CN105272755B - Tobacco growing special complex fertilizer - Google Patents
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- CN105272755B CN105272755B CN201510755298.1A CN201510755298A CN105272755B CN 105272755 B CN105272755 B CN 105272755B CN 201510755298 A CN201510755298 A CN 201510755298A CN 105272755 B CN105272755 B CN 105272755B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer, raw material includes organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, soil conditioner and Chinese medicinal powder.It can reduce amount of application of the chemicals in tobacco leaf production, improve quality and safety, prevent and treat anthracnose of tobacco, improve and have very important significance to the sustainable development for promoting tobacco leaf production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field more particularly to tobacco growing special complex fertilizers.
Background technique
Tobacco is a kind of higher extraordinary leaf of economic value with industrial crops, and tobacco planting industry accounts in Chinese national economy
There is consequence, in some areas using as most important industrial crops.Requirement due to tobacco to quality is far longer than pair
The requirement of yield, and with China joined WTO, seem increasingly important to the research for how improving Flue-cured tobacco Quality.And High Quality Tobacco
Growth has more strict requirements to soil types and its property.With the improvement of people's living and consumption levels, to high-quality, high
The demand of shelves cigarette increasingly increases, and how to improve yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality is always one of main research of tobacco business.
In recent years, for tobacco field pest and disease damage and cigarette strain growth aspect it the considerations of, has not been advocated generally in this season of tobacco
The application of machine fertilizer, the fertilising of tobacco is based on inorganic states nutrient.Tobacco field application formula chemical fertilizer increases significantly, and organic fertilizer application and returns
It is also greatly reduced, the method that this predatoriness uses soil reduces soil organic matter content, soil hardening, fertilizer utilization
Rate is relatively low, the production performance decline in bioactivity and arable land.Since soil multiple crop index is high, soil total quality is degenerated seriously,
The content of organic matter reduces, and soil physical and chemical property, which deteriorates, has become the reality of China's tobacco-growing soil, and seriously threaten tobacco can
Sustainable development.Secondly, the single chemical fertilizer of chronic administration, causes various microelements in soil to consume excessively, furthermore, single fertilizer
The application of material also causes utilization rate of fertilizer, the reduction of contribution to yield rate, and causes certain environmental pollution.
Organic fertilizer type is more, and nutrient is comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting, not only contains a great number of elements, microelement necessary to plant,
Organic nutrient also rich in.Organic fertilizer can not only improve flue-cured tobacco to the nutritional need of microelement, moreover it is possible to promote a large amount of members
The Balance Absorption of element, coordinates nutritional ingredient more, tobacco leaf chemical composition can be made to coordinate, and interior quality improves, and biological organic
It is fertile then have and increase soil fertility, improve edaphon environment, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, enhancing cigarette strain disease resistance etc. is excellent
Point studies its promotion and application on tobacco, meets the developing direction of nuisanceless leaf tobacco production.
From tobacco leaf production sustainable development to the protection needs in arable land, by rich in organic matter, humic acid, amino
The active organic fertilizer of acids and mineral nutrient fertilizer are reasonably combined, from the organic nutrient of fertilising means supplement tobacco-growing soil, mention
High Variation of Integrated Soil Fertility promotes cigarette strain to the Balance Absorption of mineral nutrition, improves tobacco plant nutrition and soil physico-chemical property, improves cigarette
Leaf quality and utilization rate of fertilizer increase fertilising benefit, achieve the purpose that sustainable development of leaf tobacco production.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of tobacco growing special complex fertilizers, can reduce chemistry
Amount of application of the product in tobacco leaf production improves quality and safety, prevents and treats anthracnose of tobacco, and raising can to promotion tobacco leaf production
Sustainable development has very important significance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer, raw material includes
Machine fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, soil conditioner and Chinese medicinal powder.
Wherein, the inorganic fertilizer part includes urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Wherein, the organic fertilizer part includes dregs of beans, humic acid, swine excrement, corn stover, swelling agent, wheat bran, EM hair
Yeast-like fungi agent.
The weight of each raw material is respectively 30 parts by weight of dregs of beans~40 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of humic acid in the compound fertilizer
~10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of swine excrement~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of corn stover~40 parts by weight, 0.5 weight of swelling agent
Part~2 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran~35 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight of EM fermenting agent~0.1 parts by weight, 15 weight of urea
Part~25 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate~20 parts by weight and potassium sulfate 5 parts by weight~10 parts by weight, soil texture change
Good dose of 0.5 parts by weight~1 parts by weight and Chinese medicinal powder 2 parts by weight~5 parts by weight.
Wherein, soil conditioner is specially high molecular polymer β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer.
Wherein, the Chinese medicinal powder is by mysorethorn, river paddy root, Companumoea root, sargentodoxa cuneata, frutus cnidii, safflower, Cortex Phellodendri and soil Fu
Siberian cocklebur is prepared.
