CN100454499C - 半导体装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

半导体装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100454499C
CN100454499C CNB2004800154080A CN200480015408A CN100454499C CN 100454499 C CN100454499 C CN 100454499C CN B2004800154080 A CNB2004800154080 A CN B2004800154080A CN 200480015408 A CN200480015408 A CN 200480015408A CN 100454499 C CN100454499 C CN 100454499C
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大见忠弘
寺本章伸
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Abstract

本发明提供一种半导体装置,在具有多个结晶面的立体构造的硅基板表面,使用等离子体形成栅极绝缘膜。等离子体栅极绝缘膜,即使在多个结晶面中与Si(100)结晶面相比仍不会增加界面水平,且立体构造的角部中也具有均匀的膜厚。由此,通过由等离子体形成高品质的栅极绝缘膜,能够得到特性良好的半导体装置。

Description

半导体装置及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双栅极构造、三栅极构造这样的,作为晶体管发挥功能的存在有多个结晶面的半导体装置及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,为了能够强化穿通耐性,形成短沟道的晶体管,提出了双栅极构造或三栅极构造的半导体装置。采用在硅基板表面形成凹凸,在其侧面、上面形成栅极绝缘膜与栅电极,将其侧面的、或侧面与上面的硅基板表面作为晶体管的沟道的这种构造。在将两个侧面作为沟道的情况下,称作双栅极构造,在将两个侧面与上面作为沟道的情况下,称作三栅极构造。
但是,并不限于双栅极构造或三栅极构造,即使是单栅极构造的情况,基板表面也形成有硅氧化膜等栅极绝缘膜。以前,通过热氧化方法让硅氧化膜形成为栅极绝缘膜。
但是,在双栅极构造、三栅极构造的半导体装置中,在通过热处理在基板表面形成栅极绝缘膜的情况下,在结晶面(100)以外处,硅与绝缘膜(Si/SiO2)的界面水平增加,氧化膜的品质下降,很难得到作为半导体装置的良好特性。另外,还存在立体构造的边缘部分中无法均匀形成绝缘膜等问题,从而无法得到良好的栅极绝缘膜。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述状况,目的在于提供一种有助于改善半导体装置的特性的半导体装置的制造方法,以及通过该制造方法所制造出的半导体装置。
根据本发明,在具有多个结晶面的立体构造的硅基板表面,使用等离子体形成栅极绝缘膜。等离子体栅极绝缘膜,即使在多个结晶面中与Si(100)结晶面相比仍不会增加界面水平,在立体构造的角部也具有均匀的膜厚。通过由等离子体成膜高品质的栅极绝缘膜,能够得到特性良好的半导体装置。
附图说明
图1为示出本发明的相关等离子体处理装置的构成之一例的概要图(剖面图)。
图2中概要示出了本发明的相关半导体装置的晶体管构造。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图,对本发明的半导体装置及其制造方法进行说明。
[第1实施例]
图1中示出了本发明中所使用的等离子体处理装置10的概要构成的例子。等离子体处理装置10,具有处理容器11,其设置了保持作为被处理基板的硅晶片W的基板保持台12。处理容器11内的气体(gas)从排气口11A与11B,经图中未显示的排气泵排出。另外,基板保持台12具有加热硅晶片W的加热功能。基板保持台12的周围,设有铝制成的气体挡板(隔板)26。气体挡板(gas baffle)26的上面设有石英被覆物28。
处理容器11的装置上方,对应于基板保持台12上的硅晶片W设有开口部。该开口部被石英或Al2O3制成的电介质板13堵塞。电介质板13的上部(处理容器的外侧),设有平面天线14。该平面天线14中,形成有用来让波导管所供给的电磁波透过的多个槽口。平面天线14的上部(外侧),设有波长缩短板15与波导管18。冷却片16设置在处理容器11的外侧,将波长缩短板15的上部覆盖起来。冷却片16的内部,设有致冷剂流动的致冷剂通道16a。
