CN115104396B - Soil improvement and soil preparation forestation method for arid abrupt slope sandy soil - Google Patents
Soil improvement and soil preparation forestation method for arid abrupt slope sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid and steep slope sandy soil, which mainly solves the problems of poor water retention and weak water storage capacity of the existing arid sandy soil, reduced sandy soil productivity caused by loss of water and nutrients, and low survival rate and preservation rate of seedlings in the prior art. Firstly, preparing soil, paving a film, improving soil characteristics through raw sandy soil, fly ash, sandstone, municipal sewage sludge, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and waste crop stems, improving soil fertilizer efficiency through the combined action of drilling waste mud, microalgae, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and finally backfilling soil to field planted seedlings. Through the scheme, the invention achieves the purposes of improving the wind resistance of the seedlings, improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, meeting the trace element requirements for the growth of the seedlings and enabling the seedlings to grow well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sandy soil improvement, in particular to a soil improvement, soil preparation and forestation method for drought steep slope sandy soil.
Background
The greening construction in arid areas is greatly influenced by soil, air temperature, environment and humidity conditions, particularly the greening construction project in the dry heat valley areas belongs to a degraded barren slope with more than moderate areas, the gradient is between 35 and 45 degrees on average, the local area is more than 45 degrees, the land degradation is serious, the soil is mainly sandy soil, the decomposition speed of organic matters in the soil is faster, the sandy soil is not easy to accumulate, the water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, the interaction force among sandy soil particles is smaller, the texture is loose, the permeability of the soil is good, the pores are large, the capillary action is weak, the water retention performance of the sandy soil is poor, the water storage capacity is weak, the productivity of the sandy soil is reduced due to the loss of moisture and nutrients, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of seedlings are low.
The arid area has arid climate, the annual rainfall is 630mm, mainly concentrate on 5-9 months, other months are less or no rain, the annual evaporation is 3911.2mm, the evaporation is 6 times of the rainfall. Therefore, the greening engineering of the steep slope sand in the dry and hot valley region is greatly influenced by weather and water and soil, so that the problems of low average survival rate, low annual preservation rate, slow growth, long forest coverage period, difficult control of the quality of the forestation, no forestation in the year and the like of the greening construction of the region are caused, and the key point of ensuring the survival rate and preservation rate of the forestation seedlings is the attack and research on the water and fertilizer preservation technology of sandy soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improved soil preparation forestation method for arid and steep slope sandy soil, which aims to solve the problems of poor water retention and weak water storage capacity of the existing arid sandy soil, reduced sandy soil productivity caused by loss of water and nutrients, and low survival rate and preservation rate of seedlings.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for improving soil preparation and forestation of the arid abrupt slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing land on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode, setting a planting mark on the horizontal ditch, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal ditch at the position of the planting mark along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, a mixture of 65-80 parts of original sandy soil, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 8-15 parts of sandstone, 10-20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3-9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20-30 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on the film with the holes;
s3, improving soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste slurry, 8-10 parts of microalgae, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, paving a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the soil water retention property: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture treated in the step S3, and airing for 45-60 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the components and the weight parts of the water-retaining soil are 2-5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10-20 parts of sandy soil;
s5, soil backfilling field planting nursery stock: and (3) after the step S4 is completed, backfilling sand with the thickness of 8-10cm, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings.
According to the invention, natural precipitation is fully intercepted by soil preparation in a horizontal ditch soil preparation mode, so that the water retention of soil is improved; the mixture of the raw sand, the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the waste crop stems increases the content of the sticky particles in the sanded soil, so that the particles are more, the soil clusters are more agglomerated, the wind resistance of seedlings is improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention of the soil are also improved, and the growth of plants is facilitated;
mixing the drilling waste slurry, microalgae, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and the mixture, sealing by a film, drying the surface of the final mixture, fully fermenting the interior of the final mixture at high temperature by the high-temperature climate of a dry-heat river-valley desert, fully fermenting and decomposing calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and the like in each component into components which are easy to be absorbed by plants, and meeting the trace element requirement for the growth of seedlings, so that the seedlings grow well;
the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the waste crop rods and the waste drilling mud are all recycled, so that the environmental pollution and the treatment cost are reduced.
