CN100467148C - 由轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法 - Google Patents

由轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法 Download PDF

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CN100467148C
CN100467148C CNB2005800438710A CN200580043871A CN100467148C CN 100467148 C CN100467148 C CN 100467148C CN B2005800438710 A CNB2005800438710 A CN B2005800438710A CN 200580043871 A CN200580043871 A CN 200580043871A CN 100467148 C CN100467148 C CN 100467148C
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accordance
rolled
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rolling
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K-H·施皮策
H·艾希霍尔茨
M·舍佩尔克特
G·博尔曼
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SMS Siemag AG
Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21B1/32—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a non-continuous process in reversing single stand mills, e.g. with intermediate storage reels for accumulating work
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    • B21B2001/221—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by cold-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/228—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/004—Heating the product
    • B21B2045/006—Heating the product in vacuum or in inert atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/006—Pinch roll sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/004—Heating the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/008—Heat shields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
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    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由可变形的特别是可良好冷深冲的轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法，该结构钢包括主元素Fe、Mn、Si和Al，其具有高的抗拉强度和TRIP和/或TWIP特性，其中一熔液在一水平的带式浇铸设备中以接近最终尺寸的方式在保护气体下浇铸成一在6mm与20mm之间的范围内的带钢坯，并且在完全凝固以后和开始热轧过程之前有关温度地调准带钢坯；其特征在于，带钢坯通过一处于保护气体下的装置，用以与按选择的保持温度、冷却或加热相结合进行均质化，并且然后经受一具有至少一道次的、包括至少50%的总变形度的热轧过程，并且在冷却以后作为热轧带材卷绕，其中根据浇铸速度对轧制速度的关系实现热轧过程在线或脱离。

Description

由轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由可变形的特别是可良好冷深冲的(
Figure C200580043871D0005093829QIETU
)轻型结构钢生产热轧钢带的方法，该结构钢包括主元素Fe、Mn、Si和Al，其具有高的抗拉强度和TRIP和/或TWIP的特性。
背景技术
已知用于由可变形的特别是可良好冷深冲的轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的同种方法(Steel research 74(2003)No.11/12，第724-731页)。
