CN100354505C - 防止发动机废气污染的可清洗设备 - Google Patents

防止发动机废气污染的可清洗设备 Download PDF

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CN100354505C
CN100354505C CNB038133350A CN03813335A CN100354505C CN 100354505 C CN100354505 C CN 100354505C CN B038133350 A CNB038133350 A CN B038133350A CN 03813335 A CN03813335 A CN 03813335A CN 100354505 C CN100354505 C CN 100354505C
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CN1659367A (zh
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雅克·埃登斯
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Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/1855—Mechanical joints the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1888—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells
    • F01N13/1894—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells the parts being assembled in longitudinal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/06—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/20—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/10—Residue burned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及防止热力发动机废气污染的设备，所述设备包括界定着废气流通通道的壳体(23)与安装在上述通道中的微粒过滤器(20)。壳体(23)包括沿着其整个周边长度的横向隔断件(34)，所述隔断件(34)把壳体(23)划分为连续的第一与第二分段(38、40)。第一与第二连续分段(38、40)包括彼此接合的末端，第一分段(38)的一个外末端沿着流通通道的长度部分与第二分段(40)的一个内末端相重叠。第一分段(38)的外末端包括沿着其周边的至少一个薄弱区(50)，此薄弱区可使所述第一分段(38)外末端的剖面变动。本发明可应用于汽车。

Description

防止发动机废气污染的可清洗设备
技术领域
本发明涉及防止发动机废气污染的可清洗设备，此种类型的设备包括为废气流通通道界定的壳体与安装在所述通道中的微粒过滤器(particle filter)，所述壳体包括沿着其整个周边长度的横向隔断件(break)，此隔断件把壳体划分为连续的第一与第二分段(segment)，第一与第二连续分段包括彼此接合的末端，第一分段的一个外末端沿着流通通道的长度部分与第二分段的一个内末端相重叠。
背景技术
此种类型的设备尤其用于防止汽车柴油机造成污染。
此种设备通常包括催化净化构件和微粒过滤器，它们布置在单个壳体中。
催化净化构件适合于处理气相污染发散物，而微粒过滤器则适合于留持发动机所发散的灰粒。
微粒过滤器按照过滤阶段与再生阶段的顺序而操作。在过滤阶段，发动机所散发的灰粒被沉淀在过滤器上游表面上。在再生阶段，实际上由碳构成的灰粒在过滤器上游表面上被烧掉，以便使其原本属性恢复。
为了促进过滤器的再生，就必须把可降低煤烟燃烧温度的化学剂混合在送给发动机的燃料中。这种化学剂就是催化添加剂，其包含形式为有机金属化合物的一种或多种金属化合物。所述化合物在发动机的燃烧室中随后会燃烧，并以灰粒内的氧化物形式沉淀在过滤器的上游表面上。
在微粒过滤器的再生阶段，通常被称为灰烬的金属氧化物残留物，被留持在微粒过滤器的上游表面上。因此，如果在延长时期使用防污染设备，灰烬的积攒就会大大降低微粒过滤器的性能，且尤其是降低其再生能力。在防污染设备安装在柴油发动机汽车上的情况下，一旦该汽车行驶了5万公里以上，微粒过滤器的性能就会明显降低。
专利申请FR-2.787.137号公开了一种用于防止废气污染的设备，其中，靠近微粒过滤器上游表面的装置包括壳体中的隔断件，此隔断件与用于把壳体两个连续分段相连接的可拆卸装置合作。
