CN100367543C - 一种锂合金复合材料及其制备方法、负极材料、负极结构体及锂二次电池 - Google Patents
一种锂合金复合材料及其制备方法、负极材料、负极结构体及锂二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100367543C CN100367543C CNB2004100511836A CN200410051183A CN100367543C CN 100367543 C CN100367543 C CN 100367543C CN B2004100511836 A CNB2004100511836 A CN B2004100511836A CN 200410051183 A CN200410051183 A CN 200410051183A CN 100367543 C CN100367543 C CN 100367543C
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- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 LiSiF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- FCVHBUFELUXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[AlH3] Chemical compound [Li].[AlH3] FCVHBUFELUXTLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWFPCDJSMKKRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Li] Chemical compound [Cr].[Li] SWFPCDJSMKKRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBXOPEGTOZQGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Nb] Chemical compound [Li].[Nb] IBXOPEGTOZQGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFZYLAXEYRJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Zr] Chemical compound [Li].[Zr] LFZYLAXEYRJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OXCFQWSYBCETRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Be] OXCFQWSYBCETRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008015 Li-M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种锂二次电池负极材料,该负极材料由含有具有核壳结构的锂合金复合材料和碳材料混合构成,所述的核为锂合金粉末颗粒,所述的壳为不定形结构的碳,它能有效的抑制锂合金的体积膨胀。其中锂合金复合材料的含量占负极复合材料总重量的0.5wt%~20wt%,本发明还提供了一种采用该负极材料的负极结构体,以及采用该负极结构体的锂二次电池,以及该锂合金复合材料的制备方法,本发明的锂二次电池具有良好首次充放电效率、电池容量及循环寿命。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种锂二次电池及负极结构体,更具体的,本发明涉及一种锂二次电池负极材料,其中该负极材料中含有锂合金复合材料,可提高电池的首次放电容量及寿命,本发明还涉及一种采用该负极材料的负极结构体,以及采用该负极结构体的锂二次电池,本发明还涉及该锂合金复合材料的制备方法。
【背景技术】
锂离子电池是一种全新的绿色化学电源,与传统的镍镉电池、镍氢电池相比具有电压高,寿命长,能量密度大的优点。因此自1990年日本索尼公司推出第一代锂离子电池后,它已经得到迅速发展并广泛应用于各种便携式设备中。近年来,随着能源、环境等方面的需求,锂离子电池以其电压高、重量轻、无记忆效应、循环寿命长和无环境污染等优点更被越来越多的人接纳。
传统的锂离子电池负极采用石墨化碳材料如天然石墨、人造石墨等,以及非石墨化碳材料如非石墨化炭、由多炔类高分子材料通过高温氧化得到的炭、热解炭、焦炭、有机高分子烧结物、活性炭等,但这些碳材料在第一次充电过程中,会在碳材料表层形成SEI膜(Surface Electrolyte Interface),SEI膜的形成以及电解液中的其它一些反应导致了电池的初始充放电效率降低,影响了电池容量的发挥。
为了解决上述问题,有一种负极碳材料中分散有含锂的合金粉末颗粒,在负极材料中添加一些含锂的合金可以有效地解决电池由于初始充放电效率下降导致的电池容量下降的问题。但含锂合金的加入,随着电池充放电的不断进行,含锂的合金体积膨胀,导致极片物质之间疏松,甚至引起极片物质的脱落,内阻增大,影响了电池的循环性能。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,它能有效的抑制锂合金的体积膨胀。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题在于,提供这种锂合金复合材料的制备方法。
本发明要解决的又一技术问题在于,提供一种锂二次电池的负极复合材料,它能有效的抑制其中锂合金的体积膨胀,提高锂二次电池的循环性能。
