CN100572893C - 手术灯 - Google Patents

手术灯 Download PDF

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CN100572893C
CN100572893C CNB2006800282336A CN200680028233A CN100572893C CN 100572893 C CN100572893 C CN 100572893C CN B2006800282336 A CNB2006800282336 A CN B2006800282336A CN 200680028233 A CN200680028233 A CN 200680028233A CN 100572893 C CN100572893 C CN 100572893C
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operating lamp
additional illuminator
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light source
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CN101233362A (zh
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曼弗雷德·肖尔茨
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Berchtold GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21V19/02—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders with provision for adjustment, e.g. for focusing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/02—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/06—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/40—Hand grips
    • F21V21/403—Hand grips for operation or dentist lamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
    • A61B2090/309—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure using white LEDs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/20—Lighting for medical use
    • F21W2131/205—Lighting for medical use for operating theatres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/30—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved
    • F21Y2103/33—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/20—Combination of light sources of different form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种手术灯。该手术灯包括布置在灯体内的至少一个光源，并包括用于沿着主辐射方向将该光源的可见辐射引到手术区域上的光学装置，该手术灯具有可独立于所述光源开关的附加照明装置。

Description

手术灯
技术领域
本发明涉及一种手术灯，其具有至少一个布置在灯体内的光源，并具有沿着主辐射方向将该光源的可见辐射引到手术区域上的光学装置。
背景技术
公知这类手术灯，其采用卤素灯或放电灯作为所述光源并采用反射器作为所述光学装置。就此而言，光源的可见辐射沿着朝向待照亮的手术区域的方向引导，以下将该方向称为主辐射方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种手术灯，通过该手术灯能提高手术团队的工作能力。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征而实现。
根据本发明，所述手术灯具有至少一个附加发光体，例如一个或多个发光二极管，其最大亮度在约450nm的范围内，设置有控制装置，通过该控制装置可独立于光源来控制该附加发光体，所述光源例如为另外的发光二极管、卤素灯或放电灯。利用了光还对观察者产生生理影响的认识。通过蓝色光谱中的特定波长的光激发视束的第二部分，该特定波长的光作为能量部分激发新陈代谢和内分泌腺节律性活动。公知的是，日光会抑制荷尔蒙(褪黑激素)的释放，这起到了促进循环的作用，这是因为褪黑激素调节着昼夜节奏(生理节奏)。夜晚褪黑激素的分泌通过在人眼中均匀分布在视网膜上且不能分辨图像图案的感光体而受蓝光的影响。由于手术团队经常不得不在很高强度的压力下工作数小时而且经常是在夜晚，因此通过适当地选择光谱可支持外科医生的工作，使得他在夜间进行难度较大的急诊手术中也能注意力高度集中的工作。通过最大亮度在约450nm范围内的附加发光体可促进对褪黑激素分泌的抑制，从而可提高手术团队的工作能力，即使要在晚间或白天进行数小时的手术也是如此。
本发明的有利实施方式在说明书、附图和从属权利要求中加以描述。