处理容器11的内部侧壁中,设有在等离子体处理时用来导入气体的供气口22。该供气口22也可以对每一个导入的气体分别设置。在这种情况下,将图中未显示的质量流量控制器作为流量调整机构设置在每一个供气口处。另外,也可以将所导入的气体预先混合起来传输,供给口22可以成为一个喷嘴。这种情况虽然也未图示,但所导入的气体的流量调整,是在混合阶段通过流量调整阀等进行。另外,处理容器11的内壁的内侧,形成行将容器全体包围起来的致冷剂流通道24。
在本发明中所使用的等离子体基板处理装置10中,具有产生用来激发等离子体的数吉赫的电磁波的未图示的电磁波发生器。该电磁波发生器中所产生的微波,在波导管18中传播,被导入到处理容器11中。
使用上述构造的等离子体处理装置10,在基板表面形成本发明的相关栅极绝缘膜(氧化膜)。首先,通过采用公知的方法例如减压CVD法的多晶硅成膜,将晶体管所形成的区域作为凸状的硅块52n、52p而立体形成。将具有硅块52n、52p的硅晶片W导入到处理容器11内,设置在基板保持台12上。之后,经排气口11A、11B进行处理容器11内部的空气的排气,将处理容器11内部设定为给定的处理压。接下来,从供气口22供给惰性气体与氧气。作为惰性气体,例如使用氪(Kr)、氩(Ar)、氙(Xe)中的至少一种。
另外,由电磁波发生器所产生的数GHz频率的微波,通过波导管18被提供给处理容器11。经平面天线14、电介质板13,将该微波导入到处理容器11中。通过该微波激发高频等离子体,反应气体成为自由基,在硅晶片W的基板表面成膜等离子体栅极氧化膜。等离子体氧化膜的成膜时的晶片温度为400℃以下。
图2中示出了本发明的相关半导体装置的晶体管构造的概要。半导体装置中,形成NMOS晶体管的NMOS晶体管用硅块52n,与形成PMOS晶体管的PMOS晶体管用硅块52p,在相同结晶构造的硅基板上形成为凸状。这些硅块52n、52p的两侧面以及上面,形成有栅极绝缘膜54。
在图1所示的等离子体处理装置中,将成膜条件设为功率为2000W,压力为57Pa,温度为400℃,供给气体为氩与氧,时间为30秒,使栅极氧化膜成膜。得到300mmΦ的基板中的膜厚偏差σ=0.67%,界面水平的偏差σ=0.66%的良好结果。等离子体处理装置中,使用等离子体所成膜的栅极绝缘膜54,能够得到即使在硅块的边缘部也为均匀的膜厚,另外结晶面的界面水平也不会增加的良好的绝缘膜。
另外,栅极绝缘膜54上形成有栅电极(未图示)。通过给栅电极加载适当的电压,让晶体管导通截止(onoff)。在晶体管的导通状态下,例如在图2的纸面侧形成源极区域,在内侧形成漏极区域的情况下,从漏极向源极分别有空穴或电子垂直于纸面从内向外流动。这样,硅块的两个侧面以及上面的3边均变为沟道,能够流通电流。由于将立体的3边作为沟道,因此具有能够实现晶体管的小型化的优点。
如图2所示,硅基板平面(水平面)方向的结晶面为(100)面,硅块52n、52p的侧面(垂直面)方向的结晶面为(110)面。相对NMOS晶体管用硅块52n,将PMOS晶体管用硅块52p一方设为侧面(垂直面=(110)面))的面积较大。相反,至于硅块的上面(水平面=(100)面)的面积,PMOS晶体管用硅块52p的面积比NMOS晶体管用硅块52n小。
(100)面上流动的电子(负电荷)的速度,比(110)面上流动的电子的速度快约20%。另外,(100)面上流动的空穴(正电荷)的速度,比(110)面上流动的空穴的速度慢约1/3。利用这样的原理来完成本发明。也即,采用在(110)面中较多流动空穴,在(100)面中较多流动电子的构造。这里的结晶面,包括位于相对结晶轴在±8°的范围内者。
在本实施例中,采用硅基板表面为(100)面的情况为例,因此,形成NMOS晶体管的硅块52n的高度变低,但在硅基板表面为(110)面的情况下,与图2的情况相反,将NMOS晶体管的硅块52n的高度增高。总之,让空穴与电子高效移动。另外,图中的符号54表示硅氧化膜、硅氮化膜、硅氧氮化膜等绝缘膜。
当在硅基板上形成有凸状的硅块时,在形成硅块的上面与侧面中,具有不同的结晶轴。另外为立体构造,具有角部。如果对具有角部的不同结晶面,通过以前的热氧化法使栅极氧化膜成膜,存在角部无法得到均匀膜厚的缺点。另外,与结晶面(100)相比,结晶面(110)中界面水平增加,绝缘膜的品质降低,晶体管的阈值电压在结晶面中不同。但是,在等离子体处理装置中使用等离子体所成膜的栅极绝缘膜54,即使在硅块的角部也具有均匀的膜厚,另外结晶面(110)中界面水平也不会增加,能够得到与结晶面(100)同等的良好的绝缘膜。
本发明中,在具有立体构造的沟道形成区域的半导体装置中,构成沟道形成区域,使得沟道具有多个结晶面,并加大多个结晶面中的电子或空穴的移动度较大的结晶面的面积。另外,使用等离子体在多个结晶面表面中形成栅极绝缘膜,由此得到良好的绝缘膜,得到高品质的半导体装置。
以上根据几个例子对本发明的实施方式以及实施例进行了说明,但本发明并不限定于上述实施例,在权利要求的范围所示的技术思想的范畴内,能够进行变更。

