CN100425427C - 具有热塑性粘接料的透气结构件的成型 - Google Patents

具有热塑性粘接料的透气结构件的成型 Download PDF

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CN100425427C
CN100425427C CNB2004800218754A CN200480021875A CN100425427C CN 100425427 C CN100425427 C CN 100425427C CN B2004800218754 A CNB2004800218754 A CN B2004800218754A CN 200480021875 A CN200480021875 A CN 200480021875A CN 100425427 C CN100425427 C CN 100425427C
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雷蒙德·皮翁特科夫斯基
诺贝特·尼古拉
赫伯特·赖辛格
维利·彼得科尔德
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Acoustic development (EfA) Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及热塑性粘接料与纤维、泡沫、粒料等的混合物的成型。成型的透气或透蒸汽材料被水蒸汽加热,随后通过施加真空并使在加热过程中得到的冷凝物蒸发而冷却,从而利用模具形成的形状可以永久地保持。为了执行该方法,模具必须具有特殊的特性。

Description

具有热塑性粘接料的透气结构件的成型
技术领域
本发明涉及热塑性粘接料与纤维、泡沫、粒料等的混合物的成型。
背景技术
由含纤维的主要部件制成的结构件被利用蒸汽加热以使周期时间最小化。因此,采用酚醛树脂作为粘接料的结构件在热压模具中成型,并且化学反应所需的热通过蒸汽输送入结构件的结构中。
对于包括热塑性粘接料的结构件而言,通常以下述方式制备非织片材,即,通过接触在一块板上加热,或者朝向外界敞开,并且流过蒸汽以对其进行加热。
随后,已加热材料在压力模具中成型,并在冷模具中冷却。以批处理的方式采用该方法成型片状坯料,或以连续方法制备板,如DE 69801228T2中所公开的。
在另一过程中,热气体流过已成型材料,已成型材料被这样加热后,由流过它的冷气冷却,如DE 3625818C2中所公开的。
通过液体蒸发进行散热的原理被广泛应用于制冷技术领域。目前水仍然被用作传热介质,尽管现在它已经不如刚刚开始利用这种技术时那么常用。在此情况下,水的蒸发主要是在真空下进行,以便在低温度水平下传输热量。
在工业方法中,广泛应用真空来干燥材料、例如木材,如DE 19822355A1中所公开的。材料被放置到耐压室中。在该耐压室中施加真空,包含在材料中的水份被蒸发。蒸发所需的热量由外部不断地供应。
DE 19907279A1公开了一种由珠粒制备塑料泡沫制品的自动成型装置,其包括型腔,珠粒放置在型腔中被气态的传热流体,尤其是热蒸汽压缩,其中,所述气态传热流体从自动成型装置的一个表面进入型腔,并通过该自动成型装置的另一表面流出,其特征在于,在入口和/或出口处存在织物。
WO 97/04937描述了一种通过对成型工具在压力下供应蒸汽将罩布粘接到垫体上以制成用于座椅部件的座垫的方法。成型工具散发蒸汽并使蒸汽流到工具外,并穿过罩布进入垫体,其中,成型装置、罩布以及垫体都位于保持在较高压力的压力室中,使得粘接过程可在高压环境下进行。
当模制件由聚苯乙烯制备时,一个腔内充满预先发泡的聚苯乙烯颗粒。随后,利用蒸汽加热这些颗粒。所提供的热使得存在于颗粒中的发泡剂蒸发,从而使颗粒进一步发泡。这产生压力,使得这些颗粒挤压在一起并压靠腔壁,从而使它们熔合在一起。在该过程最后为了释放压力,喷入水,并且有时施加真空。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在一短的时间内加热和冷却一透气和透蒸汽的结构件4,该结构件包括带热塑性粘接料的含纤维主要部件,并且密度低且材料厚度从5至150mm,并且结构件中的材料成分没有明显的变化。
在第一实施例中,通过制备和/或设置透气和透蒸汽的结构件4的方法实现上述目的,该结构件包含热塑性粘接料和天然纤维和/或人造纤维的混合物,具有或没有小片和/或颗粒形式的附加泡沫,其特征在于,在通过对成型表面之间的耐压室施加范围为0.5至0.01巴绝对压力的真空以除去空气之后,所述耐压室中的所述结构件4传输到所述模具或从所述模具传来的热量很低或没有,所述结构件在压力为2至10巴绝对压力的范围内由蒸发的传热介质加压,并且,在下一步骤中,真空被施加在0.5至0.1巴绝对压力范围内以蒸发冷凝的传热介质。
