CN101084733A

CN101084733A - Roof afforestation structure

Info

Publication number: CN101084733A
Application number: CNA2006100876340A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈建
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-06-07
Filing date: 2006-06-07
Publication date: 2007-12-12

Abstract

Construction for greening housetop comprises base layer, moisture retention device, and planting layer arranged on the base layer, wherein the moisture retention device is arranged between the base layer and planting layer and contacts with the planting layer partly. The base layer, moisture retention device and planting layer together create a circumstance for steady and long term plant growth like ground. The construction can guarantee normal growth of plants in natural condition especially in bad conditions, and can make full use of nuisanceless natural resources such as rainwater.

Description

The structure of roof greening

One, affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of structure of roof greening.

Two, technical background

The structure of roof greening, traditional way are that the large stone of layer overlay (cobblestone etc.) is laid the filter course of being made by nonwoven or other material again as drainage blanket on drainage blanket on roof waterproof layer, spread soil on the filter course, plant plant again.Because cobblestone exists from heavy, and building bearing is required high deficiency; Secondly, under planting conditions over a long time, the root system of plant can destroy the watertight composition on roof; Its three owing to there is not the complement of moisture, can face drought injury at the season plant of sweltering heat, to such an extent as to large tracts of land death occurs.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention proposes in order to address the above problem, and purpose is to provide: a kind of can be as the plant growth environment of the long-term stability in soil, and can well overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned roof greening.

In order to address the above problem, the feature of the structure first aspect of roof greening of the present invention is: it comprises basic unit (1), moisturizing device (2) and plantation layer (3), described plantation layer (3) places in the basic unit (1), moisturizing device (2) places between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3), and part contacts with plantation layer (3).

In order to address the above problem; the feature of the structure second aspect of roof greening of the present invention is: described basic unit (1) is the floor on building roof; or for the building roof floor slab with one or more materials that shield placed on it or/and the techonosphere that structure constitutes, the described material that shields or/and structure comprise waterproof material (11), insulation material (12), anti-root system penetrable material (13), prevent plant growth medium slide device (14).It is indoor that waterproof material (11) is used to prevent that rainwater etc. from penetrating into; Insulation material (12) is used to reduce outdoor high temperature or low temperature to indoor influence; Anti-root system penetrable material (13) is used to prevent the stiff materials of corner angle and the root system of plant destruction to watertight composition; Anti-plant growth medium slide device (14) is used for preventing on the sloped roof plant growth medium landslide.

In order to address the above problem, the feature of the structure third aspect of roof greening of the present invention [moisturizing device first scheme] is: described moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and storage water system (22), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215); Described storage water system (22) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).Feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and it is last or terminal that water control device (213) is positioned at feed pipe (212); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contacts or contact or place with absorbent material (222) water-accumulating body (2214) with plantation layer (3); Absorbent material (222) place storage drainage arrangement (221) go up or in, and contact with plantation layer (3).Storage drainage arrangement (221) is stored in the water of rainwater or pouring in the water-accumulating body (2214), place the absorbent material (222) of water-accumulating body (2214) that water is conducted to plantation layer (3) supply plant, after the water that stores in the water-accumulating body (2214) exhausts, water guide material (215) imports the water in the tank (214), continue to give plant (3) to supply water, the water in the tank (214) is by constantly replenishing with tank (211).

In order to address the above problem, the feature of the structure fourth aspect of roof greening of the present invention [moisturizing device alternative plan] is: described moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and drainage arrangement (223), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215).Feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) places feed pipe (212) last or terminal; Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and another part contacts with plantation layer (3) or places under the drainage arrangement (223); Drainage arrangement (223) places between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3).Drainage arrangement when heavy rain (223) is drained unnecessary water; In the arid time, when moisture content dropped to a certain degree in the plantation layer (3), water guide material (215) imported the water in the tank (214) and supplies with plant, and the water in the tank (214) is constantly replenished by tank (211).

In order to address the above problem, the feature of structure the 5th aspect of roof greening of the present invention [moisturizing device third party case] is: described moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221), absorbent material (222), irrigation rig (223).Storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or on, and contact with plantation layer (3); Irrigation rig (223) one ends are communicated with the water source, the other end place near the afforested areas or in; Or branch is distributed in the plantation layer (3) with parallel connection or serial arrangement or overhead.The water of the irrigation rig that is communicated with the water source (216) pouring is or/and rainwater enters plantation layer (3), unnecessary water infiltrates storage drainage arrangement (221) and is stored in wherein, when the moisture content of plantation layer (3) drops to a certain degree, replenished by absorbent material (222).After the water in the storage drainage arrangement (221) exhausted, irrigation rig (216) was replenished with artificial or intelligent manner.

In order to address the above problem, the feature of structure the 6th aspect [the cubic case of moisturizing device] of roof greening of the present invention is: described moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).Storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or/and on, and contact with plantation layer (3).Unnecessary rainwater infiltrates storage drainage arrangement (221) and is stored in wherein, when the moisture content of plantation layer (3) drops to a certain degree, is replenished by absorbent material (222).

In order to address the above problem, the feature of structure the 7th aspect of roof greening of the present invention is: described plantation layer (3) is a plant growth medium (31); Or plant growth medium (31) and the composite interstitial substance (32) that places its bottom or one or more members with specific function wherein or on it to form, described specific function member comprises filtering material (321), matrix anchoring material (322).Filtering material (321) is used to prevent that the plant growth medium bottom is by the rainwater erosion; Matrix anchoring material (322) is used to prevent that the plant growth medium surface is by the rainwater erosion.

The present invention is owing to adopted above-mentioned design to have the following advantages:

1, moisturizing device (2) goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated.

2, roof construction of the present invention utilizes natural resources (rainwater) to greatest extent; And owing to have stable water supply, the thickness of plantation layer (3) can suitably reduce, and therefore, has alleviated the load of building.

3, roof construction of the present invention is mainly supplied water to plant from root, and evaporation reduces to minimum between plant, and water application efficiency significantly improves on year-on-year basis.

4, plant has comfortable stable growing environment and perfect anti-root system penetrating device, the destruction that can not cause roof waterproof.

5, the present invention is simple in structure, and cost is low, can be used for various forms of roof greenings, improves urban environment.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 1 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 2 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 3 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 4 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 4 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 5 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 5 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 6 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 6 that proposes of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the sectional structure chart of the structure of Roof Greening embodiment 7 that proposes of the present invention

The schematic diagram of two kinds of forms of the water control device of the structure of Roof Greening that Fig. 8-the 9th, the present invention propose (213)

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the tank of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 10-the 21st, the present invention propose (214)

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the water guide material (215) of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 22-the 31st, the present invention propose

The suction of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 32-the 34th, the present invention propose, draining and ventilation schematic diagram

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the plantation layer (3) of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 35-the 38th, the present invention propose

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the storage drainage arrangement (221) of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 39-the 125th, the present invention propose

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the dowel of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 126-the 135th, the present invention propose (2213)

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the drainage arrangement of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 136-the 166th, the present invention propose (223)

The schematic diagram of the various ways of the connector of the structure of Roof Greening that Figure 167-the 188th, the present invention propose

Wherein: the fiber agglomerate of the face tablet 2218-strong absorptive that the hydrophilic or hydrophobic face tablet 2217-of the anti-plant growth medium slide device 2-moisturizing device 21-water charging system 211-tank of the anti-root system penetrable material 14-of the 11-of 1-basic unit waterproof material 12-insulation material 13-or water main 212-feed pipe 213-water control device 214-tank 215-water guide material 22-storage water system 221-storage drainage arrangement 222-absorbent material 223-drainage arrangement 224-irrigation rig 2210-groove shape thing 2211-plugging material 2212-dividing plate 2213-dowel 2214-water-accumulating body 2215-thrust 2216-is hydrophobic and/or the weak water imbibition of granular materials 2219-or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials 3-kind are planted a layer 31-plant growth medium 32-composite interstitial substance 321-filtering material 322-matrix anchoring material

Embodiment 1

The moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) adopts is first cover scheme of preserving moisture.First overlaps the most outstanding characteristics of scheme of preserving moisture is autostable feedwater and makes full use of the natural resources---the storage utilization of rainwater.The storage drainage arrangement that the roof greening seen at present adopts, or only pay attention to draining and supply water to plant and to cause difficulty, or only pay attention to water storage and ignored the coordination of plant root solid, liquid, gas three-phases is often because the many gas of water cause plant to rot the root seedling death phenomenon less; Secondly lack water recharging mechanism steady in a long-term.

As shown in Figure 1, one deck insulation material (12) and the waterproof material (11) of the basic unit of present embodiment (1) on load-carrying members, laying.

Moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and storage water system (22), and as shown in Figure 1, water charging system (21) comprises tank (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215); Storage water system (22) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).Tank (211) has special water charging system for placing the pond on roof, can guarantee long-term water supply.Feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) is positioned on the feed pipe (22).Shown in Fig. 1,8, water control device (213) is the little water tank that an end is connected with tank (214), and feed pipe feeds wherein, and the main control wet part of water control device (213) is ball-cock assembly (2131).Tank (214) for a plurality of parallel connections of being distributed in plantation layer (3) middle part or/and polyphone place container-like thing in the basic unit (1).Water guide material (215) is a glass fabric, and shown in Fig. 1,8-12,29, water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contacts with absorbent material (222).Absorbent material (222) is the granular materials (as carbon slag, cobblestone, haydite, large stone, coarse sand etc.) in coarse grain footpath, and absorbent material (222) places storage drainage arrangement (221) interior and last, and part contacts with plantation layer (3).Storage drainage arrangement (221) is a plurality of bowl-shape back and forth concavo-convex plate objects (as Figure 64,66) that continue in all directions that are, water-accumulating body of the reciprocal concavo-convex formation of plate object (2214) and thrust (2215) have dowel (2213) (as Figure 133) to connect between the bowl-shape thrust to lower convexity (2215); Be covered with the hole (as Figure 64) that differs in size on the plate face of the lands of plate object: between plate object and the plate object connector (as Figure 185-187) that is connected in the hasp mode is arranged.

