CN1008729B - The bubble-like ceramic material strainer of filtering liquid metal and preparation technology thereof and in order to the method for filtering high melting point liquid metal and alloy - Google Patents

The bubble-like ceramic material strainer of filtering liquid metal and preparation technology thereof and in order to the method for filtering high melting point liquid metal and alloy

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Publication number
CN1008729B
CN1008729B CN87101800A CN87101800A CN1008729B CN 1008729 B CN1008729 B CN 1008729B CN 87101800 A CN87101800 A CN 87101800A CN 87101800 A CN87101800 A CN 87101800A CN 1008729 B CN1008729 B CN 1008729B
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China
Prior art keywords
strainer
liquid metal
weight
mixture
bubble
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
CN87101800A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN87101800A (en
Inventor
劳斯·明约勒
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Ceramic & Composite Material Co
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Ceramic & Composite Material Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN87101800A publication Critical patent/CN87101800A/en
Publication of CN1008729B publication Critical patent/CN1008729B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2093—Ceramic foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/185—Mullite 3Al2O3-2SiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
    • C22B9/023—By filtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of strainer of filtering liquid metal is made by the bubble-like ceramic material that mullite and zirconium dioxide are formed, and is used to filter high liquid metal of fusing point or alloy.

Description

The bubble-like ceramic material strainer of filtering liquid metal and preparation technology thereof and in order to the method for filtering high melting point liquid metal and alloy
The present invention relates to the filtering liquid metal made with air bubble-shaped or ceramic honeycomb material strainer, strainer manufacturing process and in order to the method for filtering high melting point metal or alloy such as steel, cast iron and refractory metal alloy.
Knownly be used to filter the liquid metal of high fusing point or the strainer of alloy is made by the bubble-like ceramic material of zirconium dioxide or aluminum oxide.
The shortcoming of this class strainer is too heavy, often occurs red brittleness again.
Known, what use on the automotive industry is dish type or spongy strainer lower-cost, that made by the trichroite and the mullite mixture of trichroite or air bubble-shaped.The use temperature of this strainer is limited to about 1500 ℃, can not be used to filter the molten steel about 1650 ℃.
The applicant proposes the novel strainer that a kind of bubble-like ceramic material is made.This strainer is competitive on price, and, high temperature heat-resistant good with the wetting property of liquid metal impacted, thereby is adapted at using under the temperature about 1800 ℃.
It is 50～80% bubble-like ceramic material that the filter appliance of the filtering liquid metal that the present invention proposes has the front openings porosity, it is characterized in that this stupalith is by 10～20%SiO 2, 50～60%Al 2O 3With 20～40%ZrO 2Form, percentage ratio wherein is this oxide compound shared weight percent in three kinds of oxide compound gross weights.Al 2O 3And SiO 2Be to be combined into mullite 3Al 2O 32SiO 2, the gross weight of zirconium dioxide and mullite is 90% of stupalith weight at least.
The production of strainer can be with three kinds of other oxide S of branch iO 2, Al 2O 3And ZrO 2Do resulting mixture by weight 10～20/50～60/20～40, perhaps mullite and zirconium dioxide are done resulting mixture by weight 60～80/20～40, or will contain 45～55%(weight) zirconium silicate (preferentially selecting 50 ± 1%) and 45～55%(weight) the composition (SiO of aluminum oxide (preferentially selecting 50 ± 1%) 2Al 2O 3And ZrO 2The precursor of mixture) make mixing, moulding then makes it have the bubble or the honeycomb structure of 50～80% front openings porosity.Before or after 1650～1750 ℃ bake-sintering circuit, the air bubble-shaped materials processing that makes is as stated above become the strainer of desired shape.
To expect be precursor composition if rise, said composition in sintering process completely or partially chemical transformation become SiO 2, Al 2O 3, 2SiO 23Al 2O 3And ZrO 2Mixture.
Starting composition, i.e. SiO 2+ Al 2O 3+ ZrO 2Mixture, the precursor composition of mullite-zirconia mixture or said mixture generally all is the particle of 1～5 μ m level.
Molding procedure is to carry out with the method for knowing according to needed honeycomb or bubble structure.
If the preparation spongy structure, prevailing method is the water suspension (slip) of preparation starting mixt, and the dry extract in the water suspension is 50～80%, generally near 65%.Organic cavernous body that will have suitable front openings porosity is immersed in this suspensoid, and is dry under situation about not heating, and bakes in 1650～1750 ℃ of temperature ranges then; Subsequently the goods that obtain are cut into the desired shape of strainer.
