CN1006148B - 汽车传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统 - Google Patents

汽车传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统 Download PDF

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CN1006148B
CN1006148B CN87103283.XA CN87103283A CN1006148B CN 1006148 B CN1006148 B CN 1006148B CN 87103283 A CN87103283 A CN 87103283A CN 1006148 B CN1006148 B CN 1006148B
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transmission shaft
planetary
latch system
plugging member
braking element
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CN87103283A (zh
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赫尔曼·皮特舒
克劳斯·高斯拉布
罗伯特·米勒
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H2048/106—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears characterised by two sun gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车的前轴－后轴传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统由一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮传动装置和一个接合在其行星齿轮架上的制动装置。制动构件与制动器底座连接，跟制动构件共同起作用的反向制动构件跟通向后轴的传动轴连接在一起转动。为了保证所需的制动力矩和保持制动装置体积小，驱动制动装置的齿轮的传动比显著地高于直通推动的齿轮的传动比。

Description

汽车传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统
本发明涉及一种汽车的前轴-后轴传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统，它装有一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮传动装置和一个接合在其行星齿轮架上的制动装置，这里直通推动的有啮合关系的齿轮的传动比稍许偏离1∶1，但驱动制动装置的齿轮的传动比则显著地高出，例如是16∶1的等级。
这样一种驱动锁止系统描述在德国专利PS 35 07 490中。其所用的行星齿轮装置是由一个跟传动轴连接的输入太阳齿轮、一个与之靠近同轴装设并跟被驱动的轴连接的输出太阳齿轮和同时跟两个太阳齿轮啮合并装设在行星齿轮架上的行星齿轮组成。在行星齿轮架上装有支承轴栓，在这轴栓上装有作为制动构件的制动块，在行星齿轮架转动时，该制动构件起离心配重作用，并且以其制动面靠在用作相对制动构件的固定的制动鼓上。因为输出太阳齿轮比输入太阳齿轮少一个或两个齿，所以具有例如16∶1的对太阳齿轮的齿轮传动比的行星齿轮架即使在前轴跟后轴同步转动时也不停地转动，使驱动锁止系统持续地产生一个-即使是很小的-功率损耗。此外，为了使前轴与后轴同步转动，与其关联的锥齿轮传动装置的各自的传动比跟直通推动传动比成相反关系。如前驱动的汽车的输入太阳齿轮的齿数Z＝32、输出太阳齿轮的齿数Z＝30，为了平衡直通推动传动比，前轴的锥齿轮传动装置传动比为8∶32，后轴的锥齿轮传动装置传动比为8∶30。
本发明的任务在于发展一种这样的驱动锁止系统，使前轴与后轴在相同的锥齿轮传动装置传动比的情况下也能同步运转，而且在不滑动的同步运转时避免了驱动锁止系统内的功率损耗。
为了解决这项任务，该制动装置由一个跟行星齿轮架固定连接在一起转动的制动构件和一个跟此制动构件共同作用的反向制动构件所构成，这反向制动构件跟一个通向后轴或前轴的传动轴连接在一起转动，该行星齿轮传动装置由一个跟传动轴连接在一起转动的输入太阳齿轮、一个与之靠近同轴装设并跟另一根传动轴连接的输出太阳齿轮和同时跟两个太阳齿轮啮合并装设在行星齿轮架上的行星齿轮组成。当与行星齿轮架连接的制动构件与跟前轴-后轴的传动轴牢靠地连接在一起转动的反向制动构件一起起作用时，在它们同步转动的情况下，整个驱动锁止系统随之转动，此时行星齿轮架没有相对转动。因此，在这种情况下既不存在制动力矩也不存在功率损耗。在前轴与后轴转速不同时才产生制动的驱动锁止力矩，因为只有在那时候才发生制动构件与反向制动构件之间的相对转动。据此，相应的锥齿轮传动装置对前轴与后轴的传动比也能相同。
本发明的一个实施例示出在附图内并在下面进行说明。
图1是一种汽车的全轮传动系统图。
图2是全轮驱动锁止系统的纵向剖视图。
靠近汽车前轴1设置的驱动电动机2通过一个装在其上的变速器3、通过锥齿轮4和从动锥齿轮5来驱动前轴1。有一根传动轴6从锥齿轮4通向行星齿轮传动装置8的输入太阳齿轮7。在靠近输入太阳齿轮7处装有一个与之同轴的输出太阳齿轮9，有一根传动轴10从其通向一个锥齿轮11来驱动后轴13的从动锥齿轮12。
装在行星齿轮架15上的行星齿轮14同时啮合着输入太阳齿轮7与输出太阳齿轮9，这行星齿轮架通过滚针轴承16装在跟传动轴6接合在一起转动的输入太阳齿轮7的空心轴颈17上。为了支承行星齿轮14，在行星齿轮架15中固定有支承轴栓18，在轴栓的另一端上固定有一个设计成液动离合器的叶轮状半瓦的制动构件19，另一个叶轮状半瓦则作为反向制动构件20并通过其轮毂21用齿槽连接装到传动轴10上。两个半瓦共同构成一个充满液压液体的圆环状液室22。反向制动构件20定心并密封在一个圆筒形壳体23内，这壳体也包封着制动构件19与行星齿轮传动装置8并密封地支承在传动轴6上。
输入太阳齿轮的齿数Z＝32，输出太阳齿轮的齿数Z＝30，因此直通驱动的传动比为16∶15。对行星齿轮架15的齿轮传动比为16∶1。如前轴1与后轴13之间产生转速差，因而传动轴6与传动轴10之间也同样产生转速差，这样，行星齿轮架15就以这转速差的16倍的转速来转动。通过制动构件19对反向制动构件20的相对转动，形成一个对应于该转速差的制动力矩，使前轴1与后轴13同步转动。
由于液力制动力矩逐步增高，在滑动系数小时驱动锁止力矩也保持很小。因此汽车可以很好地操纵，并且ABS-系统充分发挥作用。在滑动系数大时，例如当前轴1的车轮在冰上打滑、后轴13的车轮在不滑的沥青路面上的情况出现，驱动锁止力矩就很快增大，在这种极端的情况下汽车也能毫无问题地行驶。