Wherein, the parts by weight of each raw material are respectively 30 parts by weight of mysorethorn~40 parts by weight, river paddy root in the Chinese medicinal powder
25 parts by weight~35 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of Companumoea root~25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of sargentodoxa cuneata~30 parts by weight, frutus cnidii 25
Parts by weight~35 parts by weight, 10 weight of 15 parts by weight of safflower~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of Cortex Phellodendri~40 parts by weight and smilax
Part~20 parts by weight.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned tobacco growing special complex fertilizer comprising:
The first step, the fermentation of organic fertilizer；
Second step, the preparation of Chinese medicinal powder；
Third step prepares soil conditioner；
Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are uniformly mixed by the 4th step, obtain inorganic fertilizer mixture；
5th step, the organic fertilizer fermentation product of the first step, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material medicinal powder that second step obtains, third step obtain
Soil conditioner and the 4th step obtain inorganic fertilizer mixture be mixed evenly after be sent into dry type extruding make
Package granulation is carried out in grain machine, obtains composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle of the 5th step is dried in 6th step, 35~40 DEG C of drying temperature, dry
Time is 18~20h, is packed after cooling.
Wherein, the first step is further specially and uniformly smashs swine excrement to pieces, and moisture regulation is 55%~65%；Particle
Diameter is advisable with 0.5~1cm, and above-mentioned swine excrement is mixed into swelling agent, is placed into bulking machine, controls 200 DEG C of temperature, and pressure is
10kg/cm2, expanding treatment is carried out, faecal pellet is made；Faecal pellet is pulverized and sieved with pulverizer, takes the extruding of diameter < 1.0mm thin
Above-mentioned extruding fine powder, dregs of beans, corn stover, wheat bran, humic acid, EM fermenting agent are stirred to be formed together and ferment by powder
Material is transported to fermentation vat after being uniformly mixed, material heap is 1 meter high in fermentation vat, and surface is covered with the thermal insulation material of gas permeability,
For fermentation temperature Discrete control at 30~35 DEG C, fermentation time is 8~10 days, and pH control is 5~6.5 in fermentation process, before taking off film
PH4.5~4.7 are down to, stablize the ventilatory capacity during fermentation, after two-stage fermentation；Reactor startup dries fermented- material
Dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 90 DEG C when drying；Obtain the fermentation materials that moisture content is 10%~12% by weight percentage
Afterwards, it then crushes to obtain powdered organic fertilizer ingredient.
Wherein, the β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer preparation method is specially methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) sulphur
Generation) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone use according to the ratio of molar ratio 0.6:0.4, put into the reaction vessel relative to methyl 3-((2-
Ethoxy) thio) 3 times of the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass of diphenyl ether, then by methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) sulphur
Generation) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone successively put into reaction vessel according to molar ratio, methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) sulphur is accounted in addition
Generation) the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass 8% (mass percent) candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), control
Under the reduced pressure of 350mbar 90 DEG C at a temperature of stir 70h, reduced pressure is controlled by vacuum pump, following reaction chlorine
Imitative that termination is quenched, enzyme is removed by filtration, and filtered filtrate concentration removal hexichol ether solvents further wash away residue with hexane
Hexichol ether solvents, is constituted using hexane and chloroform according to volume ratio 50:50 mixed solvent precipitating 3 times of product, then true
The lower drying of sky.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Tobacco growing special complex fertilizer provided by the invention can reduce application of the chemicals in tobacco leaf production
Amount improves quality and safety, prevents and treats anthracnose of tobacco, improves extremely important to promoting the sustainable development of tobacco leaf production to have
Meaning.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer, raw material includes organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, soil
Texture modifier and Chinese medicinal powder.
Further preferably, the tobacco growing special complex fertilizer is only prepared by above-mentioned raw materials.
The inorganic fertilizer part includes urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Further preferably, the inorganic fertilizer part is only made of these three ingredients.
The organic fertilizer part includes dregs of beans, humic acid, swine excrement, corn stover, swelling agent, wheat bran, EM zymophyte
Agent.
Further preferably, the organic fertilizer part is only prepared by above-mentioned raw materials.
The weight of each raw material is respectively 30 parts by weight of dregs of beans~40 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of humic acid in the compound fertilizer
~10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of swine excrement~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of corn stover~40 parts by weight, 0.5 weight of swelling agent
Part~2 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran~35 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight of EM fermenting agent~0.1 parts by weight, 15 weight of urea
Part~25 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate~20 parts by weight and potassium sulfate 5 parts by weight~10 parts by weight, soil texture change
Good dose of 0.5 parts by weight~1 parts by weight and Chinese medicinal powder 2 parts by weight~5 parts by weight.
