CN1006806B - 粘性油混合物及其作为润滑剂或脱模剂的用途 - Google Patents

粘性油混合物及其作为润滑剂或脱模剂的用途

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CN1006806B
CN1006806B CN87106920A CN87106920A CN1006806B CN 1006806 B CN1006806 B CN 1006806B CN 87106920 A CN87106920 A CN 87106920A CN 87106920 A CN87106920 A CN 87106920A CN 1006806 B CN1006806 B CN 1006806B
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翰斯·舒尔
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Abstract

本发明是关于一种可生物降解的粘性混合物,该混合物含有可生物降解的润滑油和可生物降解的树脂组份,该树脂组份选自:含松香树脂、松香和它们的混合物,本发明还公开了该混合物的使用方法和用该混合物对制件涂层的方法。

Description

本发明是关于可生物降解的粘性含油混合物,该混合物含有润滑油组份和树脂组份(该组份保证了混合物粘附在作用物上),该混合物可用作润滑剂或脱模剂。
含油混合物作为润滑剂用于发动机锯链,在德意志联邦共和国和其它国家已大量地使用了,在西德,这种发动机锯链润滑剂混合物每年的消耗量共计约为6~7百万升。另外,建筑工业也需要大量的粘合油混合物作为建筑物模壳的防粘剂,特别是混凝土建筑物模壳,其中在浇注到模壳中的混凝土固化后,该模壳板必须很容易地与混凝土建筑物相脱离。将这种脱模剂涂到面对混凝土混合物的模壳板表面上使得该板易于脱开。显然,这种混合物必须是有粘性的,即必须粘住或粘附到它们所作用的作用物上。
现有的两种粘性含油混合物使用了一种粘合剂组份(如,使混合物粘附到含有如聚乙二醇或聚丙烯酰胺这样的高分子量聚合物的作用物上,上述各种聚合物的分子量为一百万或更高。虽然这些聚合物对混合物提供了足够的粘性性质(或粘着性),但它们不具有可生物降解性。
已知的粘性含油混合物还含有(往往是有毒的或致变的<mntagenic>)矿物油,如石油精产品或合成油,如烃油(聚烯烃、卤化烃等)和非烃油(如合成酯类油),它们中没有一种是可生物降解的。因此,已知的粘性含油混合物经过长时期使用后,会遗 留在环境中而引起很严重的污染,特别是水池的污染。正如人们平时所知道的,1升这种混合物就足以污染1百万升水,这种水是不适合人们使用的。
在现有技术中已经知道了含某一松香的混合物但它既不作为脱模剂,也不作为润滑剂,例如,松香的矿物油溶液已被应用在报纸的印刷墨中,并作为矿物油和合成油的添加剂(Uumanns化学技术大全第4版,12卷,530页)以及应用在糊状的矿脂焊料助剂中。也已经知道88-93%的松香和7-12%的棉花籽油结合在一超是一种猪皮去毛混合物(Kirk-othmer化学技术大全,第2版,第17卷,481-82页)。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供在相对短的时间内(如几个月到几年),能完全生物降解的粘性含油混合物。
本发明的又一个目的是提供含可生物降解的粘性油混合物,该混合物至少具有与现有的含非生物降解油的混合物相类似的特性。
本发明的另一目的是提供润滑物件(如使用该混合物的发动机锯链)的方法。再一个目的是提供可脱开的模壳或模子和它们的制造方法。
本发明的这些和其它目的可用粘性含油的混合物来实现,该混合物含有可生物降解的润滑油组份和可生物降解的树脂组份,该树脂组份选自:含松香的树脂,松香和它们的混合物。其中润滑油与树脂组份的重量比为:(a)约40~80份润滑油比约60~20份树脂组份,或(b)约70~90份上述润滑油比约30-10份上述树脂组份。
因为润滑油组份和树脂组份都是完全可生物降解的,所以本发明 的粘性油混合物也是完全可生物降解的。因此,本发明的混合物不会污染环境。
由于润滑粘性油混合物中使用了至少一种含松香树脂和/或松香,结果是当该混合物用作润滑剂(如,用于发动机锯链)或脱模剂(如用于建筑模壳)时,混合物具有极好的粘性(粘住或粘附作用物)性质。
适用于本发明的含可生物降解松香的树脂实例是:
-香脂树脂,可从松香香脂(如松树渗出物)中得到;
-根树脂,可通过溶剂从根颈中抽提得到。
-妥尔树脂,可通过分妥尔油得到,妥尔油是蒸煮木浆(如用于纤维素生产)的副产品。
另外,本发明的粘性含油混合物中所使用的树脂组份也可以是松香本身。松香是用公知的方法从香脂树脂、根树脂或妥尔树脂中得到的,其中妥尔树脂是优选的,因为妥尔树脂特别给予了本发明的混合物理想的粘性性质。
优选的润滑油组份是植物油、动物油和它们的混合物。
优选的润滑油包括菜籽油、葵花油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、花生油、豆油或鲸油。菜籽油和/或葵花油、和/或蓖麻油最为优选。把蓖麻油加入到菜籽油和/或葵花油中是有利的,因为蓖麻油有极好的润滑特性。
因为本发明的混合物具有极好的稳定性,因此不需要加入稳定剂但是,如果需要的话可加入约1~5%(重量)的稳定剂(如山梨醇)。
当本发明的混合物使用时,例如作为发动机锯链润滑剂,润滑油与树脂组份的重量比可在下列范围内:约40~80份润滑油比约 60-20份树脂组份。优选的比例是50-60份润滑油比50-40份树脂组份。最好是润滑油混合物与树脂组份的重量比是50-50。
当本发明的混合物用作为发动机锯链润滑剂时,不需要诸如缓蚀剂或可提供耐磨性这样的添加物。因为本发明的混合物具有极好的抗腐性和抗磨性。
当本发明的混合物用作脱模剂时,较好的混合物为含有约90~70份(重量)的润滑油,约10~30份(重量)的树脂组份。优选使用的是含80份(重量)的润滑油20份(重量)树脂组份的混合物。
本发明的混合物特别适合作为润滑剂(如用于发动机锯链)和脱模剂(如保证建筑物模壳的脱离性能,如混凝土建筑物模壳)。该混合物也适用于所谓的有吸收能力的模壳(如木头)以及无吸收能力的模壳(如轻金属或钢)。
本发明的胶粘油混合物可通过简单的将油(或油的混合物)组份与树脂组份(或它们的混合物)混合而制得。该混合可在混合器中进行,在混合器中先加入油组份,然后再加入树脂组份。混合过程可在室温下进行。混合(搅拌)的时间取决于混合设备的容量和要混合的组份的量。例如,有一混合器,容量为1000升,装约为900升的润滑剂和树脂组份的混合物,在普通的混合速度(每分钟约1000~1800转)下,约10分钟后可获得匀相混合物。
该混合物甚至装入贮罐以后也不会分层。当混合物含有50份葵花油和50份妥尔树脂或含有60份菜籽油和40份份妥尔树脂时,该混合物贮藏18个月后也没有观察到分层现象。
下面的实施例是用特殊的最佳实例来进一步说明本发明,但不限于它的范围。
实施例1
润滑剂组成
(A)夏季用:50份葵花油,50份妥尔树脂;
(B)夏季用:60份葵花油,40份松香;
(C)冬季用:60份菜籽油,40份妥尔树脂;
粘合油(C)的粘度在10℃下为约0.012帕斯卡秒(12厘泊),在15℃下为约0.08帕斯卡秒(8厘泊)。
(D)冬季用:40份(重量)的菜籽油,15份(重量)的蓖麻油和45份(重量)的妥尔树脂-80份(重量)的葵花油和20份(重量)的妥尔树脂。

