CN115104396A - Method for improving, preparing and afforesting arid steep slope sandy soil - Google Patents
Method for improving, preparing and afforesting arid steep slope sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving, preparing and afforesting arid steep slope sandy soil, which mainly solves the problems that the existing arid sandy soil is poor in water retention and water retention, the productivity of desertified soil is reduced due to loss of water and nutrients, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of nursery stocks are low in the prior art. The method comprises the steps of preparing soil, paving a film, improving the soil characteristics through raw sand, fly ash, sandstone, municipal sewage sludge, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and waste crop rod diameter, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency through the combined action of drilling waste mud, microalgae, an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and finally backfilling a nursery stock with a fixed value in the soil. Through the scheme, the invention achieves the purposes of improving the wind resistance of the seedlings, improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, meeting the requirements of trace elements required by the growth of the seedlings and ensuring good growth of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sandy soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving, preparing and afforesting sandy soil of a drought steep slope.
Background
The greening construction in the arid region is greatly influenced by the conditions of soil, air temperature, environment and humidity, particularly the regions where greening construction projects in the range of stony desertification steep slope sandy land in the dry and hot valley region belong to degraded sloping land with the average gradient of 35-45 degrees and the local region with the average gradient of more than 45 degrees are moderate, the land degradation is serious, the soil is mainly sandy soil, organic matters in the soil are decomposed quickly and are not easy to accumulate, so that the sandy soil is poor in water and fertilizer retention, the interaction force among desertification soil particles is small, the texture is loose, the soil permeability is good, the pores are large, the capillary action is weak, the desertification soil is poor in water retention and water retention, the productivity of the desertification soil is reduced due to the loss of water and nutrients, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of seedlings are low.
The drought area has drought, the annual rainfall is 630mm, mainly concentrated in 5-9 months, other months have less or no rain, the annual evaporation capacity is 3911.2mm, and the evaporation capacity is 6 times of the rainfall. Therefore, the problems that the greening engineering of the steep slope sand land in the dry and hot valley area is greatly influenced by climate, water and soil, so that the average survival rate of the greening construction in the area is low, the annual preservation rate is low, the growth is slow, the coverage period of the forestation is long, the quality of the forestation is not easy to control, the forestation does not occur in the annual forestation and the like are solved, and the key point for ensuring the survival rate and the preservation rate of the forestation seedlings lies in the attack and research on the water and fertilizer conservation technology of the sandy soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving, preparing and afforesting sandy soil of a drought steep slope, which aims to solve the problems that the existing arid sandy soil is poor in water retention and water retention, the productivity of the sandy soil is reduced due to loss of water and nutrients, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of seedlings are low.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for improving soil and preparing soil for afforestation on arid steep slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, land preparation is carried out on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal groove land preparation mode, planting marks are arranged on the horizontal grooves, and films with holes are paved on the horizontal grooves at the planting marks along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal grooves;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, scattering a mixture of 65-80 parts of original sand, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 8-15 parts of arsenopyrite, 10-20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3-9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20-30 parts of waste crop rod diameter on the film with holes;
s3, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste mud, 8-10 parts of microalgae, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, then laying a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and aging and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the water retention property of the soil: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture processed in the step S3, and airing for 45-60 days; then laying water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 2-5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10-20 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, backfilling soil to obtain nursery stocks with fixed values: and (8) after the step S4 is finished, backfilling sandy soil with the thickness of 8-10cm, and then transplanting and planting the nursery stock.
According to the invention, natural rainfall is fully intercepted through the horizontal ditch soil preparation mode, and the water retention of soil is increased; the mixture of the original sandy soil, the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the waste crop stalks increases the content of sticky grains in the desertified soil, increases more powder grains, enables soil clusters to be more agglomerated, improves the wind resistance of seedlings, also improves the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil, and is more beneficial to the growth of plants;
drilling waste mud, microalgae, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and the mixture are mixed and sealed by a film, the surface of the final mixture is dried, the interior of the final mixture is fully fermented at high temperature by the high-temperature climate of dry-hot river valley and desert, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and the like in the components are fully fermented and decomposed into components which can be easily absorbed by plants, the requirements of trace elements required by seedling growth can be met, and the seedling growth is good;
the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the waste crop stalks and the waste drilling mud are not recycled, so that the environmental pollution and the treatment cost are reduced.