Further preferably, the parts by weight of each raw material are respectively 35 parts by weight of dregs of beans, 8 weight of humic acid in the compound fertilizer
Part, 20 parts by weight of swine excrement, 35 parts by weight of corn stover, 1 parts by weight of swelling agent, 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0.1 weight of EM fermenting agent
Measure part, 8 parts by weight of 20 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts by weight of soil conditioner and
3 parts by weight of Chinese medicinal powder.
The nitrogen provided in inorganic fertilizer is the most important element for influencing cigarette strain growth and development and quality of tobacco.Nitrogen
Deficiency will lead to cigarette strain slow growth, and strain stem is short and small, and pitch is short, and blade is small, and unit leaf area weight is low, protein, nucleic acid, phosphorus
The biosynthesis block of the substances such as rouge, leaf area reduces, leaf color is turned to be yellow.Inferior leads seemingly burn shape in light brown when serious nitrogen stress, and by
It is gradually withered and dead.Modulated blade is thin and light, low output, and tobacco leaf color is light or grey, smooth and lack ideal knot of tissue
Structure.When nitrogen is excessive, blade is big and dark green, crisp and easily broken, cigarette strain excessive growth.Amount of nitrogen is excessive, often will lead to cigarette strain over growth,
Nitrogen metabolism is excessively prosperous, delay of maturation, and forms " black sudden and violent cigarette ".Tobacco growing compares tricky time in the early period of breeding time to phosphorus element.
The nitrogen nutrition that cigarette strain absorbs needs the participation of phosphorus during synthesizing amino acid and protein, when intracorporal phosphorus element lacks
Inhibiting effect can be synthetically produced to protein, cause growth retardation.Potassium can be recycled in plant, roasting
It is widely distributed and uniform in cigarette plant body.Result of study shows the increase with applied amount, and the average plant height of flue-cured tobacco cigarette strain increases
Add, stem girth thickening, leaf area have different degrees of increase.
Applying corn stover in the soil and capable of playing promotes chemical component to coordinate, and improves tobacco aroma quality and perfume quantity
Effect improves middle and upper part tobacco quality.
Humic acid can play the role of improveing tobacco-growing soil ecological environment, increase tobacco leaf dry-matter accumulation, be conducive into
The fast degradation and tobacco leaf maturation of ripe phase chlorophyll fall Huang.
Soil conditioner is specially high molecular polymer β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer, present invention discover that should
High molecular polymer can reunite grogs, and the substances such as cellulose, lignin, polyvalent carboxylic class are extracted from organic fertilizer, are passed through
Between the functional group molecule of its band and dispersion soil particle with winding, wrap up, run through, adsorb or even formed chemical bond etc. just
Formula creation and stable water-stable granular structure, are improving soil physics fertility, improve soil fertilizer, water-retaining property, reduce soil
Bulk density increases total porosity, improves soil water storage water holding capacity, especially plays a significant role in terms of inhibiting soil erosion, together
When, the non-available nutrient for being difficult to be applied absorption in soil constantly can be decomposed into the available nutrient easily absorbed, Jin Ergeng
Good promotion tobacco preferably grows.
It denitrogenates, outside phosphorus, three element of potassium, tobacco absorbs some other element such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, iron, manganese, copper, zinc etc.
Measure it is less, but they be cigarette strain growth and yield of tobacco, the essential nutrient of quality responses.Lack these elements
When, cigarette strain is unable to normal growth, slightly excessively, then can generate harm.
And a large amount of microelement is rich in Chinese herbal medicine, the past to the research of the active material of Chinese medicine mainly bias toward it is organic at
Point, and inorganic constituents is had ignored, in recent years, with the development of bioinorganic chemistry and the application of modern science and technology means, people
Have more and more deep understanding to inorganic microelement in Chinese medicine, and conduct extensive research.The present invention is by Chinese herbal medicine
Ingredient is added in compound fertilizer, and by meticulous screening, the Chinese herbal medicine of acquisition provides the micro of indispensability for tobacco growing
Element.In addition, Chinese herbal medicine provided by the invention is when providing microelement abundant, moreover it is possible to play good insecticidal effect, mention
High disease-resistant crops deinsectization sterilizing ability.
The Chinese medicinal powder is by mysorethorn, river paddy root, Companumoea root, sargentodoxa cuneata, frutus cnidii, safflower, Cortex Phellodendri and smilax system
It is standby to form.The Chinese medicinal powder provides microelement abundant by selected eight kinds of Chinese medicine materials for tobacco growing, meanwhile, cloud
Reality, river paddy root, sargentodoxa cuneata, frutus cnidii have effects that good desinsection degerming, especially prevention and treatment anthracnose of tobacco, are tobacco growing
Play good disease-resistant deinsectization sterilizing ability.
