CN1008729B - 过滤液态金属的气泡状陶瓷材料过滤器及其制备工艺和用以过滤高熔点液态金属和合金的方法 - Google Patents

过滤液态金属的气泡状陶瓷材料过滤器及其制备工艺和用以过滤高熔点液态金属和合金的方法

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CN1008729B
CN1008729B CN87101800A CN87101800A CN1008729B CN 1008729 B CN1008729 B CN 1008729B CN 87101800 A CN87101800 A CN 87101800A CN 87101800 A CN87101800 A CN 87101800A CN 1008729 B CN1008729 B CN 1008729B
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劳斯·明约勒
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Abstract

一种过滤液态金属的过滤器,是由富铝红柱石和二氧化锆组成的气泡状陶瓷材料制成,用于过滤熔点极高的液态金属或合金。

Description

本发明涉及用气泡状或蜂窝状陶瓷材料制成的过滤液态金属的过滤器、过滤器的制造工艺及用以过滤高熔点金属或合金如钢、铸铁和难熔金属合金的方法。
已知的用于过滤极高熔点的液态金属或合金的过滤器由二氧化锆或氧化铝的气泡状陶瓷材料制成。
这类过滤器的缺点是太重,又经常出现热脆性。
已知,汽车工业上使用的是成本较低的、由堇青石或气泡状的堇青石和富铝红柱石混合物制成的盘形或海绵状过滤器。这种过滤器的使用温度限于1500℃左右,不能用于过滤1650℃左右的熔融钢。
申请人提出一种气泡状陶瓷材料制成的新颖过滤器。这种过滤器在价格上有竞争性,与液态金属的浸润性好、耐高温热冲击,因而适合在1800℃左右的温度下使用。
本发明提出的过滤液态金属的过滤器用具有正面开口孔隙度为50~80%的气泡状陶瓷材料,其特征在于此陶瓷材料由10~20%SiO2,50~60%Al2O3和20~40%ZrO2组成,其中的百分数是该氧化物在三种氧化物总重量中所占的重量百分。Al2O3和SiO2是结合成富铝红柱石3Al2O32SiO2的,二氧化锆和富铝红柱石的总重量至少是陶瓷材料重量的90%。
过滤器的生产,可以将三种分别的氧化物SiO2、Al2O3和ZrO2按重量比10~20/50~60/20~40做成混合物,或者将富铝红柱石和二氧化锆按重量比60~80/20~40做成混合物,或者是将含45~55%(重量)的硅酸锆(优先选择50±1%)和45~55%(重量)的氧化铝(优先选择50±1%)的组合物(SiO2·Al2O3和ZrO2混合物的先驱体)做成混合,然后成型,使其具有50~80%的正面开口孔隙度的气泡或蜂窝结构。在1650~1750℃的烧固-烧结工序之前或之后,将按上述方法制得的气泡状材料加工成所需形状的过滤器。
如果起始料是前驱体组合物,所说的组合物在烧结过程中完全地或部分地化学转变成SiO2,Al2O3,2SiO23Al2O3和ZrO2的混合物。
起始组合物,即SiO2+Al2O3+ZrO2的混合物,富铝红柱石-二氧化锆混合物或所说混合物的前驱体 组合物一般都是1~5μm级的颗粒。
成型工序是根据所需要的蜂窝或气泡状结构用熟知的方法进行的。
如果是制备海绵状结构,最普通的方法是制备起始混合物的水悬浮体(滑泥),水悬浮体中的干提取物为50~80%,一般接近65%。将具有适当正面开口孔隙度的有机海绵体浸在该悬浮体中,在不加热的情况下干燥,然后在1650~1750℃温度范围内烧固;随后将得到的制品切成过滤器的所需形状。
如果要制备多边形几何形状的多孔结构的过滤器,可以使用已知的挤压工艺,特别是US3,905,743,US3,919,384等专利中所描述的工艺,这些工艺是关于从所说的氧化物混合物或前驱体组合物加水和挤压添加剂以生产等壁厚的薄壁蜂窝结构的。
起始材料为各种氧化物的混合物时,水的用量比是氧化物总重量的8~12%;起始材料是前驱体组合物时,水的用量比是氧化物总重量的10~15%。
常用的几种挤压添加剂如下:
-增塑剂(诸如有机凝胶体或各种规格的聚乙烯醇、羧基甲基纤维素);用量是氧化物总重量的0~3%,
-润滑剂(诸如各种油脂、油、蜡等):用量是氧化物总重量的0~15%
