CA2318112C - Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products - Google Patents
Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2318112C CA2318112C CA002318112A CA2318112A CA2318112C CA 2318112 C CA2318112 C CA 2318112C CA 002318112 A CA002318112 A CA 002318112A CA 2318112 A CA2318112 A CA 2318112A CA 2318112 C CA2318112 C CA 2318112C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- weight
- water
- atomised
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000002908 manganese Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016768 molybdenum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nzckel Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9800154A SE9800154D0 (sv) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products |
| SE9800154-8 | 1998-01-21 | ||
| PCT/SE1999/000092 WO1999037424A1 (en) | 1998-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2318112A1 CA2318112A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| CA2318112C true CA2318112C (en) | 2008-12-30 |
Family
ID=20409929
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002318112A Expired - Lifetime CA2318112C (en) | 1998-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Steel powder for the preparation of sintered products |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6348080B1 (pl) |
| EP (1) | EP1049552B1 (pl) |
| JP (2) | JP4909460B2 (pl) |
| KR (1) | KR100601498B1 (pl) |
| CN (1) | CN1116944C (pl) |
| AT (1) | ATE256520T1 (pl) |
| AU (1) | AU738667B2 (pl) |
| BR (1) | BR9907190A (pl) |
| CA (1) | CA2318112C (pl) |
| DE (1) | DE69913650T2 (pl) |
| ES (1) | ES2212523T3 (pl) |
| PL (1) | PL189271B1 (pl) |
| RU (1) | RU2216433C2 (pl) |
| SE (1) | SE9800154D0 (pl) |
| TW (1) | TW450855B (pl) |
| WO (1) | WO1999037424A1 (pl) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6261514B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-07-17 | Höganäs Ab | Method of preparing sintered products having high tensile strength and high impact strength |
| US6514307B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-02-04 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Iron-based sintered powder metal body, manufacturing method thereof and manufacturing method of iron-based sintered component with high strength and high density |
| SE0201824D0 (sv) * | 2002-06-14 | 2002-06-14 | Hoeganaes Ab | Pre-alloyed iron based powder |
| CN1410208B (zh) * | 2002-11-25 | 2011-01-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团粉末冶金有限公司 | 水雾化合金钢粉的制造方法 |
| US20060226729A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-10-12 | Du Hung T | Field assemblies and methods of making same with field coils having multiple coils |
| US7211920B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2007-05-01 | Black & Decker Inc. | Field assemblies having pole pieces with axial lengths less than an axial length of a back iron portion and methods of making same |
| US7146706B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2006-12-12 | Black & Decker Inc. | Method of making an electric motor |
| US7205696B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2007-04-17 | Black & Decker Inc. | Field assemblies having pole pieces with ends that decrease in width, and methods of making same |
| US20050189844A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-09-01 | Du Hung T. | Field assemblies having pole pieces with dovetail features for attaching to a back iron piece(s) and methods of making same |
| WO2006096708A2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Black & Decker Inc. | Power tools with motor having a multi-piece stator |
| US7078843B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-07-18 | Black & Decker Inc. | Field assemblies and methods of making same |
| SE0401535D0 (sv) * | 2004-06-14 | 2004-06-14 | Hoeganaes Ab | Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof |
| US20060002812A1 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2006-01-05 | Hoganas Ab | Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof |
| BRPI0813447A2 (pt) * | 2007-06-14 | 2014-12-23 | Hoeganaes Ab Publ | Pó à base de ferro e composição do mesmo. |
| CN101809180B (zh) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-04-03 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | 冶金粉末组合物及生产方法 |
| JP2011508090A (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2011-03-10 | ホガナス アクチボラグ （パブル） | 低合金鋼粉末 |
| BRPI0821850A2 (pt) | 2007-12-27 | 2017-06-06 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | pó de aço de baixa liga |
| RU2359056C1 (ru) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-06-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Износостойкий спеченный сплав на основе железа |
| PL2285996T3 (pl) * | 2008-06-06 | 2018-01-31 | Hoeganaes Ab Publ | Proszek stopowy na bazie żelaza |
| US9469890B2 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2016-10-18 | Hoganas Ab (Publ) | Iron vanadium powder alloy |
| TWI482865B (zh) | 2009-05-22 | 2015-05-01 | 胡格納斯股份有限公司 | 高強度低合金之燒結鋼 |
| RU2391434C1 (ru) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-06-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Износостойкий спеченный сплав на основе железа |
| KR20180072876A (ko) * | 2010-06-04 | 2018-06-29 | 회가내스 아베 (피유비엘) | 질화된 소결 강 |
| CN103537677A (zh) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-29 | 芜湖市鸿坤汽车零部件有限公司 | 一种含铬的粉末冶金合金及其制备方法 |
| US10465268B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2019-11-05 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | Pre-alloyed iron-based powder, an iron-based powder mixture containing the pre-alloyed iron-based powder and a method for making pressed and sintered components from the iron-based powder mixture |