在这种高锰含量的钢中带来的问题是，必须生产可靠地调准一细晶粒的和等轴的组织。
在DE 197 58 108 C1中公开一种用以连续地生产热轧的薄扁平产品的生产方法和生产装置。一未更详细说明的钢的熔液在一水平的带式浇铸设备以接近最终尺寸的方式在5-18mm的范围内浇铸并且在到达单机架的粗轧机之前在保护气体气氛下受控地冷却。
粗轧的热轧带材在一在粗轧机后面设置的装置中按选择受控地冷却、加热或保持温度以及再加热热轧带材的边缘。
单机架的粗轧机后面接着一多机架的精轧机机组、一包括一用于冷却热轧带材的装置的排料辊道以及前置和后置的用以卷绕热轧带材的卷绕机。
在多机架的精轧机机组之前的轧制温度可以通过在粗轧机后面设置的用于可控地冷却、加热和保持热轧带材温度的装置按选择有针对地调准到奥氏体区域或铁素体区域或从奥氏体向铁素体的过渡区域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种用于由可变形的特别可良好冷深冲的轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法，借其一细晶粒的优选等轴的组织的生产可靠的调准是可能的。
按照本发明的主张，提出一种用于由可变形的轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法，该轻型结构钢包括主元素Fe、Mn、Si和Al，该轻型结构钢具有高的抗拉强度和TRIP和/或TWIP特性，其中熔液在一水平的带式浇铸设备中以接近最终尺寸的方式在保护气体下浇铸成一在6mm与20mm之间的范围内的带钢坯，并且在完全凝固以后和开始热轧过程之前有关温度地调准带钢坯，其中通过带式浇铸生产的带钢坯(Vorband)通过一处于保护气体下的装置用以与一按选择的保持温度、冷却或加热相结合进行均质化。然后使带钢坯经受一具有至少一道次的、包括至少50％的总变形度的热轧过程。在最后的道次以后将热轧带材冷却和卷绕。根据浇铸速度对轧制速度的比例实现热轧过程在线或脱离，优选总变形度大于70％。
其通过均质化区域应该产生一沿表面的温度平衡和一应力松弛，而与此时是否保持温度水平或通过冷却或加热而被降低或提高无关。
关于一在线或分离的热轧过程的问题，浇铸速度对轧制速度的比例是决定性的。如果两速度大致是相同的，则一在线轧制是可能的。相反如果浇铸速度显著地小于或大于轧制速度，则必须进行浇铸与热轧之间的脱离。
速度决定性的通常是在第一轧机机架中的轧制速度，其必须足够高，以便在一确定的温度窗口(Temperaturfenster)中可以发生变形。如果轧制速度过低，则变形温度下降并且大大升高需要的轧制力。虽然人们可以试图通过改变带式浇铸机的长度使接着可能的浇铸速度匹配于第一轧机机架中的相应的轧制速度，但不再有变化可能性。
这意味着，在限于只一种钢质量的情况下在装置技术上可在第一轧机机架中满足条件浇铸速度＝轧制速度，在这样的装置为较大范围的不同钢质量的利用的较高可能性时将把脱离的装置方案放在首要地位。
除研究速度比例外，再结晶性能具有重要性。两极限情况是在变形过程中的完全的再结晶(动态)不同于在变形后的再结晶(静态)。实际的情况构成一混合形式，其中根据条件偶尔动态的或静态的性能是占优势的。
建议的脱离的优点是，人们可以根据钢的合金成分关于最好的凝固条件选择浇铸速度，而与随后的热轧过程的周期无关。相反，上述在线热轧具有高的生产率的优点，其中按选择完全或部分地轧制到最终的厚度。
在一在线热轧中，组织部分地是未充分再结晶的，从而材料特性的最终的调准优选经由一后接的退火过程和/或组合的退火和冷轧过程来实现。
在一脱离的运行方式中，在最简单的情况下在完全凝固和通过均质化区域以后直接卷绕带钢坯，其前提是，带钢坯的铸件组织形成使卷绕和展开是可能的。通常人们使带钢坯经受一第一开轧道次(Anstich)，其至少够用于带的外面区域的部分再结晶，以便可以无困难地卷绕带材。
在斯蒂克尔式运行(Steckelbetrieb)中在确定温度下实现真正的热轧过程，其中在达到预定的变形度以后冷却和卷绕完成的热轧带材。
按照装置布置可能需要的是，在开卷之前将带卷调准到一预定的温度。或者可以在包括至少三个道次压下量(Stichabnahme)的精轧机组实现热轧过程。
在该处理方法中还视为有利的是，将带钢坯经受一第一开轧道次。按照合金成分和力求达到的组织形成可能需要的是，在第一开轧道次与精轧机组之间设置一中间加热。
全部这样制成的热轧带材是可冷变形的并且通过针对的冷变形(例如轧制、拉伸、深冲)包括需要时中间连接的退火过程使其能够在强度、延性和组织等轴方面调准大范围的不同的特性。
决定在最后的热变形以后是否只一再结晶的退火或只一冷变形或两者的组合是需要的，总是取决于在热变形以后达到的再结晶的程度和力求达到的包括组织等轴在内的工艺特性。
优选本发明的方法适用于由一种轻型结构钢生产热轧带材，该轻型结构钢具有含量C＝0.04-1.0％、Mn＝9-30％、Si＝0.0-6.0％、Al＝0.05<12％。
在Si含量2.0-4.0％和Al含量2.0-3.0％时达到有利的数值。对于Mn含量根据是否应该TRIP特性或TWIP特性占优势，控制一上范围(22-30％)和一下范围(9-18％)。中间的Mn范围(18-22％)为了平衡的TRIP特性和TWIP特性的关系成为优选的。
附图说明