本发明要解决的再已技术问题在于,提供一种具有良好循环性能的锂二次电池的负极结构体。
本发明要解决的再一技术问题在于,提供一种具有良好循环性能的锂二次电池。
为解决本发明的技术问题,所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,具有核壳结构,所述的核为锂合金粉末颗粒,所述的壳为不定形结构的碳。
更具体的,所述的具有核结构的锂合金粉末的平均粒径为5~40μm,具有壳结构的不定形碳层的平均厚度为50-1000。所述锂合金选自由Be,Mg,Ti,Zr,V,Nb,Cr,Cu和Al至少之一金属与锂所组成的合金。所述锂金属在合金中所占重量百分比为10wt%~40wt%。
本发明提供的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a)、将上述的锂合金复合材料浸渍在浓度为3-10%的沥青的四氢呋喃溶液中,搅拌处理1-6个小时,然后将分离得到的产物,在保护气氛下进行烘干;
b)、将步骤a)中的烘干产物在保护气氛下,在500-1200℃的烧结炉中烧结4-10小时,获得包覆碳材料的含锂合金粉末。
本发明提供的一种锂二次电池的负极复合材料,由碳材料和上述用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料混合构成,其中,锂合金复合材料的含量占负极复合材料总重量的0.5wt%~20wt%。
所述碳材料没有特别限定,可采用锂二次电池常规碳负极材料,可以选自石墨化碳、非石墨化炭、热解炭、焦炭、有机高分子烧结物、活性炭中的至少一种,优选石墨化碳材料。
本发明提供的一种锂二次电池的负极结构体,包括:上述的负极复合材料,和集电体,所述的负极复合材料涂覆于该集电体上。
本发明提供的一种锂二次电池,包括正极、负极和非水电解液,其中,所述的负极采用上述的负极结构体。
所述的正极没有特别限定,可采用锂二次电池常规正极,由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的正极活性物质涂敷在集电体表面而形成,所述的正极活性物质可选自由TiS2、MoS2、V2O5和锂复合氧化物LiMxO2所组成的组中的至少一种,其中M为选自Co、Ni、Mn、Fe、Al、V和Ti之中的至少一种,x范围在0.05至1.10之间。
所述的非水电解液没有特别限定,可采用锂二次电池领域中的常规电解液,比如选自含有LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCH3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiAlCl4、LiSiF6、LiB(C6H5)4、LiCl和LiBr电解质中至少之一的非水电解液。
与现有技术相比,本发明的锂离子负极活性物质,它含有一定量的包覆碳材料的含锂合金粉末。该包覆碳材料的含锂合金粉末是以含锂的合金粉末作为“核”,不定型碳作为“壳”层在高温下制备得到的。壳层结构是通过聚合反应的方法在含锂的合金粉末的表层沉积一层聚合物的前驱体,沿着基面生长后将含锂的合金粉末包覆形成球状,然后在一定温度下通过固相炭化工艺制备得到。本发明这种采用包覆碳材料的含锂合金粉末,能够抑制含锂合金粉末的膨胀,从而改善了电池的循环性能。另一方面,因锂合金粉末中含有一定量的Li,这些粉末均匀地混合在负极活性物质中。当电池充电时,负极活性物质和锂合金粉末之间先进行反应。锂合金粉末中的Li先脱出,掺杂到负极活性物质中去。因此,正极脱出的锂离子用在SEI膜的形成将会少得多。Li的比容量为4000mAh/g,即使在合金中Li的释放的锂离子也远高于石墨,天然石墨的理论比容量只有372mAh/g。因此,这部分锂离子可以有效地弥补正极活性物质的锂离子由于与负极碳材料发生不可逆反应产生的损耗,从而提高了正极活性物质的使用率,提高了电池的首次充放电效率,电池容量也提高了。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例3含包覆碳材料的锂合金粉末的锂二次电池和比较例2未包覆碳材料的锂合金粉末的锂二次电池的500循环比较图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述:
本发明采用的作为核结构的锂合金粉末,要求粒径在5-40μm之间。这是由于锂二次电池负极碳材料的粒径一般几十个μm,合金粉末粒径太大,包覆之后颗粒体积太大,不利于拉浆涂覆。合金粉末粒径太小,包覆碳过多,含锂合金中的锂无法充分利用。
本发明碳壳层平均厚度是根据包覆碳材料前后粉末颗粒的平均粒径差来表征。即碳壳层平均厚度=(包覆碳材料后粉末颗粒平均粒径-包覆碳材料前合金粉末平均粒径)/2。本发明包覆的碳壳层平均厚度在50-1000之间,壳层厚度太薄无法对合金粉末形成有效包覆,壳层厚度太厚,影响合金粉末锂的释出。
本发明采用的锂合金粉末中,锂金属在合金中所占重量百分比为10wt%~40wt%。当非锂的金属所占比例太多,释放的锂离子太少,反而增加了负极的用料。当非锂的金属所占比例太少,锂合金的制作将会相当困难,而且锂含量太高,将导致负极料无法在空气中制作,对周围环境的要求苛刻,增加了电池制作的成本,且锂含量太高,该合金的熔点太低,不好包覆。而本发明的非锂金属的范围可以使得该合金可以在干燥空气中使用,因而减少了制作成本。
本发明的锂二次电池负极复合材料中,所采用的锂合金粉末占负极活性物质在0.5%-20重量%之间,这是由于当合金粉末量太少时,释放的锂离子不多,对整个电池的充放电效率影响不大。而当合金粉末占的比例较高时,必然导致活性物质的减少,这将影响电池实际容量。
本发明作为核结构的锂合金没有特别的限定,可选用常规的可贮锂的用于锂离子二次电池负极的锂合金,比如可选自由Be,Mg,Ti,Zr,V,Nb,Cr,Cu和Al至少之一金属与锂所组成的合金。