Further, in the step S1, the cross section size of the horizontal grooves is 80cm 60cm, and the groove spacing is 4-6m; can be adjusted according to the needs of the actual planting seedlings.
Further, in the step S2, 70 parts of raw sandy soil, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of arsenic sandstone, 15 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 7 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 25 parts of waste crop stems.
Further, in the step S3, 15 parts of drilling waste slurry, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer are prepared.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in proportion: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=17:3:8.
Further, in the step S4, excellent seedlings with strong vitality, obvious trunks, thick trunks, developed main roots, multiple fibrous roots, normal leaf color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage are selected for transplanting and planting.
Further, the seedling planting method in the step S4 comprises the following steps: digging a set planting pit at the position of the film with the hole, and then placing the excellent nursery stock in the planting pit; then, after the field planting of the soil balls at the root of the seedling, carrying out field planting pit soil returning compaction, backfilling at a position 3cm away from the pit top, carrying out compaction and shaping, shaping to a position with the seedling ground stem as the center radius of 10cm, leveling and compacting the pit wall, spreading a certain amount of loose soil on the periphery of the pit, and stacking into a small mountain-shaped soil pile of 20cm to form a rough surface; the field planting method effectively prevents the situation that water vapor evaporates rapidly when watering and flushing, and pit cracks are formed to cause rapid water loss.
Further, after the field planting of the seedlings in the step S4 is completed, backfilling and shaping the ground stems within a radius range of 10cm to form a mountain-shaped line structure, so as to form two small catchment cofferdams with the height of 20 cm; reduce water loss.
Further, a water collecting tank is arranged beside one or more horizontal ditches, a water seepage pipe for seedling water supplementing is arranged at each planting pit edge, at least one water seepage hole is formed in the water seepage pipe at the planting pit, and the water seepage pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank; convenient management and water supplementing for the nursery stock at regular time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, natural precipitation is fully intercepted by soil preparation in a horizontal ditch soil preparation mode, so that the water retention of soil is improved; the mixture of the raw sand, the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the waste crop stems increases the content of the sticky particles in the sanded soil, so that the particles are more, the soil clusters are more agglomerated, the wind resistance of seedlings is improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is also improved, and the growth of plants is facilitated.
(2) The invention improves the soil characteristics and improves the soil fertilizer efficiency, the surface of the final mixture is dried by the film sealing, the high temperature climate of the dry-heat river and the valley desert enables the interior of the final mixture to be fully fermented at high temperature, and calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and the like in each component are fully fermented and decomposed into components which are easy to be absorbed by plants, and the trace element requirements for the growth of the seedlings can be met, so that the seedlings grow well.
(3) The fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the waste crop rods and the drilling waste mud are all waste reutilization, so that the environmental pollution and the treatment cost are reduced, and the establishment of a soil ecological system and the formation of a virtuous circle are facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, embodiments of which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The method for improving soil preparation and forestation of the arid abrupt slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing land on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode, setting a planting mark on the horizontal ditch, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal ditch at the position of the planting mark along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, a mixture of 65 parts of original sandy soil, 10 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of arsenic sandstone, 10 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on a film with holes;
s3, improving soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10 parts of drilling waste slurry, 8 parts of microalgae, 2 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of compound fertilizer into the mixture in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, paving a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45 days;
s4, improving the soil water retention property: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture treated in the step S3, and airing for 45 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 2 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, soil backfilling field planting nursery stock: and (3) after the step S4 is completed, backfilling sand with the thickness of 8cm again, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the method for improving soil and forestation of sandy soil on drought steep slope comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing land on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode, setting a planting mark on the horizontal ditch, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal ditch at the position of the planting mark along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, a mixture of 70 parts of original sandy soil, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of arsenic sandstone, 15 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 7 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 25 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on a film with holes;
s3, improving soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 15 parts of drilling waste slurry, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, paving a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the soil water retention property: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture treated in the step S3, and airing for 45 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the water-retaining soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 4 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 15 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, soil backfilling field planting nursery stock: and (3) after the step S4 is completed, backfilling sand with the thickness of 9cm again, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings.