Further, in step S1, the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal trench is 80cm by 60cm, and the trench pitch is 4-6 m; can be adjusted according to the requirement of actual planting nursery stock.
Further, 70 parts of original sandy soil, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of sandstone, 15 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 7 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 25 parts of waste crop straw diameter in step S2.
Further, in the step S3, 15 parts of waste drilling mud, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer are used.
Further, the compound fertilizer in step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: phosphate fertilizer: and (3) adding 17:3:8 of potassium fertilizer.
Further, in step S4, selecting superior nursery stocks with strong vitality, obvious trunk, thick trunk, developed main roots, multiple fibrous roots, normal leaf color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage for transplantation and field planting.
Further, the seedling planting method in step S4 includes: digging a set planting pit at the position of the film with the hole, and then placing the excellent nursery stock in the planting pit; then, after the soil balls at the roots of the seedlings are planted, carrying out field planting pit soil returning compaction, carrying out compaction and shaping at a place backfilled 3cm away from the top of the pit, shaping at a position with the ground diameter of the seedlings as the center radius of 10cm, leveling and compacting the pit wall, spreading a certain amount of loose soil around the pit, and piling up the loose soil into small mountain-shaped soil piles of 20cm to form a rough surface; the planting method effectively prevents the situation that water loss speed is high due to pit cracks formed by rapid evaporation of water vapor during watering and scouring.
Further, after the planting of the seedlings is finished in the step S4, backfilling and shaping the seedlings within the radius range of 10cm around the ground diameter into a Chinese character 'shan' shaped row structure to form two 20cmg high catchment small cofferdams; reduce water loss.
Furthermore, a water collecting tank is arranged beside one or more horizontal ditches, a water seepage pipe for replenishing water for the nursery stock is arranged beside each planting pit, at least one water seepage hole is arranged on the water seepage pipe at the planting pit, and the water seepage pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank; convenient management and timely water replenishing for the nursery stock.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) natural rainfall is fully intercepted in a horizontal ditch soil preparation mode, and the water retention of the soil is improved; the mixture of the original sandy soil, the fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the waste crop stalks increases the content of sticky grains in the desertified soil, increases more powder grains, enables soil clusters to be more agglomerated, improves the wind resistance of seedlings, also improves the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil, and is more beneficial to the growth of plants.
(2) In the processes of improving soil characteristics and improving soil fertilizer efficiency, the surface of the final mixture is dried through film sealing, the interior of the final mixture is fully fermented at high temperature through the high-temperature climate of dry-hot river valley desert, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and the like in all the components are fully fermented and decomposed into the components which are easily absorbed by plants, the requirements of trace elements required by seedling growth can be met, and the seedling growth is good.