壳体的两个连续分段配设了连接凸缘。捆带条(strapping)包围着该两个凸缘，并在轴向上把凸缘紧固而使其彼此抵靠。
有凸缘和捆带条在场，就意味着防污染设备的外壳体在径向上相对较大，这样，就难以把该设备安装在汽车上。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种更为紧凑的防污染设备。
为了达到这个目的，按照本发明提供一种防止热力发动机废气污染的设备，所述设备包括界定着废气流通通道的壳体与安装在上述通道中的微粒过滤器，所述壳体包括沿着其整个周边的横向隔断件，此隔断件把壳体划分为连续的第一与第二分段，第一与第二连续分段包括彼此接合的末端，第一分段的一个外末端沿着流通通道的长度部分与第二分段的一个内末端相重叠，其特征在于：第一分段的外末端包括沿着其周边的至少一个薄弱区，此薄弱区可使所述第一分段外末端的横剖面变动，所述设备包括沿着第一分段周边分布的多个薄弱区，该薄弱区之间限定着处于第二分段内末端上的支承舌状体。
根据一个特定实施例，防污染设备包括一个或多个下列特征：
-所述舌状体或每个舌状体包括配置在其自由端上的发散边缘(divergent edge)，该边缘从第二分段逐渐向其自由端移动；
-所述舌状体或每个舌状体包括朝向第二分段突出的凸台(boss)，该凸台停靠在第二分段的内末端上；
-第一及第二分段的末端包括互补的突出轮廓构件及凹陷轮廓构件(protruding and hollow profile member)，这些构件用于在轴向上保持第一及第二分段；
-该设备包括在第一及第二分段重叠区域中包围着所述分段的捆带条；
-该设备包括一个O形环，该环插入第一及第二分段的内末端与外末端之间；
-从流入流通通道正常方向来看的上游分段的末端，延伸进入从流入流通通道正常方向来看的下游分段的末端中；
-该设备包括催化净化构件，上述横向隔断件就配置在微粒过滤器与催化净化构件之间；
-外壳体包括一个分支，其与上述流通通道在微粒过滤器上游相结合。
本发明还涉及使上述设备的第一与第二分段相分离的方法，其特征在于：它包括一个步骤，此步骤牵涉到把受压而穿过上述分支的流体注入上述流通通道中，以便顺着相反方向推进第一及第二分段。
附图说明
阅读下列仅以举例方式并参照附图所做的说明，将有利于更好地理解本发明，在这些附图中：
图1的正视图，显示符合本发明的防止废气污染的设备；
图2是沿着线段II-II截取绘制的纵向剖视图，显示图1所示防污染设备；
图3是图2中以III表示的一个细部视图；
图4是所述防污染设备的壳体一个分段的局部纵向剖视图；
图5是沿着图4中线段V-V截取绘制的凸台大尺度剖视图；
图6是所述防污染设备的壳体另一个分段的局部纵向剖视图；
图7是符合本发明的防污染设备一个变体的局部纵向剖视图；
图8是图7中以VIII表示的放大局部视图。
具体实施方式
图1与2所示防污染设备10包括排气管12，该排气管通常为筒形的，并在其一个末端上具有至少一个入口14，在另外那个末端上具有出口16。由自由转换空间22所分开的催化净化构件18与过滤器20，被顺着从入口到出口的顺序布置在排气管12中。
排气管12包括界定着废气流通通道的外壳体23，催化净化构件18与微粒过滤器20就是穿过该通道而布置的。
催化净化构件18例如包括可透气构造，该构造被促进燃烧气体氧化和/或减少一氧化氮的催化金属所覆盖。
微粒过滤器20由过滤材料所制，该材料包括单片陶瓷(monolithicceramic)或碳化硅构造，所述构造有充足的细孔以便让废气流通。然而，如其本质上为人所知那样，细孔的直径要被选择为对于微粒而言是足够细小的，且要把特定灰粒留持在过滤器上游表面上。微粒过滤器也可由陶瓷泡末、堇青石或碳化硅制成。它也可由筒式过滤器或烧结金属过滤器构成。
本发明所述设备所用微粒过滤器例如包括一批平行管道(channel)，这些管道被分为第一组即入口管道和第二组即出口管道。入口管道与出口管道被以交错方式布置。
入口管道敞开于微粒过滤器的上游部分中，在微粒过滤器的下游部分的区域中则关闭。
相反，出口管道在微粒过滤器的上游部分中关闭，而在其下游部分中则敞开。
在其共用部分上，外壳体23由剖面基本上大小一致的筒状壁24所构成。
在其入口末端处，排气管包括发散分段26，此分段使入口管28与筒状壁24相连接。相似地，在其后端，筒状壁24延伸为一个界定着出口16而通入出口管32的会聚分段(convergent segment)30。
在操作期间，废气首先穿过催化净化构件18，继而穿过微粒过滤器20而流通。
用于接近微粒过滤器20上游表面的装置，沿着壳体23的长度而配置。所述装置包括在壳体中沿着整个周边的横向隔断件34，以及用于把两个连续分段38、40相连接因此而被限定在筒状壁24中隔断件34整个侧边上的可拆卸装置36。
在所示实施例中，可拆卸连接装置36在催化净化构件18周围延伸。