If the strainer of the vesicular structure of preparation Polygons geometrical shape, can use known extrusion process, US3 particularly, 905,743, US3,919, technology described in the patents such as 384, these technologies are about adding water and extruding additive from said oxide mixture or precursor composition with the cellular structure of wall thickness such as production.
When parent material was various hopcalite, the amount ratio of water was 8～12% of an oxide compound gross weight; When parent material was precursor composition, the amount ratio of water was 10～15% of an oxide compound gross weight.
Several extruding additives commonly used are as follows:
-softening agent (such as polyvinyl alcohol, the carboxy methyl cellulose of organogel body or all size); Consumption is 0～3% of an oxide compound gross weight,
-lubricant (such as various greases, oil, wax etc.): consumption is 0～15% of an oxide compound gross weight
After the machine-shaping, the prepared material that does not bake dewaters at 60～90 ℃ of temperature range inner dryings, is cut into the needed shape and size of strainer, bakes time enough in sufficiently high temperature then, obtains the agglomerating stupalith.
Bake to be preferably in 1650～1750 ℃ of temperature ranges and carry out, under this temperature, kept 15 minutes to 2 hours with sintering circuit.
Can produce the strainer of making by material with aforesaid method with following characteristic:
-linear expansivity in 20～1000 ℃ of temperature ranges is less than 6.5 * 10 -6/ ℃
-open porosity is 0～30%
-loose density is 2.6～3.8
These characteristics make strainer be particularly suitable for filtering high melting point liquid metal or metal alloy, in particular for filtering at about 1650 ℃ even up to the various metal or alloy of 1800 ℃ of injections, for example steel.
The shape of strainer adopts the shape of bubble-like ceramic material strainer commonly used, for example square tabular, plate-like etc.Its size is decided by the volume of the strumbox of the amount of the metal or metal alloy of unit time inner filtration and device strainer.The thickness of strainer generally is 5～15mm.As when being the vesicular structure of Polygons geometrical shape, every square centimeter can have 35～50 passages, and the cross section is the square of the length of side 1～5mm.
Carry out with known method with strainer filtering liquid metal of the present invention or alloy.This strainer can mechanically block coarse particles impurity and nonmetal inclusion (oxide compound, carbide, nitride, halogenide) physical adsorption is arrived in the porous net of strainer, even the size of non-metallic inclusion is less than the micropore of strainer.
The present invention illustrates with the following example, but can not think the restriction to scope of the present invention and essence.
Embodiment 1
Mixture is by 30.5%(weight) ZrO 2SCCA 4(Magnesium ElectronG.B.), 17%(weight) SiO 2With 52%(weight) Al 2O 3Form.SiO 2And Al 2O 3Mullite (No. 150, take from Cadwoods RefractoriesG.B.) by electrofuse provides.This mixture is broken in ball mill (or vibro-crusher), reaches 2 μ m up to the particulate mean diameter.
Prepare extrusion composition by following composition:
-79.6%(weight) the mixture of preparation as stated above powder
-9.6%(weight) the technical grade Vaseline 916 that Gerland company sells
-1.2%(weight) the polyvinyl alcohol RhodoviolPS125 that Rhone-Poulenc sells
-9.6%(weight) water.
These mixtures are made the ointment shape in the blender that ceramic industry is used always.(blender of Z type arm for example is housed or the blender of grinding stone is arranged).
Push on extrusion machine or spiral pressing machine with the batching that aforesaid method is made.About 200 crust of squeeze, speed is 5 cels.Be equipped with the overflow mould of producing polynuclear plane.This mould has the interconnected again relief outlet that much evenly separates, and forms the square graticule mesh of length of side 51mm in the mould exit, the square openings of a lot of length of side 1.5mm is arranged, spacing 0.34mm on the net.
Prepared uniform texture thing is dry down in 90 ℃ again.
The works of drying, after the contraction, being cut into the length of side is the square end of 49mm, the parallelepiped of high 11mm, then 1700 ℃ coal gas kiln roasting 2 hours.
The strainer of making has following performance and characteristic:
The chemical property of material
-mineral composition: ZrO 230%
Mullite 70%
-chemical constitution: ZrO 2+ HfO 2Impurity 30.5%
Al 2O 352%
SiO 217%
Other oxide compounds 0.5%
The physicals of material
-loose density 3.23
-open porosity 15%
Linear expansivity 6 * 10 between-20～1000 ℃ -6/ ℃
The characteristic of strainer
-size 44.5 * 44.5mm * mm
-thickness 10mm
-wall thickness 0.3mm
The flow cross section 1.3 * 1.3mm * mm of-passage
The flow cross section 14cm of-strainer 2
-every square centimeter port number 39
-front openings porosity 66%
Above-mentioned performance and characteristic make strainer can be used for filtering spheroidal graphite cast iron.This cast iron can be used for making cylinder cover of diesel.
Embodiment 2
The composition that preparation is made up of following ingredients:
-zirconium silicate (zircon) 38.3%(weight)
-aluminum oxide 38.3%(weight)
-technical grade Vaseline 910 8.1%(weight)
-polyvinyl alcohol Rhodoviod PS125 1.4%(weight)
-water 13.9%(weight)
By embodiment 1 described technology with said composition system cream, drying, cut and bake-sintering.
