulation of the content and dry of the chlorophyll of rice seedlings, root activity declines, soluble sugar and soluble protein contain
Amount is reduced, thus has influence on the eubolism of rice seedlings；(5) cadmium influences the yield and quality of plant.
Harm of the cadmium to human body includes：(1) cadmium is not element necessary to human body.Neonate's microgram containing cadmium about 1, is being engaged in
In the case of cadmium occupation, 50 years old or so about 30 milligrams of the cadmium amount of man's whole body accumulation of 70 kilograms of body weight.Cadmium be by food,
Water, air, smoking etc. enter human body via alimentary canal and respiratory tract, and the cadmium in liquid can also enter human body by skin.People
The main cadmium taken in by alimentary canal in environment, absorptivity is 5% or so.Although Cadmium Pollution in Soils is not caused directly to human body
Property contact harm, but cadmium in contaminated soil can by food chain into human body causing serious harm to human body；(2)
Cadmium is mainly distributed in liver and kidney after being absorbed by the body, and metalloprotein is combined into low molecular weight protein.Cadmium poisoning is mainly showed
It is the infringement and the damage of lung of renal function, causes cortical necrosis of kidney, tubular injury, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary edema, can also draws
Play cardiac enlargement and hypertension.Long-term intake cadmium will cause osteoporosis, embrittlement, waist disease, deformity of spine.Additionally, cadmium may be used also
Increased with the incidence for causing male reproductive damage, male sex hormone, increased with the rising of exposure level, prostate is special
The incidence of antibody also increases simultaneously.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of water-soluble soil conditioner, to solve asking for heavy metal pollution
Topic.Therefore, the present invention is with weathered coal, lignite as Organic Ingredients, it is inorganic part raw material with quartz sand, potassium hydroxide, production
A kind of water-soluble, alkalescence, the soil conditioner rich in organic matter and silicon, are applied in the soil of heavy metal pollution, to reduce soil
Cadmium content in earth, improves crop yield etc..Second object of the present invention is to provide the water-soluble soil conditioner
Preparation method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of water-soluble soil conditioner, is made up of following component and weight portion：
According to the present invention, the alkaloid substance is at least one in potassium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate etc..
Further, the soil conditioner is pulvis or liquor.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of water-soluble soil conditioner, and it includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) by above-mentioned weight portion, prepare each component, weathered coal or lignite and quartz sand are crushed into 20 mesh sieves standby；
(2) toward pure water is added in reactor, while stirring, it is slowly added to alkaloid substance；
(3) treat that temperature rises to 100 DEG C, add the mixture of weathered coal or lignite and quartz sand, continue to be heated to 170-180
℃；
(4) after being reacted 4 hours in 170-180 DEG C of reactor, 70-80 DEG C is cooled to, then in turn through centrifuge
It is centrifuged, filtered by filter, be concentrated by evaporation, obtains water-soluble soil conditioner.
Further, the alkaloid substance is at least one in potassium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate etc..
Further, the soil conditioner is spray-dried into powder product.
Water-soluble soil conditioner of the invention, is that Organic Ingredients and inorganic raw material quartz sand press one with weathered coal or lignite
Certainty ratio mixes, and under the high temperature conditions, highly basic is added, by weathered coal after extraction or the humic acid in lignite with humic acid salt form
Formula is present, the silicon in quartz sand, exists with silicate pattern, forms two kinds of water solubilitys, alkaline solution, will it is therein it is effective into
Divide and activate into humic acid and silicate with highly basic, the heavy metal that can well adsorb and be passivated in soil, its advantage is specific
It is as follows：
(1) can reduce in soil every content, become apparent from for heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing effect, solve soil weight
The problem of metallic pollution；
(2) can also be heavy metal-passivated while Adsorption of Heavy Metals；
(3) soil organism can be lifted, for crop provides effective silicon nutrition, so as to improve crop yield；
(4) can increase sharply the gas permeability of clay, soil is rapidly reached the effect of fertilizer conservation soil moisture conservation；
(5) water-soluble soil conditioner of the invention can be pulvis, or liquid, flexible and convenient to use.
The preparation method of water-soluble soil conditioner of the invention, its advantage is：With existing soil conditioner phase
Than its production process technology is simple, and production efficiency is high, production cost reduction；In addition, using the water-soluble of method of the present invention acquisition
Property soil conditioner can be sprayed, it is also possible to which, by being spray dried to pulvis product, its is flexible and convenient to use.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, water-soluble soil conditioner of the invention is described further.It should be understood that following
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention not for restriction the scope of the present invention.
The raw material components and weight portion of embodiment 1-10 water solubility soil conditioners are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of the water-soluble soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
(1) by the weight portion of above table, prepare each component, weathered coal or lignite and quartz sand are crushed into 20 mesh sieves standby
With；(2) toward pure water is added in reactor, while stirring, it is slowly added to alkaloid substance；(3) treat that temperature rises to 100 DEG C, add
Weathered coal or lignite and the mixture of quartz sand, continue to be heated to 170-180 DEG C；(4) reacted in 170-180 DEG C of reactor
After 4 hours, 70-80 DEG C is cooled to, then in turn through centrifuge, by filter filtering, evaporation and concentration, obtained water-soluble
Property soil conditioner.Wherein, the alkaloid substance is at least one in potassium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate etc..
The experiment of embodiment 11 prepares
Test period：In June, 2014-2014 year November
Test site：Jiading District agricultural technology extension multi-center trial base testing site
For examination soil：Moisture soil, physical features is flat, and preferably, soil fertility is medium for irrigation condition.Before fertilising, to experimental field taking 0-
30cm soil layer soil samples analyze its organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium equal size.Through data system of being done experiment to soil content
Meter, the soil regime before being tested is specific as shown in table 2.