壳体分段40的末端被装配在壳体分段38的对应末端中。
壳体分段38与40的末端因此就彼此重叠，从流入流通通道方向看去的上游分段40的末端，延伸在下游分段38的末端内。因此，就把上游分段40的末端当作内末端，而把下游分段38的末端当作外末端。
在共用部分中，两个分段38与40显出同样大小的剖面。
如图4所示，界定着分段38的管状壁具有末端分段42，该分段扩大为通常的筒形形状，其直径大于分段38共用部分的直径。这个扩大分段42形成前述分段的外末端，该末端适合于接纳互补分段的内末端。它以分段38的其余部分限定着内肩部(inner shoulder)46。
根据本发明，外末端包括至少一个沿着其周边的薄弱区，使这一末端的剖面可变化，且更为具体地说，可使这一末端向心变形。
如图2与图4所示，薄弱区包括切口(notch)50，该切口沿着该分段的轮廓均匀分布在该分段外末端上。这些切口通常沿着扩大分段42的母面(generatrices)延伸。这些切口界定着舌状体52。舌状体52仅被限定在扩大分段42上。
在每个舌状体自由端附近均外部变形而形成周边条带(strip)60，这些条带处于所有的舌状体上。此种条带60限定着凹陷轮廓构件，所述凹陷轮廓构件形成管道，该管道朝内敞开并适合于接纳配置在另外那个分段上的互补突出轮廓构件。
除了条带60之外，每个舌状体还具有抬高的边缘62，此边缘朝着舌状体自由端而发散。此边缘从分段的轴线逐渐向分段的末端而移动。
如图5所示，在每个舌状体中间部分配置了凸台64。此凸台64由于壁凸起而形成，使得该壁向内变形。凸台64朝着分段38的内部即朝向该分段的轴线而突出。
凸台64使接合着的分段38与40之间的接触面积减小。
分段38还带有分支70，其适合于接纳电热塞(heater plug)，该分支的活动部分被布置成面对着微粒过滤器上游表面。
接纳催化净化构件的互补分段40在图6中显示为被分隔的。它包括在剖面上大小一致并朝向自由端延伸的主要分段80，该主要分段借助于一个剖面尺寸小的分段82而装配在分段38中。这两个分段80、82由周边喉部(throat)84而彼此连接，以便如图3所示那样接纳O形环86。此喉部朝外敞开，它由于形成分段40的金属片向心变形所限定。
最后要说一点，主要分段80具有周边条带88，该条带朝外突出并适合于接纳每个切口的条带60所界定的管道。
在分段38上使肩部46与条带60分开的距离，等于使喉部84与条带88分开的距离。
凸台64应用于喉部84与条带88之间的那个分段40上。应用凸台64的那个分段40的表面是平滑的。在一个变体中，喉部84与条带88之间的分段40的表面为凹陷的，以便接纳凸台64，因此，通过把凸台装配在凹陷中，就使分段38及40有角度地定位，其结果就使所述分段的形状具有互补性。
另外，捆带条90在分段的重叠区域中包围着内分段与外分段。
捆带条90包括形成为敞开圈子的紧固带(tightening band)92，该紧固带的两个末端由牵引机构(traction mechanism)94而彼此连接，该牵引机构包括例如紧固螺杆94。此紧固螺杆把紧固带92的两个末端牵拉在一起。
捆带条90在径向上使舌状体变形，把舌状体压得抵靠着内分段的外表面。捆带条还包括O形环86，该环改善分段38与40之间的紧固效果。
每个舌状体与分段40内末端外表面之间的接触，沿着每个凸台64的顶点(peak)而发生，如图6所示那样。
有了此种类型的设备，就可理解，虽然微粒过滤器的上游表面在发动机既定操作时间之后会被灰烬弄脏，但该设备还是可以在汽车上起作用，以便清洗微粒过滤器。
为了达到这个目的，首先把设备10从汽车排气管线上完全拆卸下来。为了拆卸两个连续分段38、40，首先要把牵引机构64完全松开，使捆带条46可以退出。一旦捆带条已退出，就把一根用于在压力下传输空气的软管连接在每个分支70上，本来曾经在场的电热塞就被退出来。受压的空气，尤其是受到2巴至8巴之间压力的空气，被引入排气室中，处于微粒过滤器上游表面与催化净化构件下游表面所限定的空间中。
在此空间中增大压力，会导致两个分段形成的排气室可被拆卸，这是微粒过滤器与催化净化构件所引起的压力明显散失的结果。由该压力而产生的力大于使舌状体变形所需要的力，以便使互补的突出轮廓构件与凹陷轮廓构件脱开，而且所述之力也大于破除任何结合尤其是有可能以发生在各个舌状体与内末端外表面之间的侵蚀而引起的结合所需要的力。
当舌状体与内末端表面之间的结合过量时，每个舌状体的发散末端62就可使杠杆形成器具(lever-forming implement)例如螺丝刀容易介入每个舌状体与内末端之间。
沿着横向隔断件34打开壳体，就可便于接近微粒过滤器20的上游表面，这一表面正被转向催化净化构件18。
用于把空气或适当流体注入的喷嘴应用于微粒过滤器的下游。留持在过滤器上游表面的灰烬由于逆流流动而穿过微粒过滤器被排除。
