CN101045658A - Soil water collecting increasing agent prepared by cornstalk and production method thereof - Google Patents
Soil water collecting increasing agent prepared by cornstalk and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A water and fertilizer retaining agent of soil for increasing the yield of crops (more than 12%) is proportionally prepared from corn stalk, potassium bihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, rape dregs, urea, high-fat film, and the mixture of crop' s straw and stalk. Its preparing process is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of agent for soil expansion and increment.Particularly a kind of waste resource (maize straw) that utilizes is agent for soil expansion and increment of main raw material preparation and preparation method thereof, has opened up a new way for fully utilizing discarded stalk resource, turning waste into wealth.
Background technology
1. China's maize straw present situation
The agricultural straw resource owning amount of China occupies first place in the world.The sown area of China's grain is about 1.13 hundred million hm
2, 4.9 hundred million tons of total output of grains, grain straw ultimate productions such as corn, wheat are 500,000,000 tons, add the stalk of other crops, the annual stalk of producing is more than 600,000,000 tons.Though 2.5 hundred million tons are used to make fertile also field; 0.48 hundred million tons are used for industrial raw material; 1.8 hundred million tons are used for life of farmers fuel, but 1.2 hundred million tons of stalks residue is still arranged, this 20% stalk that accounts for total amount is stacked before peasant's room behind the house, becomes domestic refuse or burns in vain.Agricultural crop straw is a first renewable resources on the earth, it is the significant by-products of farm crop, burning has caused the huge waste of resource, on the other hand, when burning, in air, emit objectionable impuritiess such as a large amount of sulfurous gas, phenylpropyl alcohol pyrrole and polluted air, endanger the healthy of people, influenced the safety of traffic shipping, people's lives and properties and the normal growth of farm crop simultaneously.Remain the problems that are treated as the agriculture production saliency of stalks in a large number, become the focus and the difficult point of government's care, social concerns, public opinion concern.
Along with the continuous development of science and technology, domestic development and use to stalk have at present had very big development, and its product relates to farmland fertilizer, animal-feed, domestic life, material of construction, industrial generation, Chemicals, textile product etc.As seen, do the comprehensive utilization of agricultural crop straw well, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good, be of great immediate significance and strategic importance.In these areas, many advanced experiences of industrially developed country such as Japan, the U.S., Germany and treatment process very worth we use for reference.But it is few to utilize it to improve agricultural soil preserve moisture and fertility report.
2. external maize straw comprehensive utilization present situation
At present, abroad about utilizing maize straw to produce the soil agent for soil expansion and increment, the multifunctional comprehensive of turning waste into wealth utilizes technology, and the author yet there are no report.
3. domestic maize straw comprehensive utilization present situation
At present, most maize straws are directly incinerated in the field, and this not only causes the great wasting of resources, and bring serious topsoil.In recent years, stalk output being along with improving constantly of major product unit output such as grains and increase sharply, and the superfluous maize straw after how handling these and utilizing has become the difficult problem in the agricultural production process.Comprehensive utilization to maize straw now has following several respects:
(1) stalk is made fuel.Stalk is made fuel still based on direct burning, and is unhygienic, and energy utilization rate only is 13%.Occurred the gasifying stalk technology in recent years, and, obtained combustible gas and make fuel by to stalk incomplete combustion or destructive distillation.What also have makes fuel with stalk by biological fermentation generation biogas.These biomass energy transformation technologies can improve 2 times-4 times of energy utilization.The rural area renewable energy source construction of attaching most importance to biogas, biomass energy; alleviated the situation of Rural areas power supply shortage; changed the traditional pattern of lighting a fire and cooking in rural area; satisfied the demand of peasant to high-grade energy; improve the life of farmers quality, adapted to modernized new development of countryside demand, can consume a large amount of agricultural crop straws simultaneously; be a kind of mode that realizes the stalk treatment scaleization, but use seldom at present.
(2) stalk is made feed.The stalk stock keeping, mistake abdomen also field is the very high straw utilization mode of a kind of benefit.Stalk is handled through ensiling, ammonification, little storage, and the livestock and poultry of feeding promote the herding development to rise in value and increase income, and make stalk cross also field of abdomen.Space, potentiality that China utilizes agricultural crop straw to develop animal husbandry are also very big.Say technically at present, straw ensiling, ammonification and little storage technique comparative maturity, what need research is further to optimize feed preparation and the high variety of crops seed selection of the feeding rate of stalk.