Plantation layer (3) is the mixture of the various plants growth substrate (31) of different-grain diameter, and part soil is wherein arranged; Plant growth medium (31) has filtering material (321) with the absorbent material intersection.

The operation principle of this embodiment: shown in Fig. 1,34, storage drainage arrangement (221) is stored in the water of rainwater or pouring in the groove, place the absorbent material (222) of groove that water is conducted to plantation layer (3) supply plant, after the water that stores in storage drainage arrangement (221) groove exhausts, water guide material (215) imports the water in the tank (214), continue to give plant (3) to supply water, the water in the tank (214) is by constantly replenishing with tank (211).Working condition to each several part describes in detail below: A, shown in Fig. 1,8,9, feed pipe (22) is with in the input tank of the water in the tank (21) (214), water control device (213) utilize ball-cock assembly with the water management in the tank (214) at a preposition, how much water siphoned away by water guide material (215), and how many feed pipes (212) just replenishes.B, the water guide material (215) of invading in the tank (214) are glass fabric, glass fabric is that superfine glass fiber bundle is worked out, slit between the glass fiber bundle can form the capillary with extremely strong water absorbing capacity, these capillaries utilize capillary force that the water in the tank is transmitted to each position of fiber cloth, and (water-holding capacity of fiber cloth is subjected to the influence of capillary force, after the capillary water holding is saturated, suction stops, and water can not flow bob).The suction from storage drainage arrangement (221) and water guide material (215) of C, absorbent material (222), absorbent material (222) is coarse granule material (as carbon slag, cobblestone, haydite, large stone, a coarse sand etc.), the mode of suction is mainly the mode that spreads to the thin place of moisture film from the thick place of moisture film, next has a spot of capillary suction, the water motion of diffusion is all relevant with the environment water content with capillary water motion, the environment water content is high more, and moving of water is just easy more.Water in the water guide material (215) is subjected to the effect of fibrous material capillary force, absorbent material (222) will be from water guide material (215) suction need overcome the capillary force of fibrous material, and it is directly much easier from the interior suction of water-accumulating body (2214), that is to say, absorbent material (222) suction has selectivity, when in storage drainage arrangement (221) water being arranged, utilize the water in the storage drainage arrangement (221), after not having water in the storage drainage arrangement (221) then utilize water in the water guide material (215).D, be the storage draining schematic diagram of storage drainage arrangement (221) shown in figure 32, the water that overflows in plantation layer (3) during rainfall enters and stores the bowl-shape groove, and after groove was filled, unnecessary water overflowed from the spillway hole of groove protrusions part earlier; A large amount of water is drained from each spillway hole and the intergranular gap of absorbent material (222) when meeting heavy showers.E, the ventilation schematic diagram for storage drainage arrangement (221) shown in Figure 33, water storage in the storage drainage arrangement (221) has certain influence (moisture higher meeting causes plant root oxygen supply deficiency) to the moisture content in the plantation layer (3), as shown in figure 33, the air of bottom enters the plantation layer by the hole on the storage drainage arrangement (221), improves the aeration status of plant root.Have connector that plate object is linked to be integral body between F, plate object and the plate object, plant growth medium is difficult for entering basic unit (1); Secondly, form a built on stilts air layer, air layer inner air flow, environmental drying between storage drainage arrangement (221) and the basic unit (1).Therefore, root system of plant can not enter basic unit (1) watertight composition is damaged.G, plate object have dowel (2213) (as Figure 133) to connect between the thrust (2215) of lower convexity, and dowel (2213) can strengthen the intensity of plate object, reduce the material usage amount.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated; Secondly, owing to have water supply steady in a long-term, the thickness of plantation layer can suitably reduce; Its three, absorbent material has preferential selectivity to the utilization of the water of storage in the drainage arrangement than with the glassware for drinking water in the water-release fibre, therefore, can utilize natural resources (rainwater) to greatest extent; Four, the water-carriage mode of present embodiment all is under plantation layer water directly to be supplied with plant root, and the face of land and plant leaf surface all keep dry, and evaporation reduces to minimum between plant, and water application efficiency significantly improves on year-on-year basis; Its four, plant has comfortable stable growing environment, root system can not grow into basic unit to topic desperately because of the environment of lack of water and so on, causes the destruction to roof waterproof layer.

Embodiment 2

The first cover scheme of preserving moisture that the moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) equally adopts with embodiment 1.This embodiment has only storage drainage arrangement (221) different with embodiment 1, and other is all identical with embodiment 1, only the operation principle of storing up drainage arrangement (221) is described in detail here.

As shown in Figure 2, the storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment is that absorptive plate object (as making pottery, be mixed with the cement products of absorbent material etc.) is positioned over the complex that constitutes in the groove shape thing (2210); The protrusion (2215) (as Fig. 2,110) of several rib shapes of the lower surface of its plate object; The plate object surface is covered with hole (as Figure 110); Groove shape thing (2210) is connected (as Figure 166,167) with groove shape thing (2210) bayonet connection.

This embodiment stores up the operation principle of drainage arrangement (221): the water of rainwater or pouring infiltrates in the groove shape thing that stores up drainage arrangement (221) by plantation layer (3) and stores, after water level surpasses predetermined water level, spillway hole from groove shape thing sidewall overflows, when the moisture content in the plantation layer (3) reduced, the water of storage replenished the water sucking-off by absorptive plate object and gives plantation layer (3).The storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment has following characteristics: A, replaces the particulate water-absorbing material (222) of embodiment 1 employing with tabular absorbent material (222), the water absorption of the easier control material of tabular absorbent material, make the easier standardization of product, standardization, and more convenient construction; B, shown in Fig. 2,111, between the water storage face of storage drainage arrangement (221) and the plate object one section air layer is arranged, this air layer is in communication with the outside by the spillway hole on the groove shape thing sidewall, the hole that the air in the air layer passes on the plate object enters plantation layer (3); The storage drainage arrangement (221) of C, this embodiment has been built good aqueous vapor environment, and root system can not enter basic unit (3) and go suction; Secondly, connect (as Figure 178,179) by buckle-type between the storage drainage arrangement (221), adjacent storage drainage arrangement (221) is linked as integral body, root system can't be invaded watertight composition and be destroyed roofing.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated on the basis of embodiment 1, and by the more stable interior moisture content of guarantee plantation layer (3) of modular storage drainage arrangement (221), exempt the destruction of root system of plant, convenient construction to roof waterproof layer.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 3, the section of the storage drainage arrangement (221) of present embodiment is the tilting blanket of upper, middle and lower three-decker, and the upper strata of tilting blanket is the hydrophilic face tablet (2216) (as film, fiber cloth etc.) of individual layer; Bottom is the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) (as film, chemical fiber cloth, plastic deeping, the fleece of thickness etc. is arranged) of individual layer; The middle level is the mixture of the fiber agglomerate of the fibrous face tablet of strong absorptive or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) (as the peat composed of rotten mosses, suction foam, coma, the some fibre that contains water-loss reducer, particle agglomerate etc.) and weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219) (as haydite, glass fibre ball, coarse sand etc.) or hydrophobicity agglomerate, granular materials (as plastic grain etc.).

The operation principle of storage drainage arrangement: rainwater or water is poured water and is infiltrated in the storage drainage arrangements (221) by plantation layer (3), the strong absorbent material that is clipped in the blanket shape storage drainage arrangement (221) is intercepted and captured water in the suction body in the mode of interception, unnecessary water overflows with hydrophobic material and flows away, when plantation layer moisture content reduced, the water in the storage drainage arrangement (221) directly entered mode such as absorb water in the water storage material with the conduction of rising, water-absorbing material or root system of plant and replenishes plant moisture.The storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment has following characteristics: A, shown in Fig. 3,93-96, the hydrophobic material that has been clipped in around the water storage material in the tilting blanket cloth cover, this has just constituted water body and has been looped around water body ambient air band, water body supplies water to plant, and the air band carries out gas exchange with plantation layer (3) endlessly.B, water storage material are sandwiched between the hydrophobic material, and root system of plant possess hydrophilic property, root system only can enter the strong absorptive material that contains water saturation, do not enter basic unit (1) roof waterproof is damaged and can not pass water-free hydrophobic material; The material that is laid on the band corner angle on the roofing except that root system also may produce damage to it, and the storage drainage arrangement (221) of blanket shape plays the effect of neonychium; Its three, root system of plant penetrates in the storage drainage arrangement (221) of blanket shape, the storage drainage arrangement of blanket shape just in time the mode by the anchoring root system of plant with the plant anchoring, particularly rather windy roof, the anchoring plant is important unusually to plant growing.The storage drainage arrangement (221) of C, blanket shape structure can be made 100 meters long big volume, and can make quite wide fabric width, the houseful of easily mating formation efficiently top.The blanket shape storage drainage arrangement (221) of D, this embodiment not only is suitable for and the flat roof that some gradients are arranged, the inclined roof that is used for preferably, bulks such as embodiment 1,2 or the tabular storage drainage arrangement (221) of the bar difficulty of when roof pitch reaches constant slope, mating formation, also might produce slippage, and the blanket shape of this embodiment storage drainage arrangement (221) can mat formation very easily, fix, and better fixedly plant and the plantation layer (3) on the slope of its distinctive anchoring function.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated on the basis of embodiment 1; and store up drainage arrangement (221) by the blanket shape and protect roof waterproof layer not by the material damage of root system of plant and band corner angle; the plant of anchoring simultaneously; easy construction is especially to the good especially effect of heavy grade roof planting plant tool.