与现有技术相比,此处描述的发明使用蒸汽状态的传热介质,尤其是水蒸汽,用于将带有可熔合粘接料的纤维和泡沫成形。主要的优点是通过水蒸汽的冷凝来实现传热用于加热,并且冷凝物基本上保持在这样的位置,即在随后步骤中通过蒸发进行冷却的位置。
需要将所使用的模具构造成适合于这种材料和工艺。在供应水蒸汽阶段,冷模利用在模具上的热传递产生深度冷凝。过多的冷凝物被该结构件吸收,它们不能通过施加真空在很短的时间内从材料中去除。
当模具太热时,内部由蒸发冷却的模制件将粘附到该热模具的表面上。
因此,根据本发明,结构件与具有低导热率和/或低热容率的模具接触,从而把在周期中传到该模具和/或从该模具传出的热量限制为在加工过程中每1m2所述结构件的表面和结构件每加热1K的最大值是250m2/s2
在本发明的另一优选实施例中,结构件4包括至少一层,尤其是两层或多层相同或不同材料成分。
根据本发明,更优选地是采用有孔和/或没孔的具有低热容率的金属片的轮廓限定薄壳与不透水蒸汽的实体模具基座作为成型模具,它们之间间隔有水蒸汽通路。
根据本发明,更优选的是,金属片与所述模具基座距离为2至20mm。可选地,在模具基座上覆上一层具有低导热率的材料用作成型轮廓,这些材料例如是PTFE、EPDM、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂,其厚度为1至30mm。
本发明所描述的模具设计使得成型表面吸收很少的热,因此在模具部件中得到很少的附加冷凝物。同时,在蒸发冷却过程中,表面的冷却可以维持,这有利于将模具部件从模具中释放。
根据本发明,尤其优选地是,采用由处理过的固体材料制成的耐压模具基座,尤其是铝或钢,或者采用由处理过的铸造材料制成的耐压模具基座,尤其是灰铸铁或铸铝。
本发明的所有改进的模具的共同点是加热的基座,在加热的基座处的冷凝保持在很低的水平。
液体传热介质的选择取决于所希望的状态。根据本发明,尤其优选采用传热油或热水作为传热介质流过孔或管线,使温度从120℃达到180℃。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的一种成型模具的剖视图。
图2示出了根据本发明的另一种成型模具的剖视图。
图3示出了根据本发明的又一种成型模具的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在实施例A中,参照图1,成型模具包括两个带孔的薄壁金属片1,2,它们连接到一个由腹板10a至10g支承的金属片框架。除了用于传输水蒸汽的间隙3a至3h外,在成型轮廓后面的型腔填充有适合的填料5a至5b。这些填料可通过深孔7a至7k加热和/或冷却。
该模具被安装在耐压壳体8,9和12中,以便在打开壳体的时候或之后,可以将包含在其中的由上模和下模构成的模具打开,从而可以将结构件4插入和取出。
例如,该壳体安放在可加热板(未示出)上,或者其被在壳体的深孔中流动的传热介质加热。
在闭合壳体中,结构件4形成其最终形状。供应的水蒸汽流入成型金属片1,2后面的型腔,进入透气的结构件4并加热其流过的材料。水蒸汽在材料表面处冷凝,冷凝的热量将材料的温度提高到水蒸汽温度。
金属片1,2具有低的热容率。少量冷凝物形成在成型表面处并透入结构件4的外层。
当施加真空时,粘附到或被吸收到结构件4的材料上的冷凝物由于吸热而蒸发。能量随着水蒸汽被消耗。由于模具的加热而产生的冷凝物出现在外层。蒸发所需的热量被从之前已加热的金属片1,2收回。因此,金属片1,2冷却到模具基座之下,该基座由腹板10a至10g和构成壁的金属片1,2以及填料5a至5b构成,并且朝向它存在一个隔热间隙(2-20mm)。
结果,得到一个容易从模具(金属片1,2)中释放的冷却干燥结构件4。
根据本发明的成型模具的实施例B如图2所示,其包括一个由块5a至5f制成的两部分模具5。模具5还具有外部密封件6。其可通过基座5a至5f中的深孔(未示出)或管线(传热介质流过其中)直接加热,或者,其可通过已加热的安装板间接加热。
轮廓形成为基座5a至5f的块的形状,但比部件的几何形状所需的深度深2至20mm。由金属片1,2形成的轮廓表面通过隔片10a至10h连接到其上。两个金属片1,2的至少一个上加工有孔。通过基座5a至5f中的一或多个孔,水蒸汽供给到带孔的金属片1,2和模具基座5a至5f之间的型腔3a至3f,以及从其中抽出。本实施例的特点与实施例A的相同。
图3示出了本发明的实施例C,其具有类似实施例B的模具基座5a,5b。具有低导热率的材料11被覆到基座5a,5b的凹形轮廓,并且优选地,结构件4的热塑性粘接料对所述材料11具有低的粘接力。在该实施例中,通过阻止热量从成型表面传输到坚固连接的基座5a,5b,可实现对本发明的模具上的冷凝的限制。由于可熔部件和成型表面的低粘接力,可接受更高的表面温度,因此,在工作周期中,在模具5a,5b上由于冷凝产生的冷凝物更少。

