CN100506873C - 辐射固化的带有封闭氨基的聚氨酯 - Google Patents
辐射固化的带有封闭氨基的聚氨酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100506873C CN100506873C CNB038246570A CN03824657A CN100506873C CN 100506873 C CN100506873 C CN 100506873C CN B038246570 A CNB038246570 A CN B038246570A CN 03824657 A CN03824657 A CN 03824657A CN 100506873 C CN100506873 C CN 100506873C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oxazolidine
- jia
- hydroxypropyl
- group
- hydroxyethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Abstract
含有至少一个不饱和的可自由基聚合或可阳离子聚合的基团和至少一个氨基的聚氨酯。
Description
本发明涉及含有封闭氨基和需要的话,封闭或未封闭异氰酸酯基的可辐射固化化合物及其在双固化和多固化体系中的用途。
NCO基团的合适封闭剂的例子包括肟类、酚类、咪唑类、吡唑类、吡唑啉酮类、哌嗪二酮类、己内酰胺、丙二酸酯和如下出版物中提及的化合物:Z.W.Wicks,Prog.Org.Coat.(有机涂料进展)3(1975)73-99和Prog.Org.Coat9(1981),3-28以及Houben-Weyl,Methoden der OrganischenChemie(有机化学方法),第XIV/2卷,第61页及往下各页,Georg ThiemeVerlag,Stuttgart 1963。
双固化体系的特征在于固化采用两种独立的固化机理,例如通过辐射固化、湿气固化、氧化固化或热固化。对于这些体系,特别希望的是,在施涂涂料后,可通过非常短的辐照而预固化,得到柔软且不粘尘干燥的薄膜。然后该薄膜可进行热后固化或通过在空气中简单贮存数天而继续充分固化,直至形成具有所需最终使用性能的硬薄膜。此类两阶段固化基于如下事实特别重要:它为该涂料体系使用者提供在第一操作步骤中对制品涂布以涂膜,然后在进一步操作步骤中尤其通过使用压力在辐照之后赋予该经涂布的制品以一定形状而对该薄膜进一步加工的机会。因此,当该薄膜在第二操作步骤中变形时,薄膜必须处于预固化状态,这样在其变形期间它们不会粘附工具,但它们不必太硬以至于当拉伸和变形时破裂。
术语“双固化”和“多固化”在本发明中分别指通过两种或两种以上的机理完成的固化操作,其中固化借助辐射、湿气、化学试剂、氧化或加热进行。
WO 00/39183描述了含氨基甲酸酯基和脲基甲酸酯基和活化的C=C双键的可自由基聚合的化合物。
这类化合物仅具有一种固化机理,即辐射固化。
DE-A1 196 09 617和WO 97/23536描述了用于单-和双组分聚氨酯涂料组合物的含异氰酸酯基和封闭的对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团如噁唑烷类基团的化合物。
这类化合物仅可湿气固化、需要长固化时间并导致柔软薄膜。
WO 01/83579描述了包含含例如噁唑烷的二异氰酸酯和含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的加合物的多组分涂料体系。
然而,由于不存在双键,所述加合物在完全聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物中不能辐射固化,因此通常需要至少30分钟的固化时间。当将可辐射固化组分独立地与该加合物掺混时才可能进行辐射固化。
DE-A1 100 47 989描述了双固化多组分涂料,它们包含由含例如异氰酸酯基的亚己基二异氰酸酯形成的氨基甲酸酯和噁唑烷以及还有含羟基的并且可辐射固化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的加合物。使用的共聚物的分子量Mn有利地为1 000-20 000和Mw为2 000-100 000道尔顿。
这些体系的缺点是:由于所用共聚物的分子量高,因此所得加合物也具有高分子量,并相应地具有高粘度。
本发明的目的是提供具有低粘度并显示出良好表面性能的可辐射固化的双固化或多固化体系。
我们已发现此目的可通过包含如下物质作为合成组分的聚氨酯(A)实现,
a)至少一种有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团和/或可阳离子聚合的基团的化合物,
c)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个封闭氨基且分子量低于1 000g/mol的化合物,
d)需要的话,至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个活泼分散基团的化合物,
e)需要的话,至少一种含至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,和
f)需要的话,除a)-d)以外的含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物。
这些化合物(A)的数均分子量Mn通过使用四氢呋喃洗脱液和聚苯乙烯标准物的凝胶渗透色谱法测定,可为例如200-50 000,优选250-30 000,更优选350-10 000,尤其350-5 000。
不饱和的可自由基聚合或可阳离子聚合的基团的量可为例如至少0.01mol/100g化合物、优选至少0.05mol/100g、更优选至少0.1mol/100g和尤其至少0.2mol/100g。
封闭氨基的量可为例如至少0.01mol/100g化合物、优选至少0.05mol/100g、更优选至少0.1mol/100g和尤其至少0.2mol/100g。
本发明聚氨酯(A)基本上包含作为合成组分的上述组分a)、b)和c),以及需要的话,组分d)、e)和/或f)。
我们已发现上述目的同样可通过聚氨酯分散体实现,该聚氨酯分散体可以作为含水体系加工且基本上包含:
(A)包含组分d)的聚氨酯,
(C)需要的话,一种或多种可光化学和/或热活化的引发剂,和
(D)需要的话,其它典型涂料添加剂。
如果需要提供用于制备双固化涂料的涂料配制剂,则可以将化合物(C)和(D)加入到聚氨酯中。
合适的组分a)包括例如NCO官能度为至少1.8、优选1.8-5和更优选2-4的脂族、芳族和环脂族二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,以及它们的异氰脲酸酯、缩二脲、氨基甲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯和脲二酮。
二异氰酸酯优选为具有4-20个碳原子的异氰酸酯。常用二异氰酸酯的例子是脂族二异氰酸酯,如亚丁基二异氰酸酯、亚己基二异氰酸酯(1,6-二异氰酸酯基己烷)、亚辛基二异氰酸酯、亚癸基二异氰酸酯、亚十二烷基二异氰酸酯、亚十四烷基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的衍生物、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯或四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯;环脂族二异氰酸酯,如1,4-、1,3-或1,2-二异氰酸酯基环己烷、4,4’-或2,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷、1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、1,3-或1,4-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷或2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基环己烷;以及芳族二异氰酸酯如2,4-或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯和其异构体混合物、间-或对-苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4’-或4,4’-二异氰酸酯基二苯基甲烷和其异构体混合物、1,3-或1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1-氯-2,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、二亚苯基4,4’-二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸酯基-3,3’-二甲基联苯、3-甲基二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸酯基苯或二苯基醚4,4’-二异氰酸酯。
也可存在所述二异氰酸酯的混合物。
平均含至少两个异氰酸酯基团的合适的常用异氰酸酯的例子包括三异氰酸酯,如2,4,6-三异氰酸酯基甲苯、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯或2,4,4’-三异氰酸酯基二苯基醚或二、三-和更高级多异氰酸酯的混合物,它们通过光气化相应的苯胺/甲醛缩合物获得并借助亚甲基桥构成多苯基多异氰酸酯。
合适的多异氰酸酯包括含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯、脲二酮二异氰酸酯、含缩二脲基团的多异氰酸酯、含氨基甲酸酯基团或脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯、含噁二嗪三酮或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮基团的多异氰酸酯、直链或支化C4-C20亚烷基异氰酸酯的脲酮亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯、总共具有6-20个碳原子的环脂族二异氰酸酯或总共具有8-20个碳原子的芳族二异氰酸酯或其混合物。
可使用的二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团含量(以NCO计算,分子量=42)基于二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯(混合物)优选为10-60重量%,更优选15-60重量%,非常优选20-55重量%。
优选脂族和/或环脂族二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,其例子分别为上述脂族和环脂族二异氰酸酯或其混合物。
亚己基二异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷是特别优选的,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和亚己基二异氰酸酯是更特别优选的,尤其优选亚己基二异氰酸酯。
优选扩展至:
1)含异氰脲酸酯基团并衍生自芳族、脂族和/或环脂族二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯。这里特别优选相应的脂族和/或环脂族异氰酸酯基异氰脲酸酯,尤其是基于亚己基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的那些。存在的异氰脲酸酯特别为三异氰酸酯基烷基-或三异氰酸酯基环烷基异氰脲酸酯,其构成二异氰酸酯的环状三聚体,或与其含一个以上异氰脲酸酯环的高级同系物的混合物。异氰酸酯基异氰脲酸酯的NCO含量通常为10-30重量%、特别是15-25重量%和平均NCO官能度为2.6-4.5。
