CN110612791A

CN110612791A - Resistant afforestation soil preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN110612791A
Application number: CN201810685228.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李志东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-06-18
Filing date: 2018-06-18
Publication date: 2019-12-27

Abstract

A set of resistance afforestation soil preparation method comprises soil preparation, soil improvement, mixed afforestation, healthy fertilization and covering of a moisture preservation facility, and the long sides of the sloping field are parallel to the contour lines and arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin; the flat land is aligned and arranged among rows in east and west directions, rotten farmyard manure or soil conditioner is applied to the pits, 3 trees in 1 pit are irrigated and mixed to be forested, arbor species in the center of the pit are shrub species on two sides, the bean crops are sown as green manure after the root fixing is finished and the planting pits are tidied, and the crop straws are covered in the pits.

Description

Resistant afforestation soil preparation method

The invention relates to a tree planting and afforestation, in particular to a resistance afforestation and soil preparation method.

Background art the present known method for multi-purpose local soil preparation in afforestation production, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of strip soil preparation, horizontal step soil preparation, horizontal ditch soil preparation, reverse slope terrace, hole-mounted soil preparation, block soil preparation, scale pit soil preparation, high-platform soil preparation and the like, wherein the soil preparation modes have different shapes, different labor amounts, different effects and different advantages and disadvantages, and are usually applied to practical selection in practice.

The afforestation fertilization method is mainly characterized in that afforestation fertilization is carried out on seedling raising lands and economic forest lands in a whole way, in a single way or in a tree tray way, fertilization is not considered in afforestation on barren mountains in many places, and only a few areas are applied with fertilizers in pits.

The mixed afforestation method has various modes of mixed afforestation, forest and drug intercropping and forest and virtues intercropping, such as arbor and shrub mixed hybridization, arbor and shrub and grass mixed hybridization, forest and drug intercropping (arbor and shrub type), forest and virtues intercropping and the like, can fully utilize land resources or space, is mutually beneficial and obtains the actual effect of multiple benefits.

The drought-resistant afforestation watering method is used for watering enough roots and replenishing water in time in drought seasons during afforestation, is a key technology and link for drought-resistant afforestation in drought regions, and is the first important step and factor for ensuring survival and healthy growth.

A healthy weight-increasing method, namely a bean-planting weight-increasing technology, is used in agriculture production all the time, and a single-mouth barren mountain barren slope forestation land is almost not used by people.

The method for preserving soil moisture by covering is also one of the measures for drought-resistant afforestation, and the measures for preserving soil moisture after watering are also one of the measures.

The resistance soil preparation afforestation method is different from the types and is a resistance afforestation soil preparation method for arid areas or special geographical conditions (saline-alkali soil), so that crop straws replace mulching films to serve as covering materials, the bean crops planted in the resistance soil preparation afforestation method can provide green manure for tree species, and the defects of the conventional tree planting afforestation can be overcome.

The invention aims to provide a forestation method, in particular to a set of resistance forestation soil preparation method.

The invention aims to realize the method, a set of resistance afforestation soil preparation method comprises a sloping field cultivation pit and a terrace cultivation pit, and is characterized in that: the long side of the sloping field cultivation pit is parallel to the contour line and is arranged into a Chinese character pin, decomposed farmyard manure or soil conditioner is applied into the pit and mixed with the original soil layer to form cultivation soil, one pit contains 3 trees, the middle part of the pit is provided with arbor tree species, and the two sides of the pit are provided with shrub tree species; applying decomposed farmyard manure and soil conditioner mixed with original soil into a sloping field cultivation pit, wherein 1 arbor tree species and 2 shrub tree species are cultivated in the pit, and crop straws are covered in the pit; applying decomposed farmyard manure soil conditioner and mixed culture soil of original soil into a flat land cultivation pit, wherein 1 arbor tree species and 1 shrub tree species are cultivated in the pit, and bean crops are planted in the pit; the crop straws covered in the sloping field cultivation pits and the terrace cultivation pits are wheat straws or corn straws, and the planted crops are bean crops.

