CN100504042C - 内燃机的气门传动装置 - Google Patents

内燃机的气门传动装置 Download PDF

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CN100504042C
CN100504042C CNB2005800240733A CN200580024073A CN100504042C CN 100504042 C CN100504042 C CN 100504042C CN B2005800240733 A CNB2005800240733 A CN B2005800240733A CN 200580024073 A CN200580024073 A CN 200580024073A CN 100504042 C CN100504042 C CN 100504042C
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cam
cam member
engine
exterior feature
cylinder
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CN1985074A (zh
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H·艾伦特
C·法里亚
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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FAG Kugelfischer AG and Co OHG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08—Shape of cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有至少一凸轮轴的内燃机的气门传动装置，所述凸轮轴具有一齿形轴(2)和至少一凸轮件(3)，所述凸轮件具有多个不同的、并排设置的凸轮轮廓(13、14)，以便通过借助于执行器(执行器销4和5)将凸轮件(3)在齿形轴(2)上移动来实现对换气阀(8)的不同操作，其中齿形轴(2)具有一轴轮廓(9)，凸轮件(3)具有一与所述轴轮廓相配合的毂轮廓(10)。轴轮廓(9)和毂轮廓(10)的楔、缺口或齿(19)的数量是这样的，即借助于相同的齿形轴(2)和凸轮件(3)可以实现任意的结构形式如直列式发动机、V形发动机或W形发动机和任意的气缸数量的四冲程内燃机的各不同凸轮位置。

Description

内燃机的气门传动装置
技术领域
一种具有至少一凸轮轴的内燃机气门传动装置，所述凸轮轴具有一齿形轴和至少一凸轮件，所述凸轮件具有多个不同的、并排设置的凸轮轮廓，通过借助于执行器将凸轮件在齿形轴上移动来实现对换气阀的不同操作，其中齿形轴具有一轴轮廓，凸轮件具有一与所述轴轮廓相配合的毂轮廓。
背景技术
内燃机的这种气门传动装置由DE 196 11 641 C1已知。通过一轴轮廓和毂轮廓实现凸轮件在凸轮轴的齿形轴上的移动。因为在气缸数量固定的情况下，四冲程的活塞式内燃机具有固定的点火顺序，所以凸轮必须彼此以固定的角度设置在凸轮轴上。对于具有相同点火间隔的四缸活塞式内燃机，进气凸轮彼此之间和排气凸轮彼此之间的扭转角分别是90°。制造相应的凸轮轴保证是没有问题的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种同类型的内燃机气门传动装置，通过它可实现，相同的齿形轴和相同的凸轮件可用于很多发动机型式的进气凸轮轴和/或排气凸轮轴，因为统一的轮廓成型意味着制造成本低并且用于齿形轴和凸轮件的坯件是相同的。
本发明的目的这样得以实现，轴轮廓和毂轮廓的楔、缺口或齿的数量是这样的，即借助于相同的齿形轴和凸轮件可以实现任意的结构形式如直列式发动机、V形发动机或W形发动机和任意的气缸数量的四冲程内燃机的各不同凸轮位置。
涉及轴轮廓及毂轮廓的楔、缺口或齿时应该指出的是，存在不同种类的标准化轴轮廓和毂轮廓，它们全部都纳入到本发明中。也就是说，如果要将相同的型材、相同的齿形轴及相同的基本凸轮件(Grund-Nockenstück)用于不同的角度，则必须可以实现不同的角度位置。
在具有相同点火间隔的三缸直列式发动机中，进气凸轮彼此之间和排放凸轮彼此之间的间隔都是120°；在四缸直列式发动机中是90°；在六缸直列式发动机和具有相同点火间隔的六缸V型发动机中，此角度是60°；在八缸V型发动机中是45°；在十二缸V型发动机中是30°。只有每个发动机使用一个进气凸轮轴和一个排气凸轮轴，或使用一个用于进气阀和排气阀的共同的统一的凸轮轴，所述的这些角度间隔才对于整个发动机是适用的。如果在V形发动机中，每个气缸列或气缸组都使用了至少一个各自的凸轮轴，则发动机的点火顺序也在考虑之列。如果把点火顺序从一个气缸列转换到另一个，则进气凸轮和排放凸轮在此一个气缸列中的一个或多个凸轮轴上的角度间隔也会加倍。但因为可以使用其它的发动机，也就是具有直至二十个气缸的直列式发动机、V型发动机和W型发动机，所以应该通过楔、缺口或齿的合适数量体现各凸轮相互之间的所有间隔。
在本发明一优选的实施例中建议，在三缸、四缸和六缸直列式发动机、具有相同的点火间隔的V6型发动机以及八缸和十二缸V型发动机中，楔、缺口或齿的数量优选为24或24的倍数。这是通过以下得出的，即在六缸和八缸发动机之间以及在八缸和十二缸发动机之间的角度间隔在两个进气凸轮和两个排放凸轮之间分别是15°，因此在凸轮轴翻转360°时必须可以实现15°的间隔，从而得出了24齿的数量。如果如上所述，每个气缸列都用一个凸轮轴或一进气凸轮轴和一排放凸轮轴，则可减少齿的数量。
此外还建议，如果还要把五缸直列式发动机和十缸V型发动机考虑进来，则楔、缺口或齿的数量优选为120或120的倍数。这是通过以下得出的，即在考虑这些发动机的情况下凸轮件彼此的扭转位置必须可能是6°和9°，从而当每个发动机只使用一个唯一的或一个进气凸轮轴和一个排放凸轮轴时一个共同的因子是3°，从而产生120个齿。在每个气缸列有各自凸轮轴的情况下，必要时可再次减少齿的数量。
应该明确指出的是，还应该并且能够是其它不同的发动机，如至多二十缸的W型发动机或V型发动机。必须能够限制齿形轴和凸轮件的直径，因为除了提到的轴轮廓之外还有细轮廓(Feinprofile)，在直径合理的情况下通过所述细轮廓可以体现较小的扭转角度，特别是在所述发动机中通常使用多个凸轮轴。
附图说明
参阅附图以便进一步阐述本发明，在附图中简单地示出本发明的一实施例。其中：
图1具有换气阀的凸轮轴的侧视图；
图2通过图1中线II-II的具有齿形轴和凸轮件的凸轮轴的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中尽可能详细地用1示出活塞式内燃机的一气缸以及气门传动装置的各个部分。其中属于这些部分的是一齿形轴2；凸轮件3；两个执行器销4和5；以及位于凸轮件和用8标识出的换气阀8之间的传动链节6和7。此换气阀8可构成为进气阀或排气阀。
齿形轴2在其纵向延伸的部段上至少具有一轴轮廓9。凸轮件3与之相配合地具有一毂轮廓10，凸轮件通过毂轮廓抗扭地、但轴向可移动地设置在齿形轴2上。
凸轮件3在其外圆周上具有一轴支承部位11，其用来支承凸轮件3并且因此用于支承齿形轴2。轴承12配备给轴支承部位11，所述轴承12未示出地固定在一气缸头上。凸轮轮廓13及14在两侧与凸轮件3的轴支承部位11相邻。凸轮轮廓13及14具有不同的凸轮行程，但有相同的基圆半径。后者是有重大意义的，从而移动凸轮件3时在传动链节6、7与凸轮轮廓13、14之间不会出现卡塞。圆柱形的部段16与凸轮轮廓13和14相邻，凸轮件3终止于所述部段16。此圆柱形部段16分别具有一移动槽口17和18用于每个移动方向。所述移动槽口优选构成和设置成彼此镜像对称的，从而两个移动槽口17和18的导程是相反的。在转动凸轮件3时所述移动槽口的导程与所述槽口的移动尺寸相一致。
在圆柱形部段16的圆周上，移动槽口17和18通过端部件19隔开地并且彼此偏置地终止。
执行器销4、5支承在未示出的执行器壳体中。它们可选择地进入移动槽口17和18中。从而实现了凸轮件的轴向移动。
如特别在图2中可看到，轴轮廓9构成为具有齿20和凹槽21的齿毂轮廓9，凸轮件3的构成为齿毂轮廓的毂轮廓10的相应的内齿和内凹槽压入到所述轴轮廓上。
通过齿毂轮廓和齿轴轮廓上的合适的齿数量，可使凸轮件3在相同的齿形轴2上实现期望的扭转角度，因此在齿数为24或24的倍数时可以实现大量具有相同的齿形轴和相同的基本凸轮件的发动机。如果还要考虑五缸直列式发动机和十缸V型发动机，以覆盖一般的汽车发动机的底板(Palette)，则对于每个齿轴轮廓和齿毂轮廓而言优选120个或120倍数的齿是有利的，以达到期望的角度扭转。
附图标记清单
1   气缸
2   齿形轴
3   凸轮件
4   执行器销
5   执行器销
6   传动链节
7   传动链节
8   换气阀
9   轴轮廓
10  毂轮廓
11  轴支承部位
12   轴承
13   凸轮轮廓
14   凸轮轮廓
16   圆柱形部段
17   移动槽口
18   移动槽口
19   齿
20   端部
21   凹槽