2)具有芳族、脂族和/或环脂族连接的异氰酸酯基团、优选脂族和/或环脂族连接的异氰酸酯基团的脲二酮二异氰酸酯,特别是衍生自亚己基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的那些。脲二酮二异氰酸酯为二异氰酸酯的环状二聚产物。在本发明的配制剂中,脲二酮二异氰酸酯可作为单一组分或与其它多异氰酸酯,特别是在1)下面规定的那些的混合物使用。
3)含缩二脲基团并具有芳族、脂族或环脂族,优选环脂族或脂族连接的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,特别是三(6-异氰酸酯基己基)缩二脲或其与它的高级同系物的混合物。这些含缩二脲基团的多异氰酸酯的NCO含量通常为18-22重量%和平均NCO官能团为2.8-4.5。
4)含氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团和芳族、脂族或环脂族,优选脂族或环脂族连接的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,如可通过使过量亚己基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与一元或多元醇反应获得的那些,所述醇的例子是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇(月桂醇)、2-乙基己醇、正戊醇、硬脂醇、鲸蜡醇、月桂醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、1,3-丙二醇单甲醚、环戊醇、环己醇、环辛醇、环十二烷醇、三羟甲基丙烷、新戊二醇、季戊四醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、五甘醇、甘油、1,2-二羟基丙烷、2,2-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、3-甲基戊烷-1,5-二醇、2-乙基己烷-1,3-二醇、2,4-二乙基辛烷-1,3-二醇、羟基新戊酸新戊二醇酯、二-三羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇或其混合物。这些含氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的NCO含量通常为12至20重量%和平均NCO官能度为2.5至4.5。
5)含噁二嗪三酮基团的优选衍生自亚己基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯。含噁二嗪三酮的此类多异氰酸酯可由二异氰酸酯和二氧化碳制备。
6)含亚氨基噁二嗪二酮的优选衍生自亚己基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯。含亚氨基噁二嗪二酮的此类多异氰酸酯可由二异氰酸酯借助特定的催化剂制备。
7)脲酮亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯。
多异氰酸酯1)-7)可以混合物形式使用,当合适时包括与二异氰酸酯的混合物。
合适的组分b)为带有至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合或可阳离子聚合的基团的化合物。
可能的对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的例子包括-OH、-SH、-NH2和-NHR4,其中R4为氢或C1-C4烷基。
用于本说明书的C1-C4烷基是指甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
可聚合的基团可为具有不饱和键、优选碳碳双键的那些。
可自由基聚合的基团为例如孤立的烯属不饱和基团、共轭不饱和基团、乙烯基芳族基团、氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯型基团、N-乙烯基酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮类、乙烯基内酰胺、乙烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯或丙烯腈。
可阳离子聚合的基团的例子包括异丁烯单元和乙烯基醚。
组分b)的例子是α,β-不饱和羧酸或乙烯基醚与二醇或优选具有2-20个碳原子和至少两个羟基的多元醇的单酯,其中α,β-不饱和羧酸的例子是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸(本说明书中将其一起简称为“(甲基)丙烯酸”)、巴豆酸、衣康酸、富马酸、马来酸、丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸、甲基丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸,所述二醇或多元醇的例子是乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,1-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇、二丙二醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、五甘醇、三丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、羟基新戊酸新戊二醇酯、2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,4-丁二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,2,4-二乙基辛烷-1,3-二醇、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、季戊四醇、二羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、一缩二甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓糖醇、福寿草醇(核糖醇)、阿糖醇、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇、摩尔质量为162-378的聚THF、摩尔质量为134-400的聚-1,3-丙二醇或聚丙二醇或者摩尔质量为238458的聚乙二醇。还可以使用(甲基)丙烯酸与氨基醇如2-氨基乙醇、2-(甲氨基)乙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、1-氨基-2-丙醇或2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇、2-巯基乙醇或聚氨基链烷烃如乙二胺或二亚乙基三胺的酯或酰胺,或乙烯基乙酸等。
此外,合适的还有平均OH官能度为2-10的不饱和聚醚醇或聚酯醇或聚丙烯酸酯多元醇。
烯属不饱和羧酸与氨基醇的酰胺的例子是羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺、N-羟乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、5-羟基-3-氧杂戊基甲基丙烯酰胺;N-羟烷基巴豆酰胺,如N-羟甲基巴豆酰胺;或N-羟烷基马来酰亚胺,如N-羟乙基马来酰亚胺。
优选使用2-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-或3-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油单-和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单-和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇单-、二-和三(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及4-羟丁基乙烯基醚、2-氨乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-氨丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-氨丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-氨丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、6-氨己基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-硫乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-氨乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、2-氨丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、3-氨丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、2-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、2-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺或3-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。特别优选2-羟乙基丙烯酸酯、2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2-或3-羟丙基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇单丙烯酸酯和3-(丙烯酰氧基)-2-羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯。
适合作为组分c)的化合物是含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个封闭氨基的分子量低于1000g/mol、优选低于750g/mol、更优选低于500g/mol、尤其低于250g/mol的那些。
封闭氨基是可自其释放出未取代或单取代的氨基的那些,包括例如开链或环状缩醛胺、N,O-缩醛、N,O-酮缩醇、酮亚胺、醛亚胺、羧酰胺、磺酰胺或脒,优选酮亚胺、醛亚胺、缩醛胺、N,O-缩醛、N,O-酮缩醇或脒,特别优选缩醛胺、酮亚胺、醛亚胺、N,O-缩醛或N,O-酮缩醇,尤其是N,O-缩醛。
在本说明书中,术语“封闭”是指所述结构如氨基在制备本发明的聚氨酯和可辐射固化的组合物的反应条件下基本上稳定并且仅在固化条件下该基团才被分解以发生所述结构的明显释放。“基本上稳定”在此处是指在低于10mol%/h、优选低于5mol%/h、更优选低于2mol%/h、特别优选低于1mol%/h的反应条件下才分解。
含封闭氨基的优选化合物是噁唑烷类、醛亚胺和酮亚胺,它们例如从EP-A1 659 791,第6页第26行-第7页第13行和实施例以及US 5,922,804,第1栏第42行-第3栏第45行中已知,其中特别优选噁唑烷类。
化合物c)可包含一个或多个,例如1-3个、优选1-2个、更优选1个封闭氨基。
化合物c)可包含一个或多个,例如1-3个、优选1-2个、更优选1个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
化合物c)可为例如DE-A1 196 09 617,第2页第31-59行,特别是第3页第33-55行中列出的那种含至少一个环氮原子的化合物,或如DE-A 22 45 636,第2页第5行-第3页第3段以及实施例1、2、5、6和9中描述的噁唑烷。这两篇文献特地引入本发明公开内容中作为参考。
β-羟烷基噁唑烷的制备描述于DE-A 22 45 636,第3页第3段至第4页第1段中。