加工成型后,所制得的未烧固的材料在60~90℃温度范围内干燥除水,切成过滤器所需要的形状和尺寸,然后在足够高的温度烧固足够的时间,得到烧结的陶瓷材料。
烧固和烧结工序最好在1650~1750℃温度范围内进行,在该温度下保持15分钟至2小时。
用上述方法可以生产由具有下述特性的材料制成的过滤器:
-在20~1000℃温度范围内的线膨胀系数小于6.5×10-6/℃
-开口孔隙度为0~30%
-松装密度为2.6~3.8
这些特性使过滤器特别适合于过滤高熔点液态金属或金属合金,尤其是用于过滤在大约1650℃、甚至高达1800℃注入的各种金属或合金,例如钢。
过滤器的形状采用常用的气泡状陶瓷材料过滤器的形状,例如正方板状、盘状等。其尺寸由单位时间内过滤的金属或金属合金的量和装置过滤器的过滤箱的容积而定。过滤器的厚度一般是5~15mm。如为多边形几何形状的多孔结构时,每平方厘米可以有35~50个通道,截面是边长1~5mm的正方形。
以本发明的过滤器过滤液态金属或合金是用已知的方法进行的。该过滤器能机械地挡住粗颗粒杂质并把非金属夹杂(氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、卤化物)物理吸附到过滤器的多孔网内,即使非金属夹杂物的尺寸小于过滤器的微孔。
本发明用下列实施例说明,但不能认为是对本发明的范围和实质的限制。
实施例1
混合物由30.5%(重量)ZrO2SCCA4(Magnesium ElectronG.B.),17%(重量)SiO2和52%(重量)Al2O3组成。SiO2和Al2O3由电熔融的富铝红柱石(150号,取自Cadwoods RefractoriesG.B.)提供。该混合物在球磨机(或振动破碎机)内破碎,直到颗粒的平均直径达到2μm。
按下列组成制备挤压组合物:
-79.6%(重量)的按上述方法制备混合物粉粒
-9.6%(重量)的Gerland公司出售的工业级凡士林916
-1.2%(重量)的Rhone-Poulenc出售的聚乙烯醇RhodoviolPS125
-9.6%(重量)的水。
这些混合物在陶瓷工业常用的混料器中制成软膏状。(例如装有Z型臂的混料器或有研磨石的混料器)。
用上述方法制成的配料在挤压机或螺旋式压力机上挤压。挤压力约200巴,速度为5厘米/秒。装备有生产蜂窝状结构的挤压模。该模子有很多均匀隔开的又互相连接的排出口,在模子出口处形成边长51mm的正方形格网,网上有很多边长1.5mm的正方形开口,间距0.34mm。
所制得的均匀结构物再于90℃下干燥。
经干燥的结构物,收缩后,切成边长为49mm的正方形底、高11mm的平行六面体,然后在1700℃的煤气炉中焙烧2小时。
制成的过滤器具有下述性能和特性:
材料的化学性能
-矿物组成:ZrO230%
富铝红柱石70%
-化学组成:ZrO2+HfO2杂质 30.5%
Al2O352%
SiO217%
其他氧化物    0.5%
材料的物理性能
-松装密度    3.23
-开口孔隙度    15%
-20~1000℃间的线膨胀系数 6×10-6/℃
过滤器的特性
-尺寸    44.5×44.5mm×mm
-厚度    10mm
-壁厚    0.3mm
-通道的流量截面    1.3×1.3mm×mm
-过滤器的流量截面 14cm2
-每平方厘米的通道数    39
-正面开口孔隙度    66%
上述性能和特性使得过滤器可用于过滤球墨铸铁。这种铸铁可用于制造柴油机汽缸盖。
实施例2
制备由下列成分组成的组合物:
-硅酸锆(锆英石)    38.3%(重量)
-氧化铝    38.3%(重量)
-工业级凡士林910    8.1%(重量)
-聚乙烯醇Rhodoviod    PS125    1.4%(重量)
-水    13.9%(重量)
按实施例1所述的工艺将该组合物进行制膏、干燥、切割和烧固-烧结。
制得的过滤器具有与实施例1所制成的过滤器相同的性能和特性。
实施例3
按下列组成制备组合物(按重量计):
-二氧化锆SCCA430.5份
-SiO217.5份(磨碎至2μ的Nemours沙)
-氧化铝A15(Alcoa)52份,再加入下列物质:
·工业级凡士林910    12.1份
·聚乙烯醇Rhodoviol    PS    125    1.5份
·水    12.5份
按实施例1所述的工艺将该组合物进行制膏、干燥、切割和烧固-烧结。
制得的过滤器具有与实施例1所制成的过滤器相同的性能和特性。

