CA2727778A1 - Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings: a composite material - Google Patents
Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings: a composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2727778A1 CA2727778A1 CA 2727778 CA2727778A CA2727778A1 CA 2727778 A1 CA2727778 A1 CA 2727778A1 CA 2727778 CA2727778 CA 2727778 CA 2727778 A CA2727778 A CA 2727778A CA 2727778 A1 CA2727778 A1 CA 2727778A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- aerogel
- coating
- solvent
- composite coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 alkoxy silane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DWAWYEUJUWLESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl DWAWYEUJUWLESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GLISZRPOUBOZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCBr GLISZRPOUBOZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCl OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NILZGRNPRBIQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodopropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCI NILZGRNPRBIQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FPOSCXQHGOVVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](CCl)(OC)OC FPOSCXQHGOVVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IZRJPHXTEXTLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(2-triethoxysilylethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC IZRJPHXTEXTLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000321453 Paranthias colonus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/006—Anti-reflective coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
- C09D5/1637—Macromolecular compounds
- C09D5/165—Macromolecular compounds containing hydrolysable groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1681—Antifouling coatings characterised by surface structure, e.g. for roughness effect giving superhydrophobic coatings or Lotus effect
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0043—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by their foraminous structure; Characteristics of the foamed layer or of cellular layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/10—Physical properties porous
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/13—Physical properties anti-allergenic or anti-bacterial
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249971—Preformed hollow element-containing
- Y10T428/249972—Resin or rubber element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7714308P | 2008-06-30 | 2008-06-30 | |
| US61/077,143 | 2008-06-30 | ||
| PCT/US2009/049205 WO2010033288A2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings: a composite material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2727778A1 true CA2727778A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
Family
ID=42040069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2727778 Abandoned CA2727778A1 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings: a composite material |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US8663742B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2294147A2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2011526958A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20110042267A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102099428A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2009293609A1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2727778A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2010033288A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8663742B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2014-03-04 | Stc.Unm | Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings, a composite material |
| WO2010042668A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-15 | Ross Technology Corporation | Spill resistant surfaces having hydrophobic and oleophobic borders |
| MX2012010669A (es) | 2010-03-15 | 2013-02-07 | Ross Technology Corp | Destacadores y metodos para producir supreficies hidrofobas. |
| CN102453465B (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-09-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种粘附型超疏水材料及其制备方法 |
| MX2013009609A (es) | 2011-02-21 | 2013-09-16 | Ross Technology Corp | Revestimiento suoerhidrofobos y oleofobos con sistemas aglutinantes con bajo contenido de compuestos organicos volatiles. |
| US8509669B2 (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-08-13 | Xerox Corporation | Surface coating and fuser member |
| WO2013055433A2 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-04-18 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Coating of spheres and tubes with aerogels |
| EP2791255B1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2017-11-01 | Ross Technology Corporation | Composition and coating for superhydrophobic performance |
| US9273305B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2016-03-01 | Sandia Corporation | Cell-based composite materials with programmed structures and functions |
| CN104520392A (zh) | 2012-06-25 | 2015-04-15 | 罗斯科技公司 | 具有疏水和/或疏油性质的弹性体涂层 |
| US10446920B1 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2019-10-15 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Aerogel-based antennas for aerospace and terrestrial applications |
| KR101402353B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-02 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 초발수 및 발유 초발수 및 발유 성능을 갖는 유무기 복합입자 및 그 제조 방법. |
| CN103922351A (zh) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-16 | 成都首能新能源开发有限公司 | 二氧化硅气凝胶保温涂层的制备方法 |
| US9056987B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2015-06-16 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Super hydrophobic coating |