The strainer that makes has strainer identical performance and the characteristic made with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Prepare composition (by weight) by following composition:
-zirconium dioxide SCCA 430.5 part
-SiO 2Part 17.5 (being milled to the Nemours sand of 2 μ)
-aluminum oxide A15(Alcoa) 52 parts, add following material again:
910 12.1 parts in technical grade Vaseline
125 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol Rhodoviol PS
12.5 parts in water
By embodiment 1 described technology with said composition system cream, drying, cut and bake-sintering.
The strainer that makes has strainer identical performance and the characteristic made with embodiment 1.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of strainer that is used for filtering liquid metal is that 50～80% bubble-like ceramic material is made by the front openings porosity, it is characterized in that said stupalith is by 10～20%SiO 2, 50～60%Al 2O 3With 20～40%ZrO 2Form, percentage ratio is wherein represented Al with this oxide compound shared weight percent in three kinds of oxide compound gross weights 2O 3And SiO 2Be to be combined into mullite 3Al 2O 32SiO 2, the gross weight of zirconium dioxide and mullite is 90% of stupalith weight at least.
2, according to the preparation technology of the said strainer of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
-produce mixture, can be with SiO 2, Al 2O 3, ZrO 2Three kinds of oxide compounds are that raw material, its weight ratio are SiO 2/ Al 2O 3/ ZrO 2=10～20/50～60/20～40 mixture; Or be that raw material, weight ratio are the mixture of mullite/zirconium dioxide=60～80/20～40 with mullite and zirconium dioxide; Or SiO 2, Al 2O 3, ZrO 2The precursor composition of mixture contains zirconium silicate and aluminum oxide, and wherein the weight percent of zirconium silicate is 45～55%, and the weight percent of aluminum oxide is 45～55%;
-said mixture or said precursor composition be processed into to have the front openings porosity be 50～80% bubble structure,
-will become the strainer of desired shape with the air bubble-shaped materials processing that aforesaid method is made, this operation can bake-sintering before, also can bake-carry out after the sintering, bake-the agglomerating temperature is at 1650～1750 ℃.
3,, it is characterized in that said precursor composition contains 50 ± 1%(weight according to the said technology of claim 2) aluminum oxide and 50 ± 1%(weight) zirconium silicate.
4,, it is characterized in that the machine-shaping operation carries out on extrusion machine, to form vesicular structure according to claim 2 or 3 said technologies.
5,, it is characterized in that said extrusion machine is an extrusion machine of producing honeycomb structure according to the said technology of claim 4.
6, according to the said technology of claim 4, it is characterized in that with bubble materials processing become this operation of strainer of desired shape be baking-sintering before, finish with cutting method.
7,, it is characterized in that the machine-shaping operation is to be with organic cavernous body of opening micropore with three kinds of hopcalites or with the mixture of mullite and zirconium dioxide or the precursor composition dipping of said mixture according to claim 2 or 3 said technologies; Air bubble-shaped materials processing is become the strainer of desired shape baking-to finish with cutting method after the sintering.
8, the strainer of making according to the described method of claim 2.
9, a kind of method of using according to described strainer filtering liquid metal of claim 1 or alloy pours into liquid metal or alloy above strainer in 1650～1800 ℃ of temperature ranges.
CN87101800A 1986-03-19 1987-03-10 The bubble-like ceramic material strainer of filtering liquid metal and preparation technology thereof and in order to the method for filtering high melting point liquid metal and alloy Expired CN1008729B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8603888 1986-03-19
FR8603888A FR2599990B1 (en) 1986-03-19 1986-03-19 FILTER FOR LIQUID METALS BASED ON ALVEOLAR CERAMIC MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE FILTRATION OF METALS OR LIQUID ALLOYS OF VERY HIGH MELTING POINT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87101800A CN87101800A (en) 1987-10-14
CN1008729B true CN1008729B (en) 1990-07-11

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US (1) US4921616A (en)
EP (2) EP0243217B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62278235A (en)
KR (1) KR910001896B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1008729B (en)
AT (1) ATE85531T1 (en)
AU (1) AU584499B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8701212A (en)
DE (1) DE3784092T2 (en)
DK (1) DK170872B1 (en)
FI (1) FI871216A (en)
FR (1) FR2599990B1 (en)
IE (1) IE65286B1 (en)
IL (1) IL81944A (en)
NO (1) NO871083L (en)
PT (1) PT84511B (en)
ZA (1) ZA871972B (en)

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US4921616A (en) 1990-05-01
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NO871083L (en) 1987-09-21
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FR2599990A1 (en) 1987-12-18
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AU7015887A (en) 1987-09-24
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KR910001896B1 (en) 1991-03-30
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PT84511B (en) 1989-11-10
IL81944A (en) 1991-01-31
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