The parts by weight of each raw material are respectively 30 parts by weight of mysorethorn~40 parts by weight, 25 weight of river paddy root in the Chinese medicinal powder
Part~35 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of Companumoea root~25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of sargentodoxa cuneata~30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight of frutus cnidii
~35 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight~20 of 15 parts by weight of safflower~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of Cortex Phellodendri~40 parts by weight and smilax
Parts by weight.
Further preferably, the parts by weight of each raw material are respectively 35 parts by weight of mysorethorn, 30 weight of river paddy root in the Chinese medicinal powder
Measure part, 20 parts by weight of Companumoea root, 25 parts by weight of sargentodoxa cuneata, 30 parts by weight of frutus cnidii, 20 parts by weight of safflower, 35 parts by weight of Cortex Phellodendri and
15 parts by weight of smilax.
Mysorethorn: for the seed of pulse family Caesalpinia mysorethorn, acrid flavour is warm-natured, has the effect of stop dysentery, eliminating the phlegm, desinsection, main
Control dysentery, chronic bronchitis, infantile malnutrition, the card such as malnutrition due to parasitic infestation.
River paddy root: for the root and rhizome of grass family coix lacryma-jobi platymiscium Chuan Gu, sweet in flavor, light, cold nature, returns spleen, bladder meridian, tool
There is the effect of clearing heat and cooling blood, promoting diuresis for stranguria, disperse accumulation desinsection, cures mainly heat gonorrhea, blood strangury, cream drenches, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis leukorrhagia, oedema, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen,
The card such as roundworm disease.
Companumoea root: latin name radix campanumoea javanicae is Campanulaceae leopard platymiscium great Hua money
The root of leopard and leopard, sweet in flavor, mild-natured, return lung, the spleen channel have strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi, tonifying the lung to relieve cough, and effect of lower cream cures mainly labor void
Internal injury, deficiency of vital energy and acking in strength, palpitaition, hidrosis, splenasthenic diarrhea, leukorrhea, milk is rare, the card such as spleen deficiency cough.
Sargentodoxa cuneata: bitter, it is mild-natured, return liver, large intestine channel, there is Toxin-Vanquishing to disappear carbuncle, promoting blood circulation and removing obstruction in channels, the effect of wind dispelling insecticide is main
Control acute and chronic ecphyaditis, rheumatic arthralgia, dysentery with bloody stool, blood strangury, irregular menstruation, infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites, worm pain, the card such as injury from falling down.
Frutus cnidii: latin name cnidii fructus, acrid flavour, hardship are warm-natured, enter kidney channel, and there is warming kidney and enhancing body, eliminating dampness to kill
Worm, dispelling wind and arresting itching effect, for impotence in male, woman's uterus cold infertile caused by decline of kidney-YANG, morbid leucorrhoea duye or waist and knee crymodynia
Deng card.
Safflower: latin name Carthami Flos, warm-natured, acrid flavour enter, the heart, Liver Channel, with promoting blood circulation, dredging channels, removing blood stasis and relieving pain
Effect is used for amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhea, lochia, abdominal mass lump in the abdomen, injury from falling down, the card such as sore swell and ache curative.
Cortex Phellodendri: latin name Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, bitter is cold in nature, enters kidney, bladder, large intestine channel,
Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging fire for removing toxin remove hectic fever due to yin clearind deficient heat.For damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, leukorrhagia, heat gonorrhea, tinea pedis, impotence warded off, hectic fever due to yin labor
Heat, night sweat, spermatorrhea, sore swollen toxin, the card such as eczema itch.
Smilax: sweet in flavor, light, mild-natured, Liver Channel；Stomach meridian；The spleen channel has the effect of removing toxic substances, dehumidifying, sharp joint, cures mainly plum
Limbs muscular constricture, arthralgia and myalgia etc. caused by poison, stranguria with turbid discharge, muscles and bones contraction pain, tinea pedis, malignant boil treatment sore, carbuncle swells, scrofula, syphilis and mercury poisoning
Card.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned tobacco growing special complex fertilizer comprising:
The first step, the fermentation of organic fertilizer；
Second step, the preparation of Chinese medicinal powder；
Third step prepares soil conditioner；
Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are uniformly mixed by the 4th step, obtain inorganic fertilizer mixture；
5th step, the organic fertilizer fermentation product of the first step, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material medicinal powder that second step obtains, third step obtain
Soil conditioner and the 4th step obtain inorganic fertilizer mixture be mixed evenly after be sent into dry type extruding make
Package granulation is carried out in grain machine, obtains composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle of the 5th step is dried in 6th step, 35~40 DEG C of drying temperature, dry
Time is 18~20h, is packed after cooling.
