CN101919341A - Soil beds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a soil bed, also referred to as a dug trench, wherein a waterproof layer is provided. Raw organic wasted materials are filled in the trench so that gaps are also maintained therein. Soil is then introduced to cover the raw organic wasted materials and guides water to the lining layer or the waterproof layer where a water reservoir is built. The soil bed can be located at the horizontal line or be raised to be above the horizontal line. If plural soil beds are to be built, the soil beds can be arranged in cascade connections so that overflowed water from one water reservoir can be guided to a lower-located soil bed. The soil bed of the invention can be made in soilless environment, for instance, at a balcony or in a container in a yard. The bottom of water reservoir is arranged with a punching pipe, the end part of which rises and appears in a U shape. Worms and fungal contained soil help to capture carbons. Soil beds arranged in dry areas can also be provided with inclined extended objects corresponding to the lining layer. The inclined extended objects are disposed higher than the trenches so that permeated raindrops can be guided into the trenches.

Description

Soil beds

Technical field

The present invention relates to make method that water irrigates, use the system of irrigating breeding plant, the recycling of waste organic substance to be to improve soil quality and be used for that carbon is embedded into soil and to reduce the method for big gas carbon, to utilize the method for waste water and be used for a complete set of equipment of the described system of assisting building again.

Background technology

In the irrigation water of routine, will evaporate rapidly near any water on surface, thereby a certain proportion of irrigation water will be because of evaporation loss, when especially only applying a small amount of irrigation.This can be reduced by applying bigger irrigation, yet any water that passes the root district is with relative plant loss and can cause underground water and river system pollutes.

If there is underground impervious clay layer, then permeability water passes soil settlement and forms the underground pond of anelasticity eutrophic water.That this pond can become anaerobism and be still suppress plant growing the corruptibility dirt.Root needs air and water, best result be water during permeating, occupy in the soil air space and when water enters lower position this space fill air again.

Summary of the invention

The method of subsurface irrigation comprises the excavation groove, with waterproof lining lining cutting groove, fills the groove of lining at least in part with the primary organic waste that produces hole, covers this discarded object with the soil of intention support plant and adds water to this underground organic waste with adding.By photosynthesis produce and thereby to have contained the organic waste of the atmospheric carbon dioxide of catching awash, and under half anaerobic condition with anaerobic bacteria and fungi decompose lentamente with the soil fusion, thereby the method for carbon is caught in formation from atmosphere.Thereby the lignin in the primary organic waste is suppressed the quick fraction that enters carbon cycle, and it is utilized the extensive mycelia that locks carbon with growth by fungi on the contrary.In the lignin some piled synthetic long chain cellulose derivative lentamente.Plant, bacterium and fungi are intercepted and captured big gas carbon with the amount of about 30 times of carbon amounts in the manual emission thing.

If will make up protruding soil beds, groove 200-300mm deeply then, as if the ground level bed that need be used for orchard or commercial operation, groove 600-800mm deeply then.The yardstick of groove depends on desired use.If lining only upwards partly extends along groove side surface, then the soil on the groove two sides will be wetting because of core sucting action.

Discarded object can be as being primary from the branch of the discarded wood chip of outskirts of a town covering and factory and weeds, and the discarded wood chip of wherein said outskirts of a town covering and factory has irregularly shaped, thereby is not deposited in together, thereby produces huge voids content.This saturated primary gathering materials can be improved water-holding capacity until reaching 5 times of water-holding capacity to the conventional soil with the round particle that is in field capacity.Organic substrate causes that water makes progress wicking to the soil that is covered.Also can use inorganic material such as sand or gravel to gather materials, but effective like that not as organic substrate aspect its core sucting action.

Carry out if irrigate,, then can catch extra water by this method if this lining extends beyond groove as only being lower than horizontal inclination costa colpi in the rare area of rainfall.By this way, rainwater infiltration downwards enters groove until its contact lining extension and because of gravity.Can utilize groove whole costa colpis on every side by this way, but this more multiplex (MUX) that need prepare on-the-spot and insolation level aspect does, and can be collected in the groove to guarantee water.The result is usually because of can be dead in the dry season dead scope of plant above groove.They accept from the water of underground storage at and more likely tide over to be interrupted to survive dry season.