在本发明中,负极活性物质的基料没有特别的限制,可以采用现有技术中常用的基料,例如碳材料。所述碳材料可以是非石墨化炭、石墨、或由多炔类高分子材料通过高温氧化得到的炭,也可使用其它碳材料例如热解炭、焦炭、有机高分子烧结物、活性炭等;所述有机高分子烧结物可以是通过将酚醛树脂、环氧树脂等在合适温度下烧结并炭化后所得产物。
在本发明中,负极的制备可以是通过将负极集电体用本发明的负极复合材料的浆料拉浆涂覆得到。所述负极集电体可采用铜箔。在作为基料的碳材料中加入一定比例的包覆碳层的锂合金粉末、粘接剂和合适的溶剂混合均匀,拉浆涂覆在铜箔上,形成负极。所述粘接剂和溶剂没有特别的限制,通常是用于锂离子电池的负极制备的公知粘接剂和溶剂。
所述的能够掺杂和去杂锂的正极没有特别的限制,可以采用本领域公知的用于锂离子二次电池的正极材料作为本发明的正极。
一般来说,所述正极包括集电体和附在集电体上的正极活性物质。集电体可采用铝箔或镍网。所述正极活性物质可以选自金属硫化物或氧化物,例如,可以是选自TiS2、MoS2、V2O5和锂复合氧化物之中的至少一种。这些材料可以单独使用,也可混合使用。其中所述锂复合氧化物含有充当主成分的LiMxO2,其中M为选自Co、Ni、Mn、Fe、Al、V和Ti之中的至少一种,x根据电池充电或放电状态而改变,其范围在0.05至1.10之间。
所述的正极活性物质优选使用含有Li的层间复合氧化物,这些锂复合氧化物可产生高电压,并充当具有优良能量密度的正极活性物质。
在本发明中,正极的制备方法没有特别的限制,可以是通过拉浆得到。所述含有正极活性物质的粉末可以含有粘接剂和溶剂,并且还可以含有导电剂。下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的说明。
【比较例1】
负极的制备:取负极活性物质国产石墨100份,加入粘接剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)3份,加入一定量的四氢呋喃,进行搅拌混合均匀。在厚度为10μm的铜箔上进行拉浆,然后干燥,压制成电池用的负极片。
正极的制备:取正极活性物质钴酸锂(LiCoO2)100份,加入粘接剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)粉末3份,再加入导电剂乙炔黑15份,在溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中进行搅拌混合均匀。在20μm厚的铝箔上进行拉浆,然后干燥,压制成电池用的正极极片。
电解液的制备:按碳酸乙烯酯(EC)∶碳酸二乙酯(DEC)=1∶1的比例制成溶剂,加入一定量的LiPF6形成浓度为1mol/l的电解液。
负极片和正极片以及隔膜纸相隔叠放,卷绕,注入电解液,制成053048方形锂二次电池。
【实施例1】
称一定量的铝锂合金粉末,平均粒径为30μm,浸渍在沥青的四氢呋喃溶液,浓度为5%,搅拌处理2个小时,然后分离得到的产物,在氩气气氛下进行烘干。将烘干产物在氩气气氛保护下,在900℃的烧结炉中烧结4小时,获得包覆碳材料的锂铝合金粉末。
负极的制备:取负极活性物质国产石墨100份,再加入2份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同比较例1的负极制备。
正极、电解液的制备和电池的整体制备同比较例1。得到样品1#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是4份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品2#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是6份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品3#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是8份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品4#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是10份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品5#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是12份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品6#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是14份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品7#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是16份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品8#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是18份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品9#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入的是20份包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末,其余同样品1#。得到样品10#。
【性能测试】
比较例1和实施例1中的电池,充电方式为恒压充电,限制电流为0.05C(30mA),截止电流为5mA/cm2,终止电压为4.2V;放电方式为恒流放电,放电电流为0.05C(30mA),放电的截止电压为3V。
表1
