BRPI0400211A - Processo e aparelho para fabricação de lonas de carcaça para pneu - Google Patents
Processo e aparelho para fabricação de lonas de carcaça para pneuInfo
- Publication number
- BRPI0400211A BRPI0400211A BR0400211-3A BRPI0400211A BRPI0400211A BR PI0400211 A BRPI0400211 A BR PI0400211A BR PI0400211 A BRPI0400211 A BR PI0400211A BR PI0400211 A BRPI0400211 A BR PI0400211A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- cord
- strand
- elastomeric layer
- strands
- path
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/08—Building tyres
- B29D30/10—Building tyres on round cores, i.e. the shape of the core is approximately identical with the shape of the completed tyre
- B29D30/16—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
- B29D30/1635—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application by feeding a continuous band and moving it back and forth (zig-zag) to form an annular element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/08—Building tyres
- B29D30/10—Building tyres on round cores, i.e. the shape of the core is approximately identical with the shape of the completed tyre
- B29D30/16—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
- B29D2030/1664—Details, accessories or auxiliary operations not provided for in the other subgroups of B29D30/00
- B29D2030/1678—Details, accessories or auxiliary operations not provided for in the other subgroups of B29D30/00 the layers being applied being substantially continuous, i.e. not being cut before the application step
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
"PROCESSO E APARELHO PARA FABRICAçãO DE LONAS DE CARCAçA PARA PNEU". Trata-se de um processo de fabricação de uma lona reforçada com cordão moldada toroidalmente anular para um pneu é descrito. O processo envolve aplicação de uma camada elastomérica em uma superfície toroidal e colocação e costura de um ou mais cordões em comprimentos contínuos na camada elastomérica em caminhos de cordões predeterminados. O processo inclui ainda a dispensação de um ou mais cordões de carretéis e guia do cordão em um caminho predeterminado, na medida em que o cordão está sendo dispensado. De preferência, cada cordão é retido na camada elastomérica, após o cordão ser colocado e costurado e depois indicação do caminho do cordão para um local circunferencial próximo, formando uma extremidade de laço por reversão da direção do cordão e liberação do cordão retido, após a extremidade do laço ser formada e a direção do caminho do cordão ser revertida. Este processo propicia que a etapa de formação de extremidades de laços ocorra em mais de um diâmetro na superfície toroidal. Em uma modalidade, a superfície toroidal tem uma primeira curvatura cóncava, um enchimento convexo e uma segunda curvatura cóncava, e a etapa de colocação e costura de cada cordão inclui o atravessamento do cordão por um caminho, incluindo pelo menos uma das primeira e segunda curvaturas cóncavas e pelo menos uma parte do enchimento convexo. Este processo é conduzido melhor por uso de um aparelho para a formação de uma lona reforçada com cordão moldada toroidalmente anular, que tem um mandril toroidal, um meio para dispensar um ou mais cordões, um meio para guiar os cordões dispensados ao longo de caminhos predeterminados, um meio para colocar uma camada elastomérica no mandril toroidal, um meio para costurar os cordões na camada elastomérica e um meio para reter os cordões enquanto as extremidades dos laços são formadas.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/365,374 US20040154727A1 (en) | 2003-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing carcass plies for a tire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BRPI0400211A true BRPI0400211A (pt) | 2004-12-28 |
BRPI0400211B1 BRPI0400211B1 (pt) | 2014-07-22 |
Family
ID=32681712
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0400211-3A BRPI0400211B1 (pt) | 2003-02-11 | 2004-02-02 | Processo de fabricação de lona reforçada com cordão moldada toroidalmente anular para um pneu |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040154727A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1447209B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP4746274B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BRPI0400211B1 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE602004012908T2 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003055667A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Methode de pose de fils de structure de renfort pour pneumatique |
US20040154727A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-12 | Weissert James Thomas | Method and apparatus for manufacturing carcass plies for a tire |
AU2003219375A1 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2004-11-04 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Tyre for vehicle wheels and method of manufacturing |
JP4776194B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-08 | 2011-09-21 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 帯状部材の貼付け装置および貼付け方法 |
FR2877873B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-02-09 | Michelin Soc Tech | Appareil de fabrication d'un renforcement pour pneumatique |
JP4540452B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-09-08 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 空気入りタイヤの製造装置及び製造方法 |
US7686053B2 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2010-03-30 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Cord tensioning and feed mechanism for a tire cord applicator head |
US20070125478A1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-07 | Weissert James T | Tire cord application station and method |
US20070125471A1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-07 | Weissert James T | Split cord geodesic configurations for a tire |