Embodiment 4

The first cover scheme of preserving moisture that the moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) equally adopts with embodiment 1.This embodiment is specially at inclined roof.Inclined roof not only will be considered the storage of water with respect to flat roof, also will consider the corresponding measure of anti-sealing erosion.Because the gradient is big, rainwater is drained fast relatively, the raising of drainage speed can cause the aggravation of plantation layer erosion, in order to prevent the erosion of rainwater to the plantation layer, the basic unit of this embodiment (1) has adopted anti-plant growth medium slide device (14), adopt the surperficial storage drainage arrangement (221) (as Fig. 4) that detent projection is arranged simultaneously, in plant growth medium (31), adopted the matrix anchoring material (322) of reticular fibre material.

As shown in Figure 4, the anti-plant growth medium slide device (14) that one deck flitch is made is laid by present embodiment basic unit (1) on the floor of inclined roof, goes up at anti-plant growth medium slide device (14) and lays waterproof material (11).

Moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and storage water system (22), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215); Described storage water system (22) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).As shown in Figure 4, feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) is positioned at feed pipe (212) terminal (as Fig. 8); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and another part contacts or contacts with absorbent material (222) with plantation layer (3); Absorbent material (222) places in the storage drainage arrangement (221), and contacts with plantation layer (3).Water main (211) for to place the roof that the water pipe of hydraulic pressure is arranged, has special water charging system, can guarantee the long-term device that supplies water.Or/and the valve of opening (2131) automatically, the valve of described automatic unlatching is for placing the ball-cock assembly (as Fig. 4) of tank (214) in order to be positioned at the artificial of feed pipe end for water control device (213).Tank (214) is for being distributed in the plantation layer (3) and a plurality of parallel connections at edge or polyphone, the groove shape body that basic unit (1) is recessed to form; (as Fig. 4,11).Water guide material (215) immerses in the tank (214) for part, the glass fabric that part contacts with absorbent material (222).Absorbent material (222) for place water storage device (221) or placed on it contact with plantation layer (3) have an absorptive granular materials (as haydite, carbon slag, cobblestone).Storage drainage arrangement (221) is for the plate object of surface protuberances (2215), thrust (2215) form water-accumulating body (2214) (as Fig. 4,107) on the inclined plane, between plate object and the plate object with hasp connection (as Figure 181-184).

Plantation layer (3) is for containing the plant growth medium (31) of soil, and there is the matrix anchoring material (322) (as Figure 36-38) of reticular fibre material on plant growth medium (31) surface.

The operation principle of this embodiment: the storage drainage arrangement (221) that is laid on the inclined roof utilizes the gradient of roofing to form step aqua storage tank (as Fig. 4,107), aqua storage tank is stored in the water of rainwater or pouring wherein, place the absorbent material (222) of aqua storage tank that water is conducted to plantation layer (3) supply plant, after the water that stores in the storage drainage arrangement (221) exhausts, water guide material (215) imports the water in the tank (214), continue to give plant (3) to supply water, the water in the tank (214) is constantly replenished by the feed pipe (212) that is communicated with water main (211).Below each several part is described in detail: A, as shown in Figure 4, feed pipe (212) is with in the input tank of the water in the tank (211) (214), water control device (213) utilize ball-cock assembly with the water management in the tank (214) a stable position, how much water siphoned away by water guide material (215), and how many feed pipes (212) replenishes.B, the water guide material of invading in the tank (214) are glass fabric, glass fabric is worked out with superfine glass fiber bundle, slit between the glass fiber bundle can form the capillary with extremely strong water absorbing capacity, and these capillaries utilize capillary force the water in the tank to be transmitted to each position of fiber cloth.The water-holding capacity of fiber cloth is subjected to the influence of capillary force, and after the capillary water holding was saturated, suction stopped, and water can not flow bob.The suction from storage drainage arrangement (221) and water guide material (215) of C, absorbent material (222), absorbent material (222) is the coarse granule material, the mode of suction is mainly the mode that spreads to the thin place of moisture film from the thick place of moisture film, next has a spot of capillary suction, the water motion of diffusion is all relevant with the environment water content with capillary water motion, the environment water content is high more, and moving of water is just easy more.Water in the water guide material (215) is subjected to the effect of fibrous material capillary force, absorbent material (222) will be from water guide material (215) suction need overcome the capillary force of fibrous material, and it is directly much easier from the interior suction of storage drainage arrangement (221), that is to say, absorbent material (222) suction has selectivity, when in storage drainage arrangement (221) water being arranged, utilize the water in the storage drainage arrangement (221), after not having water in the storage drainage arrangement (221) then utilize water in the water guide material (215).D, shown in Fig. 4,107, storage drainage arrangement (221) raised surface forms the step aqua storage tank, between the step aqua storage tank, do not have and do not had by water logging, the air band that constitutes by coarse granule material gap, air utilizes effects such as air pressure, temperature, gas diffusion to enter the plantation layer, improves the aeration status of plant root.The dentation shelves soil structure that convexes to form the one-level one-level of E, storage drainage arrangement (221), to plant the shearing action of layer (3) cuts down, the plant growth medium slide device (14) and the surperficial matrix anchoring material (322) that is provided with of plantation layer (3) that cooperate basic unit (1) to be provided with are eliminated the easily waterworn hidden danger of plantation layer on the inclined roof.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated; Secondly, owing to have water supply steady in a long-term, the thickness of plantation layer can suitably reduce; Its three, absorbent material has preferential selectivity to the utilization of the water of storage in the drainage arrangement than with the glassware for drinking water in the water-release fibre, therefore, can utilize natural resources to greatest extent; Its four, the water-carriage mode of present embodiment all is under plantation layer water directly to be supplied with plant root, the face of land and plant leaf surface all keep dry, evaporation reduces to minimum between plant, water application efficiency significantly improves on year-on-year basis; Its five, the Web materials that present embodiment adopts the storage drainage arrangement (221) of plant growth medium slide device (14), dentation anti-skid structure and is covered in the plantation laminar surface is eliminated on the inclined roof plantation and layer is easily caused the hidden danger on landslide.

Embodiment 5

The scheme of preserving moisture is overlapped in second of the moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) employing.The second cover the most outstanding feature of scheme of preserving moisture is to get on except the water storage function of storage drainage arrangement (221) on the preserve moisture basis of scheme of first cover, changes it into drainage arrangement (223).It is to be easy to cause the moisture content of plantation layer (3) too high that storage drainage arrangement (221) has big characteristics, is easy to cause adverse effects such as mashed root, death for some not water-fast wet plants.

As shown in Figure 5, one deck heat-insulation layer (12) and the watertight composition (11) of the basic unit of present embodiment (1) on load-carrying members, laying.

Moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and drainage arrangement (223), and described water charging system (21) comprises water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215).As shown in Figure 5, feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) places on the feed pipe (212); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and another part contacts with plantation layer (3); Drainage arrangement (223) places between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3), and water guide material (215) places drainage arrangement (223) to go up with plantation layer (3) and contacts.Water main (211) has special water charging system for placing the water pipe that hydraulic pressure is arranged on roof, can guarantee the long-term device that supplies water.Or/and the valve of opening (2131) automatically, the valve of described automatic unlatching is for placing the ball-cock assembly of a casing or tank (214) in order to be positioned at artificial on the feed pipe for water control device (213).Tank (214) places the groove shape thing (as Figure 12,15,19-21) in the basic unit (1) for being distributed in a plurality of parallel connections in the plantation layer (3) or polyphone.Water guide material (215) immerses in the tank (214) for part, and part contacts with plantation layer (3), the complex (as Figure 28) that weak absorptive fabric constitutes absorbent particle shape thing (as sand, haydite) parcel.Drainage arrangement (223) is the plate object of surface with conical papilla thing (2215) projection, imporosity on the plate face of plate object bossing; Plate object raises up has dowel (2213) that adjacent thrust (2215) is interconnected (as Figure 135) between the thrust (2215) that forms; With hasp connected mode (as Figure 185-187) adjacent plate object is linked as integral body between plate object and the plate object.

Plantation layer (3) is the mixture of the various plants growth substrate (31) of different-grain diameter, and part soil is wherein arranged.