Example 3
The method for improving soil preparation and forestation of the arid abrupt slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing land on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode, setting a planting mark on the horizontal ditch, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal ditch at the position of the planting mark along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, a mixture of 80 parts of original sandy soil, 20 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of arsenic sandstone, 20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 30 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on a film with holes;
s3, improving soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste slurry, 10 parts of microalgae, 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, paving a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 60 days;
s4, improving the soil water retention property: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture treated in the step S3, and airing for 60 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 20 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, soil backfilling field planting nursery stock: and (3) after the step S4 is completed, backfilling sand with the thickness of 10cm again, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that step S2 is absent.
Example 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that step S3 is absent.
Example 6
This example and example 1 are further based on the following:
soil preparation
(1) The soil hardening, poor fertility and barren soil layer of the dry-heat river valley stony desertification region are required to create a good root system stretching environment for seedling growth, so that the soil preparation technology is a crucial technical measure, a deep horizontal ditch soil preparation mode is selected for fully intercepting natural rainfall and increasing the water retention of soil, strip-shaped horizontal ditches are horizontally constructed according to the contour line position of natural topography, the cross section size of each horizontal ditch is 80cm x 60cm, the ditch spacing is generally 4-6m, and the specific size is determined according to the forestation line spacing according to design requirements.
(2) The excavator is used for soil preparation, original vegetation is not damaged when the excavator is used for ditching and soil preparation, water and soil loss is avoided, meanwhile, excavated surface soil is placed on the upper edge of a ditch, and raw soil is placed on the lower edge of the ditch, so that the soil is improved for later use by backfilling.
Soil preparation time
The water leakage fertilizer of the stony desertification floor drain is difficult for seedlings to survive, the original matrix becomes soft by deep turning of the original soil, and the water content and the soil fertility of the soil are improved, so that soil preparation is carried out at least 6 months in advance, the soil preparation is generally carried out in winter, and the seedlings are planted in forestation in the rainy season of the second year, if the soil preparation can not be carried out 6 months in advance, the soil preparation is carried out at least 3 months in advance.
Soil preparation requirement
(1) The section size of the excavated horizontal ditch should meet the design requirement, the deviation cannot exceed +/-3 cm, the appearance of the ditch is smooth, smooth and beautiful, the ditch bottom is smooth, the ditch longitudinal slope meets the water storage and interception requirement, and the ditch bottom should not have stones and gravel more than 3cm, and if stone gravel is selected and crushed.
(2) After the soil preparation of the horizontal ditch is completed, the horizontal ditch is subjected to airing and disinfection or spraying liquid medicine for disinfection to prevent diseases and insect pests.
Laying perforated film on the bottom of ditch
Preparation of perforated film
When the horizontal ditch is excavated, the perforated breathable water-retaining film is prepared at the same time, the perforated water-retaining plastic film is made of PE, the PE plastic film is prepared into blocks with the specification of 0.8m x 1.5m, and is perforated in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the perforation interval is 5cm x 5cm, the aperture is 0.5mm, and the aperture size deviation cannot exceed positive and negative 0.1mm.
Film positioning and laying
(1) And (3) familiar with forestation operation drawings, positioning and paying off the horizontal ditch seedling planting positions according to the operation requirements of forestation design, and marking the seedling planting positions by lime lines.
(2) After the positioning and paying-off are finished, before the first layer of backfilled soil is backfilled, the prepared blocky punching film is paved along the longitudinal direction of the pit, turned over for 30cm along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch, the pit bottom is 80cm, and a U shape is formed along the longitudinal direction, meanwhile, the four sides of the pit bottom are compacted and fixed by small wood sticks or soil blocks, and the pit walls on two sides are inserted into the pit walls to be fixed by the small wood sticks, so that the film sliding during backfilling and improvement of the planting soil is prevented.
(3) The perforated film is paved at the bottom of the sand planting pit to effectively prevent water from rapidly penetrating downwards during watering to form a certain water-blocking layer, and meanwhile, the perforated film is innovated to form a water-collecting small groove, so that natural precipitation and water seepage downwards due to drip irrigation and water supplementing of a pipeline can be collected, the air permeability of soil is not influenced, the temperature and humidity in sandy soil are effectively maintained, the water-retaining property of the soil is improved, and water is provided for early growth of seedling roots.