| JP6417573B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-24 | 2018-11-07 | 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 | 焼結材料 |
| CN104858444B (zh) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-04-26 | 四川理工学院 | 一种低氧含锰水雾化钢粉的还原工艺 |
| KR102064146B1 (ko) | 2015-09-11 | 2020-01-08 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 소결 부재 원료용 합금강분의 제조 방법 |
| KR102074121B1 (ko) | 2015-09-24 | 2020-02-06 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 소결 부재 원료용 합금 강분의 제조 방법 |
| KR101869152B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-20 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 혼합 환원가스를 이용한 Fe-Cr계 합금 분말의 제조방법 |
| KR102288887B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-10 | 2021-08-12 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 철계분말의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조되는 철계분말 |
| CN108746647A (zh) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-06 | 北京金物科技发展有限公司 | 一种粉末高速钢的制备方法及粉末高速钢 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4382818A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1983-05-10 | Ford Motor Company | Method of making sintered powder alloy compacts |
| JPS58481B2 (ja) * | 1976-03-12 | 1983-01-06 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 低酸素鉄系金属粉末の製造方法および装置 |
| US4069044A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1978-01-17 | Stanislaw Mocarski | Method of producing a forged article from prealloyed-premixed water atomized ferrous alloy powder |
| JPS5810962B2 (ja) * | 1978-10-30 | 1983-02-28 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 圧縮性、成形性および熱処理特性に優れる合金鋼粉 |
| JPS5935602A (ja) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-02-27 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 低酸素低炭素合金鋼粉の製造方法 |
| JPS59173201A (ja) * | 1983-03-19 | 1984-10-01 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高圧縮性合金鋼粉の製造方法 |
| DE4030054C2 (de) * | 1990-09-20 | 1995-11-02 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduktionsglühen von Eisenpulver |
| JPH06306403A (ja) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高強度、高靱性Ｃｒ合金鋼粉焼結体およびその製造方法 |
| JP3258765B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-02 | 2002-02-18 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 高強度鉄系焼結体の製造方法 |
| RU2043868C1 (ru) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-09-20 | Тамара Ароновна Пумпянская | Способ получения спеченных изделий из диффузионно-легированных железных порошков |
| SE9602835D0 (sv) * | 1996-07-22 | 1996-07-22 | Hoeganaes Ab | Process for the preparation of an iron-based powder |
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 SE SE9800154A patent/SE9800154D0/xx unknown
- 1998-07-15 TW TW087111489A patent/TW450855B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 EP EP99904004A patent/EP1049552B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 ES ES99904004T patent/ES2212523T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 DE DE1999613650 patent/DE69913650T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 CN CN99802316A patent/CN1116944C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 AU AU24466/99A patent/AU738667B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-21 RU RU2000121966/02A patent/RU2216433C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-21 PL PL99341981A patent/PL189271B1/pl unknown
- 1999-01-21 CA CA002318112A patent/CA2318112C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 AT AT99904004T patent/ATE256520T1/de active
- 1999-01-21 JP JP2000528389A patent/JP4909460B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 WO PCT/SE1999/000092 patent/WO1999037424A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-21 BR BR9907190-8A patent/BR9907190A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-21 KR KR1020007007945A patent/KR100601498B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-07-18 US US09/618,939 patent/US6348080B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-02-15 JP JP2010029952A patent/JP2010159495A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2212523T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
| WO1999037424A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| PL341981A1 (en) | 2001-05-07 |
| CA2318112A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| JP2002501122A (ja) | 2002-01-15 |
| EP1049552A1 (en) | 2000-11-08 |
| US6348080B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| KR20010052151A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
| AU2446699A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
| AU738667B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
| SE9800154D0 (sv) | 1998-01-21 |
| JP2010159495A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
| RU2216433C2 (ru) | 2003-11-20 |
| KR100601498B1 (ko) | 2006-07-19 |
| ATE256520T1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
| BR9907190A (pt) | 2000-10-17 |
| DE69913650T2 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
| CN1288402A (zh) | 2001-03-21 |
| JP4909460B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
| CN1116944C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
| PL189271B1 (pl) | 2005-07-29 |
| TW450855B (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| EP1049552B1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
| DE69913650D1 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
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