CN100335312C - 车辆的控制器 - Google Patents

车辆的控制器 Download PDF

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CN100335312C
CN100335312C CNB03809701XA CN03809701A CN100335312C CN 100335312 C CN100335312 C CN 100335312C CN B03809701X A CNB03809701X A CN B03809701XA CN 03809701 A CN03809701 A CN 03809701A CN 100335312 C CN100335312 C CN 100335312C
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R·亨纳
A·亨纳
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/027—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems between relatively movable parts of the vehicle, e.g. between steering wheel and column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/005—Electro-mechanical devices, e.g. switched
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/04—Arrangement of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/017—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to safety arrangements or their actuating means, e.g. to pyrotechnic fuses or electro-mechanic valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/0104—Communication circuits for data transmission
    • B60R2021/01081—Transmission medium
    • B60R2021/01088—Transmission medium wireless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/0104—Communication circuits for data transmission
    • B60R2021/01081—Transmission medium
    • B60R2021/01095—Transmission medium optical

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Abstract

本文提出一种车辆控制器，其中，供电通过一个提供电流隔断功能的变换器来进行。此外，通过这种电流隔断功能被断开的部件与一个同样也提供电流隔断功能的耦合元件相连，以便与外部部件及控制器里的未被隔断电流的部件连接进行数据交换。