| US9587142B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2017-03-07 | Lotus Leaf Coatings, Inc. | Process for preparing an optically clear superhydrophobic coating solution |
| US10343131B1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2019-07-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | High temperature, hydrophobic, flexible aerogel composite and method of making same |
| CN103555081B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-01-27 | 三棵树涂料股份有限公司 | 超疏水复合水性罩面清漆及其制备方法 |
| KR102337661B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 유연한 투명 투습방지막, 투명 투습방지막용 잉크형 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 전자소자 |
| KR102228898B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-25 | 2021-03-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 냉장고 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US10633256B1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2020-04-28 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | High temperature, hydrophobic, flexible aerogel composite and method of making same |
| CN105985670A (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 国家电网公司 | 一种抑制覆冰的绝缘子 |
| GB201509082D0 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-07-08 | Landa Labs 2012 Ltd | Coating process |
| WO2017010551A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | 日立化成株式会社 | エアロゲル複合材料 |
| US10253190B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2019-04-09 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Transparent durable superhydrophobic ceramic coating |
| DE102016223619A1 (de) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schlichte zum Auftragen auf die poröse Oberfläche von Formen und/oder Kernen für den Metallguss |
| CN106916304A (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-07-04 | 财团法人纺织产业综合研究所 | 二氧化硅微粒、形成聚酰亚胺气凝胶的组成物、聚酰亚胺气凝胶及其制造方法、复合材料 |
| TWI599572B (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-09-21 | 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 | 含氨基的二氧化矽微粒、用以形成聚醯亞胺氣凝膠的組成物、聚醯亞胺氣凝膠及其製造方法、含有聚醯亞胺氣凝膠的複合材料 |
| CN107189610A (zh) * | 2016-01-16 | 2017-09-22 | 天津城建大学 | 生土保温防水涂料的制备方法 |
| WO2017204763A1 (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-30 | Ataturk Universitesi Bilimsel Arastirma Projeleri Birimi | Paint with thermal insulation characteristic |
| US10538632B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2020-01-21 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Shape-preserving polymeric replication of biological matter |
| US10626224B2 (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-04-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Method to produce transparent polymer aerogels using chain transfer agents |
| US20190115241A1 (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-18 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Hydrophobic electrostatic chuck |
| EP3697690B1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2021-12-22 | University of Houston System | Viscoelastic icephobic surfaces |
| US10870775B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2020-12-22 | Waymo Llc | Optically transparent superhydrophobic thin film |
| US10836855B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2020-11-17 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Method to produce colorless, high porosity, transparent polymer aerogels |
| JP7279720B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-08 | 2023-05-23 | 株式会社レゾナック | 着雪氷防止剤、着雪氷防止構造体、着雪氷防止構造体の製造方法 |
| US10995191B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-05-04 | Palo Alto Research Center Incoporated | High optical transparency polymer aerogels using low refractive index monomers |
| US11614409B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2023-03-28 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Printed sensor with vibrant colorimetric particles |
| CN110054915A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-26 | 中山科邦化工材料技术有限公司 | 一种超疏水玻璃防雨剂气溶胶组合物及其制备方法 |
| KR102204059B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-01-19 | 주식회사 케이엔더블유 | 반사방지 코팅 조성물 및 이를 이용한 반사방지 코팅 필름 |
| CN112302838B (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2022-04-01 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Egr废气再循环系统及汽车 |
| CA3155889A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-15 | Aerogel Technologies, LLC. | HYDROPHOBIC POLYIMIDE AEROGELS |
| KR102403765B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-05-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 에어로겔 나노 복합체가 코팅된 초발수성 코팅막의 제조방법 |
| US11155490B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-26 | Waymo Llc | Superomniphobic thin film |
| US11603329B2 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2023-03-14 | Waymo Llc | Methods for preparing a superomniphobic coating |
| CN113354992A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-07 | 杭州和韵科技有限公司 | 一种气凝胶保温隔热水性涂料及其制备方法和应用 |
| TWI864435B (zh) * | 2021-09-06 | 2024-12-01 | 台灣氣凝膠科技材料開發股份有限公司 | 低介電氣凝膠/高分子複合膜製備方法 |
| WO2024015009A1 (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-01-18 | Rise Research Institutes of Sweden AB | Self-heating coatings |
| CN116285554B (zh) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-09-29 | 华南农业大学 | 一种耐冲击的透明超疏水涂层的制备方法 |
| ES3037626A1 (es) * | 2024-04-03 | 2025-10-03 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Materiales polimericos antibiofouling para la construccion de fotobiorreactores |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA823554B (en) | 1981-06-19 | 1983-03-30 | Dow Corning Ltd | Siloxane compositions and process for treatment of materials |
| JPS59170157A (ja) | 1983-03-18 | 1984-09-26 | Toray Silicone Co Ltd | プライマ−組成物 |