根据第一有利实施方式，可通过所述控制装置根据具体参数自动开关所述附加发光体。这些参数例如可以是，当前时间(日时)或者所述光源的当前运行持续时间，从该当前运行持续时间可以得知已运行的时间。例如，在当前时间推进时，即，在逐渐进入夜晚时可增强所述发光体的辐射。在所述光源一直保持打开时，即，在手术已进行例如数小时时，也可增强辐射。从而一方面能防止疲劳，另一方面甚至能实现能力的提高。
根据另一实施方式，对所述手术灯的光谱进行附加控制，从而以增强的亮度或不断增强的亮度在大约450nm的理想波长范围内进行辐射。
用于抑制褪黑激素的所述附加发光体无需必须沿着朝向手术区域的主辐射方向辐射。相反，该辐射还可以向着侧面或向着顶部，即间接地进行辐射。而且，所述发光体还可布置在单独的灯体内。当所述附加发光体沿着不指向手术区域的副辐射方向进行辐射时，可优化对手术人员的理想效果，这是因为在此情形下，在约450nm范围内的辐射可在附加光源的帮助下被直接引向手术人员的眼睛内从而不会由于手术区域处的反射而发生光衰减。当所述附加发光体沿着与主辐射方向成45°至135°角延伸的副辐射方向进行辐射时可获得特别好的效果。
根据另一有利实施方式，所述附加发光体还可在所述光源关闭时打开。从而可在手术之前在手术人员进行准备时就已经获得理想效果。所述附加发光体还可以在进行内窥镜手术时发挥作用。如果所述附加发光体可在光源打开时关闭，则可以例如仅通过短暂干预而在不需要所述附加发光体发挥作用时不使用所述附加发光体。
根据另一有利实施方式，所述附加发光体可集成到所述手术灯的手柄内。在本实施方式中无需为安装所述附加发光体而改变所述灯体。此外，所述附加发光体能以简单的方式布置在所述手柄内，使得其沿着手术人员的眼睛的方向进行辐射。特别有利的是，当所述附加发光体具有漫射器时，由于在这种情况下所述附加发光体的辐射能尽可能最佳地分布在手术室内，因而能容易地进入手术人员的眼睛内。
根据另一有利实施方式，所述控制器可具有用于控制外部附加发光体的控制输出。这样，可另外或可选地设置不集成到所述手术灯内的附加发光体。在此情况下，可设置单独的光模块作为所述外部附加发光体，或者所述外部附加发光体可集成到手术室的固定照明设备内。
根据本发明的另一方面，涉及一种用于手术室照明的方法，其中，至少一个附加发光体的辐射至少有时直接沿着手术人员的眼睛的方向被引导。
附图说明
以下将参照有利实施方式和附图描述本发明。附图中：
图1是手术灯的局部侧剖视图；
图2是手术灯的另一实施方式的局部侧剖视图；以及
图3是图1的手术灯的手柄的放大视图。
附图标记列表
10灯体
12围栏
14保持器
16、18卤素灯
20反射器
22眼睛
26附加发光体
30透明板
32手柄
34支架
40轴
42电子相机
44保持器
46发光二极管
48漫射器
H主辐射方向
N副辐射方向
具体实施方式
图1所示的手术灯具有制成为罩形且在其外周处由围栏12环绕的灯体10，该围栏12通过支撑件14紧固到灯体10的外侧。
呈两个可更换的卤素灯16、18形式的光源布置在灯体10的内部，这两个卤素灯借助于抛物线反射器20照亮手术区域。反射器20以这样的方式制成，使得沿着由箭头H标识的主辐射方向将无影光输出到手术区域上。
在图1所示的实施方式中，在手柄32内部设置有呈多个发光二极管形式的附加发光体26，该附加发光体的最大亮度在大约450nm的范围内。该附加发光体辐射的光谱的带宽在大约380至520nm的范围内。该附加发光体26沿着由N标识的与主辐射方向H成一角度延伸的副辐射方向进行辐射。在图1所示的实施方式中，该角度大约等于70°。附加发光体26的辐射分布在手柄32的整个外周上。为了获得更好的光分布，设置有使附加发光体进行漫射辐射的光漫射器。
如图1所示，附加发光体26的辐射沿着辐射方向N迅速地直接进入到手术人员的眼睛22中。
为了控制附加发光体26而设置有控制装置(未示出)，通过该控制装置可以独立于光源16、18而打开和关闭附加发光体。这就意味着，在光源16、18关闭时可以打开附加发光体26，而在光源16、18打开时可以关闭附加发光体26。
图3示出了图1的手术灯的手柄的放大视图。除了布置在手柄的轴40内的CCD相机42之外，手柄32具有烧杯状支架34，轴40紧固到该支架的下侧上。支架34在其上侧敞开，且灯保持器44从上侧伸出，而可更换的发光体16、18紧固到该灯保持器上。该手柄以公知方式具有针对光场直径的设置。
如图3所示，在烧杯状支架34的内部设置有多个发光二极管46，这些发光二极管分布在烧杯状支架34的外周上，从而形成附加发光体26。在发光二极管46的前方布置有相应的漫射器透镜48，以产生漫射辐射。
在手术灯的下侧设置有透明端板30，手柄32位于该端板中央。该手术灯本身通过未示出的连接臂紧固到座台或悬架上。
图2示出了手术灯的另一实施方式，其中用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
在图2所示的手术灯中，附加发光体26没有集成到手柄32中，而是集成到灯体10中。这样，发光二极管在手术灯下侧分散布置在其外周上，在本实施方式中，附加发光体的副辐射方向N与主辐射方向H成大约90°地延伸。在本实施方式中，在发光二极管的前方也布置有漫射器。
在一未示出的可选实施方式中，设置有多个发光二极管代替卤素灯16、18，这些发光二极管以不同的波长进行辐射从而获得理想的混光。
一控制装置(未示出)用来对上述手术灯的发光体进行控制，其中附加发光体26能独立于发光体16、18打开和关闭。
所述控制器构成为即使在用来进行450nm辐射所需的发光二极管以增强的亮度辐射时，传统手术室的光也会保持不变。可以通过按钮永久切换成在450nm范围内的增强辐射(以下称为受激辐射)。或者，可借助于另一按钮触发自动操作，在该自动操作中，在预设程序的帮助下根据当前时间和/或根据手术灯的当前运行持续时间自动切换成受激辐射。就此而言，随着手术过程中手术灯运行时间的增加并随着日时的逐渐推进，受激辐射持续增强。为此目的，所述控制器具有内置的时钟以及时间测量单元，该时间测量单元在手术灯打开时启动，从而可推断手术的持续时间。