优选的组分c)为如下通式(I)的化合物:
其中
R和R2各自独立地为含2-20个碳原子的二价有机脂族、环脂族或芳族基团,其为未取代的或被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
R1和R1’各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烷基——其未被间隔或被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或被一个或多个取代或未取代的亚氨基间隔,或为C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基或含氧、氮和/或硫原子的五元或六元杂环,其中各所述基团可被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
X为氧(-O-)、未取代或单取代的氮(>NR4)或>N-NR4R5,
Y为氧(-O-)、未取代的氮(>NH)或硫(-S-),和
R4和R5各自独立地为氢或C1-C4烷基。
R和R2的例子是1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1-苯基-1,2-亚乙基、2’-氨基乙基-1,2-亚乙基、1-异丙基-1,2-亚乙基、1-叔丁基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苄基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苯基-2-甲基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苯基-2-甲氧基甲基-1,2-亚乙基、亚丁-1-烯-3,4-基、1,3-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,6-亚己基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2,2-二甲基-1,4-亚丁基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-亚环己基、1,2-或1,3-亚环戊基、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-亚苯基、4,4’-亚联苯基或3-氧杂-1,5-亚戊基。
R和R2优选各自独立地为1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基或1,3-亚丙基,更优选1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基,特别优选1,2-亚乙基。
R1和R1’可各自独立地为例如氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基乙基、氯甲基、2-氯乙基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、乙烯基、1-丙烯基、苄基、苯基、甲苯基、氯苯基、二氯苯基、2,6-二甲苯基、2,4,6-三甲苯基、2,6-二甲氧基苯基、2,6-二氯苯基、环戊基、环己基或呋喃基。
R1和R1’优选各自独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、苯基、环戊基、环己基或呋喃基,更优选R1为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基且R1’为氢、甲基或乙基,特别优选R1为氢、甲基或异丙基,尤其为异丙基且R1’为氢,或R1和R1’同时为甲基。
X优选为氧(-O-)或未取代或单取代的氮(>NR4),特别优选为氧。
Y优选为氧(-O-)或未取代的氮(>NH),特别优选为氧。
特别优选的组分c)为N-(2’-羟乙基)-噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷或N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷。
特别优选的是N-(2’-羟乙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷,特别优选N-(2’-羟乙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷和N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷。
适合作为组分d)的化合物是具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个活泼分散基团的那些。
这些化合物例如由如下通式表示:
RG-R3-DG
其中
RG为至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,
DG为至少一个活泼分散基团,和
R3为含1-20个碳原子的脂族、环脂族或芳族基团。
对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团RG的例子是-OH、-SH、-NH2和-NHR4,其中R4如前面所定义,但可与前面定义的基团不同。
DG的例子是-COOH、-SO3H、-PO3H和其阴离子形式,它们可结合任何所需的抗衡离子,如Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、铵、甲基铵、二甲基铵、三甲基铵、乙基铵、二乙基铵、三乙基铵、三丁基铵、二异丙基乙基铵、苄基二甲基铵、单乙醇铵、二乙醇铵、三乙醇铵、羟乙基二甲基铵、羟乙基二乙基铵、单丙醇铵、二丙醇铵、三丙醇铵、哌啶鎓、哌嗪鎓、N,N’-二甲基哌嗪鎓、吗啉鎓或吡啶鎓离子。
R3可为例如亚甲基、1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,2-亚丁基、1,4-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、1,6-亚己基、1,8-亚辛基、1,12-亚十二烷基、1,2-亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基、1,4-亚苯基、1,2-亚萘基、1,3-亚萘基、1,4-亚萘基、1,6-亚萘基、1,2-亚环戊基、1,3-亚环戊基、1,2-环亚己基、1,3-亚环己基或1,4-亚环己基。
组分d)优选为例如巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、硫羟乳酸、巯基琥珀酸、甘氨酸、亚氨基二乙酸、肌氨酸、丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、氨基丁酸、羟基乙酸、羟基新戊酸、乳酸、羟基琥珀酸、羟基癸酸、二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、乙二胺三乙酸、羟基十二烷酸、羟基十六烷酸、12-羟基硬脂酸、氨基萘甲酸、羟基乙磺酸、羟基丙磺酸、巯基乙磺酸、巯基丙磺酸、氨基甲磺酸、牛磺酸、氨基丙磺酸和其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或铵盐,其中特别优选上述单羟基羧酸和单羟基磺酸,以及单氨基羧酸和单氨基磺酸。
为制备分散体,将上述酸(若不为盐形式)优选用碱金属盐或胺、优选叔胺完全或部分中和。
合适的组分e)化合物为含至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,例如-OH、-SH、-NH2或-NHR5的那些,其中R5如上面所定义。
可用作组分e)的优选化合物具有2-10个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,更优选2-6个、非常优选2-4个、尤其2-3个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,优选-OH或-NH2,非常优选-OH基团。
所述化合物为例如羟基含量为0.1-20重量%、优选0.5-10重量%的聚合物。该聚合物的数均分子量Mn优选为1000-100000,更优选2000-10000。该聚合物优选为大于50重量%(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯、具有至多20个碳原子的乙烯基芳族化合物、含至多20个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯、乙烯基卤、具有4-8个碳原子和1或2个双键的非芳族烃、不饱和腈和其混合物构成的聚合物。特别优选由大于60重量%(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C10烷基酯、苯乙烯或其混合物构成的聚合物。
所述聚合物还可按照上述羟基含量额外包含羟基官能化单体和合适的话,另外的单体,其例子是烯属不饱和酸,特别是羧酸、酸酐或酰胺。
其它聚合物的例子是可通过多元羧酸,特别是二元羧酸与多元醇,特别是二醇缩合获得的聚酯醇。
其它合适的聚合物包括通过氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯与H-活性组分的加成反应制备的聚醚醇。由丁二醇形成的缩聚物也是合适的。
所述聚合物当然也可为具有伯或仲氨基的化合物。
特别优选的组分e)是二醇或多元醇,如具有2-20个碳原子的烃二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,1-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、双-(4-羟基环己烷)亚异丙基、四甲基环丁二醇、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇、环新二醇、降冰片烷二醇、蒎烷二醇、十氢化萘二醇等,其与短链二元羧酸如己二酸和环己烷二甲酸的酯,其碳酸酯(通过二醇与光气反应或通过与碳酸二烷基酯或碳酸二芳基酯进行酯交换反应制备),或脂族二胺,如亚甲基-和亚异丙基双(环己基胺)、哌嗪、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷双(甲基胺)等,二硫醇或多官能醇,仲或伯氨基醇,如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、单丙醇胺、二丙醇胺等;或硫醇如硫代乙二醇。
还可想到的是二甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、新戊二醇、季戊四醇、1,2-和1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,4-丁二醇、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、二季戊四醇、二羟甲基丙烷、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇、2-氨基乙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、1-氨基-2-丙醇或2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇、双酚A或丁二醇。
同样合适的是平均OH官能度为2-10的不饱和聚醚醇或聚酯醇或者聚丙烯酸酯多元醇,以及多胺,如聚乙烯亚胺,或含游离氨基并衍生自例如聚-N-乙烯基甲酰胺的聚合物。
这里特别合适的是环脂族二醇,如双-(4-羟基环己烷)亚异丙基、四甲基环丁二醇、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇、环辛二醇或降冰片烷二醇。