由以下多个在附图中示出的实施例的描述得出本发明的其他的特征、优点和细节。其中:
图1简化的本发明的工艺过程，用于条件浇铸速度＝轧制速度；
图2简化的本发明的工艺过程，用于条件浇铸速度≠轧制速度，包括斯蒂克尔式运行的方案；
图3如同图2，但包括精轧机组的方案。
具体实施方式
图1中简化示出一本发明的工艺过程，用于条件浇铸速度大致等于轧制速度。在热轧过程前接采用一水平的带式浇铸设备1的浇铸过程，其包括一循环的输送带2和两个导向辊3、3′。还可见一侧面密封件4，其阻止发出的熔液5可能从右边和左边从输送带2上流走。熔液5借助于一钢水包6输向带式浇铸设备1并且通过一在底面设置的孔7流入一输入容器8。该输入容器8构成如同一溢流容器。
未示出用于强烈冷却输送带2的上股的下面的装置和用相应的保护气体气氛对带式浇铸设备1的完全围盖。
在熔液5送到循环的输送带2上以后由于强烈的冷却导致凝固和形成一带钢坯9，其在输送带2的末端在最大程度上完全凝固。
为了温度平衡和应力松弛，一均质化区域10紧接着带式浇铸设备1。该区域包括一绝热的围盖11和一图中未示出的辊道。该装置可以按选择用于保持带钢坯9的温度或继续冷却带钢坯9或将其稍微加热。
随后的第一轧机机架12或构成为单纯的具有一微小的开轧道次的推动机组或构成为具有一预定的开轧道次的轧制机组。
按照合金成分和力求达到的组织形成，带钢坯直接进入精轧机组或其需要一中间加热。有利地在这里构成为例如一感应线圈13形式的感应加热。实际上的热变形发生于随后的精轧机组，其中头三个轧机机架15、15′、15″产生实际上的道次压下量，而最后的轧机机架16构成为光整轧机。
在最后的道次以后接着一冷却路段17，在其中将完成的热轧带材一直冷却到卷绕温度。
在冷却路段17的末端与卷取机19、19′之间设有一剪床20。该剪床20的目的是，一旦两卷取机19、19′之一卷好，就横向分割热轧带材18。随后的热轧带材18的起端接着导向第二空着的卷取机19、19′。借此确保带张力沿全部带长仍保持不变。这特别在生产薄的热轧带材时具有重要性。
图2示出工艺过程，用于条件浇铸速度≠轧制速度。这意味着，浇铸速度可以显著地大于或小于轧制速度。
熔液5送到带式浇铸设备1上和凝固成带钢坯9的过程等同于图1中所示的过程，从而无需重复。
如已对图1说明的，在均质化区域10以后的第一轧机机架12可以只是推动机组或具有预定的道次压下量的轧机机架。只在铸件组织允许可以卷绕带钢坯9时才可以将功能只降到对带钢坯9的推动。通常总是需要一定的开轧道次。
为了可以由卷取机19接收卷成的带卷21，在第一轧机机架12以后设置一剪床20用以横向分割带钢坯19。按照周期顺序可能需要设置一第二卷取机(图中未示出)。
实际上的热变形与浇铸过程脱开地发生于一单独的装置中。
在该实施例中采用一可逆式机架22，也称为“斯蒂克尔轧机”，其中交替地一次从左向右和一次从右向左地进行轧制并再卷绕。未示出在轧制过程中在所谓保温箱中调准温度的可能性。同样未示出在浇铸设备与可逆式机架22之间设置一加热炉的可能性，以便将卷成的带卷21在开卷之前调准到一预定的温度。
在最后的热变形以后可以使可逆式机架22的右边的排料侧转向，以便使完成的热轧带材18通过一冷却路段17并将热轧带材18卷成一成品带卷23。
不同于图2，图3中示出在一精轧机组24实施实际上的热变形。为此将卷成的带卷21送给精轧机组24并且将带起端穿入精轧机组24的第一轧机机架15中。
在该实施例中精轧机组24包括三个轧机机架15、15′、15″和一光整轧机机架16。在离开光整轧机机架16以后完成的热轧带材18通过一冷却路段并在预定的卷绕温度下卷成一成品带卷23。
附图标记清单
1               带式浇铸设备
2               输送带
3、3′          导向辊
4               侧面密封件
5               熔液
6               钢水包
7               孔
8               输入容器
9               带钢坯
10              均质化区域
11              围盖
12              第一轧机机架
13              感应线圈
14              精轧机组
15、15′、15″  轧机机架
16              光整轧机机架
17              冷却路段
18              热轧带材
19、19′        卷取机
20            剪床
21、21′、21″带卷
22            可逆式机架
23            成品带卷
24            精轧机组

Claims (25)

1.用于由可变形的轻型结构钢生产热轧带材的方法，该轻型结构钢包括主元素Fe、Mn、Si和Al，该轻型结构钢具有高的抗拉强度和TRIP和/或TWIP特性，其中熔液在一水平的带式浇铸设备中以接近最终尺寸的方式在保护气体下浇铸成一在6mm与20mm之间的范围内的带钢坯，并且在完全凝固以后和开始热轧过程之前有关温度地调准带钢坯；其特征在于，带钢坯通过一处于保护气体下的装置，用于与按选择的保持温度、冷却或加热相结合地进行均质化，并且然后经受一具有至少一道次的、包括至少50％的总变形度的热轧过程，并且在冷却以后作为热轧带材进行卷绕，其中根据浇铸速度对轧制速度的关系实现热轧过程在线或脱离。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，总变形度>70％。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，直接在通过均质化区域以后给带钢坯施加第一开轧道次。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在浇铸速度大致等于轧制速度的前提下实现热轧过程在线。