(3) The fly ash, the sandstone, the municipal sewage sludge, the waste crop stalks and the waste drilling mud are not recycled, so that the environmental pollution and the treatment cost are reduced, and the soil ecosystem is favorably established and virtuous cycle is formed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A method for improving soil and preparing soil for afforestation on arid steep slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, land preparation is carried out on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal groove land preparation mode, planting marks are arranged on the horizontal grooves, and films with holes are paved on the horizontal grooves at the planting marks along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal grooves;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after step S1, scattering a mixture of 65 parts of original sand, 10 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of arsenopyrite, 10 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20 parts of waste crop stems on the film with holes;
s3, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10 parts of waste drilling mud, 8 parts of microalgae, 2 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of compound fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, then laying a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45 days;
s4, improving the water retention property of the soil: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture processed in the step S3, and airing for 45 days; then water-retaining soil is paved on the soil, and the components and the parts by weight of the water-retaining soil are 2 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10 parts of sandy soil;
s5, backfilling soil to obtain nursery stocks with fixed values: and (5) after the step S4 is finished, backfilling sandy soil with the thickness of 8cm, and then transplanting and planting the nursery stock.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the method for improving soil and preparing land for afforestation by improving sandy soil on the arid and steep slope comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, preparing soil on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal furrow soil preparation mode, arranging planting marks on the horizontal furrows, and paving a film with holes on the horizontal furrows at the planting mark positions along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal furrows;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, scattering a mixture of 70 parts of original sand, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of sandstone, 15 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 7 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 25 parts of waste crop rod diameter on the film with holes;
s3, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 15 parts of waste drilling mud, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, then laying a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the water retention property of the soil: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture processed in the step S3, and airing for 45 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 4 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 15 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, backfilling soil to obtain nursery stocks with fixed values: and (5) after the step S4 is finished, backfilling 9 cm-thick sandy soil again, and then transplanting and planting the nursery stock.
Example 3
A method for improving soil and preparing soil for afforestation on arid steep slope sandy soil comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, land preparation is carried out on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal groove land preparation mode, planting marks are arranged on the horizontal grooves, and films with holes are paved on the horizontal grooves at the planting marks along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal grooves;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after step S1, a mixture of 80 parts of original sand, 20 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of arsenopyrite, 20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 30 parts of waste crop stems is scattered on the film with holes;
s3, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste mud, 10 parts of microalgae, 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, then laying a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and curing and fermenting the final mixture for 60 days;
s4, improving the water retention property of the soil: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture processed in the step S3, and airing for 60 days; then paving water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 20 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, backfilling soil with a fixed value and nursery stock: and (5) after the step S4 is finished, backfilling sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, and then transplanting and planting the nursery stock.
Example 4
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that step S2 is omitted.
Example 5
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that step S3 is omitted.
Example 6
This embodiment is further based on embodiment 1:
soil preparation method
(1) Soil hardening, poor fertility and barren soil layers in dry and hot valley stony desertification sand areas need to create a good root system stretching environment for seedling growth, so the land preparation technology is a crucial technical measure, a deep horizontal ditch land preparation mode is selected for fully intercepting natural rainfall and increasing the water retention of soil, and strip-shaped horizontal ditches are horizontally built according to the contour position of natural topography, the section size of each horizontal ditch is 80cm x 60cm, the interval between ditches is generally 4-6m, and the specific size is determined according to the spacing between forestation rows according to the design requirements.
(2) The excavator is adopted for soil preparation, the original vegetation is not damaged when the excavator conducts ditching and soil preparation, water and soil loss is avoided, meanwhile, excavated surface soil is placed on the upper edge of the ditch, and raw soil is placed on the lower edge of the ditch, so that the soil is backfilled and improved for later use.
Time of soil preparation
The earth leakage water of the stony desertification sand leaks fertilizer, the nursery stock is difficult to survive, the original parent substance becomes soft by deeply ploughing the original soil, and the water content and the soil fertility of the soil are improved, so the soil preparation is carried out at least 6 months in advance, the soil preparation is generally carried out in winter, and the seedlings are planted and fixed in the rainy season in the second year, if the soil preparation can not be carried out 6 months in advance, the soil preparation is carried out at least 3 months in advance.
Requirement for soil preparation
(1) The section size of the excavated horizontal ditch meets the design requirement, the deviation of the section size cannot exceed +/-3 cm, the appearance of the horizontal ditch is smooth and attractive, the ditch bottom is smooth, the longitudinal slope of the ditch meets the requirement of water storage and water interception, no stone or gravel larger than 3cm is needed at the ditch bottom, and if stone or gravel exists, the horizontal ditch is picked and crushed.