The first step is further specially uniformly to smash swine excrement to pieces, and moisture regulation is 55%~65%；Particle diameter
It is advisable with 0.5~1cm, above-mentioned swine excrement is mixed into swelling agent, is placed into bulking machine, control 200 DEG C of temperature, pressure is
10kg/cm2, expanding treatment is carried out, faecal pellet is made；Faecal pellet is pulverized and sieved with pulverizer, takes the extruding of diameter < 1.0mm thin
Above-mentioned extruding fine powder, dregs of beans, corn stover, wheat bran, humic acid, EM fermenting agent are stirred to be formed together and ferment by powder
Material is transported to fermentation vat after being uniformly mixed, material heap is 1 meter high in fermentation vat, and surface is covered with the thermal insulation material of gas permeability,
For fermentation temperature Discrete control at 30~35 DEG C, fermentation time is 8~10 days, and pH control is 5~6.5 in fermentation process, before taking off film
PH4.5~4.7 are down to, stablize the ventilatory capacity during fermentation, after two-stage fermentation；Reactor startup dries fermented- material
Dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 90 DEG C when drying；Obtain the fermentation materials that moisture content is 10%~12% by weight percentage
Afterwards, it then crushes to obtain powdered organic fertilizer ingredient.
The β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer structure are as follows:
X and y is the number of repetitive unit in main chain, x+y=1, preferably x=0.6, y=0.4 respectively
The β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer preparation method is specially methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid
It uses, puts into the reaction vessel relative to methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) according to the ratio of molar ratio 0.6:0.4 with 6-caprolactone
It is thio) 3 times of the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass of diphenyl ether, then by methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and
6-caprolactone is successively put into reaction vessel according to molar ratio, accounts for methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and ε-in addition
The candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) of caprolactone monomer quality sum 8% (mass percent) is controlled 350mbar's
Under reduced pressure 90 DEG C at a temperature of stir 70h, reduced pressure is controlled by vacuum pump, and termination is quenched with chloroform in following reaction,
Enzyme is removed by filtration, and it is molten further to wash away remaining diphenyl ether with hexane for filtered filtrate concentration removal hexichol ether solvents
Agent, product are precipitated 3 times according to the mixed solvent that volume ratio 50:50 is constituted using hexane and chloroform, are then dried under vacuum.
In the second step Chinese medicinal powder be by the way that above-mentioned each raw material Chinese medicine is ground into fine powder respectively, mix and
It is formed.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of preferred embodiments, whereby to the present invention how applied technology method
Technical problem is solved, and the realization process for reaching technical effect can fully understand and implement.
1 β of embodiment-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer
12mol methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and 8mol 6-caprolactone are weighed, puts into phase in the reaction vessel
For 3 times of the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass of diphenyl ether of methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio), then by methyl 3-
((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone are successively put into reaction vessel, account for methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) in addition
It is thio) candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) Novi of the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass 8% (mass percent)
Believe -435 lipase (purchase of Hangzhou Chuan Ke Biotechnology Co., Ltd), control is under the reduced pressure of 350mbar at 90 DEG C
At a temperature of stir 70h, reduced pressure is controlled by vacuum pump, and termination is quenched with chloroform in following reaction, and enzyme is removed by filtration, filtering
Filtrate concentration removal hexichol ether solvents afterwards, further wash away remaining hexichol ether solvents with hexane, product uses hexane and chlorine
The imitative mixed solvent constituted according to volume ratio 50:50 precipitates 3 times, is then dried under vacuum.
The quantity measured by gel permeation chromatography (Gel Permeation Chromatography, GPC) is average
Molecular weight (Mn) is 37,000 (using polystyrene as standard), and Mw/Mn is 1.56 (using polystyrene as standard).
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3), δ 1.38-1.41 (m, CH2CH2CH2O), 1.61-1.70 (m, CH2CH2CH2O,
CH2CH2CO),2.29-2.36(m,CH2CO),2.60-2.67(m,SCH2CH2CO),2.75-2.80(m,SCH2CH2O),2.81-
2.86 (m, SCH2CH2CO),4.05-4.12(m,CH2O),4.21-4.28(m,SCH2CH2O)。
2 herb powder of embodiment
By mysorethorn 35g, river paddy root 30g, Companumoea root 20g, sargentodoxa cuneata 25g, frutus cnidii 30g, safflower 20g, Cortex Phellodendri 35g and soil
Poria cocos 15g is separately dried, and is ground into powder, is mixed, and herb powder is prepared.