By adopting the scheme, the farmhouse humus soil, the soil conditioner and the root fixing water which are mixed in the original soil are arranged at the roots of arbor species and shrub species cultured in the flat-land cultivation pits of the sloping field cultivation pits, so that the rooting speed can be accelerated, the crop straws or the planted bean crops are covered on the surfaces of the pits, the soil moisture preservation effect is good, the arranged tree pits in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' or in a vertically and horizontally aligned shape can be used for conveniently flowing rainwater into the pits in rainy days, and the covered crop straws or the bean crops can supply fertilizer for the tree species in the pits after being rotted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a triangular cultivation pit in sloping field according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a plan view of another embodiment of the delta-shaped cultivation pit shown in FIG. 1

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an embodiment of the terrace cultivation well of the present invention

FIG. 4 is a plan view of another embodiment of the terrace cultivation pit of the embodiment shown in the figure

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a sloping field cultivation pit according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5

FIG. 8 is a top view of terrace cultivation wells in the embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 9 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 8

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 8

In the figure, 1 sloping field cultivation pit 100 arbor 1-1 flat land cultivation pit 101 bush 102 crop straw 1020 bean crop 103 ridge 104 cultivation soil 1040 original soil layer 2 sloping field

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a plurality of sloping field cultivation pits 1 are in a shape of Chinese character 'pin' in a sloping field 2, rainwater can smoothly flow into the pits in rainy days, one tree species 100 and two shrub species 101 are planted in the pits, and the inner surface layers of the pits are covered with crop straws 102 or bean crops.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 3 and 4, the flat cultivating pits 1-1 are arranged in the flat in a vertical and horizontal alignment manner, wherein one arbor species 100 and two shrub species 101 are planted in the cultivating pits, and the inner surface layers of the pits are covered with crop straws 102 or planted with legume crops.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6 and fig. 7, one arbor tree species 100 and two shrub tree species 101 are planted in the sloping field cultivation pit 1, crop straws 102 are covered on the upper part of the pit, the roots of the pits are planted in the culture soil 104 formed by mixing decomposed farmyard manure or soil conditioner with raw soil, the crop straws 102 can play a role in preserving soil moisture and resisting drought, and the fertilizer efficiency can be increased after the pits are decomposed.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9 and fig. 10, one arbor species 100 and two shrub species 101 are planted in the flat cultivation pit 1-1, the upper part of the pit is covered with crop straw 102, the root of the pit is planted in culture soil 104 mixed with decomposed farmyard manure or soil conditioner, and bean crops 1020 planted in the pit can provide green manure.

The present invention will now be further explained, in the process of afforestation, due to the geographical environment, different parts of the tree species have a set of local experiences or implementation methods, but there are not only the following aspects: the embodiment can meet the environmental requirements or conditions required by different geographical positions and different tree species after transplantation, integrates the advantages of various afforestation, particularly utilizes crop straws and beans planted in pits to increase fertilizer for trees and simultaneously plants Chinese medicinal materials in the pits, not only maintains the nutrient and fertilizer effect in the pits, but also has multiple trees in one pit, allows the trees to coexist with shrubs, allows different tree species to improve the soil properties in different geographical conditions, is suitable for various tree species for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions to meet the requirements of different environments, and has wide application range, economy, applicability, environmental protection and high efficiency.

The invention mainly solves the problems that a afforestation land preparation mode is not applicable, no fertilizer is applied in a tree planting pit, a mixed mode is not advanced, coverage of soil moisture conservation materials and methods are not scientific, afforestation and afforestation are disjointed and the like. For scientific land preparation and afforestation, the afforestation survival rate and the preservation rate are comprehensively improved, the cost of land preparation and afforestation is reduced, the practical effect of achieving twice with half the effort is achieved, the promotion of ecological civilization construction and forestry industry development is accelerated, and the practical land preparation and afforestation technology is invented by combining self practice on the basis of summarizing the prior innovation achievements. Compared with the conventional technology, the invention can achieve the effects of improving the soil fertility by more than 50%, improving the afforestation survival rate and the preservation rate by more than 20%, improving the growth and development efficiency by more than 30%, and reducing the watering times by 30-40%. The defects that the previous fish scale pit or round pit and square pit soil preparation mode is difficult to cover, the air permeability of mulching film coverage is poor, the subsequent water replenishing effect is poor, the soil cannot be improved and the like can be overcome, the fertilizer application in the pit can not be realized, 1 pit and 3 trees are mutually promoted, and the actual effects of comprehensively promoting the survival rate of afforestation, the preservation rate and the healthy growth efficiency are achieved.