The operation principle of this embodiment: drainage arrangement when heavy rain (223) is drained unnecessary water; In the arid time, when moisture content dropped to a certain degree in the plantation layer (3), water guide material (215) imported the water in the tank (214) and supplies with plant, and the water in the tank (214) is constantly replenished by tank (211).Working condition to each several part describes in detail below: A, shown in Fig. 5,8,9, feed pipe (22) is with in the input tank of the water in the tank (21) (214), water control device (213) utilize ball-cock assembly with the water management in the tank (214) at a preposition, how much water siphoned away by water guide material (215), and how many feed pipes (212) just replenishes.B, the water guide material (215) of invading in the tank (214) are the complex (as Figure 28) that weak absorptive fabric constitutes absorbent particle shape thing (as sand, haydite) parcel, as shown in figure 28, granular material is a sand, be covered with hole on the weak absorptive fabric, fine sand have good transmissibility and moisture capacity, also can be as the plant growth medium utilization, and the thickness that can regulate sand is regulated the hydraulic conductivity of water guide material (215); Secondly, water guide material (215) utilizes the water imbibition of sand that water is imported plant growth medium (31) supply plant in tank (214), and root system of plant also can penetrate directly suction in the water guide material water permeable material material (215); Its three, the water guide material (215) of fabric has anchorage effect to root system of plant.C, drainage arrangement (223) have the plate object of countless taper projectioies for the surface, water guide material (215) is placed on it, heavy rains etc. are through the filtration of water guide material (215), enter on the drainage arrangement (223), get rid of (as Figure 151) by the space that drainage arrangement (223) is gone up between protrusion (2215), simultaneously, this space helps the circulation of air.Have connector that plate object is linked to be integral body between D, plate object and the plate object, plant growth medium is difficult for entering basic unit (1), and therefore, root system of plant can not enter basic unit (1) watertight composition is damaged.There is dowel (2213) (as Figure 135) to connect the intensity that can strengthen plate object of dowel (2213) on E, the plate object between the bowl-shape thrust that raises up (2215).

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated; Secondly, owing to have water supply steady in a long-term, the thickness of plantation layer can suitably reduce; Its three, the water-carriage mode of present embodiment all is under plantation layer water directly to be supplied with plant root, the face of land and plant leaf surface all keep dry, evaporation reduces to minimum between plant, water application efficiency significantly improves on year-on-year basis; Its four, present embodiment adopts the water guide material (215) of fabric enwrapped granule absorbent material structure to build stabilize water, compression ring border for root system of plant, and well utilizes root system anchoring plant; Its five, drainage arrangement is drained unnecessary rainwater rapidly, avoids plant to cause damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.

Embodiment 6

The scheme of preserving moisture is overlapped in the 3rd of the moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) employing.The 3rd cover the most outstanding feature of scheme of preserving moisture is on first cover is preserved moisture the basis of scheme water charging system (211) to be changed into microspray irrigation device (224).Roof greening in some areas of heavy rainfull, as long as the reserves of storage drainage arrangement (221) are enough, only need summer extremely hot arid a bit of time need pouring, also have certain plants to prefer, therefore adopt the microspray irrigation system of Artificial Control or control automatically more to help plant growing and/or water saving from the blade face pouring.

Moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221), absorbent material (222), irrigation rig (224), and storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or on, and contact with plantation layer (3); Irrigation rig (224) one ends are communicated with the water source, and other end branch is distributed in the plantation layer (3) with parallel connection or serial arrangement or is overhead.Irrigation rig (224) is a microspray irrigation artificial or that control automatically.Absorbent material (222) for placing water storage device (221) or/and go up and contact with plantation layer (3) have an absorptive granular materials.The complex (as Fig. 6,84,85) that storage drainage arrangement (221) becomes a plurality of pyramidal plate objects to place groove shape thing (2210) to constitute for downward spill; Be covered with hole on the plate face of plate object; Be connected (as Fig. 6,178,179) for buckle between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210).

The operation principle of this embodiment: the water of the irrigation rig that is communicated with the water source (224) pouring is or/and rainwater enters plantation layer (3), unnecessary water infiltrates storage drainage arrangement (221) and is stored in wherein, when the moisture content of plantation layer (3) drops to a certain degree, replenished by absorbent material (222).After the water in the storage drainage arrangement (221) exhausted, irrigation rig (216) was replenished with artificial or intelligent manner.Working condition to each several part describes in detail below: A, shown in Fig. 6,84,85, the storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment becomes a plurality of pyramidal plate objects to be positioned in the groove shape thing for downward spill, the plate object that replants the storage drainage arrangement (221) of structure has only several cones to lower recess, place the absorbent material (222) of groove less relatively, can be by the moisture content of groove quantity on the plate object or size adjustment plantation layer (3) be set; Secondly, this storage drainage arrangement (221) is owing to adopt independent tank (2210) water storage (as Figure 84,85), the moisture storage capacity of this storage drainage arrangement (221) stores up drainage arrangement (221) with respect to other and is the reserves maximum, consumes minimum a kind of form, can utilize rainwater to greatest extent; Its three, storage drainage arrangement (221) can utilize connector such as buckle that adjacent storage drainage arrangement (221) is linked as integral body, avoids plant growth medium (31) and root system of plant to enter basic unit (1) roof waterproof is damaged.B, as shown in Figure 6, between the plate object lands of storage drainage arrangement (221) and the water surface of groove shape thing inner storing water air space is arranged, extraneous air enters air space by spillway hole, enters the plantation layer by the hole on the plate object then, improves the aeration status of plant root.C, irrigation rig (216) open when plant needs most water by artificial or/and instrument monitoring, utilize water resource in the mode of science economy.D, plant growth medium (31) have filtering material (321) with the absorbent material intersection, stop plant growth medium to enter storage drainage arrangement (221) with rainwater, ensure the normal operation of whole system.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated; Secondly, because the storage drainage arrangement is minimum with respect to other form reserves maximum, consumption, can utilize natural resourcess such as rainwater to greatest extent.

Embodiment 7

The quadruplet that the moisturizing device of present embodiment (2) the adopts scheme of preserving moisture.This scheme of preserving moisture does not have water charging system, only relies on the water storage zone of storage drainage arrangement (221) to store rainwater.In roof greening, some plant more drought-enduring (as stringy stonecrop, scape section plant), as long as the moisture in heat insulation good, the plantation layer (3) of storage drainage arrangement (221) is by rapid evaporation, plant just can need not be watered throughout the year.

As shown in Figure 7, waterproof material (11), insulation material (12) are laid by the basic unit of present embodiment (1) on floor.

As shown in Figure 7, the storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).Storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or on, and contact with plantation layer (3).Storage drainage arrangement (221) is base plate and the bar plate object that bends to corrugated arch bar formation for section, be covered with hole on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object, there is plugging material (2211) (as Figure 73) termination of plate object, is connected (as Figure 183,184) in the buckle mode between plate object and the plate object.Absorbent material (222) is for placing water storage device (221) or placed on it having an absorptive granular materials.

The operation principle of this embodiment: the water that rainwater or water spills infiltrates in the storage drainage arrangements (221) by plantation layer (3), because the shutoff of two ends plugging material, water is all built up in storage drainage arrangement (221), when the moisture content of plantation layer (3) descends, replenished by absorbent material (222).The storage drainage arrangement (221) of this embodiment has following characteristics: A, as shown in Figure 7, wavy the arching upward of bar plate object is separated out absorbent material zone, water reserve and air duct, air can pass through this gas passage, passes the hole that gathers on the wavy arch bar and enters plantation layer (3); Its two, shown in Fig. 7,75-79, narrow groove has reduced water-immersed absorbent material (222) quantity, has reduced the consumption of absorbent material (222), and can think that quantity that groove is set and width come the moisture content in the controlling plant growth substrate (31); Its three, the minimizing of absorbent material (222) has increased the moisture storage capacity of storage drainage arrangement (221) accordingly; Its four, become drainage ditch if meet heavy showers storage drainage arrangement (221), rapidly water is discharged by the breach on the plugging material on the termination; The storage drainage arrangement (221) of B, this embodiment can be made into and reaches 6 meters batten, when mounted, completely is laid on the roofing by the buckle connection, and root system of plant is invaded watertight composition nowhere, destroys roofing; Secondly convenient installation, not can it not impacted within the slight gradient in roof, the pit.It is maximum that storage drainage arrangement (221) domes of C, this embodiment are compared with other structure on load, if shown in Figure 78, floor in increasing again under arch bar can make storage drainage arrangement (221) use still less material on year-on-year basis, obtains the resistance to compression and the external force resistance destructiveness of the best.

Present embodiment goes out to have the plant growth environment of the similar the earth of the gentle environment of fine water environment by stable water supply and stable air flow dynamic simulated on the basis of embodiment 1, and by storing up the moisture content that drainage arrangement has reduced the plantation layer, increased moisture storage capacity, strengthened the compression strength of structure, prevented that better root system from destroying roofing.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing this working condition of inventing each parts is further described:

Basic unit (1)

Base room (1):

Basic unit (1) is the floor on building roof; or be the techonosphere of building roof floor slab with one or more materials that shield placed on it or structure formation; described material that shields or structure comprise that [waterproof material is the building roof waterproof material that meets construction standards to waterproof material (11); as asphalt felt; the synthetic rubber coiled material; PVC coiled material etc.]; [insulation material is the building roof insulation material that meets construction standards to insulation material (12); as polystyrene foam; the polyurethanes rigid foam; fiber heat preservation material; foam glass etc.]; [the acting as of anti-root system penetrated bed prevents that root system from penetrating and preventing mechanical damage to roof waterproof layer to anti-root system penetrable material (13); anti-root system penetrated bed mostly is plastic products; or plastics felts goods; or cement or asphalt mortar, bituminous mortar are wiped one's face etc.]; anti-plant growth medium slide device (14) [must have shoe in the gradient greater than the roofing more than 20%; the crossed grid Wooden Batten that the form of shoe is made with the strip lumps of wood, profile of tooth antiskid plate (as Fig. 4)].