US20070125482A1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-07 | Weissert James T | Bi-directional tooling head and method for tire cord application |
US7753098B2 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2010-07-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Spring loaded tooling head and method for tire cord application |
US8578994B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2013-11-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Applicator head for tire cord construction |
US20090133797A1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
JP5155409B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-03-06 | ピレリ・タイヤ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 車両の車輪用タイヤを製造する方法および装置 |
US8845836B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2014-09-30 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Geodesic tire and method of manufacture |
US9421825B2 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2016-08-23 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Geodesic belted tire |
US20110146871A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Richard Frank Laske | Self-supporting pneumatic tire |
US8973635B2 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2015-03-10 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire with carcass cord strip wound in specified pattern |
US20120085477A1 (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-12 | Yves Donckels | Pneumatic tire with a woven or knitted reinforcement |
IT1403131B1 (it) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-10-04 | Pirelli | Processo ed apparato per realizzare una struttura di rinforzo di un pneumatico per ruote di veicoli. |
US9073278B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-07-07 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Geodesic pneumatic tire with braided carcass |
US10307980B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2019-06-04 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tire building applicator members and systems |
JP5970032B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-08-17 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | プライ材料の製造方法 |
EP3463838A4 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2020-01-29 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC | TIRE CONSTRUCTION MACHINE |
JP6708230B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-06-10 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤの製造方法および成形装置 |
Family Cites Families (81)
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US3002874A (en) * | 1955-02-01 | 1961-10-03 | Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp | Apparatus for the manufacture of pneumatic tyres |
NL95227C (pt) * | 1957-03-14 | Michelin & Cie | ||
GB900994A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1962-07-11 | Pirelli | Method of tracing the profile of a cam for use on a machine for forming on a collapsible drum annular bands suitable as reinforcements for the casing of vehicle wheel tyres |
US3183134A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1965-05-11 | Fairchild Hiller Corp | Tire building apparatus and method |
US3310093A (en) * | 1965-05-21 | 1967-03-21 | Nat Standard Co | Restrictive tread component for pneumatic tires |
US3422874A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1969-01-21 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Tire and method of making it by applying strip of rubber coated continuous tire cord of low extensibility to the carcass in flat form and simultaneously shaping and vulcanizing to final tire shape |
US3721599A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1973-03-20 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Method and apparatus for securing a continuous thread on a support surface |
US3802982A (en) * | 1970-01-06 | 1974-04-09 | Steelastic Co | Reinforced tire fabric and method and apparatus for making same |
US3776792A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1973-12-04 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Method for forming belted oval pneumatic tube-tires |
FR2132509B1 (pt) * | 1971-04-05 | 1974-03-08 | Kleber Colombes | |
US3748203A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1973-07-24 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Method and apparatus for positioning a plurality of continuous stripson a support surface |
US3956546A (en) * | 1971-07-08 | 1976-05-11 | Uniroyal Inc. | Zero degree belted tires, and high soft stretch belt-forming tapes therefor |
FR2224313B1 (pt) * | 1973-04-09 | 1976-05-21 | Michelin & Cie | |
FR2278509A1 (fr) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-02-13 | Kleber Colombes | Pneumatiques pour vehicules |
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US3998986A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-12-21 | Uniroyal Inc. | Conveyor belt of rubber reinforced with stitch-bonded web fabric |
US4279285A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1981-07-21 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Apparatus and method for forming a tube article on a core |
US4790898A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1988-12-13 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for fiber lamination |
FR2597784B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-25 | 1990-10-26 | Michelin & Cie | Procede et appareil de fabrication de renforcements pour pneumatiques |
FR2599297B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-02 | 1988-08-12 | Michelin & Cie | Procede et machine de fabrication d'un renforcement pour pneumatiques |
US5171394A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1992-12-15 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method and apparatus of manufacturing a tire by the laying of rubber products onto a firm support |