适于作为组分f)的化合物是具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的那些。它们可为例如具有1-20个碳原子的单醇、硫醇或单胺,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二甘醇单甲醚、二甘醇单乙醚、1,3-丙二醇单甲醚、1,2-丙二醇单乙醚、1,2-丙二醇单甲醚、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、2-乙基己醇、环戊醇、环己醇、环辛醇、环十二烷醇、三甘醇单甲醚、三甘醇单乙醚、正戊醇、硬脂醇、十六烷醇、月桂醇、环戊-2-烯-1-醇、环戊-3-烯-1-醇、环己-2-烯-1-醇、烯丙醇、甲胺、乙胺、异丙基胺、正丙基胺、正丁基胺、异丁基胺、仲丁基胺、叔丁基胺、正戊基胺、正己基胺、正庚基胺、正辛基胺、正癸基胺、正十二烷基胺、2-乙基己基胺、十八烷基胺、十六烷基胺、月桂基胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二正丙胺、二异丙胺、二正丁基胺、二己基胺、二辛基胺、乙基甲基胺、异丙基甲基胺、正丁基甲基胺、叔丁基甲基胺、异丙基乙基胺、正丁基乙基胺、叔丁基乙基胺、环戊基胺、环己基胺、环辛基胺、环十二烷基胺、吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷、N-甲基哌嗪、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、单丙醇胺、二丙醇胺、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、异丁硫醇、仲丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇。
对于光引发剂(C),可以使用本领域熟练技术人员已知的那些,如下面的文献中提及的那些:“Advances in Polymer Science(聚合物科学进展)”,第14卷,Springer Berlin 1974,或K.K.Dietliker,Chemistry and Technologyof UV and EB Formulation for Coatings,Inks and Paints(涂料、油墨和漆的UV和EB配制化学与技术),第3卷;自由基和阳离子聚合用光引发剂,P.K.T.Oldring(编辑),SITA Technology Ltd,伦敦。
合适的例子包括氧化膦、二苯甲酮类、α-羟烷基芳基酮、噻吨酮类、蒽醌类、苯乙酮类、苯偶姻类和苯偶姻醚类、酮缩醇、咪唑类或苯基乙醛酸类和其混合物。
氧化膦为例如氧化单酰基-或双酰基膦,如819(双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦),如例如EP-A 7 508、EP-A 57 474、DE-A 19618 720、EP-A 495 751或EP-A 615 980中所述,如2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦( TPO)、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯或双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦;
二苯甲酮类为例如二苯甲酮、4-氨基二苯甲酮、4,4’-双(二甲基氨基)二苯甲酮、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-氯二苯甲酮、Michler酮、邻甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、2,4-二甲基二苯甲酮、4-异丙基二苯甲酮、2-氯二苯甲酮、2,2’-二氯二苯甲酮、4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、4-丙氧基二苯甲酮或4-丁氧基二苯甲酮;
α-羟烷基芳基酮为例如1-苯甲酰基环己烷-1-醇(1-羟基环己基苯基酮)、2-羟基-2,2-二甲基苯乙酮(2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮)、1-羟基苯乙酮、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙烷-1-酮或含共聚形式的2-羟基-2-甲基-1-(4-异丙烯-2-基苯基)丙烷-1-酮的聚合物KIP 150);
呫吨酮和噻吨酮为例如10-噻吨酮、噻吨-9-酮、呫吨-9-酮、2,4-二甲基噻吨酮、2,4-二乙基噻吨酮、2,4-二异丙基噻吨酮、2,4-二氯噻吨酮或氯呫吨酮;
蒽醌类为例如β-甲基蒽醌、叔丁基蒽醌、蒽醌羧酸酯、苯并[de]蒽-7-酮、苯并[a]蒽-7,12-二酮、2-甲基蒽醌、2-乙基蒽醌、2-叔丁基蒽醌、1-氯蒽醌或2-戊基蒽醌;
苯乙酮类为例如苯乙酮、乙酰萘醌、戊酰苯、己酰苯、α-苯基丁酰苯、对吗啉代丙酰苯、二苯并环庚酮、4-吗啉代二苯甲酮、对二乙酰基苯、4’-甲氧基苯乙酮、α-四氢萘酮、9-乙酰基菲、2-乙酰基菲、3-乙酰基菲、3-乙酰基吲哚、9-芴酮、1-二氢茚酮、1,3,4-三乙酰基苯、1-乙酰萘、2-乙酰萘、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、1,1-二氯苯乙酮、1-羟基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙烷-1-酮、2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-2-酮或2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)丁烷-1-酮;
苯偶姻类和苯偶姻醚类为例如4-吗啉代去氧苯偶姻,苯偶姻,苯偶姻异丁基醚、苯偶姻四氢吡喃基醚、苯偶姻甲基醚、苯偶姻乙基醚、苯偶姻丁基醚、苯偶姻异丙基醚或7H-苯偶姻甲基醚;以及
酮缩醇为例如苯乙酮二甲基酮缩醇、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮,或偶苯酰酮缩醇,如偶苯酰二甲基酮缩醇。
苯基乙醛酸描述于例如DE-A 198 26 712、DE-A 199 13 353或WO 98/33761中。
还可使用的光引发剂为例如苯甲醛、甲基乙基酮、1-萘醛、三苯基膦、三邻甲苯基膦或2,3-丁二酮。
典型的混合物包括例如2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-2-酮和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、二苯甲酮和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮或2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮以及4-甲基二苯甲酮和2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦。
作为其它典型涂料添加剂(D),例如可使用抗氧化剂、稳定剂、活化剂(促进剂)、填料、颜料、染料、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、增稠剂、触变剂、表面活性剂、粘度改性剂、增塑剂或螯合剂。
作为热后固化的促进剂,可以使用例如辛酸锡、辛酸锌、月桂酸二丁基锡或二氮杂[2.2.2]辛烷。
此外,还可以加入一种或多种可光化学和/或热活化的引发剂,其例子是过二硫酸钾、过氧化二苯甲酰基、过氧化环己酮、过氧化二叔丁基、偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化环己基磺酰基·乙酰基、过碳酸二异丙基酯、过辛酸叔丁基酯和苯频哪醇,以及在80℃下的半衰期大于100小时的那些可热活化的引发剂,如过氧化二叔丁基、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧化二枯基、过苯甲酸叔丁酯,硅烷基化频哪醇,如以商品名ADDID 600购自Wacker的那些,或含羟基的N-氧化胺,如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基等。
合适的引发剂的其它例子描述于“Polymer Handbook(聚合物手册)”,第2版,Wiley & Sons,纽约中。
除自由基(共)聚合的(共)聚合物外,合适的增稠剂包括惯用的有机和无机增稠剂,如羟甲基纤维素或膨润土。
作为螯合剂,例如可使用乙二胺乙酸和其盐以及β-二酮。
合适的填料包括硅酸盐,如可通过水解四氯化硅获得的硅酸盐,如购自Degussa的硅藻土,滑石,硅酸铝,硅酸镁,碳酸钙等。合适的稳定剂包括典型的UV吸收剂,如N,N’-草酰二苯胺类、三嗪类和苯并三唑(后者可以品级购自Ciba-)和二苯甲酮类。这些可单独使用或与合适的自由基清除剂一起使用,后者的例子为位阻胺,如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、2,6-二叔丁基哌啶或其衍生物,例如双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯。稳定剂的用量基于配制剂中存在的固体组分通常为0.1-5.0重量%。
本发明的聚氨酯(A)通过组分a)、b)和c)相互反应获得。
在该反应中,对于组分a)中每3mol反应性异氰酸酯基团,摩尔组成a):b):c)通常如下:
b)0.1-2.9,优选0.5-2.8,更优选1.0-2.5,尤其1.5-2.5mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,以及
c)2.9-0.1,优选0.2-2.5,更优选0.5-2.0,尤其0.5-1.5mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
在组分a)、b)和c)反应之后,聚氨酯(A)可仍然含有游离的或合适的话,封闭的异氰酸酯基团,但优选大于30%、更优选大于50%、特别优选大于60%和尤其大于65%的在反应前存在于a)中的异氰酸酯基团已进行反应。
当聚氨酯以含水体系使用时,优选存在的基本上所有异氰酸酯基团已进行反应。
在一个优选的实施方案中,特别是当本发明的聚氨酯以含水分散体使用时,本发明的聚氨酯可包含d)、e)和/或f)作为进一步的合成组分,其用量如下(按聚氨酯(A)中的每摩尔反应性异氰酸酯基团计):
d)1-30mol%,优选2-20mol%,更优选3-15mol%,尤其5-10mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,
e)0-50mol%,优选5-40mol%,更优选10-30mol%,尤其15-25mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和/或
f)0-50mol%,优选5-40mol%,更优选10-30mol%,尤其15-25mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
由异氰酸酯基官能化的化合物和含对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物形成加合物通常通过将这些组分按任何顺序和合适的话,在升高的温度下混合来完成。
优选的是,将含对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物优选分两步或更多步加入异氰酸酯基官能化的化合物中。
特别优选加入异氰酸酯基官能化的化合物作为初始料,并加入含对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物。特别地,首先加入异氰酸酯基官能化的化合物a),接着加入b),随后加入c),或首先加入异氰酸酯基官能化的化合物a),接着加入c),随后加入b)。然后,需要的话,可加入希望的另外的组分。
在另一实施方案中,可以分别由a)和b)和合适的话,d)、e)和/或f)制备加合物(A1),和由a)和c)以及合适的话,d)、e)和/或f)制备加合物(A2),然后将可如此获得的组分(A1)和(A2)反应,由此形成例如用于制备涂料配制剂或分散体的加合物(A).