Some are being arranged but in the commercial operation that insufficient water can be used for irrigating, can give the water that groove is regularly stored by before adding primary organic waste, in groove, laying pipe.Agricultural pipe with flexible structure of a plurality of perforation is suitable, yet it is littler only to have the pipe possibility of jamming of narrow slit at base portion.Usefully essentially horizontally lay this pipe, raise end simultaneously, terminate in or just horizontal line above Ground, thereby when giving the big water gaging of lining, can check water level.Water is retrained motionless by lining and forms underground pond, and the organic waste that its most of volume is soaked occupies.If this bed has sprayed by water or flood irrigation is wetting, then the evaporation from this occupies the sub-fraction that originally will evaporate.

If seek quickness speed growth (as being used to cultivate vegetables) and night root temperature be important, then irrigation method may be included in and build up soil horizon on the primary waste material layer to form the projection bed on projecting soil water plane.The projection bed is useful especially in the area that easily meets with wet condition or flood.As make substituting of wicking bed in the soil, whole system can be closed in chest or other suitable vessels.

Can improve rising or be in horizontal edaphic porosity by the earthworm of adding adequate types.To in this bed, dig a hole and produce spongy tissue as the search for food Amyuthus species worm of worm of large-scale depths.This improves permeability and helps CO ₂Catch.

Fungi also can be improved soil quality by forming inflatable structure, and the carbonic acid gas of fungi decomposed substance discharging than the aerobic bacteria discharging still less.

Surface tension causes that stretching keeps a certain amount of moisture to soil to antigravity.Pulled down by gravity than the water in the macropore, and wherein the water in the higher aperture of surface tension can be resisted gravity.

The aequum of the water that keeps in the soil is called field capacity, and it changes significantly according to the aperture.The aperture is more little, can keep many more water; Thereby the water that clay keeps is many more than sand.

On the other hand, plant is had to from soil extraction water and again, the aperture is more little, and plant is difficult to extract water more.Wilting moisture determines this lower limit, and the difference between field capacity and the wilting moisture (ready-to-use water) generally can not change between soil types so bigly and 10% order of magnitude normally.

The wicking bed uses water impermeable barrier to form underground pond or cistern.In this pond, soil is saturated, and for example all Kong Jun is full of water.Although macropore does not normally have water, yet they are full of water now.Have weak capillary this water in these macropores and can make progress wicking with the soil above the moistening pond because of capillary effect easily now.

The soil here is not saturated, but moist, the moisture of top, pond progressively reduces simultaneously.The water about 300mm of wicking that generally will make progress, after this surface tension can not further promote water again.Plant needs the combination of soil air and water, thereby always has such degree: it just in time has the air that is suitable for maximum growth and the correct combination of water.

If it is primary having wide-aperture medium in the pond, then the running of wicking bed is best, usually uses organic waste matter, because when it is saturated, it can hold big water gaging, and this organic substance is passed in wicking but permission water makes progress.The wicking bed can have two district's bands, has the pond of macropore itself and has the more upper layers of aperture.

Must incorporate drainage system into any unnecessary water of venting, thus the time that the soil of this top can saturated any length.The special effective ways of guaranteeing draining are that the vitellarium, top is closed in porous media such as the casement.The huge area that this provides water when raining heavyly therefrom to leave, and allow air to infiltrate soil under normal operation.The permeable membrane that is used for sealing soil can be to be higher than the form of normal horizontal projection bed or the top of wicking case as shown in the drawing.

In one form, porous media is placed in channel bottom to flow along groove to allow water, this porous media can be conventional drainpipe (an agricultural pipe), but can be with being equal to stone, rock rod or any porous soil or even ready-to-use local material such as bamboo or bubble chamber film, distribute to make water spread all over wick material when needed.When using stone, suggestion covers stone with plastic tab and silts the space up to prevent soil.Transport of water and a kind of most effectual way that increases water-holding capacity are to use the container with open bottom of arbitrary form, the pipe that cracks or punch along its length as shown in the drawing.Groove soil backfill, described soil preferably contain high content of organics and earthworm excrement (the worm excreta adds ovum).Groove subsequent section or fully fill with the water that passes porous media.

Groove can be divided into horizontal component by small baffle, thus water only after first is full of just overflow go into next part.This generation guarantees to pursue the cascading of groove fills with water to produce maximum flushing action.

In second alternative form, as the alternative form that uses porous media, the surface pipe that use is had regularly spaced hole or surface pitting distributes along groove to guarantee water.

Surface tension or wicking power will make water upwards and flatly suck surrounding soil, thus near any plant irrigating.This core sucting action significantly strengthens because of use organic substance and worm excreta in soil.

The common constitution of wicking bed be in the soil certain form can storage of water container or waterproof membrane.Also can be by compressing the rich clay in the groove base portion or the cement and the earth mixture of little percentage being formed the waterproof underground container.