Claims (15)

1.一种手术灯，该手术灯具有布置在灯体(10)内的至少一个光源(16，18)，并具有沿着主辐射方向(H)将该光源的可见辐射引到手术区域上的光学装置(20)，
其特征在于：
设置有至少一个附加发光体(26)，所述附加发光体的最大亮度在约450nm的范围内；并且设置有控制装置，通过该控制装置可独立于所述光源(16，18)开关该附加发光体(26)，
所述附加发光体沿着不指向手术区域的副辐射方向进行辐射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述发光体(26)可根据从下组，即当前时间、该手术灯的当前运行持续时间中选择的至少一个参数通过所述控制装置自动开关。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)的光通量可在所述控制装置的作用下根据该手术灯的当前运行持续时间而自动变化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体沿着与所述主辐射方向成大约45°至135°角延伸的副辐射方向进行辐射。
5.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)可在所述光源(16，18)关闭时打开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)可在所述光源(16，18)打开时关闭。
7.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)集成到该手术灯的手柄内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)集成到所述灯体(10)内。
9.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述附加发光体(26)具有漫射器(48)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述控制装置具有用于控制外部附加发光体的控制输出。
11.根据权利要求10所述的手术灯，其特征在于，所述外部附加发光体为单独的光模块或者集成到手术室的固定照明设备内。
12.一种用于手术室照明的方法，其中利用手术灯沿着主辐射方向将光源的可见辐射光引到手术区域上，该手术灯具有光学装置和至少一个布置在灯体内的光源，
其特征在于，
最大亮度在约450nm的范围内的至少一个附加发光体的辐射至少有时会直接沿着手术人员的眼睛的方向被引导。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，使用根据权利要求1至11中至少一项权利要求所述的手术灯。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述附加发光体根据从以下组，即当前时间、所述手术灯的当前运行持续时间中选择的至少一个参数而自动打开。
15.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述附加发光体的光通量根据所述手术灯的当前运行持续时间而自动变化。
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