通常而言,所述反应在0-150℃,优选20-130℃,更优选25-120℃和尤其40-100℃的温度下进行。
所述反应通常以本体(无溶剂)、溶液或分散体方式优选在大气压下进行。
反应在此处优选在无水条件下进行。
“无水”是指反应体系中的水含量不超过5重量%,优选不超过3重量%,更优选不超过1重量%。
所述反应优选在至少一种合适的惰性气体如氮气、氩气、氦气、二氧化碳等存在下进行。
所述反应还可在惰性溶剂如丙酮、异丁基甲基酮、乙基甲基酮、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸丁酯或乙酸乙氧基乙酯存在下进行。然而,所述反应优选在无溶剂存在下进行。
当反应混合物中的对NCO基团呈反应性的基团已基本上定量反应时,通常结束反应。然后通过减压蒸馏除去过量单体异氰酸酯,优选将其降至低于1重量%。
按照DIN 53185测定的本发明的无单体聚氨酯(A)的NCO含量优选为25-0重量%。
其它反应参数是本领域熟练技术人员的通常知识部分,并可按照例如EP-A 585835、EP-A 496208、EP-A 69866、US 5 124 427、US 5 258 482和US 5 290 902以及DE-A-4015155(用于制备其它缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯和异氰脲酸酯)中描述的方式选取。
单体通常在基于使用的异氰酸酯的量优选为10-5000ppm(重量)的催化剂存在下反应.
合适的催化剂包括公知的催化由异氰酸酯基团形成加合物的那些,即例如EP-A-649 866中描述的季铵氢氧化物,例如N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟丙基)氢氧化铵,或从EP-A-182 203中已知的季铵羧酸盐,如2-乙基己酸N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟丙基)铵,或已知用于催化形成脲基甲酸酯的有机锌化合物,如乙酰基丙酮酸锌或2-乙基己酸锌。
作为选择,使用其它有机金属化合物,即用于催化目的的具有至少一个金属-碳共价键的那些,例子是锆和铋的有机化合物。
用于制备本发明的聚氨酯配制剂的上述单体的加聚可特别优选在铯盐存在下进行,如2001年12月12日申请的申请号为10161156.0的德国专利申请中所述。优选的铯盐为使用如下阴离子的化合物:F-、Cl-、ClO-、ClO3 -、ClO4 -、Br-、I-、IO3 -、CN-、OCN-、NO2 -、NO3 -、HCO3 -、CO3 2-、S2-、SH-、HSO3 -、SO3 2-、HSO4 -、SO4 2-、S2O2 2-、S2O4 2-、S2O5 2-、S2O6 2-、S2O7 2-、S2O8 2-、H2PO2 -、H2PO4 -、HPO4 2-、PO4 3-、P2O7 4-、(OCnH2n+1)-、(CnH2n-1O2)-、(CnH2n-3O2)-和(Cn+1H2n-2O4)2-,其中n表示1-20的数。
特别优选羧酸铯,其中阴离子对应于通式(CnH2n-1O2)-和(Cn+1H2n-2O4)2-,其中n为1-20。尤其优选的铯盐具有通式(CnH2n-1O2)-的单羧酸根阴离子,其中n表示1-20的数。在本上下文中,可特别提及甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、己酸根和2-乙基己酸根。
按每kg无溶剂批料计,铯盐的用量为0.01-10mmol铯盐,优选0.05-2mmol铯盐。
铯盐可以固体形式加入批料中,但优选以溶解的形式加入。作为溶剂,极性的非质子溶剂或质子溶剂是合适的。除水外,醇也是特别合适的,尤其合适的是多元醇,如用作聚氨酯的结构单元的那些,例如乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇。使用铯盐可使加聚在标准条件下进行。
形成聚氨酯的反应的进展合适地通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)或通过测定反应化合物中的NCO含量监测。
当对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的起始化合物已基本上完全反应时,即通过GPC不再检测到时,通常终止反应。
终止反应的通常方式是加入去活化剂。合适的去活化剂的例子包括有机和无机酸,相应的酰卤和烷基化试剂。例如可提及磷酸、单氯乙酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、苯甲酰基氯、硫酸二甲酯,优选磷酸二丁酯以及磷酸二-2-乙基己基酯。去活化剂的用量基于催化剂的摩尔数可为1-200mol%,优选20-100mol%。
特别优选的聚氨酯(A)是脲基甲酸酯含量(可通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定)基于最低分子量的脲基甲酸酯分子为0.5-100mol%、非常优选5-65mol%和尤其10-50mol%的那些。
尤其优选的聚氨酯(A)包含至少一种如下通式(II)的化合物或其高级同系物
其中
R、R1、R1’、R2、X和Y如上所定义,
Y’可如对Y所定义,但也可以不同,
R6和R7各自独立地为含2-20个碳原子的二价有机脂族、环脂族或芳族基团,其为未取代的或被官能团、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
R8为氢、甲基、乙基或羟甲基,以及
Z1和Z2可以相同或不同并可彼此独立地为氢或-(CO)-NH-R6-NCO。
R6基团为例如衍生自上述二异氰酸酯的二价基团,如1,4-亚丁基、1,6-亚己基、1,8-亚辛基、1,10-亚癸基、1,12-亚十二烷基、1,14-亚十四烷基、四甲基苯二亚甲基、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-亚己基、2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,4-、1,3-或1,2-亚环己基、二(环己基)甲烷-4,4’-亚基、二(环己基)甲烷-2,4’-亚基、3,3,5,5-四甲基环己基-1,5(1’)-亚基、1,4-二甲基环己烷-1(1’),4(1”)-亚基、1,3-二甲基环己烷-1(1’),3(1”)-亚基、1-甲基环己烷-2,4-或-2,6-亚基、2,4-或2,6-亚甲苯基、间-或对苯二亚甲基、二苯基甲烷-2,4’-亚基、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-亚基、1,3-或1,4-亚苯基、1-氯-2,4-亚苯基、1,5-亚萘基、4,4’-二亚苯基、3,3’-二甲基二苯-4,4’-亚基或3-甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4’-亚基。
R6优选为1,6-亚己基或3,3,5,5-四甲基环己烷-1,5(1’)-亚基,特别优选1,6-亚己基。
R7为例如1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、2-羟基-1,3-亚丙基、2-羟甲基-2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、2,2-双(羟甲基)-1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,6-亚己基或2-乙基-1,3-亚己基。
R7优选为1,2-亚乙基、1,4-亚丁基或1,6-亚己基,更优选1,2-亚乙基或1,4-亚丁基,非常优选1,2-亚乙基。
Y’优选为(-O-)。
R8优选为氢。
n优选为2。
本发明的聚氨酯特别适合作为例如涂料组合物、表面涂料或漆的基料。
本发明的聚氨酯和聚氨酯分散体可优选用作涂料组合物。为此,必要时将组分(C)和合适的话,组分(D)加入其中。
按总重量计,最终的聚氨酯分散体可包含0-10重量%,优选1-8重量%,更优选2-7重量%和尤其3-5重量%的(C)。
按总重量计,最终的分散体可包含0-50重量%,优选5-40重量%,更优选10-30重量%和尤其15-25重量%的组分(D)。
涂布底材按本领域熟练技术人员已知的常规方法进行,其中将本发明的至少一种涂料配制剂或分散体按照需要的厚度施涂于目标底材上,并且合适的话,在加热下除去分散体的挥发性成分。需要的话,此操作可重复一次或多次。施涂底材可按照已知的方式进行,例如通过喷涂、镘涂、刮涂、刷涂、滚涂、辊涂、浇注、层压、注射背模塑(Hinterspritzen)或共挤出进行。涂层厚度通常为约3-1000g/m2,优选10-200g/m2。
此外,还公开了一种涂布底材的方法,该方法涉及合适的话将其它典型涂料添加剂和可热固化树脂加入本发明的聚氨酯中或加入本发明的聚氨酯分散体中或加入本发明的涂料配制剂中,将所得体系施涂于底材上,和合适的话,将其干燥,并将其用电子束或通过UV暴露在含氧气的气氛下或优选在惰性气体下并合适的话,在不超过干燥温度的温度下固化,随后将其在不超过160℃、优选60-160℃的温度下进行热处理。
涂布底材的方法还可按照如下方式进行:首先施涂本发明的聚氨酯或聚氨酯分散体或涂料配制剂,接着在不超过160℃、优选60-160℃的温度下进行热处理,随后用电子束或通过UV暴露在氧气或优选惰性气体中固化。
需要的话,在底材上形成的薄膜的固化可仅通过加热进行。然而,通常而言,涂层可同时通过暴露于高能辐射中和加热固化。
除了或代替热固化,固化还可通过NIR辐射进行,NIR辐射这里是指波长为760nm至2.5μm、优选900-1500nm的电磁辐射。
若在一层上施涂两层或更多层涂料组合物,则需要的话,可在每次涂布操作之后进行NIR、热和/或辐射固化。
用于辐射固化的合适辐射源的例子包括低压汞灯、中压汞灯和高压汞灯,以及荧光管、脉冲灯、金属卤化物灯、电子闪光装置(它们允许在无光引发剂存在下辐射固化)或受激准分子源。该辐射固化通过暴露于高能辐射,即UV辐射或日光、优选波长(λ)为200-700nm、更优选200-500nm和特别优选250-400nm的光线中或通过用高能电子(电子束;150-300keV)辐照进行。使用的辐射源为例如高压汞蒸气灯、激光、脉冲灯(闪光灯)、卤灯或受激准分子发射器。通常足够进行交联的辐射剂量对于UV固化为80-3000mJ/cm2。
当然还可以使用两种或更多种辐射源固化例如2-4小时。
辐射源各自还可在不同的波长范围发射。