No. | 负极活性物质∶包覆碳材料的合金粉末 | 首次充放电效率(%) | 放电容量(mAh/g) | ||
第1循环 | 第2循环 | ||||
比较例1 | 100∶0 | 85.3 | 605.2 | 610.6 | |
实施例1 | 1# | 100∶2 | 87.3 | 611.1 | 612.5 |
2# | 100∶4 | 89.2 | 618.7 | 619.4 | |
3# | 100∶6 | 90.3 | 627.2 | 627.5 | |
4# | 100∶8 | 91.6 | 631.3 | 631.2 | |
5# | 100∶10 | 93.4 | 642.6 | 637.1 | |
6# | 100∶12 | 99.7 | 661.2 | 636.2 |
7# | 100∶14 | 105.9 | 671.8 | 622.1 | |
8# | 100∶16 | 120.1 | 687.4 | 616.2 | |
9# | 100∶18 | 157.9 | 695.9 | 601.6 | |
10# | 100∶20 | 195.3 | 711.2 | 600.4 |
测试结果见表1。实验结果表明,在负极活性物质中加入包覆碳材料的铝锂合金粉末可以提高电池首次充放电效率。合金粉末含量太高时负极碳材料的容量反而减少,第2循环容量反而下降了。
【实施例2】
负极的制备:取100份重量的国产石墨,加入8份包覆碳材料铍锂合金粉末,平均粒径为16μm,铍Be的重量占铍锂合金粉末重量的70%。其余电池制备同比较例1。得到样品11#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的镁锂合金粉末的平均粒径为20μm,镁Mg的重量占镁锂合金粉末重量的70%,其余同样品11#。得到样品12#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的钛锂合金粉末的平均粒径为18μm,钛Ti的重量占钛锂合金粉末重量的70%,其余同样品11#。得到样品13#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的锆锂合金粉末的平均粒径为14μm,锆Zr的重量占锆锂合金粉末重量的70%,其余同样品11#。得到样品14#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的钒锂合金粉末的平均粒径为15μm,钒V的重量占钒锂合金粉末重量的70%,其余同样品11#。得到样品15#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的铌锂合金粉末的平均粒径为13μm,铌Nb的重量占铌锂合金粉末重量的70%,其余同样品11#。得到样品16#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的铬锂合金粉末的平均粒径为17μm,铬Cr的重量占铬锂合金粉末重量的70%。其余同样品11#。得到样品17#。
除了在样品1#的负极片中加入8份包覆碳材料的铜锂合金粉末的平均粒径为19μm,铜Cu的重量占铜锂合金粉末重量的70%。其余同样品11#。得到样品18#。
测试结果见表2。
表2实施例2和比较例1的比较
No. | Li-M合金 | 负极料∶合金粉末(wt%) | 首次充放电效率(%) | 放电容量(mAh/g) | ||||
M | M含有量(占粉末wt%) | 合金内核直径(μm) | 第1循环 | 第2循环 | ||||
比较例1 | - | - | - | 100∶0 | 85.3 | 605.2 | 610.6 | |
实施例2 | 11# | Be | 70 | 16 | 100∶8 | 98.2 | 631.2 | 604.1 |
12# | Mg | 70 | 20 | 100∶8 | 97.5 | 618.7 | 616.5 | |
13# | Ti | 70 | 18 | 100∶8 | 97.6 | 625.3 | 615.8 | |
14# | Zr | 70 | 14 | 100∶8 | 96.8 | 611.3 | 606.1 | |
15# | V | 70 | 15 | 100∶8 | 98.4 | 640.1 | 631.3 | |
16# | Nb | 70 | 13 | 100∶8 | 98.1 | 631.7 | 323.2 | |
17# | Cr | 70 | 17 | 100∶8 | 97.4 | 625.8 | 624.7 | |
18# | Cu | 70 | 19 | 100∶8 | 95.1 | 603.4 | 602.3 |
从实验结果可以看出,Be,Ti,Ti,Zr,V,Nb,Cr,Cu和Al一样,当和Li形成合金时,都可以有效地提高电池首次充放电效率和容量。
【比较例2】
负极的制备:取100份重量的国产石墨,加入8份没有包覆碳材料铝锂合金粉末,其余电池制备同比较例1。
电池进行循环性能测试,测试方法为:充电方式为恒压充电,限制电流为1C(600mA),截止电流为25mA/cm2,终止电压为4.2V;放电方式为恒流放电,放电电流为1C(600mA),放电的截止电压为3V。循环500次。容量剩余率为放电容量与初次放电的百分比值。
【实施例3】
负极的制备:取100份重量的国产石墨,加入8份包覆碳材料锂铝合金粉末,平均粒径为30μm,其余电池制备同比较例1。进行循环测试,测试方法同比较例2。
测试结果如图1。