Moisturizing device (2)

Moisturizing device (2):

One, moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and storage water system (22), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215); Described storage water system (22) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222), [shown in Fig. 1-4], feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) is positioned at feed pipe (212) and goes up (as Fig. 9) or terminal (as Fig. 8); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contact or contacts with absorbent material (222) (as Fig. 8-12) or places water-accumulating body (2214) [directly keeping the skin wet to water-accumulating body (2214)] with plantation layer (3); Absorbent material (222) place storage drainage arrangement (221) go up or in, and contact with plantation layer (3).[this moisturizing device (2) for of the present invention first preserve moisture scheme].

Two, moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and drainage arrangement (223), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215).[as shown in Figure 5], feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) places feed pipe (212) to go up (as Fig. 9) or terminal (as Fig. 8); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contacts (as Fig. 8-12) or places under the drainage arrangement (223) with plantation layer (3) [utilizes the direct absorption pattern of transpiration or root system of plant to keep the skin wet to plant]; Drainage arrangement (223) places between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3).[this moisturizing device (2) for of the present invention second preserve moisture scheme].

Three, moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221), absorbent material (222), irrigation rig (224).[as shown in Figure 6], storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or on, and contact with plantation layer (3); Irrigation rig (223) one ends are communicated with the water source, and the other end places near the afforested areas or interior [as water tap]; Or branch is distributed in the plantation layer (3) with parallel connection or serial arrangement or overhead [as exceeding the microspray irrigation pipe of plant, the movable sprinkler irrigation pipe].[this moisturizing device (2) for the of the present invention the 3rd preserve moisture scheme].

Four, moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222).[as shown in Figure 7], storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or/and on, and contact with plantation layer (3); [this moisturizing device (2) for the of the present invention the 4th preserve moisture scheme].

Tank or water main (211):

Tank or water main (211) are the water pipe [as the feed pipe of water pipe, running water pipe, pressurization] that places the pond on roof or hydraulic pressure is arranged, and special water charging system is arranged, and can guarantee the long-term device (as Fig. 8,9) that supplies water.

Water control device (213):

Or/and the valve of opening (2131) automatically, the valve of described automatic unlatching is for placing a casing or the ball-cock assembly of tank (214) or the valving of intelligent opening in order to be positioned at the artificial of (as Fig. 9) on the feed pipe or terminal (as Fig. 8) for water control device (213).

Tank (214):

Tank (214) is for being distributed in one or more parallel connections (as Figure 20) of planting (as Figure 12) or edge (as Figure 10,11) in the layer (3) or/and polyphone (as Figure 13-16,19) places groove shape (as Figure 14,15) or tubulose (as Figure 13) or container-like thing (as Figure 16-18) in the basic unit (1); Or the groove shape body (as Figure 11) that is recessed to form of basic unit (1).

Water guide material (215):

Water guide material (215) immerses in the tank (214) for part, part contacts or contacts with absorbent material (222) (as Figure 29-31) or places water-accumulating body (2214) with plantation layer (3), have absorptive fiber (as Figure 22-24) [as chemical fibre bundles such as glass fiber bundle, terylene] or fibrous face tablet (as Figure 24,25) [as fabric, nonwoven, fibrofelt, the fibre layered deposit of chemical fibres such as glass fibre, terylene]; Or the face tablet of the mixture of hygroscopicity fibre and hydrophobic fibre or composite fibre; Or the face tablet is [shown in Figure 28 with the complex (as Figure 27,28) of fiber or granular substance parcel formation, complex for face tablet and granular materials, as shown in the figure, dough sheet shape material is a hydrophobic fabric, granular material is a sand, be covered with hole on the fabric, fine sand have good transmissibility and moisture capacity, also can be as the plant growth medium utilization, and the thickness that can regulate sand is regulated the hydraulic conductivity of water guide material (222); Secondly granular materials can also be things such as fertilizer, makes nutrition type water guide material (215).Be the complex of face tablet and fibrous material as shown in figure 27, as shown in figure 27, dough sheet shape material is plastic film or hydrophobic fiber fabric, fibrous material is the mixture of hydrophobic fibre and hygroscopicity fibre, fibrous material has a lot and sand facies characteristic together, and lighter than sand, air capacity of soils is better, regulate the hydraulic conductivity of water guide material (222) by the ratio of regulating hydrophobic fibre and hygroscopicity fibre], described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or tympan or the net that hole is arranged.

Irrigation rig (216):

Irrigation rig (224) is sprinkling irrigation artificial or control automatically [valve and the water hose of some directly being installed, the system that the manual unlocking valve is irrigated with water hose on the water supply line on roof] or drip irrigation [with the irrigation system of water-dropper or continuous tiny current irrigating plant], or microspray irrigation [with the irrigation system of irrigator] with sprinkling current shape irrigating plant, or fine-spraying belt slight irrigation [adopting the irrigation system of thin-walled antipriming pipe] or infiltrating irrigation [utilization be embedded in underground soakaway trench with press water by the come out irrigation system of moistening its surrounding soil of the micropore seepage flow on the tube wall] as irrigator.

Absorbent material (222):

1, absorbent material (222) for placing water storage device (221) or/and on plant growth medium (31) [i.e. part contact plant growth medium] with the water reserve water that stores up drainage arrangement (221).

2, absorbent material (222) for placing water storage device (221) or/and go up and have absorptive granular materials [as haydite with plantation layer (3) contacts, microlith, breeze, sand etc.] or fibrous material [suction water-resistant fiber, as glass fibre, mineral wool fiber, asbestos fibre, chemical fibre etc.] or board-like material [as the pottery sheet, article etc.], or have water imbibition and non-absorptive granular materials or/and the mixture of fibrous material [non-water-absorbing material such as plastic foam, plastic grains etc. mix the water absorption rate that non-water-absorbing material purpose is to regulate absorbent material (222) in the water-absorbing material].

3, absorbent material (222) is for having absorptive part (as Figure 110-112,115-118) in the storage drainage arrangement (221).Storage drainage arrangement (221):

1, storage drainage arrangement (221) is sidewall and the geometry of bottom formation or the groove shape thing (2210) (as Figure 39-41) of non-geometry; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is plane (as Figure 39) or one (bar) is arranged or the projection (as Figure 40) of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry or groove (as Figure 41) [projection or the groove of groove shape thing bottom help the water in the basic unit (1) to drain fast]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on roofing, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) to basic unit (1) from the slit between groove shape thing], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178,179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

2, storage drainage arrangement (221) has the plate object (as Figure 42-44) of one or more geometry or non-geometry depression for the surface; The bottom surface of plate object is plane (as Figure 42) or one (bar) is arranged or the projection (as Figure 43) of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry or groove (as Figure 44) [projection of plate object bottom or projection or groove help the water in the basic unit (1) to drain fast]; Imporosity on the plate face of the lands of plate object (as Figure 42,44) or have a hole (as Figure 43) at least [hole is hole or slit, hole on the plate object or slit help the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit, and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-177) or buckle connection (as Figure 180-182) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

3, storage drainage arrangement (221) is for there being the groove shape thing (2210) (as Figure 45-48) [as shown in figure 48, acting as of the demarcation strip in the cavity is evenly distributed when the water that keeps in the groove shape thing is placed] of one or more unidirectional or staggered demarcation strip (piece) (2212) in the cavity on the roofing that tilts a little; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is plane (as Figure 45) or one (bar) is arranged or the projection (as Figure 47) of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry or groove (as Figure 46) [projection or the groove of groove shape thing bottom help the water in the basic unit (1) to drain fast]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178,179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

4, store up the groove shape thing (2210) (as Figure 49-51) that drainage arrangement (221) raises up for the thrust (2215) that one (bar) or a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry are arranged in the cavity; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is plane (as Figure 49) or one (bar) is arranged or the projection (as Figure 50,51) of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry or groove [projection or the groove of groove shape thing bottom help the water in the basic unit (1) to drain fast]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178,179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

5, storage drainage arrangement (221) for the bottom with how much or the groove shape thing (2210) (as Figure 52-58) that upwards arches upward of the thrust (2215) of non-geometry; Imporosity (as Figure 53,57,58) or have a hole (as Figure 52,54-56) at least [hole is hole or slit on the plate face of the upwards arched part of groove shape thing (2210), hole on the plate object or slit help the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit (1), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178-179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

6, storage drainage arrangement (221) be to the plate object (as Figure 59-63) of lower recess with geometry or non-geometry; The water-accumulating body that plate object is recessed to form downwards (2214) is for independently individual (as Figure 132) or have dowel (2213) will adjacent water-accumulating body (2214) to interconnect (as Figure 133) [dowel act as load intensity of strengthening plate object], and described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate object (as Figure 126) or the plate object (as Figure 130,131) that the space is arranged; On the plate face of the lands of plate object imporosity (as Figure 59) or have a hole (as Figure 60,63) at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case (as Figure 61,62) that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty pattern purpose all are that the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit, and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183-188) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-182).