Claims (19)

1.一种半导体装置的制造方法,所述半导体装置在硅所形成的基板表面具有多个结晶面,所述半导体装置的制造方法的特征在于:
在所述硅基板表面上凸状形成有形成晶体管的硅块,
在所述硅块的两侧面以及上面使用等离子体形成所述晶体管的栅极绝缘膜,得到与具有互不相同的结晶面的多个面接触的所述栅极绝缘膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述栅极绝缘膜,包括硅氧化膜、硅氧氮化膜、硅氮化膜中的任一个。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
在上述栅极绝缘膜的形成时,作为惰性气体,使用氪(Kr)、氩(Ar)、氙(Xe)中的至少一个。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述多个结晶面的1个为(100)面。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述多个结晶面的1个为(110)面。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述多个结晶面包括(100)面与(110)面。
7.如权利要求6所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述半导体装置为PMOS晶体管,具有上述多个结晶面的表面中最大的面为(110)面。
8.如权利要求6所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述半导体装置为NMOS晶体管,具有上述多个结晶面的表面中最大的面为(100)面。
9.如权利要求5所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述(110)面位于±8°的范围内。
10.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
在所述硅基板表面上凸状形成形成NMOS晶体管的NMOS晶体管用硅块以及形成PMOS晶体管的PMOS晶体管用硅块,
在各个所述硅块的两侧面以及上面形成各个所述晶体管的栅极绝缘膜,得到与具有互不相同的结晶面的多个面接触的各个所述晶体管的所述栅极绝缘膜,
所述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为(110)面,所述NMOS晶体管与所述栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为(100)面。
11.如权利要求10所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
当所述硅基板表面为(100)面时,所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积比所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积大,且所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积比所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积小,
所述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(110)面的所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面,所述NMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(100)面的所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面。
12.如权利要求10所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于:
当所述硅基板表面为(110)面时,所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积比所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积大,且所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积比所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积小,
所述NMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(100)面的所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面,所述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(110)面的所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面。
13.一种半导体装置,是在硅所形成的基板表面具有多个结晶面的半导体装置,其特征在于:
NMOS晶体管与PMOS晶体管形成在同一个基板上,在上述各个晶体管上形成栅极绝缘膜,所述晶体管的各个栅极绝缘膜与具有互不相同的结晶面的多个面接触,
上述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为(110)面,上述NMOS晶体管与上述栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为(100)面。
14.如权利要求13所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
上述栅极绝缘膜,包括硅氧化膜、硅氧氮化膜、硅氮化膜中的任一个。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
上述栅极绝缘膜含有氪(Kr)、氩(Ar)、氙(Xe)中的至少一个。
16.如权利要求13或14所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
上述(110)面位于±8°的范围内。
17.如权利要求13所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
形成所述NMOS晶体管的NMOS晶体管用硅块以及形成所述PMOS晶体管的PMOS晶体管用硅块在所述硅基板表面上形成为凸状,
各个所述晶体管的栅极绝缘膜与各个所述硅块的两侧面以及上面接触,
所述多个面包括各个所述硅块的两侧面以及上面。
18.如权利要求17所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
当所述硅基板表面为(100)面时,所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积比所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积大,且所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积比所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积小,
所述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(110)面的所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面,所述NMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(100)面的所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面。
19.如权利要求17所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
当所述硅基板表面为(110)面时,所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积比所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面的面积大,且所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积比所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面的面积小,
所述NMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(100)面的所述NMOS晶体管用硅块的各侧面,所述PMOS晶体管与栅极绝缘膜接触的最大的面为具有(110)面的所述PMOS晶体管用硅块的上面。
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