Description

车辆的控制器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆控制器。
背景技术
在目前常用的安全气囊控制器中，控制器供电系统的接地连接或是通过单独的接地线或是通过线路板接地点与金属控制器外壳的导电连接来产生，该控制器外壳导电地与车辆外壳连接。在这两种方法中必需要有尽可能低的电阻连接，以避免线路板接地点相对车辆外壳接地点有不同的电位。同时，特别必须注意单独的接地线电阻或金属控制器外壳至车辆外壳的传输电阻。
如果不存在故障，即没有负末级至车辆外壳的短路，没有正末级至车辆外壳的短路，或者至车辆外壳的连接中断了，就产生以下的接通过程：
当合上点火开关时，安全气囊控制器的接通电流通过馈电线电阻和线路板上的串联电阻的串联保险丝来限定，以便限制充电电流以及限制单独接地线的或金属控制器外壳至车辆外壳的传输电阻。充电电流流至一个通常为220-470，的电解电容器，这对供电电压的滤波是必需的。此外，设有一个二极管作为防极性变换二极管。根据电池电压和上述电阻的总电阻，接通电流为几十安培。该电流流过传输电阻或单独接地线的电阻并在这里引起电压降，从而可能造成线路板接地点相对车辆外壳的电位升高。这种电位升高在正常情况下是不重要的。
但如果点火回路控制系统的负末级与车辆外壳短路，则线路板接地点相对车辆外壳如上所述地就升为正值。由于负末级出现故障，点火器直接与车辆外壳相连。因而，车辆外壳就具有一个比线路板接地点更负的电位。当电位差足够大时，在点火回路-集成电路(IC)上的寄生二极管变得导通并有电流流过点火器。电流流过时间和电流大小有时大到足以造成无意的点火。
如果现在出现正末级至车辆外壳的短路，则点火器在与正末级连接时就与车辆外壳相连。这样，车辆外壳就有一个比线路板接地点更负的电位。当电位差足够大时，在点火回路控制系统的IC上的二极管变得导通并且有电流流过点火器。电流流过时间和电流大小在一定条件下大到足以造成无意的点火。
如果现在存在至车辆外壳的连接的中断，以及负末级至车辆外壳的短路或正末级至车辆外壳的短路，就产生以下情况：
接通电流可以不再流过至车辆外壳的连接线路，这是因为控制器没有接地。在这种情况下，它流过点火回路IC上的寄生二极管。此外，电流流过点火器。电流流过时间和电流大小无论如何大到足以造成无意点火。控制器在这种情况下导致通过点火器的接地连接。
发明内容
根据本发明提供了一种车辆的控制器，其具有带电流隔断功能的变换器用于给至少一个部件供电，具有电流隔断功能的至少一个耦合元件与该至少一个部件连接，该耦合元件用于数据传输，该至少一个部件配有接地接点，其中，该至少一个耦合元件(10)构造成光电耦合器的形式，并且该变换器包括有变压器用于电流隔断，在变压器的初级侧设有直流电压/交流电压变换器，而在变压器的次级侧设有整流器。
根据本发明的车辆控制器的优点是，通过使控制器的且尤其是安全气囊控制器的有关部件与车载电源断开，避免了象如点火回路控制系统的负末级至车辆外壳的短路故障或者正末级至车辆外壳的短路这样的故障可能造成防前冲回拉装置的意外触发。这取决于：在这样的故障中，在本发明控制器里可能没有偶然的电流流过触发件，确切地说是点火器。
特别有利的是，控制器里的线路板接地和车辆外壳接地之间的电阻值不是重要的，这对具有铝车架的车辆来说尤其重要，因为它们受结构型式限制而有较高的电阻值。此外，在这种材料的情况下，由于显著生成氧化层而难于在整个车辆使用寿命期间里保证很低的电阻连接，如果没有本发明，就需要这种低电阻连接。
此外，通过在接受电流隔断供电电压的集成电路IC中的电流隔断，即使在车载电源电压较高时，例如在42V车载电源时，也能够保持成本低廉的40V产生过程。因此，不需要转换成电压较高的昂贵过程，这是因为车载电源与内部供电电压没有什么关系。在这里，尤其对点火集成电路(IC)来说，即对点火回路控制系统的集成电路来说，可以省去末级晶体管处的面积，因为这些面积不必再针对高车载电源电压是抗短路的。还有利的是，通过电流隔断，在正末级至车辆外壳发生短路时能使点火器在正常触发下点火，因为在正末级处的电压不再短路了。
通过如下所述的一些措施和改进方案，能有利地改进如上所述的车辆控制器。
特别有利的是，在用于对控制器供电的变换器里的电流隔断功能通过一个变压器来实现，在初级侧设有一个直流电压/交流电压变换器并在次级侧设有一个整流器。在车辆里，通过电池来提供直流电，因此需要直流电压/交流电压变换器是为了使电能通过变压器进行传输。由于布置在次级侧的控制器部件需要直流电压，因此，在次级侧设有整流器。直流电压/交流电压变换器可被设计成振荡器或斩波器的形式。
还有利的是，用于从外围设备部件至控制器电子装置或点火回路控制系统进行数据传输的耦合元件被设计成光电耦合器，以便也在这里保证数据传输时的电流隔断。
还有利的是，变换器与至少一个蓄电器且最好是电容器连接，当供电系统即电池断开时，电容器继续驱使变换器工作，就是说，工作一定时间。这保证了尤其在发生事故时安全气囊控制器能短暂工作。
作为通过电流隔断来保护的控制器中的部件，可以设置总的控制器电子装置，尤其是处理器，或者也可以只设点火回路控制系统。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出了并且在以下的说明中将详细叙述。图1表示本发明的第一实施例，图2表示本发明的第二实施例，图3表示了变换器的控制框图。
具体实施方式
本发明建议一种控制器，它在出现这些故障时不造成点火器的意外点火。尤其是通过电流隔断就不可能产生可能导致点火器的无意点火的电流。
电流隔断是必需的，以便将控制器供电系统与车载电源隔断开。这最好通过在直流电压变换器里的变压器完成。对此，在初级侧则需要有交流电压发生器并在次级侧有一个整流器。此外，外围设备的如诊断线路或安全带锁开关或传感器的与车载电源接地有关的信号都必须通过所谓的耦合元件被接到控制器的电流隔断部件上。作为这样的耦合元件，最好采用光电耦合器。这些耦合元件既可以分立地构成，也可以集成在控制器的相应的集成电路(IC)里。
图1表示本发明装置的第一线路框图。点火开关分隔开一个车辆电池2，电池的另一头接地，即接在车辆外壳、车架3上。在另一侧，点火开关1与一个变换器5连接，该变换器位于控制器4里。变换器5在一侧与车辆外壳3连接并在另一侧与一个内部接地点7连接。变换器5本身具有电流隔断功能，因此，车辆外壳3按直流来说与内部接地点7分隔开。变换器5给控制器电子装置6提供电压8。控制器电子装置6促使与同样位于控制器4里的耦合元件10的数据交换。本身也有电流隔断功能的耦合元件10由于在这里最好应用光电耦合器，因而在另一侧通过数据输入/输出端12与一个外围设备11连接。外围设备11与车辆外壳3相连。所谓的外围设备是指传感器和/或诊断线路和/或安全带锁开关。
变换器5在此是直流电压变换器。直流电压变换器具有如图3所示的配置。在那里，首先设有一个直流电压/交流电压变换器20，它连接在变压器21上。在变压器21的次级设有整流器22。直流电压/交流电压变换器20在此可作成振荡器形式或例如也可以成斩波器形式。于是，产生了交流电压，它可以通过变压器21传输。整流器22将交流电压整成直流，以便于是能供给控制器电子装置6。整流器22尤其可以被设计成桥式整流器，在桥分支里接入二极管。但也可以采用更简单的或可供选的整流电路。
图2表示本发明的第二实施形式。与图1相同的部件用相同标记表示。点火开关1又与车辆电池2连接，电池2又与车辆外壳3连接。点火开关1在另一侧与控制器4连接并同时与具有电流隔断功能的变换器13和没有电流隔断功能的变换器18连接。变换器13的结构如图3所示。变换器13的另一侧与控制器4里的内部接地点15连接并通过线路14将电压加到点火回路-IC16上。点火回路IC16经过一个数据输入/输出端与耦合元件10连接，这些耦合元件实现了与控制器电子装置17的数据交换。控制器电子装置17从没有电流隔断功能的变换器18中得到供电，而控制器电子装置17又与车辆外壳3相连。此外，控制器电子装置通过线路19与外围设备11相连，外围设备本身又是与车辆外壳3相关的。
这个例子表明，通过借助变换器的按照本发明的电流隔断，也能够只分隔开控制器里的个别安全关键部件，而另一些部件仍然可以连接在车辆外壳上。
也可以隔断另一些同样在发生故障时会造成文章开头所述的糟糕后果的部件或者附加部件。但如上所述，电流隔断的优点在于，可以实现电压变换，这使得用于控制器部件的现有制造方法能继续使用。
变换器5或13可借助作为蓄电器的储能电容器而在电池断开即在供电中断的情况继续工作一段规定的自给自足时间。