Example 7
This example and example 1 are further based on the following:
planting of nursery stock transplanting
The transplanting field planting of the seedlings adopts a special tool for sawing sickle to lift and break roots at 30 degrees with dense tooth-shaped small cuts, the root systems of the seedlings are not damaged in the process of lifting and breaking roots, and the soil balls of the seedlings are protected, so that the water-retaining property of the seedlings is better, and the transplanting field planting method is easier to adapt to the higher survival rate of the transplanted environment.
1. Seedling selection
In the stony desertification sandy soil area of the dry and hot valley region, the forestation nursery stock should be selected to have good nursery stock with strong vitality, obvious trunk, thick trunk, developed main root, many fibrous roots, normal leaf color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage. The seedlings are selected from container seedlings with a Fu-yurt, the seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery in the local nursery, and the nursery-out standard and the quality grade of the seedlings meet the requirements of design and related specifications.
2. Season of planting
(1) Seedling transplanting and forestation are carried out in rainy season for 6-8 months, one or two fields are penetrated by rain, and the planting is started when the natural water content is measured to be more than 45%, or soil in a planting area is pinched by hands, so that the soil is not easy to be planted in scattered time when the soil is pinched into clusters.
(2) If the planting in rainy season can not be performed due to the condition limitation, the planting pit can be sprayed with water manually or by drip irrigation, the planting is performed when the water content is determined to be 45%, and the root setting water is fully poured after the planting is completed.
3. Seedling lifting
The seedling is trained 1-2 months in advance before field planting, the proper-age seedlings in the seedling raising bed are transplanted into a new seedling bed beside the seedling raising bed for training, so that the seedlings are better suitable for the soil environment of a forestation area, the survival rate of the seedlings is guaranteed, in the seedling raising process, a special tool for sawing and sickling the seedlings to break roots is adopted, the tool is designed according to the arc of a seedling furing device, the bending degree of a knife edge is 30 degrees, the seedling furing device can be attached more effectively, the knife edge is parallel to the bottom of the furing device in the seedling raising process, meanwhile, the knife edge is customized into a small-cut dense tooth shape, the main root can be cut off rapidly in the seedling raising process, the wound surface of the main root is smaller, and the moisture loss is difficult, so that the seedlings raised by a general seedling raising method are easy to survive.
4. Transportation of
The seedling is required to be tightly wrapped on the seedling furter part during transportation, so that the exposure time of the root system of the seedling in the air is reduced, the water loss of the seedling is reduced, the damage to the seedling is reduced during transportation, and the seedling is taken and put lightly. Meanwhile, the seedlings transported in the same day can be planted in the same day, so that the water content of the root system of the seedlings is guaranteed not to be lost, and a good survival rate can be obtained.
5. Planting method
(1) Firstly, paying off and positioning the field planting area, and making a field planting mark.
(2) The artificial planting method is adopted, a small digging harrow is adopted to dig a planting pit with the depth and width of 30cm x 30cm (the planting pit can be determined according to the size of a container seedling, a container Miao Fu incubator can be made of degradable materials and can be directly erected in the middle of the pit during planting, a bag is removed by a non-degradable plastic Fu incubator, small soil balls are placed in the middle of the pit, planting pit soil balls at the root of the seedling are planted, soil returning compaction is carried out on the planting pit, compaction and shaping are carried out at a position 3cm away from the pit top, shaping is carried out at a position with the ground stem of the seedling as the center radius of 10cm, a certain amount of loose soil is spread on the periphery of the pit after leveling and compaction, a mountain-shaped small soil pile of 20cm is formed, a certain rough surface is formed, flushing of the pit wall is effectively prevented, rapid evaporation of fine vapor is effectively prevented, and the situation that cracks and water loss of the pit are formed is effectively prevented.
(3) The depth of the planting earthing is preferably about 2 cm.
Example 8
This example and example 1 are further based on the following:
backfill shaping of catchment cofferdam
(1) After the field planting of the seedlings is completed, backfilling and shaping the ground stems within a radius range of 10cm to form a mountain-shaped line structure, so as to form two small catchments with the height of 20 cm.