Input pipe can be sent water to this container, and preferably to container bottom, thereby water level rises from the bottom during filling.

The top of this container will usually be positioned at below the soil normal surface, and the following degree of depth in this surface can be 100mm usually, but can be littler or bigger to the plant of different sizes.A purpose that container is placed in lower face provides the means of draining water, makes root can not soak section any time in water.More effective draining can by the rising upper layer above Ground horizontal line can obtain by the projection bed of porous media such as casement sealing to form.

Form as an alternative can be fit into discharge pipe the side of container, makes root can not soak length any time in water thereby superfluous water can be drained.

Common application is a cascade wicking bed, thereby forms the input pipe of next bed from the discharge pipe of a bed.

In normal use, plant will by make progress from the below cistern water of wicking and grow to downwards water level root combination and near water.Preferred operation is that the surface soil drying is to prevent the evaporation of water.

For children plant in age or little seedling, expectation be when their root system is grown, to provide water near the surface.Although can provide this water by the top filling method of routine, improvement method is the temporary close discharge pipe, and water is filled this bed simultaneously, thereby floods whole soil depth.

In case flood irrigation is finished, then can open discharge pipe to drain unnecessary water.

Except breeding seed and utmost point young plant, this flood irrigation and discharge process can have tangible gardening benefit.For example, whole air are discharged in the flood irrigation of soil, and the discharge of water is drawn to fresh air in the soil.

Known plants need be supplied with oxygen and some gas that generally occurs such as carbonic acid gas and ethene to root system and serve as the inhibitor of plant growing in soil.This flood irrigation and discharge process substitute this type of gas with oxygen.

Also find some crop, the root crop (as radish, overgrown with weeds green grass or young crops etc.) that especially has spherical stem tuber will be benefited and show extra growth because of this regular flood irrigation and discharge.

Another method aspect of the present invention has proposed to improve as follows the method for soil water retention capacity, promptly by disposing water receptacle below the plant in the soil, to such an extent as to thereby soil saturation and water wicking to the plant roots and this container that can make progress can be filled by pipe, wherein said pipe guiding water is to container bottom, thereby this container is filled from the below and can be drained unnecessary water from this container, thereby the part of saturated soil section only.

Water can be discharged to supply with the soil of second strain plant below by gravity from the zone of saturation of strain plant below.Can adjust the thickness of zone of saturation by the degree of depth that changes discharge pipe.

It can be opening or sealing that water is carried into lower level discharge pipe, is intended to make the thickness of soil of filling saturated temporarily, is expelled to desired level subsequently.By this way, may wash soil, air flows into dry soil subsequently.

In case set up the zone of saturation of plant below, the water root of wicking that will make progress to the top.

In many areas, the irrigation water deficiency.Can revise this wicking bed system to catch and to amplify rainfall by adding the wing catch water or extension to wicking bed simply.For example, if the area of wing equates that with this area this effectively makes rainfall double.

This situation of amplification ratio is much bigger, because drop on only wetting surface and the water evaporation rapidly of light rain on the soil.Wing is made by impervious material such as plastic tab, coated with stone.Water no longer is absorbed, then flow to the cistern base portion downwards, and here it is protected.This has utilized otherwise the light rain wasted and the results of dew and water are piths.

Description of drawings

With reference now to accompanying drawing, one embodiment of the invention are described, in the described accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows the cascade system of the vegetables that are used to embark on journey.

Fig. 2 a-2d shows the stage that makes up the wicking bed.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram section that wicking bed epirelief is got up.

Fig. 4 is the exploded view of the ground chest of having property sack and bag inner waterproofing lining.

Fig. 5 is the wicking bed that is used to catch rainfall.

Embodiment

Dig out soil box to tableland 2, described tableland is by groove 4 drainings.Plastic containers 6,8,10 are close to step and are laid to stablize soil box and to fill with soil 12.Feed pipe 14 drips are gone into container 10, and the layer shown in making is saturated, and it is expelled to container 8 through discharge pipe 16 subsequently.Container 8 then enter container 6.Valve 18,20,22 allows operating personnel to soak into the complete degree of depth of any vessel.

Consult Fig. 2 a-2d now, bed in preparing as shown.Determine the size of bed by the groove 30 that in the toft, excavates 1500 width * 3000 length * 400 degree of depth.Black polyethylene film of cutting highly is 300mm to be placed in the groove as lining 32.The film angle is folded into the triangle capping to produce anti-pond when this lining is filled rainwater.4.5mm long agricultural pipe 34 diagonally opposing corner ground are settled along groove, end is upright as shown.Form can be made cistern by the plastics lining of making as an alternative.