(2) After the horizontal ditch is prepared, the horizontal ditch is aired and disinfected or sprayed with liquid medicine for disinfection to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
The bottom of the ditch is paved with a punching film
Perforated film preparation
When a horizontal ditch is excavated, a perforated breathable water-retaining film is simultaneously prepared, the perforated water-retaining plastic film is made of PE (polyethylene) and is 0.8 m/0.6 s/500 m thick, the PE plastic film is prepared into blocks with the specification of 0.8 m/1.5 m, holes are punched in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the perforation interval is 5 cm/5 cm, the aperture is 0.5mm, and the aperture size deviation cannot exceed plus or minus 0.1 mm.
Film positioning and laying
(1) Familiarizing with a afforestation operation drawing, positioning and paying off the horizontal trench seedling planting position according to the operation requirement of afforestation design, and marking the seedling planting position by a lime line.
(2) After the positioning and paying-off are finished, before the first layer of backfilled soil is backfilled, the prepared blocky punched film is laid along the longitudinal direction of the pit, the blocky punched film is turned upwards by 30cm along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal ditch, the bottom of the pit is 80cm, a U-shaped structure is formed along the longitudinal direction, meanwhile, small wooden sticks or soil blocks are used for compacting and fixing along the four edges of the bottom of the pit, and the walls of the pits at the two sides are fixed by inserting the small wooden sticks into the walls of the pit, so that the film is prevented from sliding off when the backfilled and improved planting soil is backfilled.
(3) The bottom of the sand planting pit is paved with a punched film to effectively prevent water from rapidly infiltrating when watering, so that a certain water-blocking layer is formed, and meanwhile, the film is innovated to punch to form a small water-gathering groove, so that natural rainfall and infiltration of pipeline drip irrigation water supplement can be gathered, the air permeability of the soil is not influenced, the medium temperature and humidity of sandy soil are effectively kept, the water-retaining property of the soil is improved, and water is provided for the early growth of seedling roots.
Example 7
This embodiment is further based on embodiment 1:
transplanting and field planting of nursery stock
The special tool for seedling lifting and root breaking is adopted for transplanting and planting the seedlings by using the 30-degree saw sickles with dense-tooth-shaped small cuts, the root systems of the seedlings are not damaged in the seedling lifting and root breaking process, the seedling soil balls are protected, the water-retaining property of the seedlings is better, and the survival rate of the environment which is more easily suitable for transplanting is higher.
1. Seedling selection
The nursery stock for afforestation in the stony desertification sandy soil area of the dry and hot valley region should be selected from excellent nursery stocks which have strong vitality, obvious main stems, thick main stems, developed main roots, more fibrous roots, normal leaf colors, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage. The seedlings are selected from container seedlings with a Fu-Yu device, the seedlings for seedling are locally raised, and the raising standard and the quality grade of the seedlings meet the requirements of design and relevant specifications.
2. Season of field planting
(1) Setting the value of seedling transplantation afforestation as much as possible in rainy season, generally 6-8 months, passing through one to two fields of rain, and starting planting when the natural water content is measured to be more than 45%, or pinching the soil in the planting area by hands, wherein the planting is difficult to disperse and fix when the soil is pinched into clusters.
(2) If the field planting can not be carried out in rainy season due to condition limitation, the field planting pit can be drenched by manpower or drip irrigation, the field planting is carried out when the water content is measured to be 45 percent, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the field planting is finished
3. Lifting seedlings
The seedling is trained 1-2 months in advance before the field planting of the seedling, the nursery stock of the proper age in the nursery bed is transplanted to a new nursery bed beside for training so as to enable the seedling to be better suitable for the soil environment of an afforestation area and ensure the survival rate of the seedling, in the seedling lifting process, a special tool for 30-degree sawing off the seedling and cutting off the root is adopted by a small notch with a dense tooth shape, the tool is designed according to the circular arc of a seedling fostering device, the bending degree of a knife edge is 30 degrees, so that the seedling fostering device can be attached to the seedling fostering device more effectively, the knife edge is parallel to the bottom of the seedling fostering device in the seedling lifting process, the knife edge is customized into a small notch with a dense tooth shape, the main root can be cut off rapidly in the seedling lifting process, the main root is not damaged, the wound surface of the main root is small, the moisture is not easy to lose, and the nursery stock lifted by the common seedling lifting method can be easily survived.