Claims (9)

1、一种用于过滤液态金属的过滤器,由正面开口孔隙度为50~80%的气泡状陶瓷材料制成,其特征是所说的陶瓷材料由10~20%SiO2,50~60%Al2O3和20~40%ZrO2组成,其中的百分数以该氧化物在三种氧化物总重量中所占的重量百分表示,Al2O3和SiO2是结合成富铝红柱石3Al2O32SiO2的,二氧化锆和富铝红柱石的总重量至少是陶瓷材料重量的90%。
2、根据权利要求1所说的过滤器的制备工艺,其特征是:
-制取混合物,可以是以SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2三种氧化物为原料、其重量比为SiO2/Al2O3/ZrO2=10~20/50~60/20~40的混合物;或者是以富铝红柱石和二氧化锆为原料、重量比为富铝红柱石/二氧化锆=60~80/20~40的混合物;或者是SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2混合物的前驱体组合物,含硅酸锆和氧化铝,其中硅酸锆的重量百分比是45~55%,氧化铝的重量百分比是45~55%;
-将所说的混合物或所说的前驱体组合物加工成具有正面开口孔隙度为50~80%的气泡状结构,
-将用上述方法制成的气泡状材料加工成所需形状的过滤器,该工序可以在烧固-烧结之前、也可以在烧固-烧结之后进行,烧固-烧结的温度在1650~1750℃。
3、根据权利要求2所说的工艺,其特征是所说的前驱体组合物含有50±1%(重量)的氧化铝和50±1%(重量)的硅酸锆。
4、根据权利要求2或3所说的工艺,其特征是加工成型工序在挤压机上进行,以形成多孔结构。
5、根据权利要求4所说的工艺,其特征是所说的挤压机是生产蜂窝结构的挤压机。
6、根据权利要求4所说的工艺,其特征是将气泡材料加工成所需形状的过滤器这一工序是在烧固-烧结前,用切割方法完成。
7、根据权利要求2或3所说的工艺,其特征是加工成型工序是将带开口微孔的有机海绵体以三种氧化物的混合物或者以富铝红柱石和二氧化锆的混合物或者所说混合物的前驱体组合物浸渍;将气泡状材料加工成所需形状的过滤器是在烧固-烧结之后用切割方法完成的。
8、按照权利要求2所述方法制成的过滤器。
9、一种应用按照权利要求1所述的过滤器过滤液态金属或合金的方法,是在1650~1800℃温度范围内从过滤器的上方浇入液态金属或合金。
CN87101800A 1986-03-19 1987-03-10 过滤液态金属的气泡状陶瓷材料过滤器及其制备工艺和用以过滤高熔点液态金属和合金的方法 Expired CN1008729B (zh)

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FR8603888 1986-03-19
FR8603888A FR2599990B1 (fr) 1986-03-19 1986-03-19 Filtre pour metaux liquides a base de materiau ceramique alveolaire, son procede de preparation et son application a la filtration de metaux ou d'alliages liquides de tres haut point de fusion

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DE3784092T2 (de) 1993-07-01
EP0466215A3 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0243217B1 (fr) 1993-02-10
AU7015887A (en) 1987-09-24
NO871083D0 (no) 1987-03-17
JPH0366373B2 (zh) 1991-10-17
DE3784092D1 (de) 1993-03-25
EP0243217A1 (fr) 1987-10-28
KR910001896B1 (ko) 1991-03-30
BR8701212A (pt) 1987-12-29
US4921616A (en) 1990-05-01
FR2599990B1 (fr) 1993-03-26
FR2599990A1 (fr) 1987-12-18
JPS62278235A (ja) 1987-12-03
ATE85531T1 (de) 1993-02-15
EP0466215A2 (fr) 1992-01-15
ZA871972B (en) 1987-11-25
FI871216A0 (fi) 1987-03-19
CN87101800A (zh) 1987-10-14
PT84511A (fr) 1987-04-01
DK170872B1 (da) 1996-02-26
AU584499B2 (en) 1989-05-25
IL81944A (en) 1991-01-31
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