(3) stalk is made fertilizer.Stalk as fertilizer also the method utilized of field have 3 kinds: 1. stalk stack retting field (also claiming During High-Temperature Composting) also.The time that is characterized in long, affected by environment big, labour intensity is high, quantum of output is few, with low cost.Employing amount in rural area gradually reduces at present.2. mechanize straw-returning.Maize straw and maize straw be through the mechanical disintegration direct returning to farmland, is that agricultural and agricultural machinery popularization department are characterized in that for solving the project of utilizing problem to widely popularize of residue stalk mechanization of operation degree height, stalk treatment time are short in recent years.But because that the peasant is familiar with is not in place, and straw-returning facility owning amount is less relatively, implements area and can implement area at a distance of very big.3. utilize biochemical quick composting technology to make the high-quality fertilizer.This is a kind of nineties in international 20th century of application of an advanced biotechnology, uses state-of-the-art facility and means control production process, stalk is manufactured the advanced method of high-quality biological organic fertilizer.Be the current new and high technology of utilizing, the optimal path of extensive, high efficiency production organic fertilizer.But exist production unit introduction, digest and assimilate and DOMESTICATION PROBLEM.
(4) stalk is made base-material.At present, be mainly used in edible fungus culturing.Stalk kind mushroom is to handle the good method that stalk is achieved many things at one stroke.
(5) stalk is made starting material.Be mainly used in papermaking, be used to make screen, cutlery box, wrapping plate, insulating board, lagging material, artificial charcoal, gac etc. in addition on a small quantity.As industrial chemicals just still less, make the stalk amount that starting material consume and only account for about 3% of national output.
Water scarcity is the hot issue of the world today, and China is again large agricultural country, and a large amount of underground water are extracted irrigation, and ground water table is constantly descended, and formation is taken out and more fallen the vicious cycle of falling and more taking out.Guiding theory of the present invention utilizes waste to prepare agent for soil expansion and increment as medium exactly, improve the water holding water retention capacity of soil in being manured into soil, reduce water consumption in the agricultural development, improve the natural rainfall utilization ratio, and this product also can improve the fertility of soil.So both promoted agricultural development, and turned waste into wealth again and protected environment.And up to the present, as the agricultural water conservation engineering, the data of producing agent for soil expansion and increment yet there are no report with maize straw.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of agent for soil expansion and increment and production method thereof of maize straw preparation, raw material adopts maize straw, crop mixed straw, rape slag the like waste matter, produce the new soil compatibilizer product of the favourable ecological agriculture, these products can be widely used in the ecological agriculture water-saving engineering, help making full use of natural rainfall, preserve moisture and fertility, increasing both production and income.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of agent for soil expansion and increment of maize straw preparation, it is characterized in that, this agent for soil expansion and increment that makes is made up of following raw material and weight percent thereof: the maize straw powder: potassium primary phosphate 35%～45%: diammonium phosphate 10%～20%: rape slag 15%～20%: urea 10%～15%: 1%～3%, high fat film: mixed straw 1%～2%: 10%～18%, the per-cent sum of above-mentioned raw materials is 100%.
The production method of above-mentioned agent for soil expansion and increment, it is characterized in that, it is main raw material that this method is selected the maize straw in the agriculture production for use, and adds auxiliary material potassium primary phosphate, diammonium phosphate, rape slag, urea, high fat film and other crop mixed straws, specifically comprises the following steps:
Maize straw is ground to below the 1mm after crushed, crosses 20 mesh sieves, obtain the maize straw powder; With the auxiliary material potassium primary phosphate, diammonium phosphate, the rape slag, the farm crop mixed straw is air-dry, and separated pulverizing also is ground to below the 1mm, and it is standby to cross 20 mesh sieves; With maize straw 35%～45%, potassium primary phosphate 10%～20%, diammonium phosphate 15%～20%, rape slag 10%～15%, urea 1%～3%, high fat film 1%～2%, mixed straw: 10%～18% stirs, through granulating, packing promptly.