合适的话,辐照还可在无氧气下例如在惰性气体气氛下进行。合适的惰性气体优选包括氮气、稀有气体、二氧化碳或燃烧气体。辐照还可对覆盖有透明介质的涂料组合物进行。透明介质的例子是聚合物薄膜、玻璃或液体,例如水。特别优选按照DE-A 199 57 900中描述的方式进行辐照。
本发明进一步提供一种涂布底材的方法,其包括:
i)用上述涂料配制剂或分散体涂布底材,
ii)在其中引发剂(C)基本上未形成自由基的条件下除去涂料配制剂或分散体中的挥发性成分,由此形成薄膜,
iii)需要的话,将步骤ii)中形成的薄膜在该薄膜预固化的过程中进行高能辐射,随后需要的话,对涂布有该预固化的薄膜的制品进行机加工,或将该预固化的薄膜表面与另一底材接触,和
iv)对该薄膜进行最终热固化。
步骤iv)和iii)也可按照相反顺序进行,即可首先将薄膜进行热固化,然后用高能辐射固化。
本发明的涂料配制剂和分散体特别适合涂布底材,如木材、纸张、纺织品、皮革、无纺布、塑料表面、玻璃、陶瓷、矿物建筑材料如水泥块和纤维水泥板,或已涂覆或未涂覆的金属,优选用于涂布特别呈薄膜或箔形式的塑料或金属。
本发明的分散体或涂料配制剂特别优选适合作为或用于外用涂料,即其中暴露于日光下的那些应用,优选用于建筑物上或建筑物部件上的那些,内用涂料,交通标记,汽车或飞机上的涂料。本发明的涂料配制剂或分散体特别适合用作或用于汽车透明涂层漆和面漆材料。
本发明的聚氨酯的固化可例如涉及如下机理:
机理1,快:借助高能辐射固化双键
机理2,慢:借助大气湿气固化异氰酸酯基团
机理3,快:封闭的胺与大气湿气反应,释放出胺(和可能的醇)
机理4,很快:用胺固化NCO基团
机理5,快:用醇羟基固化NCO基团
机理6,快:用胺固化双键(Michael加成)
在常规双固化体系中仅存在机理1和2。对于本发明的产物,通过封闭胺与水的在先反应和NCO与胺的在后反应,明显加速NCO与水的慢反应。生成的胺还引发与双键反应的可能性。
另一优点是由于有目的地形成脲使薄膜变得更硬。
下面的实施例用于说明本发明的性能,但不限制本发明。
实施例
在本说明书中,除非另有说明,所有的份数都应理解为是重量份。
粘度用购自Paar Physica的Rheolab MC1 System,Z4DIN在23℃下测定。
实施例1
在氮气氛下加入在500ml干燥的甲乙酮中的0.5mol亚己基二异氰酸酯(HDI,即1mol NCO基团)作为初始料,并加入0.5mol丙烯酸羟乙酯和0.5mol1-羟乙基-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷(按照DE-A 22 45 636制备)。将该混合物加热至70℃并加入200ppm(基于HDI)二月桂酸二丁基锡。将反应混合物在70℃下搅拌1小时,然后在旋转蒸发器上除去溶剂。该无NCO的固体产物的熔点为70-80℃。
实施例2
在氮气氛下加入亚己基二异氰酸酯(HDI)作为初始料,并加入表1中规定量的(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯。将该混合物加热至80℃,并加入200ppm(重量)(基于二异氰酸酯)的催化剂2-乙基己酸N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟丙基)铵.将温度慢慢升至120℃。将该反应混合物在此温度下反应,直到混合物具有表1中规定的NCO含量为止,此时通过加入250ppm(重量)磷酸二-2-乙基己基酯(基于二异氰酸酯)使反应停止。随后将反应混合物在薄膜蒸发器中在135℃和2.5mba下除去未反应的HDI。
最终产物的数据包括在表1中。
表1
产物序号 | 异氰酸酯 | (甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯 | 基于异氰酸酯的量(mol%) | 混合物的NCO含量(重量%) | 蒸馏后的NCO含量(重量% | 在23℃下的粘度(mPas) |
1 | HDI | HEA | 5 | 40.8 | 20.1 | 520 |
2 | HDI | HEA | 10 | 39.0 | 18.5 | 310 |
3 | HDI | HEA | 15 | 35.6 | 17.4 | 290 |
4 | HDI | HEA | 20 | 33.3 | 16.3 | 260 |
5<sup>*</sup> | HDI | HEA | 20 | 32.0 | 15.1 | 1070 |
6 | HDI | HEA | 35 | 18.5 | 13.0 | 5530 |
7 | HDI | HEA | 50 | 16.8 | 11.8 | 1640 |
8 | HDI | HEMA | 30 | 23.2 | 14.2 | 1290 |
缩写
HDI=亚己基二异氰酸酯
HEA=丙烯酸羟乙基酯
HEMA=甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯
*比产物4的反应时间长
实施例3
在氮气氛下加入200g来自实施例2的NCO含量为16.3%的产物4作为初始料,并加热至60℃,然后在30分钟内加入123g1-羟乙基-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷。将该反应混合物在此温度下反应1小时。冷却后的最终产物(产物9)在23℃下的粘度为720mPas。
实施例4
在反应的第一阶段,制备HDI/HEA加合物作为表1中的产物5。在后续阶段将其与1-羟乙基-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷按照如下工序反应:
将2滴二月桂酸二丁基锡(以100%形式)加入556.3g HDI/HEA加合物(表5中的产物5)中,并将该混合物加热至60℃。然后在30分钟内慢慢加入1-羟乙基-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷(30mol%、40mol%或50mol%,基于按照DIN 53185测定的分析NCO值)。在60℃下连续搅拌约1小时。
最终产物的数据包括在表2中。
表2
产物序号 | 来自实施例2的HEA/HDI加合物产物 | 噁唑烷mol%)以NCO含量计 | NCO含量(重量%) | 在23℃下的粘度(mPas) |
10 | 5 | 30 | 9.0 | 9110 |
11 | 5 | 40 | 7.4 | 16 800 |
12 | 5 | 50 | 5.9 | 23 200 |
12b | 5 | 100 | 0 | >30 000 |
实施例5
在氮气氛下加入亚己基二异氰酸酯(HDI)作为初始料,并加入表3中规定量的丙烯酸羟乙基酯和1-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷。将该混合物加热至80℃,并加入200ppm(重量)(基于二异氰酸酯)的催化剂2-乙基己酸N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟丙基)铵。将该混合物在此温度下反应30分钟,此时通过加入250ppm(重量)(基于二异氰酸酯)磷酸二-2-乙基己基酯使反应停止。随后使反应混合物在薄膜蒸发器中在135℃和2.5mba下除去未反应的HDI。
最终产物的数据包括在表3中。
表3
产物序号 | HEA基于异氰酸酯的量(mol%) | 噁唑烷基于异氰酸酯的量(mol%) | 在23℃下的粘度(mPas) |
13 | 10 | 10 | 730 |
14 | 15 | 15 | 1150 |
实施例6
在氮气氛下加入2000g亚已基二异氰酸酯(HDI)作为初始料并使之与20mol% N-(2-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-1,3-噁唑烷反应得到脲基甲酸酯。为此,将该混合物加热至80℃,加入0.4g催化剂DABCO TMR 1(Air产品的商品名,2-乙基己酸N-(2-羟丙基)三甲基铵),并使该反应在此温度下继续进行至混合物的NCO含量为39-41重量%为止,此时通过加入0.4g磷酸二-2-乙基己基酯使反应停止。为除去单体HDI,随后将该反应混合物在薄膜蒸发器中在165℃的油温和2.5mba下蒸馏。此时,最终产物的残留HDI单体含量不到0.5重量%,粘度为1700mPas(产物15)。
在随后的涂料配制中,将获得的HDI/噁唑烷脲基甲酸酯(产物15)与来自表1的产物5混合。
最终产物的数据包括在表4中。
表4
产物序号 | 产物5的量(mol%) | 产物15的量(mol%) |
16 | 50 | 50 |
17 | 33 | 67 |
将本发明的产物通过大气湿气或通过UV辐照和大气湿气后固化进行固化。将较高粘度的涂料混合物用乙酸丁酯(BuAc)稀释至500mPas。将该涂料用薄膜拉伸框向下拉伸到玻璃或金属片上。
测试方法:
-摆杆阻尼(PD,摆动数):在玻璃底材上的涂层(DIN 53157),干涂膜厚度对于空气固化为约30μm,对于UV固化为约50μm
-Erichsen杯突法(EC;DIN 53156,压痕(mm)):在Bonder板132(尺寸190×105×1mm,购自Chemetall)上涂布涂料:涂膜厚度为25-30μm-划格法附着力(Awc;DIN53151,评分):在Bonder板132(尺寸190×105×1mm,购自Chemetall)上涂布涂料:干涂膜厚度为25-30μm
UV辐照:
将合适的话,在室温下闪蒸除去溶剂的薄膜在IST高压汞灯(120W/cm)下以10m/min的带速辐照5次。
Claims (26)
1.一种聚氨酯(A),包含如下物质作为合成组分:
a)至少一种有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团和/或可阳离子聚合的基团的化合物,
c)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个封闭氨基且分子量低于1000g/mol的化合物,
d)任选地,至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个活泼分散基团的化合物,
e)任选地,至少一种含至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,以及
f)任选地,除a)-d)以外的含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,