Claims (4)

1、一种汽车的前轴-后轴传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统，它装有一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮传动装置和一个接合在其行星齿轮架上的制动装置，这里直通推动的有啮合关系的齿轮的传动比稍许偏离1∶1，但驱动制动装置的齿轮的传动比则显著地高出，例如是16∶1的等级，其特征在于该制动装置由一个跟行星齿轮架（15）固定连接在一起转动的制动构件（19）和一个跟比制动构件共同作用的反向制动构件（20）所构成，这反向制动构件跟一个通向后轴（13）的传动轴（10）或通向前轴（1）的传动轴连接在一起转动，该行星齿轮传动装置（8）由一个跟传动轴（6）连接在一起转动的输入太阳齿轮（7）、一个与之靠近同轴装设并跟一根传动轴（10）连接的输出太阳齿轮（9）和同时跟两个太阳齿轮（7、9）啮合并装设在行星齿轮架（15）上的行星齿轮（14）组成。
2、按权利要求1的驱动锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（19）与反向制动构件（20）共同构成一个液动离合器。
3、按权利要求2的驱动锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（19）与反向制动构件（20）设计成一个充满油的围成圆环状液室（22）的叶轮状半瓦。
4、按权利要求3的驱动锁止系统，其特征在于反向制动构件（20）密封地固定在传动轴（10）上并同时密封地固定在一个圆筒形壳体（23）内，这壳体包封着整个驱动锁止系统并密封地支承在传动轴（6）上。
CN87103283.XA 1986-05-14 1987-04-30 汽车传动轴中的全轮驱动锁止系统 Expired CN1006148B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3616236.1 1986-05-14
DE3616236A DE3616236C1 (de) 1986-05-14 1986-05-14 Allrad-Sperrsystem im Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges

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CN1006148B true CN1006148B (zh) 1989-12-20

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US (1) US4779487A (zh)
EP (1) EP0252183B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS62273130A (zh)
KR (1) KR870010979A (zh)
CN (1) CN1006148B (zh)
AT (1) ATE43302T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR8701693A (zh)
DE (2) DE3616236C1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2009762B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI79982C (zh)
SU (1) SU1570647A4 (zh)

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US4779487A (en) 1988-10-25
FI864602A0 (fi) 1986-11-12
ES2009762B3 (es) 1989-10-16
EP0252183B1 (de) 1989-05-24
EP0252183A1 (de) 1988-01-13
DE3663491D1 (en) 1989-06-29
ATE43302T1 (de) 1989-06-15
FI79982B (fi) 1989-12-29
FI864602A (fi) 1987-11-15
JPS62273130A (ja) 1987-11-27
CN87103283A (zh) 1987-11-25
DE3616236C1 (de) 1987-06-25
KR870010979A (ko) 1987-12-19
SU1570647A4 (ru) 1990-06-07
BR8701693A (pt) 1988-01-26
FI79982C (fi) 1990-04-10

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