The comprehensive utilization ratio that the agent for soil expansion and increment that adopts the present invention to prepare can fully improve maize straw in the agriculture production turns waste into wealth.With the agent for soil expansion and increment of its preparation, can improve efficiency of water application more than 10%, more can increasing both production and income.Prove that through experimental study the agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention's preparation is applied to crops such as cotton, the pedosphere water content of liftoff surperficial 20cm-30cm increases more than 8%, per hectare water saving 1000m
3More than, can increase production more than 12%, the peasant saves 3000 yuan/hm of investment
2More than.Produce 100 tons enterprise daily, year can produce 30000 surplus ton agent for soil expansion and increment product, surplus the output value 3,000 ten thousand yuan, save natural rainwater 3,000 ten thousand m
3More than.Can arrange the 300-500 people of surplus rural labor force, ten thousand yuan of increasing peasant income 300-500, annual product can use 2,000,000 hectares of land areas, 7,500 ten thousand yuan of increasing both production and income.Therefore have good social benefit, environmental benefit and ecological benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation method's process flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is base mateiral soaking effect figure;
Fig. 3 is a base mateiral water conservation design sketch;
Fig. 4 is the influence figure of agent for soil expansion and increment to the seedling dry weight.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that accompanying drawing and contriver provide.
Embodiment
Agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention is meant the improving conservation ability and promoting absorption ability that can effectively improve soil aggregate, increase the soil active porosity, suppresses the soil surface invalid evaporation, effectively improves the matrix material of soil water retention water retention capacity.
Below be the embodiment that the contriver provides; need to prove that these embodiment are the more excellent example of the present invention; the present invention is not limited to these embodiment; those skilled in the art is according to scheme disclosed by the invention; the equivalence that technical characterictic is wherein done is replaced, added, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The agent for soil expansion and increment of present embodiment, form by following raw material and weight percent thereof: maize straw: potassium primary phosphate 40%: diammonium phosphate 10%: rape slag 20%: urea 10%: 1%, high fat film: crop mixed straw 1%: 18%.
Make the method for above-mentioned agent for soil expansion and increment, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) maize straw in the material choice farm crop is pulverized and is ground to below the 1mm (20 order) sieving for standby after grinding.
(2) again with the auxiliary material potassium primary phosphate, diammonium phosphate, the rape slag, mixing crop materials etc. are air-dry, pulverize, and grind, and it is standby to cross 1 millimeter (20 order) sieve.
(3) with maize straw powder 40%, potassium primary phosphate 10%, diammonium phosphate 20%, rape slag 10%, urea 1%, high fat film 1%, crop mixed straw 18% mix, and stir.
Nodulizer through routine is granulated (adopting green hill, Shandong city nodulizer), packing (25 kilograms/bag) can obtain agent for soil expansion and increment.
Above-mentioned crop mixed straw can be the mixture of wheat straw stalk and sorghum rod, or the mixture of other crop material.
Embodiment 2:
The composition of present embodiment and embodiment 1 different is raw material is different, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.Raw material and weight percent thereof consist of: the maize straw powder: potassium primary phosphate 35%: diammonium phosphate 15%: rape slag 15%: urea 15%: 2%, and high fat film: crop mixed straw 1.5%: 16.5%.
Embodiment 3:
The composition of present embodiment and embodiment 1 different is raw material is different, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Raw material and weight percent thereof consist of: the maize straw powder: potassium primary phosphate 45%: diammonium phosphate 18%: rape slag 15%: urea 10%: 1%, and high fat film: crop mixed straw 1%: 10%.
Embodiment 4:
The composition of present embodiment and embodiment 1 different is raw material is different, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Raw material and weight percent thereof consist of: the maize straw powder: potassium primary phosphate 40%: diammonium phosphate 16%: rape slag 15%: urea 15%: 1%, and high fat film: crop mixed straw 2%: 11%.
Embodiment 5:
The composition of present embodiment and embodiment 1 different is raw material is different, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Raw material and weight percent thereof consist of: the maize straw powder: 40%, and potassium primary phosphate: 15%, diammonium phosphate: rape slag 15%: urea 12%: 3%, high fat film: crop mixed straw 1%: 14%.
Embodiment 6:
The composition of present embodiment and embodiment 1 different is raw material is different, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Raw material and weight percent thereof consist of: the maize straw powder: potassium primary phosphate 35%: diammonium phosphate 15%: rape slag 15%: urea 20%: 2%, and high fat film: crop mixed straw 1%: 12%.
High fat film in the foregoing description is to study success by professor Han Jinsheng of Beijing Agricultural University before 20 years, and using on crops such as fruit tree has certain effect.High fat film is a kind of oily matter, experimental results show that adding an amount of high fat film has certain promoter action to water-retaining effect.