Claims (13)

1. 一种制备透气的结构件(4)的方法,所述结构件包括热塑性粘接料和天然纤维的混合物、或热塑性粘接料和人造纤维的混合物、或热塑性粘接料和天然纤维与人造纤维的混合物,有小片或颗粒形状的附加泡沫或者有小片和颗粒形状的附加泡沫,其特征在于,所述结构件(4)在耐压室中位于模具的成型表面之间,并且结构件与所述模具之间具有低热量传递或没有热量传递,在通过对耐压室施加范围为0.5至0.01巴绝对压力的真空以除去空气之后,所述结构件在压力为2至10巴绝对压力的范围内由蒸气状态的传热介质加压,并且,在下一步骤中,在0.5至0.1巴绝对压力范围内施加真空以蒸发冷凝的传热介质。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在整个方法中,每单位质量的所述结构件在蒸气状态的传热介质和成型表面之间的传热量为,在加工过程中每1m2的结构件表面且结构件每加热1K所述热量低于250m2/s2
3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,采用由至少一层材料成分构成的结构件(4)。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,采用由两层或多层相同或不同材料成分构成的结构件(4)。
5. 根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,模具由有孔或没孔的金属片的轮廓限定的薄壳与不透水蒸气的实体模具基座构成,所述薄壳和所述模具基座之间间隔有水蒸气通路。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,与所述模具基座距离为2至20mm的至少一个有孔或没孔的金属片被用作成型轮廓。
7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在模具基座上覆上一层具有低导热率的材料用作成型轮廓,其厚度为1至30mm。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述材料是PTFE、EPDM、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
9. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,采用由处理过的实体材料制成的耐压的模具基座。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述实体材料是铝或钢。
11. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,采用由处理过的铸造材料制成的耐压的模具基座。
12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铸造材料是灰铸铁或铸铝。
13. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模具基座上形成有一或多个孔(7)或管线,采用传热油或热水作为传热介质流过所述孔(7)或管线,使温度从120℃达到180℃。
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