(2) The seedling field planting center is used as a circle center, a first water-retaining cofferdam in a mountain shape with the shaping radius of 10cm and the width and the height of 20cm is filled around the seedling, the initially planted seedling is protected, heavy storm and direct flushing of roots by manual watering are avoided, natural precipitation or manual water supply is directly and slowly input into the seedling roots through a second water-collecting cofferdam, and the survival rate of the initial planting of the seedling is improved.
(3) The seedling field planting center is used as a circle center, the water retaining cofferdam at the first root part and the height difference of the upper side of the excavation surface are used to form a catchment interception area, and meanwhile, a drip irrigation pipe head is arranged in the catchment interception area at the upper side of the first cofferdam and the excavation surface, so that each field planting seedling is accurately supplied with water, the damage to the root system of the seedling cannot be caused due to the fact that water flow or water quantity is not controlled in place, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of the seedling are improved.
(4) The water-retaining cofferdam is shaped manually, and the shaping compaction meets the requirement, and stones or weeds are covered on the periphery of the second water-collecting cofferdam if the condition exists, so that the transpiration of water is reduced.
Example 9
Further on the basis of the embodiment and the embodiment 1, a water collecting tank is arranged beside one or more horizontal ditches, each planting pit edge is provided with a water seepage pipe for seedling water supplementing, and at least one water seepage hole is formed in the water seepage pipe at the planting pit and communicated with the water collecting tank; the management is convenient, and water is supplied to the seedlings at regular time; in this embodiment, a water collection tank is commonly used for a plurality of horizontal ditches.
At the same time, the same planting site is used for planting the seedlings according to the embodiments 1 to 9, and the survival rate of the seedlings is checked after one month, three months and six months respectively, and the results show that the survival rates of the seedlings of the embodiments 4 and 5 are far lower than the survival rate of the seedlings of the other embodiments in the same period, and the branch and leaf flourishing degree of the seedlings is not as good as that of the seedlings of the other embodiments, so that the soil improvement characteristic in the step S2 and the soil improvement fertilizer efficiency in the step S3 are combined and interacted, the soil improvement characteristic is more suitable for the growth of the seedlings, and the fertilizer efficiency of the soil is increased to enable the seedlings to grow; the survival rate of the improved drought sandy soil forestation by using the method reaches more than 98 percent, and the preservation rate reaches more than 97 percent after one year.
Seedling field planting quality control measure
(1) The container seedlings are preferably selected for planting the seedlings in the forestation area, and the seedlings are selected before planting. The tree seedlings for forestation must develop well, have complete root systems, thick and strong basal stems, full terminal buds, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage and quarantine proof files of outsourcing seedlings.
(2) The seedling age and the growth condition of the tree seedlings planted in the same forestation area are basically consistent.
(3) And (3) field planting in the whole region of the horizontal ditch, carrying out positioning and paying-off according to the designed plant spacing and row spacing, digging a field planting pit according to the paying-off position, wherein the size requirement of the field planting pit meets the design requirement and takes root system stretching as a standard.
(4) The implantation depth is strictly controlled according to the operation requirement.
(5) After transplanting seedlings are planted in field, root fixing water is required to be poured thoroughly, the field planting pit is required to be soaked completely after the field planting is completed, soil humidity is measured, the humidity is up to more than 85%, the soil moisture content is up to more than 65% as a standard, and soil fully absorbs moisture and is tightly combined with a root system so as to be beneficial to the recovery and growth of the root system.
(6) The seedlings should be straightened and planted during field planting, the root system is stretched, and the depth is proper.
(7) The surface soil and wet soil should be filled first, then the raw soil and dry soil should be filled, and the soil should be stepped in layers. When the soil moisture content is poor, water is irrigated and permeated, and a layer of deficient soil is covered, so that the soil moisture is preserved.
(8) The water-retaining agent is used for dry grain during field planting, and the water-retaining agent must be watered once again in the next day of field planting, and the water-retaining agent is fully irrigated to ensure that the water-retaining agent absorbs enough water.
Irrigation quality control measures
(1) Irrigation water is preferably tap water, well water, pollution-free lake, river or pond water. Industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater containing toxic substances are strictly forbidden to be used as irrigation water.