从图1可以看出,加入包覆碳材料的锂合金粉末之后将可以有效的改善电池的循环性能。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,具有核壳结构,所述的核为锂合金粉末颗粒,所述的壳为不定形结构的碳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,其中,具有核结构的锂合金粉末的平均粒径为5~40μm,具有壳结构的不定形碳层的平均厚度为50-1000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,其中,所述锂合金选自由Be,Mg,Ti,Zr,V,Nb,Cr,Cu和Al中至少之一金属与锂所组成的合金。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料,其中,锂金属在合金中所占重量百分比为10wt%~40wt%。
5.一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a)、将如权利要求1-4任一项所述的锂合金复合材料浸渍在浓度为3-10%的沥青的四氢呋喃溶液中,搅拌处理1-6个小时,然后将分离得到的产物,在保护气氛下进行烘干;
b)、将步骤a)中的烘干产物在保护气氛下,在500-1200℃的烧结炉中烧结4-10小时,获得包覆碳材料的含锂合金粉末。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料的制备方法,所述的保护气氛为氩气气氛保护。
7.一种锂二次电池的负极复合材料,由碳材料和如权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于锂二次电池负极材料的锂合金复合材料混合构成,其中,锂合金复合材料的含量占负极复合材料总重量的0.5wt%~20wt%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种锂二次电池的负极复合材料,所述碳材料选自非石墨化炭、石墨、热解炭、焦炭、有机高分子烧结物、活性炭中的至少一种。
9.一种锂二次电池的负极结构体,包括:如权利要求7或8所述的负极复合材料,和集电体,所述的负极复合材料涂覆于该集电体上。
10.一种锂二次电池,包括正极、负极和非水电解液,其特征在于,所述的负极采用如权利要求9所述的负极结构体。
11.如权利要求10所述的一种锂二次电池,其中,所述的正极由含有能嵌入及脱出锂离子的正极活性物质涂敷在集电体表面而形成。
12.如权利要求11所述的一种锂二次电池,其中,所述的正极活性物质选自由TiS2、MoS2、V2O5和锂复合氧化物LiMxO2所组成的组中的至少一种,其中M为选自Co、Ni、Mn、Fe、Al、V和Ti之中的至少一种,x范围在0.05至1.10之间。
13.如权利要求10所述的一种锂二次电池,其中,所述的非水电解液选自含有LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCH3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiAlCl4、LiSiF6、LiB(C6H5)4、LiCl和LiBr电解质中至少之一的非水电解液。
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US11/137,900 US7524586B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-05-25 | Materials for negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries |
JP2007501100A JP2007526603A (ja) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-16 | リチウムイオン電池用負極物質 |
EP05781756A EP1782492A4 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-16 | MATERIALS FOR NEGATIVE ELECTRODES OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES |
KR1020067014647A KR100875565B1 (ko) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-16 | 리튬이온 배터리의 음극용 물질 |
PCT/CN2005/001275 WO2006017986A1 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-16 | Materials for negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries |
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WO2009014399A2 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrode active material having core-shell structure |
US20090317719A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Material With Core-Shell Structure |
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CN114497506A (zh) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-13 | 辽宁中宏能源新材料股份有限公司 | 一种硬碳-无机锂盐复合电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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