| US4567221A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1986-01-28 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Water resistant compositions |
| EP1093486B1 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 2004-08-04 | Cabot Corporation | Nanoporöse interpenetrierende organisch-anorganische netzwerke |
| JP4947855B2 (ja) | 2001-07-31 | 2012-06-06 | 東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社 | 皮膜形成性シリコーン樹脂組成物 |
| US7732496B1 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2010-06-08 | Ohio Aerospace Institute | Highly porous and mechanically strong ceramic oxide aerogels |
| EP1717278A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | Nuplex Resins B.V. | Coated particles and coating compositions comprising coated particles |
| JP4953426B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-09 | 2012-06-13 | ペンタックスリコーイメージング株式会社 | シリカエアロゲル膜の製造方法 |
| US8029871B2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2011-10-04 | Hoya Corporation | Method for producing silica aerogel coating |
| US20060292345A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Dave Bakul C | Micropatterned superhydrophobic silica based sol-gel surfaces |
| WO2007011988A2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-01-25 | Aspen Aerogels, Inc. | Aerogel composites with complex geometries |
| DE102005034350A1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Lacke enthaltend Partikel |
| BRPI0808993B1 (pt) * | 2007-03-16 | 2018-12-04 | Cabot Corp | método de fabricação de partículas de aerogel |
| EP2294152B1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-11-14 | Stc.Unm | A superhydrophobic aerogel that does not require per-fluoro compounds or contain any fluorine |
| US8663742B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2014-03-04 | Stc.Unm | Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings, a composite material |
-
2009
- 2009-06-30 US US13/121,150 patent/US8663742B2/en active Active
- 2009-06-30 JP JP2011516802A patent/JP2011526958A/ja active Pending
- 2009-06-30 CN CN2009801252844A patent/CN102099428A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-30 AU AU2009293609A patent/AU2009293609A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-06-30 KR KR1020107029366A patent/KR20110042267A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-30 EP EP20090814933 patent/EP2294147A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-30 WO PCT/US2009/049205 patent/WO2010033288A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-30 CA CA 2727778 patent/CA2727778A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-01-17 US US14/157,918 patent/US9249333B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-28 US US14/981,400 patent/US10837139B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20110042267A (ko) | 2011-04-26 |
| AU2009293609A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
| CN102099428A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| US10837139B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
| US20140134907A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
| JP2011526958A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
| EP2294147A2 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| US9249333B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
| US20160130449A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| WO2010033288A2 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
| US20110206925A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| WO2010033288A3 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
| US8663742B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8663742B2 (en) | Durable polymer-aerogel based superhydrophobic coatings, a composite material | |
| JP2011526958A5 (enExample) | ||
| US9040435B2 (en) | Superhydrophobic aerogel that does not require per-fluoro compounds or contain any fluorine | |
| EP2130878B1 (en) | Double layer coating, its preparation and its use for rendering ultra water-repellent and antireflective the surfaces to which it is applied | |
| WO2004090065A1 (en) | Durable superhydrophobic coating | |
| CN101544838B (zh) | 一种超疏水纳米SiO2/高聚物复合膜及其制备方法 | |
| JP2011526835A5 (enExample) | ||
| CN105102558A (zh) | 超疏水涂层 | |
| GB2139115A (en) | Article comprising silicone resin coated, methacrylate-primed substrate | |
| CN108473811A (zh) | 包含官能化二氧化硅纳米粒子和多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的防雾涂料组合物 | |
| CN105017910B (zh) | 一种改性超疏水海洋防污涂料及其制备方法 | |
| WO2007052260A2 (en) | Use of poss nanostructured molecules for hydrophobic and self cleaning coatings | |
| WO2010127034A1 (en) | Ant-reflective and anti-soiling coatings with self-cleaning properties | |
| Yu et al. | Lubricant-grafted omniphobic surfaces with anti-biofouling and drag-reduction performances constructed by reactive organic–inorganic hybrid microspheres | |
| JPH10273617A (ja) | 撥水性コーティング膜 | |
| CN113527977A (zh) | 一种硅丙树脂涂料及其制备方法和应用 | |
| US10982112B2 (en) | Hydrophobic silicone coating | |
| WO2009118415A1 (en) | Coating compostiion, coating and an object coated with the coating composition | |
| CN113512160A (zh) | 一种有机-无机杂化粒子接枝润滑油制备防污表面的方法 | |
| Papadopoulos et al. | A versatile approach towards development of easy-to-clean transparent nanocoating systems with pronounced anti-static properties for various substrates. | |
| US20070060693A1 (en) | Paint composition and method for manufacturing the same | |
| Barashkov et al. | Water resistant fluorine-free technologies for synthetic fabrics | |
| JP2020037627A (ja) | 2液型の親水性被膜形成用組成物 | |
| JP2025100425A (ja) | 親水防汚処理剤 | |
| JP2004351650A (ja) | 樹脂成形体 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20150630 |