其中脲基甲酸酯部分基于最低分子量的脲基甲酸酯分子为5-65mol%,
其中对于组分a)中每3mol反应性异氰酸酯基团,摩尔组成a):b):c)为:
b)0.1-2.9mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
c)2.9-0.1mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团;以及
按聚氨酯(A)中的每摩尔反应性异氰酸酯基团计,组分d)、e)和f)的用量分别如下:
d)在包含组分d)的情况下为1-30mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,
e)0-50mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
f)0-50mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
2.一种聚氨酯(A),包含如下物质作为合成组分:
a)至少一种有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团和/或可阳离子聚合的基团的化合物,
c)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个封闭氨基且分子量低于1000g/mol的化合物,
d)1-30mol%至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个活泼分散基团的化合物,
e)任选地,至少一种含至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,以及
f)任选地,除a)-d)以外的含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,
其中对于组分a)中每3mol反应性异氰酸酯基团,摩尔组成a):b):c)为:
b)0.1-2.9mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
c)2.9-0.1mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团;以及
按聚氨酯(A)中的每摩尔反应性异氰酸酯基团计,组分d)、e)和f)的用量分别如下:
d)1-30mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,
e)0-50mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
f)0-50mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
3.一种聚氨酯(A),包含如下物质作为合成组分:
a)至少一种脂族或环脂族有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团和/或可阳离子聚合的基团的化合物,
c)至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个封闭氨基且分子量低于1000g/mol的化合物,
d)任选地,至少一种含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团和至少一个活泼分散基团的化合物,
e)无含至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,以及
f)任选地,除a)-d)以外的含至少一个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的化合物,
其中对于组分a)中每3mol反应性异氰酸酯基团,摩尔组成a):b):c)为:
b)0.1-2.9mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
c)2.9-0.1mol对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团;以及
按聚氨酯(A)中的每摩尔反应性异氰酸酯基团计,组分d)、e)和f)的用量分别如下:
d)在包含组分d)的情况下为1-30mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,和
f)0-50mol%对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团。
4.如权利要求1的聚氨酯(A),其中合成组分c)的分子量低于750g/mol。
5.如权利要求2的聚氨酯(A),其中合成组分c)的分子量低于750g/mol。
6.如权利要求3的聚氨酯(A),其中合成组分c)的分子量低于750g/mol。
7.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项的聚氨酯(A),每100g化合物含至少0.01mol不饱和的可自由基聚合或可阳离子聚合的基团和/或至少0.01mol封闭氨基。
8.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项的聚氨酯(A),其中封闭氨基选自开链缩醛胺、环状缩醛胺、酮亚胺、醛亚胺、N,O-缩醛、N,O-酮缩醇、羧酰胺、磺酰胺和脒基团。
9.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项的聚氨酯(A),其中组分c)具有如下通式(I)
其中
R和R2各自独立地为含2-20个碳原子的二价有机脂族、环脂族或芳族基团,其为未取代的或被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
R1和R1’各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烷基——其未被间隔或被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或被一个或多个未取代的亚氨基间隔,或各自为C6-C12芳基、C5-C12环烷基或含氧、氮和/或硫原子的五元或六元杂环,其中各所述基团可被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
X为-O-、-NR4-或>N-NR4R5,
Y为-O-、-N(H)-或-S-,以及
R4和R5各自独立地为氢或C1-C4烷基。
10.如权利要求9的聚氨酯(A),其中R和R2各自独立地为1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1-苯基-1,2-亚乙基、2’-氨基乙基-1,2-亚乙基、1-异丙基-1,2-亚乙基、1-叔丁基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苄基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苯基-2-甲基-1,2-亚乙基、1-苯基-2-甲氧基甲基-1,2-亚乙基、亚丁-1-烯-3,4-基、1,3-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,6-亚己基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2,2-二甲基-1,4-亚丁基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-亚环己基、1,2-或1,3-亚环戊基、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-亚苯基、4,4’-亚联苯基或3-氧杂-1,5-亚戊基。
11.如权利要求10的聚氨酯(A),其中R和R2各自独立地为1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基或1,3-亚丙基。
12.如权利要求9的聚氨酯(A),其中R1和R1’各自独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、2-甲氧基乙基、2-乙氧基乙基、2-丁氧基乙基、氯甲基、2-氯乙基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、乙烯基、1-丙烯基、苄基、苯基、甲苯基、氯苯基、二氯苯基、2,6-二甲苯基、2,4,6-三甲苯基、2,6-二甲氧基苯基、2,6-二氯苯基、环戊基、环己基或呋喃基。
13.如权利要求12的聚氨酯(A),其中R1和R1’各自独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、苯基、环戊基、环己基或呋喃基。
14.如权利要求9的聚氨酯(A),其中X为-O-或>NR4。
15.如权利要求9的聚氨酯(A),其中Y为-O-或>NH。
16.如权利要求9的聚氨酯(A),其中组分c)为N-(2’-羟乙基)-噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,5-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-5-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-4,4-甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,4,4-三甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-乙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-丙基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(3’-羟丙基)-2-苯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑烷或N-(3’-羟丙基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基噁唑烷。