The invention consists of a high-efficiency soil preparation method, a soil improvement technology, a mixed afforestation technology, a health fertility increasing technology and a covering and soil moisture conservation technology. Wherein, the high-efficient soil preparation technique is the prerequisite, and soil improvement technique is the basis, and mixed afforestation technique is the form, and healthy fertility increasing technique is the promotion, and the coverage soil moisture conservation technique is the guarantee. They are an organic unity which supplement each other, promote each other and lack one another. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

firstly, the technology of soil preparation is efficient. The land preparation mode adopts rectangular pits, and the specification is as follows: the length is 1.0-2.0 m, the width is 0.6-1.0 m, the depth is 0.4-0.8 m, and the size of the pit can be flexibly adjusted according to the site conditions, forestation tree species, target tasks and the like. The arrangement mode is as follows: the long sides of the sloping field are arranged in parallel with the contour lines, the distance is 1.0-2.0 m, the lines are arranged in a delta shape, and the line spacing is 3 m; the long edge of the flat ground runs from north to south, the distance is 0.5-1.0 m, and the line spacing is 3 m. For example, in steep slopes and areas with thin soil layers and difficult construction, the rectangular pits should have small specifications and large intervals; on the contrary, in areas easy to construct such as gentle slopes, flat lands, farmland retreating and the like, the specification of rectangular pits should be a little larger and the distance between the rectangular pits should be a little smaller. So that the initial planting density of each mu of land is the same. The land preparation time is better in the rainy season of the year before afforestation. During construction and excavation, surface soil is additionally stored, dead soil is deeply excavated and ridged, and the surface soil is restored into the pit.

And step two, soil improvement technology. According to the soil type, fertility and other conditions of an afforestation site, 5-10 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to a pit (determined according to the size specification of the pit), the ratio of the manure to the soil is 8: 2 or 3: 7, and the manure and the soil are uniformly mixed. The solid soil can be selected from more cow dung, more chicken dung for intercropping medicinal materials, and the saline-alkali soil can be used for applying sulfur powder or iron fertilizer and farmyard manure into the pit. And other materials needing treatment such as soil disinfection, insect prevention, rat prevention and the like can be treated and improved before afforestation, so that good soil conditions are created for the healthy growth and development of the saplings.

And thirdly, performing mixed afforestation technology. The pit is used for afforestation of tree species, 2 shrub species can be planted on two sides according to the standing conditions and the pursuit of the target, the species can be the same or different, but the inter-species alleviality must be avoided, and the selection of the species of the same species for mixed matching is realized. For example, salt-absorbing tree species such as tamarix chinensis are selected as saline-alkali soil shrubs; the development of under-forest bee-keeping industry can select multipurpose tree species such as Nitraria sibirica pall; the medicinal tree species such as flos Lonicerae and fructus Schisandrae can be selected for forest drug intercropping; the 1-hole 3-tree and arbor-shrub mixed crossing and forest-drug intercropping design ensures that arbors can play a role of umbrella supporting and create a proper growing and developing environment for negative shrubs; meanwhile, the healthy growth and fallen leaf decay of shrubs can create a good environment for the growth and development of the root system of arbors, and play a mutual benefit and promotion role.

And step four, a health fattening technology. After the tree planting and sufficient root fixing water pouring are finished, and the flat planting tree pit is made through finishing, 1-2 bean seeds are sown, the seeds are covered with the deficient soil, and then crop straws are covered. The bean seeds germinate and grow or generate new seeds, and the seeds continue to germinate and grow to generate green manure, which is beneficial to biological nitrogen fixation and soil improvement.

And fifthly, covering a soil moisture preservation technology. The corn stalks are covered by crop stalks, most ideally, the corn stalks are broken and paved on site according to the length of a long edge, the tip heads are wholly lengthened downwards and upwards, the tip heads are tightly contacted with the pit wall without leaving gaps, and the covering thickness is about 5 cm. Other short-stalk crop straws can be covered by vertical long edges according to the condition, and are firmly pressed along the long edges by soil, stones, branches and the like, so that the straws are prevented from being rolled away by strong wind. Preferably, after the covering is completed, the pit is watered 1 more time. Or watering enough water in time after the soil in the pit is dried.

The process flow of the invention is as follows: preparing soil in real time- → soil improvement (fertilization) - → mixed afforestation- → watering root fixing water- → arranging tree planting pits- → health fertilizing- → covering and soil moisture conservation.

The application conditions of the invention are as follows: the arid and semiarid regions need to be prepared with soil, and the environments of survival and healthy growth can be ensured only by rooting water and subsequent water supplement, and the cultivation of near-natural forests is promoted, the ecological civilization construction is accelerated, and the social conditions of under-forest economy are eagerly and vigorously developed.