The bottom of groove is backfilled to the height of 300mm and adds a collection of earthworm, its ovum and excreta subsequently again with sugarcane discarded object 36.Worm food provides with the form of kitchen castoff and covers worm with soil.To pipe water supply and water is visible in pipe.

Continue when lining is full of when irrigating, superfluous water will cover the edge of lining and enter surrounding ground.

If this bed makes up with building block or timber and is above the ground level as the projection bed, then can insert overflow pipe at proper height.Fig. 3 is presented at this multiple-hearth that the top has worm chamber 38.

Fig. 4 is presented at and has the space but under the gardenless situation as contain the chest of wicking bed in urban look.The sufficient position of sunlight is made and stood in to framework 40 by pipe and pipe joint, as balcony.

Folding a slice rectangular window cord 42 is stuck in the sack of cube frame inside with formation and edge that will this bag is layered on the frame edge, cuts out the plastics binding band 46 of narrow slit 44 with acceptance encirclement frame tube.Plastics lining 48 is positioned at this bag inside, but extends to half height of pact of this bag.Cross this lining U-shaped plastic water pipe 50 diagonally opposing corners of band spilled water hole 52 and insert, thereby by frame supported.This lining is filled with primary organic waste and is covered this discarded object with dry soil.With keeping a foothold of water impouring pipe, thereby the hole in the discarded object is full of.Superfluous water will overflow the edge of lining.The soil of lining top will be wetting and be become and be suitable as breeding bed.

Top surface will still keep dry, and evaporation can minimize.Such bed with waterborne be economical, and when the water level depression in the lining, air is inhaled into the hole in the discarded object.

Air has been replaced in the interpolation of additional water, and this circulation shows that carbonic acid gas returns atmosphere, has created the condition of catching carbon by photosynthesis fast simultaneously.

In use, multiple fibrous matter is enough to satisfy bottom.They decompose and need gradually replacement with different rates.For this reason, be useful by protecting lining to exempt from leakage as discarded blanket covering lining bottom surface with neonychium by garden tool.This ratio is subjected to the bed consumption water still less of top pouring downwards.Can be observed wicking during inspection and output is higher than mean value.Do not hinder annex solution body or solid dung and fertilizer.

Benefit is as follows:

Do not exist seepage to following soil and in fact do not exist by the water loss from evaporation of soil moisture, reason is the dried shell that forms at soil surface, and described dried shell protection water and organic substance avoid the biological active regions loss from the below humidity.Thereby when being introduced directly into surperficial lower floor, rainfall and irrigation water that waste is less, thus the obviously higher production of per unit water produced.

Surface water receptacle has down held a large amount of water, thereby only need implement to irrigate with not frequent interval.

Can easily check or easily detect by duck eye in the soil or pipe as the water level in the container under the surface by water sensor such as float valve, when surperficial container down need be filled again in decision easily, and thereby the water that only applies accurate amount to be satisfying the plant needs, and do not need complicated irrigation project and irrigation automation.

Owing to not existing seepage to soil and the biological active moist surface lower floor of existence, it is particularly useful for the recycle of organic waste matter as the water (grey water and sewage) of discarded or pollution.Because having the water that continues supplies with, it has produced the desirable wet condition that is used to breed worm and microorganism and the suitable species of fungi, wherein said suitable species can be processed and be recycled to improve the organic waste of soil quality, and can catch otherwise this can enter the carbon of atmosphere, thereby produce from atmosphere remove greenhouse gases but not atmosphere the agricultural system of contribution greenhouse gases.

The moist surface lower floor of being nourished by core sucting action is that biology is active, and the balance of air, water and nutrient is provided, and this balance is improved plant production power.

Making up and moving this type of provides such method, and recycle may cause the organic waste matter of handling problems valuably whereby.The waste water such as the sewage that may contain pollutant or pathogene can more safely be used for irrigating, because water can directly be delivered to lower surface and directly not contact with plant.

This of Fig. 5 variant is used for the semiarid zone, and herbage sprouts still wilting subsequently after rainfall and may be eaten up by termite there.Groove 60 scrapes out the inclined-plane by tractor excavation and by the surface soil of shooting off with the costa colpi 62 of groove side surface.The overlapping plastic tab 64 of slivering is laid on the costa colpi and with stone 66 stablizes the inclined-plane.At last, costa colpi cover with reclaimed soil and with trench fill to the costa colpi height.Costa colpi enters groove with the rainwater of infiltration.Herbage grows in band 68 and serves as windbreak.