17.如权利要求16的聚氨酯(A),其中组分c)为N-(2’-羟乙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-甲基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-乙基噁唑烷、N-(2’-羟丙基)-2-异丙基噁唑烷或N-(2’-羟丙基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷。
18.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项的聚氨酯(A),包含至少一种如下通式(II)的化合物或其高级同系物:
其中
R、R1、R1’、R2、X和Y如权利要求9中所定义,
Y’如对Y所定义,
R6和R7各自独立地为含2-20个碳原子的二价有机脂族、环脂族或芳族基团,其为未取代的或被芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,
R8为氢、甲基、乙基或羟甲基,以及
Z1和Z2可以相同或不同并可彼此独立地为氢或-(CO)-NH-R6-NCO。
19.一种聚氨酯分散体,包含:
(A)如前述权利要求1-18中任一项所述的包含合成组分d)的聚氨酯(A),
(C)任选地,一种或多种可光化学和/或热活化的引发剂,以及
(D)任选地,其它典型涂料添加剂。
20.一种涂料组合物,包含:
至少一种如权利要求19的聚氨酯分散体或至少一种如权利要求1-18中任一项的聚氨酯(A),
(C)任选地,一种或多种可光化学和/或热活化的引发剂,以及
(D)任选地,其它典型涂料添加剂。
21.一种涂布底材的方法,包括辐射固化用权利要求1-18中任一项的聚氨酯(A)、权利要求19的聚氨酯分散体和/或权利要求20的涂料组合物涂布的底材,并将其在不超过160℃的温度下进行热处理。
22.如权利要求21的方法,其中热处理在60-160℃下进行。
23.如权利要求21或22的方法,其中辐射固化在惰性气体中进行。
24.如权利要求1-18中任一项的聚氨酯(A)在可辐射固化的涂料组合物中的用途。
25.如权利要求1-18中任一项的聚氨酯(A)、权利要求19的聚氨酯分散体和/或权利要求20的涂料组合物用于涂布木材、金属或塑料的用途。
26.如权利要求1-18中任一项的聚氨酯(A)、权利要求19的聚氨酯分散体和/或权利要求20的涂料组合物在汽车漆或汽车面漆材料中的用途。
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DE10241299.5 | 2002-09-04 | ||
DE2002141299 DE10241299A1 (de) | 2002-09-04 | 2002-09-04 | Strahlungshärtbare Polyurethane mit verkappten Aminogrupppen |
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US (1) | US20050244652A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1537158B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4469718B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR101049226B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100506873C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003260466A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0313931A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE10241299A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2409336T3 (zh) |
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DE102004058069A1 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Basf Ag | Kratzfeste strahlungshärtbare Beschichtungen |
DE102005057684A1 (de) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-14 | Basf Ag | Strahlungshärtbare dispergierbare Polyurethane und Polyurethandispersionen |
WO2010059703A1 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-27 | Hercules Incorporated | Hydrophobically modified poly(aminoamides) |
EP2828311A1 (de) * | 2012-03-19 | 2015-01-28 | Basf Se | Strahlungshärtbare wässrige dispersionen |
US20140199491A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-17 | Allnex Ip S.À.R.L. | One-component, dual-cure conformal coating compositions |
FR3022252B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-07-01 | SOCIéTé BIC | Fluide de correction photoreticulable |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-04 DE DE2002141299 patent/DE10241299A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-28 KR KR1020107015738A patent/KR101049226B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-28 WO PCT/EP2003/009512 patent/WO2004022621A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-08-28 CN CNB038246570A patent/CN100506873C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-28 BR BR0313931-0A patent/BR0313931A/pt not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-28 JP JP2004533410A patent/JP4469718B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-28 US US10/526,017 patent/US20050244652A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-28 KR KR1020057003788A patent/KR101043302B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-28 AU AU2003260466A patent/AU2003260466A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-28 EP EP20030793761 patent/EP1537158B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-28 ES ES03793761T patent/ES2409336T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10241299A1 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
CN1694912A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
WO2004022621A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 |
KR101043302B1 (ko) | 2011-06-22 |
BR0313931A (pt) | 2005-07-12 |
AU2003260466A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
KR101049226B1 (ko) | 2011-07-13 |
ES2409336T3 (es) | 2013-06-26 |
JP2005537373A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
KR20050057191A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1537158B1 (de) | 2013-04-24 |
EP1537158A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
KR20100098561A (ko) | 2010-09-07 |
US20050244652A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
JP4469718B2 (ja) | 2010-05-26 |
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