FR2603841B1 (fr) * | 1986-09-17 | 1989-02-24 | Michelin & Cie | Procede de fabrication d'un pneumatique avec pose des produits caoutchouteux et des elements de renforcement sur un support, dispositif de pose des produits caoutchouteux et machine qui utilise de tel(s) dispositif(s) |
US5221406A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1993-06-22 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Apparatus for manufacturing a tire by the laying of rubber products onto a rotating core |
US4838966A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1989-06-13 | The Armstrong Rubber Co. | Woven endless tire reinforcing belt and method for producing same |
US4830781A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-05-16 | The Armstrong Rubber Company | Tire body reinforcing component and apparatus and method for producing same |
JP2532913B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-30 | 1996-09-11 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ用補強部材の製造方法 |
DE4021450A1 (de) * | 1990-07-05 | 1992-01-09 | Uniroyal Englebert Gmbh | Fahrzeugluftreifen |
FR2677578A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-18 | Sedepro | Procede de fabrication d'un pneumatique et machines pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede. |
IT1250560B (it) * | 1991-12-30 | 1995-04-20 | Firestone Int Dev Spa | Metodo e dispositivo per la realizzazione di una carcassa toroidale per un pneumatico di veicolo stradale. |
IT1250561B (it) * | 1991-12-30 | 1995-04-20 | Firestone Int Dev Spa | Metodo per la realizzazione di una carcassa toroidale per un pneumatico di veicolo stradale e carcassa ottenuta con il metodo. |
ES2099324T3 (es) * | 1992-07-21 | 1997-05-16 | Sedepro | Procedimiento y maquina para la colocacion en un nucleo de un solo hilo de refuerzo en la fabricacion de una carcasa de neumatico. |
FR2694519A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-02-11 | Sedepro | Procédé de fabrication d'un pneumatique et machine de fabrication d'un renfort de sommet pour pneumatique. |
FR2804367B1 (fr) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-09-20 | Sedepro | Appareil a bras oscillant, pour la fabrication d'un renfort de pneumatique a partir d'un seul fil |
US5465773A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-11-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Pneumatic radial tires with zigzag belt and rubberized cord ply belt reinforcing layer |
US5885387A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1999-03-23 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Pneumatic tire having endless carcass cord ply |
FR2755904A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-22 | Michelin & Cie | Renforcement de carcasse pour pneumatique, realise a partir d'un fil unique |
EP0890428B1 (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2002-12-18 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method and device for producing a toroidal carcass for a road vehicle tire |
US6113833A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 2000-09-05 | Bridgestone Corporation | Segmented toroidal core for manufacturing pneumatic tires |
JP4131587B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-15 | 2008-08-13 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 空気入りタイヤおよびその成形方法 |
JP4315476B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-03 | 2009-08-19 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ補強層の形成方法および装置 |
GB9724053D0 (en) * | 1997-11-15 | 1998-01-14 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind | Improved pneumatic tyre constructuon and manufacturing method |
US6318432B1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2001-11-20 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Tire for vehicle wheels |
ATE241459T1 (de) * | 1997-11-28 | 2003-06-15 | Pirelli | Verfahren zur herstellung von luftreifen für fahrzeugräder |
DE69719771T2 (de) * | 1997-12-30 | 2003-12-11 | Pirelli | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Luftreifen für Fahrzeugräder |
JP3850968B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-07 | 2006-11-29 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ補強コード配設装置および方法 |
JP4233658B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-01 | 2009-03-04 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | カーカスコードの貼付け装置およびタイヤの製造方法 |
DE19831747A1 (de) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-20 | Continental Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Luftreifens |
US6409959B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2002-06-25 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Process for manufacturing, moulding and curing tires for vehicle wheels |
US6332999B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-12-25 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for moulding and curing tires for vehicle wheels |
US6941992B2 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2005-09-13 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Tire for a vehicle wheel and method of manufacturing the tire |
KR100718257B1 (ko) * | 1998-10-30 | 2007-05-16 | 피렐리 타이어 소시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 | 차량 타이어용 카커스 구조체의 제조방법 및 상기 방법에 의해 얻어지는 카커스 구조체 |
KR100724079B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-07 | 2007-06-04 | 피렐리 타이어 소시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 | 개량된 비드 구조물을 가진 차륜용 타이어 |
KR100675773B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-17 | 2007-02-01 | 피렐리 타이어 소시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 | 차륜용 타이어 부품 제작 방법 및 장치 |
RU2232075C2 (ru) * | 1998-12-23 | 2004-07-10 | Пирелли Пнеуматичи С.П.А. | Способ изготовления каркаса для шин и каркас, полученный этим способом |