The application range is as follows: the method is suitable for requirements of afforestation, returning to farming, saline-alkali land afforestation, forest and drug intercropping, development of under-forest culture, development of ecological tourism and the like of barren mountains and barren slopes in arid and semi-arid regions, and covers most of the 'three north' regions, sand control regions and the like.

The invention has the obvious characteristics of soil preparation mode, fertilizing measures, mixed afforestation mode, healthy fertilizing technology, crop straw coverage soil moisture conservation and the like, and has unexpected effects on the aspects of soil moisture conservation effect, improvement of afforestation survival rate and preservation rate, growth promotion and the like. The invention overcomes the technical prejudices of mixed crossing between 1 pit and 1 tree and plants in afforestation, no fertilization, no coverage by watering, or coverage by using mulching and the like. The fish scale pit soil preparation, hole soil preparation and block soil preparation are combined, a rectangular pit soil preparation mode is innovated, 1 pit of 3 trees are guaranteed to be irrigated and mixed, and a fertilizer application and soil improvement and health fertility increasing technology and a crop straw covering and soil moisture conservation technology in the pit are created. The prior art method is well solved.

The invention replaces the practical and efficient afforestation mode of fish scale pit soil preparation, hole soil preparation and small and irregular block soil preparation pits by a rectangular pit soil preparation mode, and the practical and efficient afforestation mode of fertilizing and improving soil in the pits and irrigating and mixing 1 pit with 3 trees cannot be realized; the straw can be used as a mulching film to replace a mulching film to be used as a soil moisture conservation material, so that the requirement of soil moisture conservation can be met, the air and water permeation can be realized, the crop straw has certain fertility after being gradually decomposed, the effect of improving the soil can be realized, and meanwhile, the effect of healthy fertility increasing can be realized by planting beans in the pits. The crop straw mulching overcomes the problems and the defects of poor subsequent water permeability, no fertility increasing effect and the like of the mulching film.

Compared with the disclosed technology, the invention can achieve the effects of improving soil fertility by more than 50%, improving afforestation survival rate and preservation rate by more than 20%, improving growth and development efficiency by more than 30%, and reducing watering times by 30-40%. According to the invention, 1 pit is used for preparing 3 plants for afforestation, the technologies of fertilizing and improving soil, healthily fertilizing and fattening are adopted, crop straws are used for covering, intensive tending measures are arranged in front, the management cost for tending the young forest and the subsequent watering frequency of afforestation are reduced, the afforestation and tending are organically combined, and seamless butt joint is realized. Therefore, overall, the loss is reduced, the cost is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and more ecological, economic and social benefits can be obtained. The defects that the fish scale pits or round pits and square pits are difficult to cover in a land preparation mode, the air permeability of mulching film coverage is poor, the follow-up water replenishing effect is poor, the soil cannot be improved and the like are overcome, the fertilization in the pits cannot be realized, and the 1-pit 3-tree mixed mode achieves the actual effect of comprehensively promoting the survival rate of forestation, the preservation rate and the healthy growth efficiency.

Claims

1. A set of resistance afforestation soil preparation method comprises a sloping field cultivation pit (1) and a terrace cultivation pit (1-1), and is characterized in that: the slope cultivation pits (1) are parallel to the contour line on the long side of the slope and are arranged according to the evaluation rule, decomposed farmyard manure or soil conditioner is applied into the pits and mixed with the original soil layer to form cultivation soil (104), a pit is 3 trees, tree seeds (100) are arranged in the middle, and shrub seeds (101) are arranged on the two sides.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 for preparing a resistant forest land, wherein: the method comprises the steps of applying decomposed farmyard manure and culture soil (104) mixed by soil conditioner and original soil into a sloping field cultivation pit (1), cultivating arbor tree species (100)1 and shrub tree species (101)2 in the pit, and covering the pit with crop straws (102).

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 for preparing a resistant forest land, wherein: in the terrace cultivation pit (1-1), cultivation soil (104) mixed by decomposed farmyard manure soil conditioner and original soil is applied in the terrace (200), 1 arbor tree species (100) and 1 shrub tree species (101) are cultivated in the pit, and bean crops (1020) are planted in the pit.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 for preparing a resistant forest land, wherein: the crop straws covered in the sloping field cultivation pit (1) and the terrace cultivation pit are wheat straws or corn straws, and the planted crops are bean crops.