The advantage that has been found that screen cloth type bed is:

1. evaporation reduces.

2. nutrient is not flushed away as routine is cultivated.

3. the water content of soil reaches 2 to 3 times from normal field capacity raising.

4. primary organic waste is cheap.

5. the method for catching big gas carbon by the photosynthesis that produces organic waste is provided; wherein said organic waste is under half anaerobic condition, often decompose under water; it is very slow that thereby organic substance decomposes, and mix in the soil texture because of microbial action (especially fungi and worm).

6. the valuably means of disposal of solid organic waste matter are provided.

7. the means of disposing valuably pollutant effluents such as sewage and utilizing any nutrient are provided.

Be to be understood that the word that uses such as this specification " comprises " and will comprise form of explanation with it in the whole text, namely the purposes that " comprises " of word is not got rid of and is added other key elements.

Be to be understood that and carry out various modifications and/or interpolation to the present invention and do not break away from essential characteristic of the present invention. These modifications and/or interpolation thereby be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (22)

1. the method for the structure bed that is used to cultivate plants, comprise forming to cultivate and use recess, with water impervious layer at least in part the described recess of lining cutting to create cistern, by being placed, primary particle shape wicking medium fills described recess on the described lining at least in part, culture medium is placed near described wicking top of media or the described wicking medium, and water is imported described wicking medium.

2. the method described in claim 1, wherein said recess is the hole in the soil, and described lining is piece of flexible material, compresses the layer or the concrete layer of argillic horizon or cement and earth mixture.

3. the method described in claim 1, wherein said recess is the inside of chest or groove.

4. the method described in claim 1, wherein said recess is the inside that is subjected to the sack of frame supported.

5. the method described in claim 2 comprises described culture medium is placed in the soil contacting with surrounding soil.

6. the method described in claim 3 or 4 comprises when described culture medium is soil, avoids contacting between described surrounding soil and the described culture medium.

7. as the method for claim 1-6 described in each, be included in and arrange pipe in the described cistern so that water is imported described wicking medium when needing.

8. operation comprises that by the method for the bed of the method structure of claim 1 organic substance that adds earthworm and contain fungi or soil bacteria is to described culture medium.

9. the method described in claim 8 is included in the dark root leguminous plant of plantation in the described culture medium.

10. the method described in claim 8 or 9 comprises the water that interpolation obtains from sewage.

11., be included in and prevent that the level place that described culture medium reaches capacity from fixing a drainpipe as the method for claim 8-10 described in each.

12. as the method for claim 8-11 described in each, comprise that restriction water supplies with, thereby keep the exposed surface drying of described culture medium, so that evaporation is minimized.

13. as the method for claim 8-12 described in each, wherein supply with water to described cistern, minimize so that make to be detained with the floor level of described cistern or near its floor level.

14. as the method for claim 8-13 described in each, wherein the water level in the described cistern of regular supply is moist but unsaturated with the described culture medium that maintains the root district.

15. as the method for claim 1-6 described in each, comprise with the bubble pad covering described lining that described whereby bubble contacts described mat and limits the water stream channel of the water that imports.

16. a wicking bed that is used to cultivate plants comprises the waterproof lining that places the underground formation cistern of soil, at the primary particle shape wicking dielectric layer at described lining top with at the culture medium layer of described wicking top of media.

17. the wicking bed described in claim 16, wherein said lining extend beyond described cistern as being lower than the horizontal sloping edge that is used for rainwater is entered described cistern.

18. the wicking bed described in claim 16 or 17, wherein said lining surface are that 200-300mm is thick for the projection bed and are that 600-800mm is thick for leaving the bed in ground.

19. as the wicking bed of claim 16-18 described in each, wherein said wicking bed extends to form the adjacent bed of one or more cascades, the cistern draining of higher whereby wicking bed is to the cistern of low wicking bed.

20. the wicking bed described in claim 16, wherein described wicking bed being raised above the horizon and with described lining places the spacious top of porous bag inner, described lining is filled with primary particle shape wicking medium at least in part, and the volume of described sack above described lining filled with culture medium.

21. the method for the bed that a structure is used to cultivate plants, comprise forming to cultivate and use recess, the described recess of lining cutting is to create cistern, settle culture medium on described lining, and described culture medium is increased to the water content of described medium saturated from field capacity.

22. one kind by storing the method that organic waste reduces big gas carbon in underground hole, described underground hole lining is to create cistern and to soak described material, catch thereby anaerobic or interruption anaerobic decomposition have prolonged carbon, and prevented to be quickly converted to carbonic acid gas.

Images