3 organic fertilizer ingredient 1 of embodiment
Swine excrement 2kg is uniformly smashed to pieces, moisture regulation is 60%；Particle diameter is advisable with 1cm, and above-mentioned swine excrement is mixed into
Swelling agent sodium bicarbonate 100g, places into bulking machine, controls 200 DEG C of temperature, pressure 10kg/cm2, expanding treatment is carried out,
Faecal pellet is made；Faecal pellet is pulverized and sieved with pulverizer, takes the extruding fine powder of diameter < 1.0mm, by above-mentioned extruding fine powder, dregs of beans
3.5kg, corn stover 3.5kg, wheat bran 3kg, humic acid 0.8kg, EM fermenting agent 10g are stirred and form fermentation material together
Material, is transported to fermentation vat after being uniformly mixed, material heap is 1 meter high in fermentation vat, and surface is covered with the thermal insulation material of gas permeability, hair
For the control of ferment temperature section at 30 DEG C, fermentation time is 10 days, and pH control is down to pH4.5 before taking off film 6 in fermentation process, stablizes
Ventilatory capacity during fermentation, after two-stage fermentation；Reactor startup dries fermented- material, and temperature of charge is not high when drying
In 90 DEG C；After obtaining the fermentation materials that moisture content is 10% by weight percentage, then crush to obtain powdered organic fertilizer
Expect ingredient.
4 compound fertilizer 1 of embodiment
The herb powder 300g of β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer 50g, the preparation of embodiment 2 prepared by Example 1,
After organic fertilizer 1, urea 2kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.8kg prepared by embodiment 3 is mixed evenly
It is sent into dry type Squeezinggranulator and carries out package granulation, obtain composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle, be then dried, it is dry
35~40 DEG C of temperature, drying time is 18~20h, is packed after cooling.
1 compound fertilizer 2 of comparative example
The herb powder 300g of the preparation of Example 2, the organic fertilizer 1 of the preparation of embodiment 3, urea 2kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.8kg is sent into dry type Squeezinggranulator after being mixed evenly and carries out package granulation, obtains organic
Inorganic composite fertilizer particle, is then dried, and 35~40 DEG C of drying temperature, drying time is 18~20h, fills after cooling
Bag.
2 compound fertilizer 3 of comparative example
Organic fertilizer 1, the urea of β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer 50g, the preparation of embodiment 3 prepared by Example 1
2kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.8kg are sent into dry type Squeezinggranulator after being mixed evenly and are wrapped
Granulation is wrapped up in, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle is obtained, is then dried, 35~40 DEG C of drying temperature, drying time 18
~20h is packed after cooling.
3 inorganic composite fertilizer of comparative example
Urea 2kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.8kg are mixed, and form inorganic composite fertilizer.
Verification test
1, experimental design
Field trial sets 4 processing:
A group: base fertilizer, top dressing are compound fertilizer prepared by embodiment 4；B group: base fertilizer, top dressing are prepared by comparative example 1
Compound fertilizer 2；C group: base fertilizer, top dressing are compound fertilizer 3 prepared by comparative example 2；D group: base fertilizer, top dressing are that comparative example 3 is made
Standby inorganic composite fertilizer.Every group sets 4 repetitions at random, totally 16 cells, and each cell plants 50 plants of cigarette, distance between rows and hills be 1.2m ×
0.55m。
2, rate of fertilizer and method of administration
Dose is 100kg/667m2, base fertilizer applies using cutting positioning is deep, and base fertilizer, top dressing is 50% application, and top dressing is adopted
It is applied (at cigarette strain 20cm) with two sides cave.
3, practice ground
Experimental field it is yellowish soil, does not plant tobacco leaf, transplanting on May 19th, 2014 upper 3 year.It is yellowish-brown for testing soil
Earth, physicochemical character are as follows: organic matter 21.90g/kg, full nitrogen 1.61g/kg, full phosphorus 9.35g/kg, full potassium 6.98g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
90.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 11.68mg/kg, available potassium 222.86mg/kg, pH value 7.03.
4, flue-cured tobacco cultivars
Hongda tobacco
5, measurement item and method are tested
5.1 tobacco leaves grow economical character: each cell investigates 20 plants, measures its height, the number of blade and upper 6 leaf functional leaf
Area is averaged.
5.2 yield of tobacco, performance analysis: by 3~5 professional tobacco leaf gradings teacher according to national grade scale to modulated
Tobacco leaf is classified, and is calculated the output value according to yield and classification.
5.3 former cigarette chemical composition analysis: measurement total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, Cl-、K
Content.The AA3 type Flow Analyzer manufactured using German BRAN+LUEBBE company, respectively according to YC/T159-
2002, YC/T160-2002, YC/159-2002, YC161-2002, YC/217-2007, YC/T162-2002 method measure tobacco leaf
Middle total reducing sugar, nicotine, reduced sugar, total nitrogen, potassium, chloride ion content.
As a result
Influence of the different fertilization to economical character
Influence to plant height, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 average plant height (cm) after transplanting
| Group | 36d after transplanting | 72d after transplanting |
| A group | 67.39 | 259.82 |
| B group | 53.39 | 219.29 |
| C group | 58.60 | 238.51 |
| D group | 36.17 | 177.60 |
As it can be seen from table 1 to be shown using the plant height of the tobacco leaf of compound fertilizer provided by the invention cultivation in 36d and 72d
The plant height being higher than only with inorganic fertilizer is write, and the effect for adding Chinese medicinal powder and soil conditioner provided by the invention simultaneously is wanted
It is better than and only adds one kind.