4. Transportation of
The seedling raising device part needs to be tightly wrapped during transportation of seedlings, so that the exposure time of the root system of the seedlings in the air is reduced, the water loss of the seedlings is reduced, the damage to the seedlings during transportation is reduced, and the seedlings are handled lightly. Meanwhile, the seedlings transported and lifted in the same day can be planted in the same day, so that the water of the root system of the seedlings is prevented from losing, and a better survival rate can be obtained.
5. Planting method
(1) Firstly, carrying out paying-off positioning on a field planting area, and making a field planting mark.
(2) Adopting an artificial planting method, digging a fixed value pit with the depth and width of 30cm x 30cm in a fixed value area by a small digging harrow (or determining the planting pit according to the size of a container of the container seedling, directly standing in the middle of the pit when planting, if the container seedling cultivation device is made of degradable materials, if the bag is to be removed for the non-degradable plastic cultivation device, the small soil ball is placed in the middle of the pit, the planting pit is returned to soil and compacted after the soil ball at the root of the seedling is planted well, the soil ball is backfilled at a position 3cm away from the top of the pit and compacted and shaped to a position with the ground diameter of the seedling as the center and the radius of 10cm, the pit wall is leveled and compacted, a certain amount of loose soil is spread around the pit and is piled into small mountain-shaped soil piles of 20cm to form a certain rough surface, so that the situation that the wall of the watering pit is washed away, weather water vapor is quickly evaporated and the water loss speed of cracks forming the pit is high is effectively prevented.
(3) The depth of planting and covering soil is preferably about 2 cm.
Example 8
This embodiment is further based on embodiment 1:
catchment cofferdam backfill shaping
(1) After the field planting of the seedlings is completed, backfilling and shaping the seedlings within the radius range of 10cm around the ground diameter into a Chinese character 'shan' shaped row structure to form two small catchment cofferdams with the height of 20 cmg.
(2) Use seedling field planting center as the centre of a circle, fill the plastic radius around the seedling and be 10cm, width and height are the first water-retaining cofferdam of mountain shape of 20cm, and the protection is planted the seedling just, avoids heavy rainstorm and manual watering directly to erode the root, directly passes through the second way catchment cofferdam with natural rainfall or artifical feedwater and slowly inputs the seedling root, has improved the survival rate of planting just of seedling.
(3) Use seedling field planting center as the centre of a circle to the first root is protected the water cofferdam and is utilized the difference in height of excavation face upside, has formed catchment and has held back the district, sets up at first cofferdam and excavation face upside regional catchment simultaneously and drip irrigation the tube head, and accurate moisturizing for every field planting seedling can not lead to the fact the damage of nursery stock root system because of the control of rivers or water yield is not in place again, with the survival rate and the save rate that improve the nursery stock.
(4) The water-retaining cofferdam is shaped manually, and the shaping and compaction meet the requirements, if the conditions are met, stones or weeds are covered on the periphery of the second catchment cofferdam so as to reduce the transpiration amount of water.
Example 9
In this embodiment and embodiment 1, further, a water collecting tank is arranged beside one or more horizontal ditches, a water seepage pipe for replenishing water to the nursery stock is arranged beside each planting pit, at least one water seepage hole is arranged on the water seepage pipe at the planting pit, and the water seepage pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank; the management is convenient, and water is supplemented to the nursery stock at regular time; in the embodiment, a plurality of horizontal ditches share one water collecting tank.