当清洗了微粒过滤器的上游表面之后，就重新组装设备的两个分段。由于对促进导向的并与内分段结合的截短表面(truncated surface)加以限定，就可使发散边缘62让内分段插入各个舌状体之间。然后，把捆带条90放回本来位置上。于是，所述设备就被重新组装在汽车的排气管线上。
图7与图8显示防污染设备的变体。如同上述例子一样，此设备包括具有入口114与出口116的排气管112，在入口与出口之间布置了催化净化构件118与微粒过滤器120。
排气管112形成壳体123。所述壳体包括两个连续的分段138、140。催化净化构件118被接纳在分段138中，而微粒过滤器120则被分段140所接纳。
分段140被装配在壳体分段138的对应末端中。
为了达到这个目的，壳体分段138具有扩大的末端分段142，此末端分段的直径大于分段138共用部分的直径，在后一分段中接纳了催化净化构件118。扩大分段适合于接纳壳体分段140的末端。在扩大分段142与分段138的共用部分之间限定着肩部146。
在其自由端处，分段140具有缩颈(constriction)147，该缩颈限定着相反于肩部146而延伸的肩部148。在两个肩部之间布置了O形环149。
根据本发明，扩大分段142的自由端具有薄弱区，该薄弱区可让这一末端的剖面变动，更具体地说，可让这一末端向心变形。
薄弱区包括沿着该分段的轮廓均匀分布在该分段外末端上的切口150，这些切口界定着舌状体152。
分段140的剖面大小通常是一致的。在分段的周边上，当两个分段被装配时就与舌状体152相符合，分段包括周边条带，该条带包括被焊接在分段140的壁上的金属凸缘(collar)154。
所述凸缘的剖面中包括通常为筒状的并由筒状支承区158延展的连接区156，所述筒状支承区布置成与分段140的壁有一段距离。支承区158由通常被截短的留持前部(retaining front)160而连接着连接区156。
在其自由端上，支承区158具有折叠边缘162，该边缘指向壁140并与该壁保持一段距离。因此，通常为筒状的支承区158就仅有一个侧部连接着分段140，并沿着该壁以悬垂方式延伸。
在壁140与支承区158之间界定着间隔(interval)164。
形成条带的凸缘154由焊缝(a weld)166连接着分段140的壁，该焊缝处于连接区156的末端上。该焊缝处于与两个分段138、140的装配一侧相反的那一侧上。
如图8所示，舌状体152在径向上朝外变形，并由界定着肩部的截短部分170与扩大分段142相连接，该截短部分支承着接纳于此截短分段与折叠边缘162之间的复曲面密封件(toroidal seal)172。
在每个舌状体自由端上，均包括一个朝内指向的缩颈174，该缩颈界定着倾斜表面176，该倾斜表面适合于停靠在截短留持前部160上。此倾斜表面由抬高的边缘178所延展。这些区域176、178之间界定着通常为V形的回转管道(revolution channel)。
为了支撑两个已组装的分段，所述设备包括捆带条190，该捆带条包括紧固带192和用于牵拉紧固带的装置(未显示)。紧固带具有处于舌状体152主表面上的主平面支承区194。在紧固带192的横向边缘上，具有周边缩颈196，此缩颈有适当形状，以便与每个舌状体的缩颈174相配合。更具体地说，缩颈196通常具有V形剖面，这一剖面适合应用于舌状体的区域176与178，并因此而适合于把舌状体的紧缩末端支承在条带154的截短表面160上。当舌状体配合在周边条带上时，舌状体的主表面被支承在凸缘152的弹性支承表面158上。
要明白，在本实施例中，有条带154在场而配置形成前部160以便留持舌状体的截短末端，该条带与捆带条的紧固带相结合而确保舌状体的缩颈保持在前部160之后，这样就确保设备组件的性能令人满意。另外，有密封件172插入被截短区域176所限定的肩部与条带154之间，就确保紧固性令人满意。
由于支承区域158以悬垂方式延伸于界定着分段140的壁上方，所述壁就提供了弹性，此弹性确保捆带条190的保持力令人满意。

Claims (14)

1.防止热力发动机废气污染的设备，所述设备包括界定着废气流通通道的壳体(23；123)与安装在上述通道中的微粒过滤器(20；120)，所述壳体(23；123)包括沿着其整个周边的横向隔断件(34)，此隔断件把壳体(23；123)划分为连续的第一与第二分段(38、40；138、140)，第一与第二连续分段(38、40；138、140)包括彼此接合的末端，第一分段(38；138)的一个外末端沿着流通通道的长度部分与第二分段(40；140)的一个内末端相重叠，其特征在于：第一分段(38；138)的外末端包括沿着其周边的至少一个薄弱区(52；152)，此薄弱区可使所述第一分段(38；138)外末端的横剖面变动，所述设备包括沿着第一分段(38；138)周边分布的多个薄弱区，该薄弱区之间限定着处于第二分段(40；140)内末端上的支承舌状体(52；152)。