Adopt agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention, the per hectare consumption is 750kg-1500kg.Experiment shows that crops such as cotton can be increased production more than 12%, improves water use efficiency more than 10%, in the arid and semi-arid area, can make full use of natural rainfall, and preserve moisture and fertility is increase soil fertility, and helps ecological protection.
The present invention takes the indoor method that combines with field experiment, and the agent for soil expansion and increment of preparation is verified, experiment is taked base mateiral to pulverize, grind back dress nutrition pot, placed in the porcelain dish method of suction, dehydration voluntarily.With soil is contrast, repeats four times, tests 2-3 time continuously, calculates its water-absorbent, rate of water absorption, water-retentivity and dehydration characteristic then.It is preferential that to select suction, water conservation, basic Chu material that dehydration effect is good be the compatibilizer main raw material, auxiliary material is selected inorganic organic fertilizer of favourable improving conservation ability and promoting absorption ability and compound, further pulverize, grind, capable again nutrition pot suction voluntarily, water conservation, dehydration experiment after stirring, soil is contrast, repeat 4 times, test 2-3 time continuously, calculate water-absorbent, rate of water absorption, water-retentivity and dehydration characteristic then.Preferential suction, water conservation, the improving conservation ability and promoting absorption ability agent prescription that dehydration effect is good selected, carry out the simulated experiment of soil different levels, carry out Different Crop aquatic foods in seedling stage, dry weight evaluation by material behavior and product cost, further testing soil compatibilizer product therefrom screens best prescription and amount of application to the influence of crops seedling stage aquatic foods, dry weight.In this basic Chu, the field experiment of going is again demonstrated.Through the multiple years experiment and demonstration, select the best prescription of effect, processing is produced, and check is promoted in the land for growing field crops.Water conservation, dehydration EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE:
The selection of the base mateiral of agent for soil expansion and increment is most important, and employed raw material of all compound agentes and auxiliary material all have functions such as suction, water conservation, dehydration.In view of the above, the contriver has designed suction, water conservation, the dehydration experiment of differing texture base mateiral, and experimental result sees Table 1, table 2, Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Table 1. base mateiral soaking effect figure
| Base mateiral suction table | Once | Secondary | Three times | Four times | Five times |
| (gram) | |||||
| Soil (CK) | 52.13 | 58.38 | 61.33 | 62.49 | 64.92 |
| Straw charcoal | 103.93 | 132.65 | 134.96 | 136.95 | 155.59 |
| Coal gangue | 75.21 | 75.72 | 76.49 | 77.24 | 85.06 |
| Maize straw | 75.90 | 400.15 | 421.55 | 442.45 | 1011.75 |
| Wheat stalk | 94.41 | 543.15 | 601 | 652.25 | 1066.95 |
| Life slag | 97.08 | 124.53 | 126.7 | 128.28 | 133.75 |
| Building waste | 56.86 | 57.88 | 58.76 | 59.29 | 61.4 |
| The Semen Brassicae campestris slag | 72.56 | 93.65 | 95.14 | 95.61 | 182.03 |
Table 2. base mateiral dehydration effect table (gram)
| Soil (ck) | Charcoal | Coal gangue | Maize straw | Wheat stalk | Life slag | Building waste | The Semen Brassicae campestris slag | |
| Water content after six days (g) | 11.098 | 68.098 | 23.426 | 526.215 | 565.363 | 27.403 | 13.39 | 108.444 |
By table 1, table 2, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 as can be known: corn and wheat stalk water-absorbent are the strongest, are more than 20 times of weight own; After (50 ℃ of temperature, humidity 30%) dehydration in six days, therefore 48 times of being equivalent to contrast of water content, have suitable water-retentivity; And be the good carrier of diammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate; Rape slag water-absorbent is apparently higher than soil (contrast).Therefore, above base mateiral is the quality matetrial of synthetic agent for soil expansion and increment.
The experimental studies results of agent for soil expansion and increment
After utilizing the synthetic agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention of base mateiral,, crop (cotton etc.) aquatic foods in seedling stage, dry weight are had good promoter action, see table 3, Fig. 4 for details through experimental study.