7, storage drainage arrangement (221) be or with how much or the concavo-convex up and down or reciprocal concavo-convex plate object (as Figure 64-66) of non-geometry; Plate object up and down or the water-accumulating body of reciprocal concavo-convex formation (2214) or/and thrust (2215) for independently individual (as Figure 132,134) or have dowel (2213) with adjacent water-accumulating body (2214) or/and thrust (2215) interconnects (as Figure 133,135) [reinforcement act as load intensity of strengthening plate object], described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate object (as Figure 126) or the plate object (as Figure 130,131) that the space is arranged; Imporosity (as Figure 64) or have a hole (as Figure 65) at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case (as Figure 66) that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty pattern purpose all are that the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit (1), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space] on the plate face of the part that raises up of plate object; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183-188) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-182).

8, storage drainage arrangement (221) is for crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form thrust (2215) and the bar plate object of water-accumulating body (2214) groove (as Figure 67-72); Imporosity on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object (as Figure 69-72) or have a hole at least (as Figure 67,68) [hole is hole or slit, hole on the plate object or slit help the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit, and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space], dividing plate (2212) is arranged in the groove of plate object, and [the moisture section shutoff that the acting as of dividing plate will store is in water-accumulating body (2214), as shown in figure 48, after dividing plate was with the moisture section, water storage evenly distributed in the drainage arrangement even also can guarantee to store up on sloped roof] there is plugging material (2211) (as Figure 72) termination of (as Figure 68-71) or plate object [plugging material is generally plastics, rubber]; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the bar plate object is adjacent bar plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183,184) or buckle connects (as Figure 178-180).

9, storage drainage arrangement (221) is the bar plate object (as Figure 74-79) that base plate or dividing plate and bending or the arch bar that is folded into geometry or non-geometry constitute for section; [hole is hole or slit to have a hole on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object at least, the storage area that hole on the plate object or slit will be stored up on the drainage arrangement (221) is communicated with absorbent material (222), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is plugging material (2211) (as Figure 73) [plugging material is generally plastics, rubber] termination of plate object; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the bar plate object is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183,184) or buckle connects (as Figure 178-180).

10, storage drainage arrangement (221) is the complex (as Figure 80-82) that crooked (as Figure 82) or the plate object that folds how much of (as Figure 81) one-tenth or non-geometry place groove shape thing (2210) formation; Plate object the plate face on imporosity (as Figure 82) or have a hole (as Figure 81) at least [hole is hole or slit, the storage area that hole on the plate object or slit will be stored up on the drainage arrangement (221) is communicated with absorbent material (222), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178,179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

11, storage drainage arrangement (221) is the convex of geometry or non-geometry or the complex that places groove shape thing (2210) formation to the plate object of recessed (as Figure 83-85) or concavo-convex up and down (as Figure 86,87) or back and forth concavo-convex (as Figure 88); Imporosity or have a hole (as Figure 84,86-88) at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case (as Figure 85) that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty graph case purpose are that the storage area on will storage drainage arrangement (221) is communicated with absorbent material (222), and air can be entered by the space plant layer (3)] on the plate face of plate object; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 177,178) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

12, storage drainage arrangement (221) is positioned over the complex (as Figure 110-112) that constitutes in the groove shape thing (2210) for absorptive plate object, and its plate object upper surface is or/and lower surface is plane or the protrusion (2215) (as Figure 111,112) that geometry or non-geometry are arranged; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case (as Figure 110,112) that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty graph case purpose are that the storage area on will storage drainage arrangement (221) is communicated with absorbent material (222), and air can be entered by the space plant layer (3)] on the plate face of plate object; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding.

13, storage drainage arrangement (221) is fixed in the complex that forms on the plate object of geometry or non-geometry for absorbent material (222), and this complex places groove shape thing (2210) (as Figure 115-118); Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty graph case purpose are that the storage area on will storage drainage arrangement (221) is communicated with absorbent material (222), and air can be entered by the space plant layer (3)] on the plate face of plate object; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding.

14, storage drainage arrangement (221) be the face tablet with the complex (as Figure 89,90) of fiber or granular substance parcel formation, and described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.[this storage drainage arrangement is similar to the water guide material (222) (as Figure 27,28) of composite construction, and its function is also similar, just not suction from tank (214)].

15, storage drainage arrangement (221) is divided into the tilting blanket (as Figure 91-96) of upper, middle and lower three-decker for section, the upper strata of tilting blanket is the hydrophilic or hydrophobic face tablet (2216) of single or multiple lift, bottom is the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift, the middle level is that the fibrous face tablet of strong absorptive of single or multiple lift is (as Figure 91,92), or the mixture (as Figure 93-96) of the fiber agglomerate of strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219), described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.

16, storage drainage arrangement (221) is filled in (as Figure 97-100) in the groove shape thing (2210) for the mixture of the fiber agglomerate of the fibrous face tablet of some strong absorptives or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219), imporosity or have a hole [fiber or granular materials in bottom surface and the sidewall imporosity groove shape thing play the effect of absorbent material (222)] at least bottom the groove shape thing (2210) and/or on the plate face of sidewall; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178,179) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

17, the plate object (as Figure 101,102) of the geometry made for the fiber agglomerate of the fibrous face tablet of some strong absorptives or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and the mixture of weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219) of storage drainage arrangement (221) or non-geometry [by the material self structure or add bonding agent, dowel, be connected mode such as net and make loose material plate-like]; There is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-177) or buckle connection (as Figure 181,183) or bonding for the tenon riveting.

18, storage drainage arrangement (221) becomes the thrust of geometry or non-geometry for there are bending (as Figure 104) or folding (as Figure 103) in the surface that is used for sloped roof, the section bending fold becomes how much or non-geometry and form thrust (2215) and the plate object of water-accumulating body (2214) groove (as Figure 108,109), there is not connector between plate object and the plate object or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 185-188) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-182).

19, storage drainage arrangement (221) for be continue in all directions or two sides are continuous many intersect or the plate objects of a plurality of water-accumulating bodies (2214) formation that disjoint dowel (2213) connects, plate object is latticed (as Figure 119-125); Described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate body (as Figure 126,127) or pertusate plate body (as Figure 130,131); Described water-accumulating body is the cup or the groove shape thing of geometry or non-geometry; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof] at least, described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 185-187) or buckle connects (as Figure 178-180).

20, storage drainage arrangement (221) places groove shape thing (2210) for non-water imbibition plate object or goes up (as Figure 110-114) [this storage drainage arrangement (221) utilizes modes such as the transpiration of water and root system of plant pierce in its water reserve to keep the skin wet to plant]; The plate object bottom does not have (as Figure 113,114) or feet (as Figure 110,111,112) [purpose of feet is to increase the intensity of plate object, is unlikely to crooked when pressurized, comes off] is arranged; Have on the plate face of plate object to have a hole (as Figure 113) at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty graph case purpose are to allow root system of plant pierce the storage area, and aqueous vapor, air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space]; There is not connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or has a connector at least that [the connector purpose between the groove shape thing is adjacent groove shape thing is linked as integral body on the roof, cause the destruction of root system of plant to avoid plant growth medium (31) to enter basic unit (1) from the slit to basic unit (1)], described connector connects (as Figure 167-176) or buckle connection (as Figure 178-180) or bonding for the falcon riveting.

21, storage drainage arrangement (221) continues in all directions or the groove shape thing (as Figure 136-137) of the saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous for hole being arranged or being, or hole is arranged or be and continue in all directions or the plate object (as Figure 138-141) of the saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous, or grid-like thing (as Figure 144), or the stratiform deposit is (as Figure 142,143), or the net (as Figure 145) that thickness is arranged place the complex that constitutes on the water-absorbing material [this storage drainage arrangement (221) utilize the transpiration of water and/or root system of plant pierce absorbent material directly mode such as suction keep the skin wet to plant.Adopt plant growth medium (31) or absorbent material (222) directly from storage drainage arrangement (221) suction easily cause the moisture content of plantation layer (3) too high, and very fast the water consumption that stores is fallen, when arid arrives, can only lean on modes such as water guide material (215) or pouring to replenish.What this storage drainage arrangement (221) adopted is, at ordinary times by plant growth medium (31) self water storage, needs most time the water during to high temperature and drought etc., additional to plant by transpiration; Secondly, pertusate plate object or grid-like thing etc. are set up the air layer of a circulation of air on water-absorbing material, ensure plant root compression ring border.Water guide material 215 places storage drainage arrangement (221) top to contact (water charging system when plant needs water (21) is just opened) with plantation layer (3) or absorbent material (222), or with the storage drainage arrangement (221) water-absorbing material contact, constantly replenish by the rising moisture that falls or siphoned away by root system of plant], described groove shape thing is the geometry that constitutes of sidewall and bottom or the groove shape thing (as Figure 39-41) of non-geometry, or the bottom raises up (as Figure 45-51 with the thrust (2215) of how much or non-geometry, 136) or arch upward (as Figure 52-58,137) groove shape thing; Described plate object is the tabular thing, or there is the plate object (as Figure 59-62,138) of one or more geometry or non-geometry depression on the surface, with how much or non-geometry to the plate object (as Figure 150,151) of upper process, or it is with how much or non-geometry is concavo-convex up and down or reciprocal concavo-convex plate object (as Figure 63-66,139,140), or crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form thrust and the bar plate object of groove (as Figure 141); Described stratiform deposit is that bar (as Figure 142) or particle (as Figure 143) are pressed the certain thickness tiling; Described water-absorbing material is that the deposit of organic [as the peat composed of rotten mosses] or inorfil [as mineral wool, asbestos] or tilting blanket or fiber or fabric wrap up absorptive granular materials (as Figure 89,90) or granular materials and be attached to the compound that (as Figure 160) constitutes on fiber or the fabric.Drainage arrangement (223):

1, drainage arrangement (223) is the stratiform deposit (as Figure 146) [as hydrophobic foam plastics, cobblestone etc.] of hydrophobicity or weak absorptive granular materials, and described stratiform deposit is that material is pressed the certain thickness tiling.