GB9900378D0 (en) * | 1999-01-09 | 1999-02-24 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind | Stitching ply edges into bead region |
JP4358350B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-19 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ補強層の形成方法および装置 |
US7597837B2 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2009-10-06 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for moulding and curing tyres for vehicle wheels |
JP2001096638A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-10 | Bridgestone Corp | カーカスコードの貼付け装置およびタイヤの製造方法 |
JP4315548B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-19 | 2009-08-19 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤカーカスの形成装置および形成方法 |
BR0007722B1 (pt) * | 1999-11-26 | 2009-05-05 | método e aparelho para fabricação de uma estrutura de reforço para pneus de veìculos. | |
JP4616534B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-01 | 2011-01-19 | ピレリ・タイヤ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 異種タイヤの同時製造用プラント |
FR2804368A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-08-03 | Sedepro | Appareil pour la fabrication de renforts pour pneumatique |
JP4436520B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-28 | 2010-03-24 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 空気入りタイヤおよびそれの製造方法 |
AU2001279625A1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-03 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Plant for producing tyres of different types simultaneously |
US6814118B2 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2004-11-09 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Pneumatic tire with specified airtight layer on inner surface |
US6849146B2 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2005-02-01 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. | Carcass ply producing apparatus, carcass ply producing method and pneumatic tire |
ATE356712T1 (de) * | 2001-02-07 | 2007-04-15 | Michelin Soc Tech | Schwingarmvorrichtung zur herstellung einer reifenverstärkungsstruktur mit einem einzigen reifenkord |
EP1537985B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-07 | 2007-08-01 | Société de Technologie Michelin | Appareil à bras oscillant, pour la fabrication d'un renfort de pneumatique à partir d'un seul fil |
JP2002347134A (ja) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-04 | Bridgestone Corp | タイヤの製造方法およびカーカスコードの貼付け装置 |
JP2003127246A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-08 | Bridgestone Corp | タイヤの製造方法およびカーカスコードの貼付け装置 |
ATE347494T1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2006-12-15 | Michelin Soc Tech | Reifen mit einer inneren und äusseren schlaufen bildenden verstärkungsstruktur |
WO2003055667A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Methode de pose de fils de structure de renfort pour pneumatique |
WO2003089258A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-30 | Bridgestone Corporation | Pneumatique permettant le roulage a plat et procede de fabrication de ce pneumatique |
EP1513672B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-03 | 2007-04-04 | Société de Technologie Michelin | Fabrication d'une structure de renforcement pour pneumatique avec controle volumetrique de la matrice |
JP4150216B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-09-17 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ製造方法、及び生タイヤ製造装置 |
EP1426169B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-04 | 2006-09-20 | Société de Technologie Michelin | Appareil de fabrication d'un renforcement pour pneumatiques de grande largeur |
US6913378B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2005-07-05 | Quanta Display Incorporation | Direct-lighting type back light unit |
FR2850320A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-30 | Michelin Soc Tech | Appareil de fabrication d'un renforcement pour pneumatique, comportant un anneau de guidage |
US20040154727A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-12 | Weissert James Thomas | Method and apparatus for manufacturing carcass plies for a tire |
US6989067B2 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2006-01-24 | Roller Equipment Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Method and apparatus for application of material to core |
US20050269009A1 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-08 | Steinke Richard A | Method and apparatus for forming a core of plies, belts and beads and for positioning the core in a mold for forming an elastomeric tire and the formed elastomeric tire |
-
2003
- 2003-02-11 US US10/365,374 patent/US20040154727A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-02-02 BR BRPI0400211-3A patent/BRPI0400211B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-05 EP EP04002543A patent/EP1447209B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-05 DE DE602004012908T patent/DE602004012908T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-10 JP JP2004033402A patent/JP4746274B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 US US11/390,675 patent/US20060162848A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1447209A3 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
EP1447209A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
JP2004243770A (ja) | 2004-09-02 |
BRPI0400211B1 (pt) | 2014-07-22 |
DE602004012908D1 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
US20040154727A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US20060162848A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
DE602004012908T2 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1447209B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
JP4746274B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
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