In the same period of time, the nursery stocks are planted in the same planting field according to the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 9, the survival rates of the nursery stocks are checked after one month, three months and six months respectively, and the results show that the survival rates of the nursery stocks in the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5 in one month, three months and six months are far lower than the survival rates of the nursery stocks in the same period in other embodiments, and the nursery stocks in other embodiments have less luxuriant branches and leaves, so the improved soil characteristics in the step S2 and the improved soil fertilizer efficiency in the step S3 are combined and interacted, the improved soil characteristics are more suitable for the growth of the nursery stocks, and the fertilizer efficiency of the soil is increased to enable the nursery stocks; the method of the invention can improve the drought sandy soil, the afforestation survival rate reaches more than 98 percent, and the preservation rate after one year reaches more than 97 percent.
Seedling planting quality control measure
(1) Container seedlings are preferably selected for planting seedlings in the afforestation area, and the seedlings are selected before planting. The sapling for afforestation must develop well, the root system is complete, the basal stem is thick and strong, the terminal bud is full, there is no pest and disease damage, there is no mechanical damage, the purchased nursery stock should have the quarantine certification document.
(2) The seedling age and the seedling growth condition of the seedlings planted in the same afforestation area are basically consistent.
(3) And (3) field planting in the horizontal ditch land preparation zone, positioning and paying off according to the designed plant spacing and row spacing, digging a field planting pit according to the paying off position, wherein the size requirement of the field planting pit meets the design requirement and takes root system extension as the standard.
(4) The planting depth is strictly controlled according to the operation requirement.
(5) After the transplanted seedlings are planted, root fixing water must be thoroughly poured, the planting pits are required to be completely soaked after the planting, the soil humidity is measured, the humidity is more than 85%, the soil moisture content is more than 65%, and the soil fully absorbs the moisture and is tightly combined with the root system to facilitate the recovery and growth of the root system.
(6) During planting, the seedlings are straightened and planted, the root systems are stretched, and the depth is proper.
(7) When filling soil, firstly filling surface soil and wet soil, then filling raw soil and dry soil, and treading tightly in layers. When the soil moisture content is not good, the soil is watered thoroughly and covered with a layer of deficient soil to preserve the soil moisture.
(8) During field planting, the water-retaining agent is used for dry granulation, watering is needed again the next day of field planting, and the water-retaining agent is fully irrigated thoroughly to ensure that the water-retaining agent absorbs sufficient moisture.
Irrigation quality control measures
(1) The irrigation water is preferably tap water, well water, and pollution-free lake, river or pond water. Industrial waste water and domestic waste water containing toxic substances are strictly forbidden to be used as irrigation water.
(2) When watering, excessive water flow is avoided, and if soil subsidence and tree inclination occur, the soil should be immediately stabilized and earthed.
(3) An accurate matched drip irrigation system is established, water is supplied accurately for irrigation, and a soil temperature and humidity sensing system is established simultaneously for linkage irrigation.
(4) The matched drip irrigation system is subjected to a hydrostatic test before use, so that smooth irrigation is ensured
Benefit analysis
The technical benefits are as follows: the water retention construction process of the concave double-channel cofferdam for the sand land in the dry and hot valley stony desertification area belongs to the domestic pioneered high-efficiency water retention and fertilizer retention technology, successfully solves the problems of soil water loss and low one-time survival rate of land barren forestation in the process of the sand land forestation in the dry and hot valley stony desertification area, and fills the gap of the sand land forestation technology in the dry and hot valley stony desertification area in China.
Social benefits are as follows: the innovation of the sand concave double-channel cofferdam water-retaining afforestation technology breaks through the seasonal limitation of the dry and hot valley area afforestation, reduces the evaporation capacity of water in soil, provides possibility for winter afforestation, provides possibility for rapid tree planting and afforestation in a stony desertification area, forms a natural barrier for preventing water and soil loss, greatly improves the environmental conditions of local climate soil and eliminates the worry of local people about ecological deterioration.