2, drainage arrangement (223) has the plate object (as Figure 146) [as the hydrophobic foam plastics etc.] of hole [space is cavity or slit, and purpose is for allowing water therefrom flow away] for hydrophobicity or the bonding one-tenth of weak absorptive granular materials; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 185-187) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-182).

3, drainage arrangement (223) has the plate object (as Figure 148,149) of geometry or non-geometry projection for the bottom surface; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty pattern purpose all are that the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit (1), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space] on the plate face of the non-bossing of plate object; The thrust that plate object convexes to form downwards (2215) is for independently individual (as Figure 134) or have dowel (2213) (as Figure 135) adjacent thrust (2215) to be interconnected [dowel act as the load intensity of strengthening plate object], and described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate object (as Figure 126,127) or the plate object (as Figure 130,131) that the space is arranged.

4, drainage arrangement (223) has plate object (as Figure 150,151) with the thrust (2215) of geometry or non-geometry projection for the surface, imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of plate object bossing; Plate object raises up the thrust (2215) that forms for independently individual (as Figure 134) or there is dowel (2213) (as Figure 135) adjacent thrust (2215) to be interconnected [dowel act as the load intensity of strengthening plate object], and described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate object (as Figure 126,127) or the plate object (as Figure 130,131) that the space is arranged.

5, drainage arrangement (223) is the plate object (as Figure 152,153) that respectively there are geometry or non-geometry projection in upper surface and bottom surface, and [water that is beneficial in the plantation layer that is raised with of plate object upper surface is discharged fast; The water that is beneficial in the basic unit (1) that is raised with of lower surface is drained fast] imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case (as Figure 152) [hole on the plate object, slit, saturating empty pattern purpose all are that the unnecessary water that plantation layer (3) oozes out is arranged fast to basic unit (1), and air can be entered plantation layer (3) by the space] that two sides are continuous on the plate face of the non-bossing of plate object; The thrust that plate object convexes to form up and/or down (2215) is for independently individual (as Figure 132,134) or have dowel (2213) (as Figure 133,135) that adjacent thrust (2215) is interconnected, and described dowel (2213) is column (as Figure 128,129) or plate object (as Figure 126,127) or the plate object (as Figure 130,131) that the space is arranged; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector [the connector purpose between the plate object is adjacent plate object is linked as integral body on the roof] at least, described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183-188) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-180).

6, drainage arrangement (223) is empty grid-like thing (as Figure 154).

7, drainage arrangement (223) is for there being the net (as Figure 155) of thickness.

8, drainage arrangement (223) is the orderly or unordered accumulation stratiform thing or the braid (as Figure 156) [as the bar of plastics, pottery, glass etc.] of bar.

9, the tilting blanket (as Figure 160) that constitutes on the fibre object for particle is attached to of drainage arrangement (223).

10, drainage arrangement (223) is hydrophobicity or weak absorptive fibrous material stratiform deposit or face tablet; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.

11, drainage arrangement (223) is divided into the tilting blanket (as Figure 161,162) of double-layer structure up and down for section, and the upper and lower of tilting blanket are the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.

12, drainage arrangement (223) is divided into the plate object (as Figure 158,159) of double-layer structure up and down for section, the lower floor of plate object is rigidity or flexible plate object, the upper strata is to be attached to the stratiform deposit of the bar on the plate object or stratiform deposit or Web materials or the tilting blanket or the fabric of particle, and described plate object bottom is plane or male and fomale(M﹠F).

13, the tilting blanket (as Figure 163,164) that is divided into the upper, middle and lower three-decker for section, the upper strata of tilting blanket and bottom are the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift, the middle level be hydrophobic face tablet or hydrophobic particle or/and bulk or/and fibrous material, described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.

14 or crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form the bar plate object (as Figure 165,166) of thrust (2215) and groove; Imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects (as Figure 183-188) or buckle connects (as Figure 177-180).

Plantation layer (3)

Plantation layer (3):

Plantation layer (3) is plant growth medium (31); Or plant growth medium (31) and the composite interstitial substance (32) that places its bottom or base or one or more members with specific function on it to form, described specific function member comprises filtering material (321), matrix anchoring material (322) (as Figure 36).

Plant growth medium (31):

Plant growth medium (31) has soil matrix matter or a soilless substrate for what the single or multiple material of different-grain diameter mixed (as Figure 35), and described soil matrix matter is arranged is soil; Described soilless substrate is non-soil class plant growth medium.

Filtering material (321):

Filtering material (321) for place plant growth medium (31) bottom or organic [as rice husk, coir fibre, agricultural crop straw etc.] or the stratiform deposit or the face tablet of inorganic fibers (as Figure 36) [as geotextiles, fiber cloth, glass cloth etc.], described stratiform deposit is material to be pressed certain thickness tile; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged.

Matrix anchoring material (322):

Matrix anchoring material (322) is for placing the reticulated (as Figure 37,38) [as sunshade net, window screen cloth, grid cloth etc.] on plant growth medium (31) surface (as Figure 36).

Claims

1, a kind of structure of roof greening it comprise basic unit (1), moisturizing device (2) and plantation layer (3), described plantation layer (3) places in the basic unit (1), it is characterized in that:

Place between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3), and the moisturizing device (2) that partly contacts with plantation layer (3).

2, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described basic unit (1) is the floor on building roof; or for the building roof floor slab with one or more materials that shield placed on it or/and the techonosphere that structure constitutes, the described material that shields or/and structure comprise waterproof material (11), insulation material (12), anti-root system penetrable material (13), prevent plant growth medium slide device (14).

3, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and storage water system (22), and described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215); Described storage water system (22) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222), feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), the other end feeds in the tank (214), and it is last or terminal that water control device (213) is positioned at feed pipe (212); Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contacts or contact or place with absorbent material (222) water-accumulating body (2214) with plantation layer (3); Absorbent material (222) place storage drainage arrangement (221) go up or in, and contact with plantation layer (3),

Described tank or water main (211) are the water pipe that places the pond on roof or hydraulic pressure is arranged, and special water charging system is arranged, and can guarantee the long-term device that supplies water;

Described water control device (213) is for being positioned on the feed pipe or the terminal artificial or/and valve of opening (2131) automatically, and the valve of described automatic unlatching is for placing a casing or the ball-cock assembly of tank (214) or the valving of intelligent opening;

Described tank (214) for be distributed in the plantation layer (3) or one or more parallel connections at edge or/and polyphone places groove shape or tubulose or container-like thing in the basic unit (1); Or the groove shape body that is recessed to form of basic unit (1);

Described water guide material (215) immerses in the tank (214) for part, and part contacts or contact with absorbent material (222) or place water-accumulating body (2214) with plantation layer (3), have absorptive fiber or fibrous face tablet; Or the face tablet of the mixture of hygroscopicity fibre and hydrophobic fibre or composite fibre; Or face tablet complex that fiber or granular substance parcel is constituted, described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or tympan or the net that hole is arranged;

Described storage drainage arrangement (221) has plate object or block or the groove shape thing or the tilting blanket at the position of the cavity of a carrying liquid or storaging liquid at least for placing in the basic unit (1) one or more;

Described absorbent material (222) is for placing storage drainage arrangement (221) or plant growth medium (31) placed on it; Or contact with plantation layer (3) have absorptive granular materials or/and fibrous material or board-like material, or have water imbibition and non-absorptive granular materials or/and the mixture of fibrous material; Or has absorptive part in the storage drainage arrangement (221).

4, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described moisturizing device (2) comprises water charging system (21) and drainage arrangement (223), described water charging system (21) comprises tank or water main (211), feed pipe (212), water control device (213), tank (214), water guide material (215)

Feed pipe (212) one ends are communicated with tank or water main (211), and the other end feeds in the tank (214), and water control device (213) places feed pipe (212) last or terminal; Water guide material (215) part immerses in the tank (214), and part contacts with plantation layer (3) or places under the drainage arrangement (223); Drainage arrangement (223) places between basic unit (1) and the plantation layer (3);

Described water guide material (215) immerses in the tank (214) for part, and part contacts with plantation layer (3) or places under the drainage arrangement (223), has absorptive fiber or fibrous face tablet; Or the face tablet of the mixture of hygroscopicity fibre and hydrophobic fibre or composite fibre; Or face tablet complex that fiber or granular substance parcel is constituted, described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or tympan or the net that hole is arranged;

Described drainage arrangement (223) is for placing net or plate object or the tilting blanket or the particle of the hydrophobic or draining in the basic unit (1).

5, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221), absorbent material (222), irrigation rig (224),

Storage drainage arrangement (221) places in the basic unit (1); Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or on, and contact with plantation layer (3); Irrigation rig (223) one ends are communicated with the water source, the other end place near the afforested areas or in; Or branch is distributed in the plantation layer (3) with parallel connection or serial arrangement or overhead;

Described irrigation rig (224) is sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation or microspray irrigation or fine-spraying belt slight irrigation or infiltrating irrigation artificial or control automatically;

6, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Described moisturizing device (2) comprises storage drainage arrangement (221) and absorbent material (222);

Storage drainage arrangement (221) places basic unit (on 10; Absorbent material (222) place the storage drainage arrangement or/and on, and contact with plantation layer (3);

7, the structure of roof greening according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Described plantation layer (3) is plant growth medium (31); Or plant growth medium (31) and the composite interstitial substance (32) that places its bottom or one or more materials with specific function wherein or on it to form, the material of described specific function comprises filtering material (321), matrix anchoring material (322),

Described plant growth medium (31) has soil matrix matter or a soilless substrate for what the single or multiple material of different-grain diameter mixed, and described soil matrix matter is arranged is soil; Described soilless substrate is non-soil class plant growth medium;

Described filtering material (321) for place plant growth medium (31) bottom or the stratiform deposit or the face tablet of organic or inorganic fibrous material, described stratiform deposit is material to be pressed certain thickness tile; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Described matrix anchoring material (322) is for placing the reticulated on plant growth medium (31) surface.

8, the structure of roof greening according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described storage drainage arrangement (221) is sidewall and the geometry of bottom formation or the groove shape thing (2210) of non-geometry; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is the plane or one (bar) is arranged or the projection or the groove of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or there is the plate object of one or more geometry or non-geometry depression on the surface; The bottom surface of plate object is the plane or one (bar) is arranged or the projection or the groove of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry; Imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of the lands of plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or the groove shape thing (2210) of one or more unidirectional or staggered demarcation strip (piece) (2212) arranged in the cavity; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is the plane or one (bar) is arranged or the projection or the groove of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or the groove shape thing (2210) that raises up of the thrust (2215) that (bar) or a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry are arranged in the cavity; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is the plane or one (bar) is arranged or the projection or the groove of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or the bottom is with how much or the groove shape thing (2210) that upwards arches upward of the thrust (2215) of non-geometry; Imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of the upwards arched part of groove shape thing (2210); Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

With how much or non-geometry to the plate object of lower recess; The water-accumulating body that plate object is recessed to form downwards (2214) is independently individual or has dowel (2213) that adjacent water-accumulating body (2214) is interconnected that described dowel (2213) is column or plate object or the plate object that the space is arranged; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of the lands of plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or with how much or the concavo-convex up and down or reciprocal concavo-convex plate object of non-geometry; Plate object up and down or the water-accumulating body of reciprocal concavo-convex formation (2214) or/and thrust (2215) for independently individual or have dowel (2213) with adjacent water-accumulating body (2214) or/and thrust (2215) interconnects, described dowel (2213) is column or plate object or the plate object that the space is arranged; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of the part that raises up of plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or it is crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form thrust (2215) and the bar plate object of water-accumulating body (2214) groove; Imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object has the termination of dividing plate (2212) or plate object that plugging material (2211) is arranged in the groove of plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or section is the bar plate object that base plate or dividing plate and bending or the arch bar that is folded into geometry or non-geometry constitute; Have a hole on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object at least, there is plugging material (2211) termination of plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or it is crooked or be folded into how much or the plate object of non-geometry places the complex of groove shape thing (2210) formation; Plate object the plate face on imporosity or have a hole at least; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

How much or non-geometry convex or to recessed or concavo-convex up and down or back and forth concavo-convex plate object place the complex of groove shape thing (2210) formation; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of plate object; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or absorptive plate object is positioned over the complex that constitutes in the groove shape thing (2210), its plate object upper surface or/and lower surface be the plane or have how much or the protrusion (2215) of non-geometry; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of plate object; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Absorbent material (222) be fixed in how much or the plate object of non-geometry on the complex that forms, this complex places groove shape thing (2210); Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of plate object; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or face tablet complex that fiber or granular substance parcel is constituted, described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Or section is divided into the tilting blanket of upper, middle and lower three-decker, the upper strata of tilting blanket is the hydrophilic or hydrophobic face tablet (2216) of single or multiple lift, bottom is the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift, the middle level is the fiber agglomerate of the fibrous face tablet of strong absorptive of single or multiple lift or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and the mixture of weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219), and described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Or the mixture of the fiber agglomerate of the face tablet of some strong absorptives or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219) is filled in the groove shape thing (2210), imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of groove shape thing (2210) bottom and/or sidewall; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the net that thickness is arranged;

Or the geometry made of the fiber agglomerate of the face tablet of some strong absorptives or strong absorptive and/or granular materials (2218) and the mixture of weak water imbibition or hydrophobic agglomerate and/or granular materials (2219) or the plate object of non-geometry; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the net that thickness is arranged;

Or there is bending on the surface that is used for sloped roof or is folded into how much or the thrust of non-geometry or the section bending fold becomes how much or non-geometry and form thrust (2215) and the plate object of water-accumulating body (2214) groove, do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Be continue in all directions or two sides are continuous many intersect or plate objects that a plurality of water-accumulating bodies (2214) that disjoint dowel (2213) connects constitute, it is latticed that plate object is; Described dowel (2213) is column or plate body or pertusate plate body; Described water-accumulating body is the cup or the groove shape thing of geometry or non-geometry; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Non-water imbibition plate object place groove shape thing (2210) or on; Plate object bottom is not or feet arranged; Have on the plate face of plate object to have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is falcon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Or hole is arranged or be and continue in all directions or the groove shape thing of the saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous or hole is arranged or be and continue in all directions or plate object or the grid-like thing or the stratiform deposit of the saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous or have the net of thickness to place water-accumulating body (2214) to go up the complex that constitutes, described groove shape thing is the geometry that constitutes of sidewall and bottom or the groove shape thing of non-geometry, or the bottom groove shape thing that raises up or arch upward with the thrust (2215) of how much or non-geometry; Described plate object is the tabular thing, or there is the plate object of one or more geometry or non-geometry depression on the surface, with how much or non-geometry to the plate object of upper process, or it is with how much or non-geometry is concavo-convex up and down or reciprocal concavo-convex plate object, or crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form thrust and the bar plate object of groove; Described stratiform deposit is that bar or particle tile by certain thickness; Described water-accumulating body (2214) is for the deposit of organic or inorganic fiber or tilting blanket or fiber or absorptive granular materials is wrapped up fabric or granular materials is attached to the compound that constitutes on fiber or the fabric.

9, the structure of roof greening according to claim 4 is characterized in that; Described drainage arrangement (223) is the stratiform deposit of hydrophobicity or weak absorptive granular materials, and described stratiform deposit is that material is pressed the certain thickness tiling;

Or hydrophobicity or the bonding one-tenth of weak absorptive granular materials have the plate object of hole; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or the bottom surface has how much or the plate object of non-geometry projection; Imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of the non-bossing of plate object; The thrust that plate object convexes to form downwards (2215) is independently individual or has dowel (2213) that adjacent thrust (2215) is interconnected that described dowel (2213) is column or plate object or the plate object that the space is arranged;

Or there is the plate object with the thrust (2215) of geometry or non-geometry projection on the surface, imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of plate object bossing; Plate object raises up the thrust (2215) that forms for independently individual or have dowel (2213) that adjacent thrust (2215) is interconnected, and described dowel (2213) is column or plate object or the plate object that the space is arranged;

Or upper surface and bottom surface respectively have how much or the plate object of non-geometry projection, imporosity or have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous on the plate face of the non-bossing of plate object; The thrust that plate object convexes to form up and/or down (2215) is independently individual or has dowel (2213) that adjacent thrust (2215) is interconnected that described dowel (2213) is column or plate object or the plate object that the space is arranged; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects;

Or saturating empty grid-like thing;

Or the net of thickness arranged;

Or the orderly or unordered accumulation stratiform thing or the braid of bar;

Or particle is attached to the tilting blanket that constitutes on the fibre object;

Or be hydrophobicity or weak absorptive fibrous material stratiform deposit or face tablet; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Or for section is divided into the tilting blanket of double-layer structure up and down, the upper and lower of tilting blanket are the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift; Described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Or be divided into the up and down plate object of double-layer structure for section, the lower floor of plate object is rigidity or flexible plate object, the upper strata is to be attached to the stratiform deposit of the bar on the plate object or stratiform deposit or Web materials or the tilting blanket or the fabric of particle, and described plate object bottom is plane or male and fomale(M﹠F);

Or be divided into the tilting blanket of upper, middle and lower three-decker for section, the upper strata of tilting blanket and bottom are the hydrophobic face tablet (2217) of single or multiple lift, the middle level be hydrophobic face tablet or hydrophobic particle or/and bulk or/and fibrous material, described tablet is fabric or nonwoven or tilting blanket or the tympan of hole arranged or the net of thickness is arranged;

Or it is crooked or be folded into how much or non-geometry and form the bar plate object of thrust (2215) and groove; Imporosity or have a hole at least on the plate face of the arched part of bar plate object; Do not have connector between plate object and the plate object or have a connector at least, described connector is that hasp connects or buckle connects.

10, according to the structure of claim 5 or 6 described roof greenings, it is characterized in that; Described storage drainage arrangement (221) is sidewall and the geometry of bottom formation or the groove shape thing (2210) of non-geometry; The bottom surface of groove shape thing (2210) is the plane or one (bar) is arranged or the projection or the groove of a plurality of (bar) how much or non-geometry; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is tenon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding;

Non-water imbibition plate object place groove shape thing (2210) or on; Plate object bottom is not or feet arranged; Have on the plate face of plate object to have a hole at least or be and continue in all directions or saturating empty graph case that two sides are continuous; Do not have connector between groove shape thing (2210) and the groove shape thing (2210) or have a connector at least, described connector is falcon riveting connection or buckle connection or bonding.