5.按照权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一开轧道次以后进行一中间加热，并且紧接着在冷却和卷绕热轧带材之前实现热轧过程的至少一道次压下量。
6.按照权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，热轧过程包括至少三个道次压下量。
7.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在浇铸速度显著地小于或大于轧制速度的前提下，在第一开轧道次以后只卷绕带钢坯并且在开卷以后单独实现热轧过程。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在斯蒂克尔式运行中在调准的温度下实现热轧过程并且在达到预定的变形度以后冷却和卷绕热轧带材。
9.按照权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在开卷之前为了热轧过程将带卷保持在一预定的温度上。
10.按照权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在一精轧机组中实现热轧过程并且在通过最后的轧机机架以后冷却和卷绕热轧带材。
11.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将热轧带材在最后的热变形以后只再结晶地退火。
12.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将卷成的热轧带材展开并利用至少一个道次经受冷变形。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，冷变形包括多个道次。
14.按照权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，热轧带材在冷变形之前成带卷或在线再结晶地退火。
15.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，钢包含在0.04至1.0重量％的范围内的碳。
16.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，钢包含在9.0至30.0重量％的范围内的锰。
17.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，钢包含在0.0至6.0重量％的范围内的硅。
18.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，钢包含在0.05至12重量％的范围内的铝。
19.按照权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，Si含量为2.0至4.0重量％。
20.按照权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，Al含量为2.0至3.0重量％。
21.按照权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，Mn含量为9至18重量％。
22.按照权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，Mn含量为18至22重量％。
23.按照权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，Mn含量为22至30重量％。
24.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轻型结构钢是可良好冷深冲的。
25.按照权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个道次具有加进的中间退火。
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CA2591060C (en) 2013-09-24
CA2591060A1 (en) 2006-06-29
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WO2006066551A1 (de) 2006-06-29
US20100059196A1 (en) 2010-03-11
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US8069904B2 (en) 2011-12-06
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