Claims (8)

1、一种可生物降解的粘性含油混合物,它包含一个由可生物降解的润滑油和树脂组份组成的混合物,该树脂组份选自:含松香的可生物降解的树脂、松香和它们的混合物,上述的润滑油与上述的树脂组份的重量比可在下面给出的范围内选择:
(a)约40~80份(重量)的上述润滑油比约60~20份(重量)的上述树脂组份;
(b)约70~90份(重量)的上述润滑油比约30~10份(重量)的上述树脂组份。
2、根据权利要求1所说的混合物,其中所述的油选自植物油。
3、根据权利要求1所说的混合物,其中所述的树脂组份为妥尔树脂。
4、根据权利要求1所说的混合物,其中所述的油是植物油,该植物油选自:菜籽油、葵花油、蓖麻油和它们的混合物。
5、根据权利要求4所说的混合物,其中所述范围为约40-80份(重量)上述油比约60-20份(重量)上述树脂组份时,该组合物可被用作润滑剂。
6、根据权利要求1所说的混合物,其中所述范围为约70-90份(重量)上述油比约30-10份(重量)上述树脂组份时,该组合物可被用作脱模剂。
7、根据权利要求5所说的混合物,其中所述的润滑油与所述的树脂组份的比为50/50。
8、根据权利要求6所说的混合物,其中所述的润滑油与所述的树脂组份的比为80/20。
CN87106920A 1986-08-04 1987-08-03 粘性油混合物及其作为润滑剂或脱模剂的用途 Expired CN1006806B (zh)

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PL267151A1 (en) 1988-08-18
KR880002987A (ko) 1988-05-13
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AU7627087A (en) 1988-02-11
DE3626376C1 (de) 1987-04-30
JPS63118398A (ja) 1988-05-23
US4740324A (en) 1988-04-26
FI873349A0 (fi) 1987-08-03
NO873238D0 (no) 1987-08-03
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DK404087A (da) 1988-02-05
BR8703959A (pt) 1988-04-05
HUT44605A (en) 1988-03-28
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CS579787A2 (en) 1988-08-16
DD279493A5 (de) 1990-06-06
HU199553B (en) 1990-02-28
CA1286280C (en) 1991-07-16

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