Table 3: the agent for soil expansion and increment different levels is to the influence of cotton seedling dry weight
| Contrast |
| 1 | Formulations reference 2 | | | | | | | | |
| 1-28CK | 9-12CK | 1-24CK | On average | On average | On average | On average | On average | On average | |
| Seedling dry weight (g/ strain) | 0.039 | 0.046 | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.048 | 0.062 | 0.069 | 0.063 | 0.068 |
By table 3, Fig. 4 as can be known, utilize maize straw to produce agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention, show in the cotton in seedling stage experimental result, higher 2 percentage points than soil (contrast), the compatibilizer soil moisture conservation of not only economizing on water is described, and can increase soil fertility, promote cotton seedling growth, increase dry-matter accumulation, therefore, utilize waste resource production agent for soil expansion and increment such as building waste, be undoubtedly water-saving agriculture, an innovative technology of the ecological agriculture.
The technique effect that the present invention brings is:
(1) environmental benefit
Utilize maize straw, crop material, rape slag and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, after mixing, produce the auxiliary materials such as Diammonium phosphate (DAP) agent for soil expansion and increment, greatly reduce the chance of growing of mosquitos and flies etc., reduce the pathogen time-to-live, cut off pathogen and propagated into human approach, avoided the potential threat of city sewage and sludge secondary pollution and municipal refuse. The crops maize straw is back to use in the nature; in the protection urban environment; solved again cause on the agricultural partially execute inorganic fertilizer, make the problems such as soil nutrient is out of proportion, soil degradation, be conducive to the sustainable development of agroecological environment benign cycle and agricultural economy.
(2) social benefit
The waste resources such as maize straw, rape slag, crop mixed straw are fully fully utilized, produce the agricultural soil compatibilizer, for agricultural sector provides high-quality, inexpensive, efficient ecological fertilizer, crop yield is increased income, turn waste into wealth simultaneously, both develop environmental protection industry, also increased new job opportunity for city, rural area simultaneously.
(3) economic benefit
If carry out business accounting by the production capacity of producing 3000 ten thousand tons per year, the agent for soil expansion and increment cost price of producing according to the method for this research is 800～850 yuan/tons, and commercially available efficient NPK market price is generally 1100～1200 yuan/tons, can increase by 30,000,000 yuan of output values every year. Therefore agent for soil expansion and increment of the present invention has preferably economic benefit, and market application foreground is extensive.
Claims (2)
1. the agent for soil expansion and increment of maize straw preparation, it is characterized in that, this agent for soil expansion and increment that makes is made up of following raw material and weight percent thereof: maize straw: potassium primary phosphate 35%～45%: 10%～20%, diammonium phosphate: 15%～20%, the rape slag: 10%～15%, urea: 1%～3%, high fat film: 1%～2%, the crop mixed straw: 10%～18%, the per-cent sum of above-mentioned raw materials is 100%.
2. the production method of the agent for soil expansion and increment of the described maize straw of claim 1 preparation, it is characterized in that: it is main raw material that this method is selected maize straw for use, and add potassium primary phosphate, diammonium phosphate, rape slag, crop mixed straw, urea, high fat film, specifically comprise the following steps:
At first the foreign material that are mixed with in the maize straw are removed, chopping is ground to below the 1mm more then, crosses 20 mesh sieves, obtains the maize straw powder; With maize straw: potassium primary phosphate 35%～45%: diammonium phosphate 10%～20%: rape slag 15%～20%: urea 10%～15%: 1%～3%, high fat film: crop mixed straw 1%～2%: 10%～18% mixes, stir, through granulating, packing promptly.
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| CN101481280B (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2011-11-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water-retaining fertilizer-keeping agent for soil and preparation thereof |
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| CN101481280B (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2011-11-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water-retaining fertilizer-keeping agent for soil and preparation thereof |
| CN101486617B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-05-30 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Granular organic fertilizer of soil for improving conservation ability and promoting absorption ability |
| CN101919341A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-22 | 科林·奥斯汀 | Soil beds |
| CN101585735B (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-05-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Storage capacity-expanding solubilized fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN101580435B (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-05-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Special soil storage-enlarging capacity-enhancing fertilizer for fruit trees, and preparation method thereof |
| CN101698624B (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-08-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wheat special soil fertilizer for improving water use efficiency and increasing yield prepared with saw dust |
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| CN101698626B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-06-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil amendment fertilizer prepared by rape straws and specially used for wheat and production method |
| CN101698625B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-08-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil amendment fertilizer prepared by turfs and specially used for corns and production method thereof |
| CN102603404A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 王真明 | Method for preparing fertilizer water-conserving block and medical dressing by using dried cornstalk core |
| CN102603404B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-18 | 王真明 | Method for preparing fertilizer water-conserving block and medical dressing by using dried cornstalk core |
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