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：所述舌状体或每个舌状体(52；152)包括配置在其自由端上的发散边缘(62；178)，该边缘(62；178)从第二分段(40；140)逐渐向其自由端移动。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于：所述舌状体或每个舌状体(52)包括朝向第二分段(40)突出的凸台(64)，该凸台(64)停靠在第二分段(40)的内末端上。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：第一及第二分段(38、40)的末端包括互补的突出轮廓构件及凹陷轮廓构件(60、88)，这些构件用于在轴向上保持第一及第二分段(38、40)。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：它包括在第一及第二分段(38、40；138、140)重叠区域中包围着所述分段的捆带条(90；190)。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于：它包括一个O形环(86；149)，该环插入第一及第二分段(38、40；138、140)的内末端与外末端之间。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：从流入流通通道正常方向来看的上游分段(40)的末端，延伸进入从流入流通通道正常方向来看的下游分段(38)的末端中。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：它包括催化净化构件(18；118)，上述横向隔断件(34)就配置在微粒过滤器(20；120)与催化净化构件(18；118)之间。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于：外壳体(23)包括一个分支(70)，所述分支在微粒过滤器上游的上述流通通道中敞开。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于：第二分段(140)包括附带的凸缘(154)，该凸缘形成周边条带，上述舌状体(152)就停靠在该条带上。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于：上述凸缘(154)具有支承区(158)，该支承区仅以一个侧部连接着界定着第二分段(140)的壁，该支承区(158)以悬垂方式沿着界定着第二分段(140)的壁而延伸。
12.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于：每个舌状体(152)具有缩颈(174)，该缩颈被支承在由外凸缘(154)所形成的周边条带之后。
13.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于：每个舌状体(152)具有缩颈(174)，该缩颈被支承在由外凸缘(154)所形成的周边条带之后，捆带条(190)包括一个部分，该部分适合与每个处于外凸缘(154)所形成的周边条带之后的每个舌状体(152)的上述缩颈(174)相配合。
14.使符合权利要求9的设备的第一与第二分段(38、40)相分离的方法，其特征在于：它包括一个步骤，该步骤牵涉到把受压而穿过上述分支(70)的流体注入上述流通通道中，以便顺着相反方向推进第一及第二分段。
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ZA200408848B (en) 2006-07-26
US7470301B2 (en) 2008-12-30
KR100871482B1 (ko) 2008-12-05
US20060010861A1 (en) 2006-01-19
AU2003255564A1 (en) 2003-11-11
WO2003095806A2 (fr) 2003-11-20
WO2003095806A3 (fr) 2004-04-08
JP2005524798A (ja) 2005-08-18
EP1502014A2 (fr) 2005-02-02
FR2839533B1 (fr) 2004-11-19
AU2003255564A8 (en) 2003-11-11
DE60304339D1 (de) 2006-05-18
CN1659367A (zh) 2005-08-24
EP1502014B1 (fr) 2006-03-29
DE60304339T2 (de) 2006-12-07
ATE321936T1 (de) 2006-04-15
KR20050010783A (ko) 2005-01-28

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