Influence to the number of blade, the results are shown in Table 2.
Influence (piece) of the table 2 to the number of blade
| Group | 36d after transplanting | 72d after transplanting |
| A group | 16.15 | 32.28 |
| B group | 14.26 | 26.33 |
| C group | 13.50 | 25.23 |
| D group | 9.35 | 18.11 |
From table 2 it can be seen that using compound fertilizer provided by the invention cultivation tobacco leaf number after transplanting 36d and
It is significantly higher than the tobacco leaf number only with inorganic fertilizer in 72d.
Influence to blade area, the results are shown in Table 3.
Influence (cm of the table 3 to blade area2)
| Group | 36d after transplanting | 72d after transplanting |
| A group | 1235.30 | 2738.26 |
| B group | 1159.61 | 2503.40 |
| C group | 1103.78 | 2598.18 |
| D group | 1006.19 | 2007.21 |
From table 3 it can be seen that using compound fertilizer provided by the invention cultivation tobacco leaf area after transplanting 36d and
It is significantly higher than the tobacco leaf area only with inorganic fertilizer in 72d, and only the compound fertilizer group containing Chinese medicinal powder relatively contains only
Tobacco leaf area can more be increased by having the compound fertilizer group of soil conditioner.
Influence of the different fertilization to yield of tobacco and the output value, the results are shown in Table 4.
Influence of 4 different fertilization of table to yield of tobacco
| Group | Yield (kg/667m2) | Than no unit (± %) |
| A group | 197.68 | 23.25 |
| B group | 182.90 | 14.03 |
| C group | 177.65 | 10.76 |
| D group | 160.39 | - |
From table 4, it can be seen that being significantly higher than using the yield of tobacco that compound fertilizer provided by the invention is cultivated only with nothing
The yield of tobacco of machine fertilizer, and the only more only compound fertilizer group energy containing soil conditioner of the compound fertilizer group containing Chinese medicinal powder
It is more to increase yield.
Influence of the different fertilization to tobacco leaf chemical composition, the results are shown in Table 5.
Influence of 5 different fertilization of table to tobacco leaf chemical composition
| Group | Total reducing sugar (%) | Reduced sugar (%) | Nicotine (%) | Chlorine (%) | Potassium (%) | Chlorine potassium ratio |
| A group | 30.93 | 26.08 | 2.50 | 0.45 | 1.93 | 4.29 |
| B group | 29.98 | 25.75 | 2.62 | 0.43 | 1.99 | 4.63 |
| C group | 26.85 | 22.09 | 2.87 | 0.28 | 1.53 | 5.46 |
| D group | 26.37 | 21.33 | 2.91 | 0.17 | 1.27 | 7.47 |
As can be seen from Table 5, the compound fertilizer using the present invention containing Chinese medicinal powder can increase cured tobacco leaf total reducing sugar, go back
The content of raw sugar and potassium reduces the content of nicotine, makes potassium chlorine ratio more towards coordination, so as to improve the interior quality of tobacco leaf.
The disease incidence of tobacco leaf anthracnose of tobacco, the results are shown in Table 6.
The disease incidence of 6 tobacco leaf anthracnose of tobacco of table
| Group | Anthracnose of tobacco disease incidence (%) |
| A group | 8.2% |
| B group | 8.5% |
| C group | 21.3% |
| D group | 21.6% |
As can be seen from Table 6, the Chinese medicinal powder that the special raw material of the present invention is prepared can preferably reduce tobacco charcoal
The disease incidence of subcutaneous ulcer disease has effects that good desinsection degerming.
All above-mentioned this intellectual properties of primarily implementation, there is no this new products of implementation of setting limitation other forms
And/or new method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, above content modification, to realize similar execution feelings
Condition.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on new product of the present invention.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to above embodiments institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer, it is characterised in that: raw material includes organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, soil texture
Modifying agent and Chinese medicinal powder；
The inorganic fertilizer part includes urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate；
The organic fertilizer part includes dregs of beans, humic acid, swine excrement, corn stover, swelling agent, wheat bran, EM fermenting agent；
The weight of each raw material is respectively 30 parts by weight of dregs of beans~40 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight~10 of humic acid in the compound fertilizer
Parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of swine excrement~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of corn stover~40 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight~2 of swelling agent
Parts by weight, 25 parts by weight of wheat bran~35 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight of EM fermenting agent~0.1 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of urea~
5 parts by weight of 25 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate~20 parts by weight and potassium sulfate~10 parts by weight, soil conditioner
0.5 parts by weight~1 parts by weight and Chinese medicinal powder 2 parts by weight~5 parts by weight；
Soil conditioner is specially high molecular polymer β-thioether ester-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer；
The Chinese medicinal powder be by mysorethorn, river paddy root, Companumoea root, sargentodoxa cuneata, frutus cnidii, safflower, Cortex Phellodendri and smilax preparation and
At；
In the Chinese medicinal powder parts by weight of each raw material be respectively 30 parts by weight of mysorethorn~40 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight of river paddy root~
35 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of Companumoea root~25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of sargentodoxa cuneata~30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight~35 of frutus cnidii
Parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of safflower~25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of Cortex Phellodendri~40 parts by weight and smilax 10 parts by weight~20 weight
Part.