Soil analysis result table before the experiment of table 2
Embodiment 12
It is paddy rice (late rice, rich two excellent No. 1) that the confession of the present embodiment studies thing.The soil conditioner of embodiment 1-10 is tested
Group, humic acid silicon fertilizer control group (method according to Chinese patent literature CN101215201A is prepared), clear water control group should
For in rice crop, observing the yield of crop, every (Cd) content etc..
1st, rice plant of tillering stage, fertilizer applications were as follows：
(1) soil conditioner experimental group：1000 grams/acre+conventional fertilizer application；
(2) humic acid silicon fertilizer control group：1000 grams/acre+conventional fertilizer application；
(3) clear water control group：1000 grams/acre of conventional fertilizer application+spray clear water.
2nd, Rise's boot period fertilizer applications are as follows：
(1) soil conditioner experimental group：1000 grams/acre+conventional fertilizer application.
3rd, the method for conventional fertilizer application is：Per the composite fertilizer 30kg of Mu Jishi 45%.
4th, field design
(1) plot area 50m2, each treatment sets 3 repetitions, and random alignment, cell carries out mark.
(2) paddy rice is manually planted, and mu plants 1.7 ten thousand caves, Basic Seedling 80,000；Other field management measures are consistent.
5th, influence of the observation different disposal to rice yield, it is specific as shown in table 3.
Influence of the different disposal of table 3 to rice yield
Result shows：
(1) compared with clear water control group, boot stage and tillering stage spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and can effectively facilitate the life of paddy rice
Development long, improves the tillering ability of paddy rice, increases mu mature spike number, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization, effectively improves setting percentage, grain number per spike and thousand
Grain weight, so that rice yield is improved, wherein:Tillering stage spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and is respectively 8.2% compared with the volume increase of clear water control group,
6.8%, 9.8%, 12.8%, 15.1%, 11.1%, 13.2%, 12.3%, 13.8%, 13.3%；Boot stage spreads fertilizer over the fields soil tune
Reason agent compared with clear water control group volume increase be respectively 8.0%, 6.6%, 9.5%, 12.5%, 14.7%, 11.0%, 12.9%,
12.2%th, 13.4%, 13.1%.
(2) compared with humic acid silicon fertilizer control group, tillering stage spreads fertilizer over the fields the effect of increasing production of the soil conditioner of embodiment 1-10
It is high compared with humic acid silicon fertilizer control group.
(3) soil conditioner of equal component and weight portion, tillering stage fertilising effect than the effect spread fertilizer over the fields in boot stage
More preferably, structure of output makes moderate progress fruit.
6th, influence of the observation different disposal to paddy rice Cd contents, it is specific as shown in table 4.
Influence of the different disposal of table 4 to the Cd contents of paddy rice
Unit：mg/kg
Result shows：
(1) tillering stage spreads fertilizer over the fields the soil conditioner for spreading fertilizer over the fields embodiment 1-10 with boot stage can reduce the Cd contents of rice,
Tillering stage spreads fertilizer over the fields the soil conditioner of embodiment 1-10 compared with clear water control group, and the Cd contents of rice decline 28.6% respectively,
26.2%, 28.6%, 38.1%, 64.3%, 31.0%, 35.7%, 35.7%, 59.5%, 45.2%；
(2) tillering stage spread fertilizer over the fields humic acid silicon fertilizer control group, the Cd contents of rice decline 14.3%；Tillering stage spreads fertilizer over the fields embodiment
The Cd contents of the rice of the soil regulator of 1-10 decline bigger than humic acid silicon fertilizer control group fall.Therefore, general
Heavy metal pollution region, can reduce the Cd contents of rice substantially by spreading fertilizer over the fields the product.
(3) soil conditioner of equal component and weight portion, tillering stage fertilising effect than the effect spread fertilizer over the fields in boot stage
Fruit is more preferably.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of water-soluble soil conditioner, it is characterised in that the water-soluble soil conditioner is by following component and weight portion
Composition：
2. soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the alkaloid substance is potassium hydroxide, NaOH, carbon
At least one in sour potassium, sodium carbonate.
3. a kind of water-soluble soil conditioner, it is characterised in that the soil conditioner is pulvis or liquor.
4. a kind of preparation method of water-soluble soil conditioner, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) weight portion as described in claim 1, prepares each component, and weathered coal or lignite and quartz sand were crushed into 20 mesh sieves
It is standby；
(2) toward pure water is added in reactor, while stirring, it is slowly added to alkaloid substance；
(3) treat that temperature rises to 100 DEG C, add the mixture of weathered coal or lignite and quartz sand, continue to be heated to 170-180 DEG C；
(4) after reaction 4 hours, be cooled to 70-80 DEG C in 170-180 DEG C of the reactor, then in turn through centrifuge,
By filter filtering, it is concentrated by evaporation, obtains water-soluble soil conditioner.
5. soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the alkaloid substance is potassium hydroxide, NaOH, carbon
Sour sodium and/or potassium carbonate.
6. soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the soil conditioner is spray-dried to be produced into pulvis
Product.
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| CN201710201883.6A CN106866316A (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2017-03-30 | A kind of water-soluble soil conditioner |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108610213A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-02 | 上海盛坤生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of high-carbon biological soil amendment and its preparation method and application |
| CN108865315A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州省望谟楷模农业开发有限公司 | A kind of pig manure biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110194682A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-03 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | A kind of process of preparing of water-soluble solid siliceous fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20170620 |