CN100373543C - 富铑的氧隔绝层 - Google Patents
富铑的氧隔绝层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100373543C CN100373543C CNB028049187A CN02804918A CN100373543C CN 100373543 C CN100373543 C CN 100373543C CN B028049187 A CNB028049187 A CN B028049187A CN 02804918 A CN02804918 A CN 02804918A CN 100373543 C CN100373543 C CN 100373543C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rhodium
- layer
- capacitor
- rich
- dielectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical class COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XZPXMWMVWDSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)C(C)(C)C XZPXMWMVWDSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 propionyloxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 89
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDNLRUSAWWOAFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Pt]C1C=CC=C1 Chemical group C[Pt]C1C=CC=C1 YDNLRUSAWWOAFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910006400 μ-Cl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
- H01L28/75—Electrodes comprising two or more layers, e.g. comprising a barrier layer and a metal layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/28568—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table the conductive layers comprising transition metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/55—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (45)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/789,335 US6518610B2 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2001-02-20 | Rhodium-rich oxygen barriers |
US09/789,335 | 2001-02-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1518758A CN1518758A (zh) | 2004-08-04 |
CN100373543C true CN100373543C (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
Family
ID=25147325
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB028049187A Expired - Fee Related CN100373543C (zh) | 2001-02-20 | 2002-02-11 | 富铑的氧隔绝层 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6518610B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1368822B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4399521B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100610303B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100373543C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE346377T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60216241T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002067302A2 (zh) |
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US20050012087A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-01-20 | Yi-Ming Sheu | Self-aligned MOSFET having an oxide region below the channel |
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US6936881B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-08-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Capacitor that includes high permittivity capacitor dielectric |
US7078742B2 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2006-07-18 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Strained-channel semiconductor structure and method of fabricating the same |
US7101742B2 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2006-09-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Strained channel complementary field-effect transistors and methods of manufacture |
US20050035369A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Chun-Chieh Lin | Structure and method of forming integrated circuits utilizing strained channel transistors |
US7112495B2 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2006-09-26 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Structure and method of a strained channel transistor and a second semiconductor component in an integrated circuit |
US20050035410A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Yee-Chia Yeo | Semiconductor diode with reduced leakage |
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US20050186722A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Kuan-Lun Cheng | Method and structure for CMOS device with stress relaxed by ion implantation of carbon or oxygen containing ions |
US20050266632A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | Yun-Hsiu Chen | Integrated circuit with strained and non-strained transistors, and method of forming thereof |
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US20060151822A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-13 | Shrinivas Govindarajan | DRAM with high K dielectric storage capacitor and method of making the same |
US20060228855A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Intel Corporation | Capacitor with co-planar electrodes |
US7687409B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2010-03-30 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Atomic layer deposited titanium silicon oxide films |
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KR100639219B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-10-30 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 반도체 소자의 캐패시터 형성방법 |
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US7405154B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2008-07-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Structure and method of forming electrodeposited contacts |
US8558278B2 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2013-10-15 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Strained transistor with optimized drive current and method of forming |
FR2915315B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-19 | 2009-06-26 | St Microelectronics Crolles 2 | Procede de fabrication d'un condensateur a stabilite elevee et condensateur correspondant. |
US20090085085A1 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-04-02 | James Chyi Lai | Dram cell with capacitor in the metal layer |
US7943961B2 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2011-05-17 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Strain bars in stressed layers of MOS devices |
US7808051B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-10-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Standard cell without OD space effect in Y-direction |
US8809827B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-08-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thermally assisted MRAM with multilayer strap and top contact for low thermal conductivity |
US9515251B2 (en) | 2014-04-09 | 2016-12-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Structure for thermally assisted MRAM |
US10079235B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-09-18 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Memory cells and memory arrays |
CN109219883B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2023-03-21 | 美光科技公司 | 存储器胞元和存储器阵列 |
US10056386B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-08-21 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Memory cells and memory arrays |
US11211384B2 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2021-12-28 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Memory cells, arrays of two transistor-one capacitor memory cells, methods of forming an array of two transistor-one capacitor memory cells, and methods used in fabricating integrated circuitry |
CN110753962A (zh) | 2017-08-29 | 2020-02-04 | 美光科技公司 | 存储器电路 |
Citations (2)
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US5751540A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1998-05-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Ferroelectric capacitor with rhodium electrodes |
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Family Cites Families (21)
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- 2002-02-11 AT AT02742467T patent/ATE346377T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-11 JP JP2002566534A patent/JP4399521B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-11 WO PCT/US2002/004090 patent/WO2002067302A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-11 DE DE60216241T patent/DE60216241T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-11 CN CNB028049187A patent/CN100373543C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-11 KR KR1020037010896A patent/KR100610303B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 US US10/209,386 patent/US6740554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-12 US US10/318,597 patent/US6781175B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2004
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1518758A (zh) | 2004-08-04 |
US6518610B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
WO2002067302A3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
KR20030088433A (ko) | 2003-11-19 |
DE60216241T2 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
US20030102501A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
KR100610303B1 (ko) | 2006-08-09 |
WO2002067302A8 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
DE60216241D1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
EP1368822B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
US20020190303A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP1368822A2 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
US20020113260A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
JP2004532512A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
ATE346377T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
US6740554B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
US20040212002A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
JP4399521B2 (ja) | 2010-01-20 |
US6781175B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
WO2002067302A2 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
US7038263B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
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