Claims (2)

1.一种具有至少一凸轮轴的内燃机的气门传动装置，所述凸轮轴具有一齿形轴(2)和至少一凸轮件(3)，所述凸轮件具有多个不同的、并排设置的凸轮轮廓(13、14)，以便通过借助于执行器将凸轮件(3)在齿形轴(2)上移动来实现对换气阀(8)的不同操作，其中齿形轴(2)具有一轴轮廓(9)，凸轮件(3)具有一与所述轴轮廓相配合的毂轮廓(10)，其特征在于，轴轮廓(9)和毂轮廓(10)的楔、缺口或齿(19)的数量为24或24的倍数，从而借助于相同的齿形轴(2)和凸轮件(3)能够实现形式为三缸、四缸和六缸的直列式发动机、具有相同的点火间隔的V6型发动机以及八缸和十二缸的V型发动机的四冲程内燃机的各不同凸轮位置。
2.按权利要求1所述的内燃机的气门传动装置，其特征在于，在附加设有相同的齿形轴(2)和凸轮件(3)的五缸直列式发动机和十缸V型发动机中，楔、缺口或齿(19)的数量为120或120的倍数。
CNB2005800240733A 2004-07-30 2005-07-02 内燃机的气门传动装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100504042C (zh)

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DE102004037198A1 (de) 2006-03-23
EP1771642B1 (de) 2008-01-23
ES2302221T3 (es) 2008-07-01
EP1771642A1 (de) 2007-04-11
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JP2008508458A (ja) 2008-03-21

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