(2) When watering, excessive water flow is contraindicated, and if soil subsidence and tree inclination occur, the soil should be stabilized and ridged in time.
(3) And establishing a precise matched drip irrigation system, precise water supply irrigation, and simultaneously establishing a soil temperature and humidity sensing system for linkage irrigation.
(4) The matched drip irrigation system should be subjected to a hydrostatic test before use, so that smooth irrigation is ensured.
Benefit analysis
Technical benefit: the water-retaining construction process of the concave double cofferdam for the sand in the dry-heat river valley stony desertification area belongs to a domestic first-time high-efficiency water-retaining fertilizer-retaining technology, successfully solves the problem of low one-time survival rate of soil moisture loss and soil barren forestation in the sand forestation process of the dry-heat river valley stony desertification area, and fills the blank of the sand forestation technology in the domestic dry-heat river valley stony desertification area.
Social benefit: the innovation of the sand concave double-channel cofferdam water-retaining forestation technology breaks through the seasonal limitation of forestation in dry-hot valley areas, reduces the evaporation capacity of water in soil, provides possibility for forestation in winter, provides possibility for rapid forestation in stony desertification areas, forms a natural barrier for preventing water and soil loss, and greatly improves the environmental conditions of local climatic soil.
The present invention can be well implemented according to the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, even if some insubstantial modifications or color-rendering are made on the present invention, the essence of the adopted technical solution is still the same as the present invention, so it should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for improving soil preparation and forestation of the arid abrupt slope sandy soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing land on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode, setting a planting mark on the horizontal ditch, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal ditch at the position of the planting mark along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, a mixture of 65-80 parts of original sandy soil, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 8-15 parts of sandstone, 10-20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3-9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20-30 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on the film with the holes;
s3, improving soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste slurry, 8-10 parts of microalgae, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, paving a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the soil water retention property: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture treated in the step S3, and airing for 45-60 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the components and the weight parts of the water-retaining soil are 2-5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10-20 parts of sandy soil;
s5, soil backfilling field planting nursery stock: and (3) after the step S4 is completed, backfilling sand with the thickness of 8-10cm, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings.
2. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid and steep sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal grooves is 80cm by 60cm, and the pitch of the grooves is 4-6m.
3. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid abrupt slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, raw sandy soil is 70 parts, fly ash is 15 parts, sandstone is 10 parts, municipal sewage sludge is 15 parts, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 7 parts, and waste crop stems are 25 parts.
4. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid abrupt slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, 15 parts of drilling waste slurry, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer are used.
5. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid and steep slope sandy soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the compound fertilizer in step S3 comprises the following components in proportion: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=17:3:8.
6. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid abrupt slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, excellent seedlings are selected for transplanting and planting, wherein the excellent seedlings have strong vitality, obvious trunks, thick trunks, developed main roots, many fibrous roots, normal leaf colors, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage.
7. The method for improving, soil-working and forestation of arid steep slope sandy soil of claim 6, wherein the method for planting seedlings in step S4 comprises the steps of: digging a set planting pit at the position of the film with the hole, and then placing the excellent nursery stock in the planting pit; then after the field planting of the soil balls at the root of the seedling, carrying out field planting pit soil returning compaction, backfilling at a position 3cm away from the pit top, carrying out compaction and shaping, shaping to a position with the seedling ground stem as the center radius of 10cm, leveling and compacting the pit wall, spreading a certain amount of loose soil on the periphery of the pit, and stacking into a small mountain-shaped soil pile of 20cm to form a rough surface.
8. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation of arid and steep slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein after the planting of the seedlings in step S4 is completed, backfilling and shaping the soil around the ground stems within a radius range of 10cm into a mountain-shaped line structure to form two small catchment cofferdams with a height of 20 cm.
9. The method for improving, soil preparation and forestation on drought and steep slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein a water collecting tank is arranged beside one or more horizontal ditches, water seepage pipes for seedling water supplementing are arranged at the sides of each field planting pit, at least one water seepage hole is formed in each water seepage pipe at the field planting pit, and each water seepage pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank.
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