Environmental protection benefit: the improved sand concave double-channel cofferdam water-retaining afforestation technology adopts the materials
The invention is well implemented in accordance with the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, in order to solve the same technical problems, even if some insubstantial modifications or colorings are made on the present invention, the adopted technical solution is still the same as the present invention, and therefore, the technical solution should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving soil preparation and afforestation of arid steep slope sandy soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil preparation and film paving: in winter of the previous year of planting, land preparation is carried out on the selected forestation land by adopting a deep horizontal groove land preparation mode, planting marks are arranged on the horizontal grooves, and films with holes are paved on the horizontal grooves at the planting marks along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal grooves;
s2, improving soil characteristics: after the step S1, scattering a mixture of 65-80 parts of original sand, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 8-15 parts of arsenopyrite, 10-20 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 3-9 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20-30 parts of waste crop rod diameter on the film with holes;
s3, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency: adding 10-20 parts of drilling waste mud, 8-10 parts of microalgae, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of compound fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing to form a final mixture, then laying a film on the final mixture, pressing the film between adjacent final mixtures, and aging and fermenting the final mixture for 45-60 days;
s4, improving the water retention property of soil: taking down the film on the final mixture, uniformly stirring the sandy soil on the horizontal ditch and the final mixture processed in the step S3, and airing for 45-60 days; then laying water-retaining soil on the soil, wherein the water-retaining soil comprises 2-5 parts of water-retaining slow-release phosphate fertilizer and 10-20 parts of sandy soil in parts by weight;
s5, backfilling soil to obtain nursery stocks with fixed values: and (8) after the step S4 is finished, backfilling sandy soil with the thickness of 8-10cm, and then transplanting and planting the nursery stock.
2. The method for improving the soil preparation and afforestation of the arid and steep slope sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional size of the horizontal ditches in the step S1 is 80cm by 60cm, and the interval between ditches is 4-6 m.
3. The method for improving and preparing the soil for afforestation on the sandy soil on the arid steep slope according to claim 1, wherein 70 parts of raw sand, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of arsenopyrite, 15 parts of municipal sewage sludge, 7 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 25 parts of waste crop stems and diameters in step S2.
4. The method for improving the soil and preparing the forest according to the sandy soil of the drought and steep slope of claim 1, wherein 15 parts of waste drilling mud, 9 parts of microalgae, 2.5 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of compound fertilizer are obtained in the step S3.
5. The method for improving soil preparation and afforestation on arid and steep slope sandy soil according to claim 4, wherein the compound fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in proportion of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: and (3) adding 17:3:8 of potassium fertilizer.
6. The method for improving the soil and preparing the forest according to the drought and steep slope sandy soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein excellent seedlings which are strong in vitality, obvious in trunk, thick in trunk, developed in main roots, multiple in fibrous roots, normal in leaf color, free of diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical damage are selected for transplantation and field planting in the step S4.
7. The method for improving soil preparation and afforestation on arid and steep slope sandy soil according to claim 6, wherein the seedling planting method in the step S4 is as follows: digging a set planting pit at the position of the film with the hole, and then placing the excellent nursery stock in the planting pit; and then, after the soil balls at the roots of the seedlings are planted, the planting pit is compacted in a soil returning mode, a place which is 3cm away from the top of the pit is backfilled, compaction and shaping are carried out, shaping is carried out on a position which takes the ground diameter of the seedlings as the center radius of 10cm, after the pit wall is leveled and compacted, a certain amount of loose soil is spread around the pit, and small mountain-shaped soil piles of 20cm are piled up to form a rough surface.
8. The method for improving the soil preparation and afforestation of the sandy soil on the arid steep slope according to claim 1, wherein after the planting of the seedlings in the step S4 is completed, the seedlings are backfilled and shaped into a herringbone structure within a radius range of 10cm around the ground diameter to form two small catchment cofferdams with the height of 20 cmg.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water collecting tank is provided beside one or more horizontal ditches, a water seepage pipe for water supplement of seedlings is provided beside each planting pit, at least one water seepage hole is provided on the water seepage pipe at the planting pit, and the water seepage pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank.
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