Claims (8)

1.车辆的控制器，该控制器(4)具有一个带有电流隔断功能的变换器(5，13)用于给至少一个部件(6，16)供电，具有电流隔断功能的至少一个耦合元件(10)与所述至少一个部件(6，16)连接，该耦合元件(10)用于数据传输，所述至少一个部件(6，16)配置有一个接地接点(7，15)，其中，所述至少一个耦合元件(10)构造成光电耦合器的形式，并且该变换器(5，13)有一个变压器(21)用于电流隔断，在变压器的初级侧设有一个直流电压/交流电压变换器(20)并且在次级侧设有一个整流器(22)。
2.按权利要求1所述的控制器，其特征在于，该直流电压/交流电压变换器(20)是一个振荡器。
3.按权利要求1所述的控制器，其特征在于，该直流电压/交流电压变换器(20)是一个斩波器。
4.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的控制器，其特征在于，该变换器(5，13)与至少一个蓄电器连接，该蓄电器在供电(2)中断时驱动该变换器(5，13)工作。
5.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述至少一个部件(6，16)是防前冲回拉装置的点火回路控制系统。
6.按权利要求4所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述至少一个部件(6，16)是防前冲回拉装置的点火回路控制系统。
7.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述至少一个部件(6，16)是控制器电子装置。
8.按权利要求4所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述至少一个部件(6，16)是控制器电子装置。
CNB03809701XA 2002-08-01 2003-02-20 车辆的控制器 Expired - Fee Related CN100335312C (zh)

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US20060163946A1 (en) 2006-07-27
KR20050026069A (ko) 2005-03-14
JP4377329B2 (ja) 2009-12-02
DE10235162A1 (de) 2004-02-19
EP1526986B1 (de) 2008-04-23
DE50309699D1 (de) 2008-06-05
JP2005534572A (ja) 2005-11-17
CN1649756A (zh) 2005-08-03
KR100944588B1 (ko) 2010-02-25
EP1526986A1 (de) 2005-05-04
WO2004016472A1 (de) 2004-02-26

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