2. the preparation method of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer described in claim 1 characterized by comprising
The first step, the fermentation of organic fertilizer；
Second step, the preparation of Chinese medicinal powder；
Third step prepares soil conditioner；
Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are uniformly mixed by the 4th step, obtain inorganic fertilizer mixture；
5th step, the organic fertilizer fermentation product of the first step, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material medicinal powder that second step obtains, the soil that third step obtains
The inorganic fertilizer mixture that earth texture modifier and the 4th step obtain is sent into dry type Squeezinggranulator after being mixed evenly
In carry out package granulation, obtain composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer particle of the 5th step is dried in 6th step, and 35~40 DEG C of drying temperature, drying time
For 18~20h, packed after cooling.
3. the preparation method of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer described in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the first step is further
Specially swine excrement is uniformly smashed to pieces, moisture regulation is 55%~65%；Particle diameter is advisable with 0.5~1cm, by above-mentioned pig manure
Just it is mixed into swelling agent, is placed into bulking machine, controls 200 DEG C of temperature, pressure 10kg/cm2, expanding treatment is carried out, excrement is made
Grain；Faecal pellet is pulverized and sieved with pulverizer, takes the extruding fine powder of diameter < 1.0mm, by above-mentioned extruding fine powder, dregs of beans, corn stalk
Stalk, wheat bran, humic acid, EM fermenting agent are stirred and form fermentation materials together, and fermentation is transported to after being uniformly mixed
Pond, material heap is 1 meter high in fermentation vat, and surface is covered with the thermal insulation material of gas permeability, and fermentation temperature Discrete control is at 30~35 DEG C, hair
The ferment time is 8~10 days, and pH control is down to pH4.5~4.7 before taking off film, during stablizing fermentation 5~6.5 in fermentation process
Ventilatory capacity, after two-stage fermentation；Reactor startup dries fermented- material, and temperature of charge is not higher than 90 DEG C when drying；?
After the fermentation materials for being 10%~12% to moisture content by weight percentage, then crush to obtain powdered organic fertilizer at
Point.
4. the preparation method of tobacco growing special complex fertilizer described in Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: the β-thioether ester-
The preparation method of epsilon-caprolactone copolymer is specially methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone according to molar ratio
The ratio of 0.6:0.4 uses, and is put into the reaction vessel relative to methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone
The diphenyl ether that 3 times of the sum of monomer mass, then by methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) propionic acid and 6-caprolactone successively according to rubbing
You put into reaction vessel ratio, add and account for methyl 3-((2- ethoxy) is thio) the sum of propionic acid and 6-caprolactone monomer mass
The candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) of 8% mass percent controls the temperature under the reduced pressure of 350mbar at 90 DEG C
Degree is lower to stir 70h, and reduced pressure is controlled by vacuum pump, and termination is quenched with chloroform in following reaction, and enzyme is removed by filtration, after filtering
Filtrate concentration removal hexichol ether solvents, further wash away remaining hexichol ether solvents with hexane, product uses hexane and chloroform
It precipitates 3 times according to the mixed solvent that volume ratio 50:50 is constituted, is then dried under vacuum.
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| CN106478275A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 郑州思辩科技有限公司 | A kind of composite pesticide of preventing and treating tobacco diseases and preparation method thereof |
| CN106490062A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 郑州思辩科技有限公司 | A kind of biofungicide of preventing and treating rice blast and preparation method thereof |
| CN106576811A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Method for increasing yield of tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety K326 by adjusting micro-ecological environment |
| CN106699424A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区烟草公司百色市公司 | Special topdressing compound fertilizer for tobaccos and preparation method |
| CN110776381A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-11 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Special tobacco fertilizer for improving functional diversity of tobacco-planting soil microorganisms |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1232008A (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 1999-10-20 | 西北农业大学无公害农药研究服务中心 | Organic compound fertilizer for tobacco and its preparing process |
| CN104140318A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-12 | 马鞍山市四季果业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for improving soil structure and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN104387211A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Special nutrient package fertilizer for Honghua Dajinyuan species tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1232008A (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 1999-10-20 | 西北农业大学无公害农药研究服务中心 | Organic compound fertilizer for tobacco and its preparing process |
| CN104140318A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-12 | 马鞍山市四季果业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for improving soil structure and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN104387211A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Special nutrient package fertilizer for Honghua Dajinyuan species tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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