BR112013029191A8 - Artigo óptico compreendendo um revestimento precursor de um revestimento anti-embaçante e uma camada temporária tornando-o adequado para rebordagem - Google Patents
Artigo óptico compreendendo um revestimento precursor de um revestimento anti-embaçante e uma camada temporária tornando-o adequado para rebordagemInfo
- Publication number
- BR112013029191A8 BR112013029191A8 BR112013029191A BR112013029191A BR112013029191A8 BR 112013029191 A8 BR112013029191 A8 BR 112013029191A8 BR 112013029191 A BR112013029191 A BR 112013029191A BR 112013029191 A BR112013029191 A BR 112013029191A BR 112013029191 A8 BR112013029191 A8 BR 112013029191A8
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- fog
- precursor
- temporary
- optical article
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/111—Anti-reflection coatings using layers comprising organic materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
- G02B1/115—Multilayers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ARTIGO ÓPTICO COMPREENDENDO UM REVESTIMENTO PRECURSOR DE UM REVESTIMENTO ANTI-EMBAÇANTE E UMA CAMADA TEMPORÁRIA TORNANDO-O ADEQUADO PARA REBORDAGEM A presente invenção refere-se a um artigo óptico, de preferência, uma lente oftálmica que compreende um substrato em que pelo menos uma superfície principal é revestida com um revestimento que tem grupos silanol na sua superfície, e em contato direto com o revestimento, um revestimento precursor de um revestimento anti-embaçante, o revestimento precursor do revestimento anti-embaçante sendo formado por deposição, sobre o revestimento contendo na sua superfície grupos silanol de, pelo menos, um composto A possuindo um grupo polioxialquileno e pelo menos um grupo capaz de estabelecer uma ligação covalente com um grupo silanol , em que o revestimento precursor do revestimento anti-embaçante compreende uma porção interna em que o referido composto A é enxertado em um revestimento contendo grupos silanol na superfície, e uma porção exterior eliminável por lavagem e/ou limpeza, resultante da deposição do composto A, o revestimento precursor do revestimento anti-embaçante a ser revestido pelo menos com uma camada temporária, compreendendo pelo menos 50% em massa de sílica, com base na massa total da camada temporária. Um tal artigo é tornado adequado para a rebordagem pela presença da camada temporária. A invenção também se refere a um processo de rebordagem e a um processo para a preparação desse artigo.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1154128 | 2011-05-12 | ||
| FR1154128 | 2011-05-12 | ||
| PCT/FR2012/051044 WO2012153072A1 (fr) | 2011-05-12 | 2012-05-11 | Article d'optique comportant un revetement precurseur d'un revetement antibuee et une couche temporaire le rendant apte au debordage |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR112013029191A2 BR112013029191A2 (pt) | 2017-01-31 |
| BR112013029191A8 true BR112013029191A8 (pt) | 2018-07-31 |
| BR112013029191B1 BR112013029191B1 (pt) | 2020-12-29 |
Family
ID=44317952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR112013029191-5A BR112013029191B1 (pt) | 2011-05-12 | 2012-05-11 | Artigo óptico compreendendo um revestimento precursor de um revestimento antiembaçante e uma camada temporária tornando-o adequado para rebordagem |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9435914B2 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP2707762B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP6100242B2 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN103518147B (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR112013029191B1 (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2835801C (pt) |
| EA (1) | EA024639B1 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2012153072A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9395468B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2016-07-19 | Ocular Dynamics, Llc | Contact lens with a hydrophilic layer |
| FR2997943B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-12-26 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comportant un revetement precurseur d'un revetement antibuee et une couche temporaire a base de fluorures metalliques ou de composes comprenant du magnesium et de l'oxygene |
| FR3001117B1 (fr) | 2013-01-18 | 2015-03-06 | Essilor Int | Lingette seche a action antibuee et/ou nettoyante |
| WO2015073758A1 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | Ocular Dynamics, Llc | Contact lens with a hydrophilic layer |
| FR3014210B1 (fr) | 2013-12-03 | 2016-01-01 | Satisloh Ag | Article d'optique comportant un revetement precurseur d'un revetement antibuee ayant des proprietes antisalissure |
| CN105899975B (zh) | 2013-12-23 | 2019-10-25 | 依视路国际公司 | 具有减少的黄度外观的透明光学物品 |
| EP2887129B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2020-04-22 | Essilor International | Transparent optical article having a colorless appearance |
| EP2930012B1 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2018-11-14 | Essilor Int | A method for depositing a cover layer on one side of a substrate and flexible deposition device |
| FR3023381B1 (fr) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-08-12 | Essilor Int | Lentille ophtalmique ayant des proprietes antisalissure differenciees sur ses deux faces et procedes de fabrication |
| WO2016102083A2 (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2016-06-30 | Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) | An optical device |
| EP3229851A4 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2018-08-01 | Tangible Science LLC | Medical device coating with a biocompatible layer |
| EP3086164A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-26 | ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) | A tinted optical article |
| FR3042500B1 (fr) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-02-14 | Essilor International | Article d'optique comportant un revetement precurseur d'un revetement antibuee ayant des proprietes antisalissure obtenu a partir d'un compose amphiphile |
| JP2018536894A (ja) | 2015-11-06 | 2018-12-13 | エシロール アンテルナショナルＥｓｓｉｌｏｒ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ | 青色光及びｕｖ光から保護する光学物品 |
| EP3371645A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2018-09-12 | Essilor International | Optical article protecting from blue light |
| EP3232254B1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2024-01-03 | Essilor International | An optical system for treating chronobiological disorders and/or myopia |
| EP3327091B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2023-01-18 | Essilor International | Epoxy functional composition protecting dyes from photo-degradation and cured coatings prepared therefrom |
| EP3327488B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2021-01-06 | Essilor International | Optical article comprising a dye resistant to photo-degradation |
| EP3327096A1 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-30 | Essilor International | Heat-curable hybrid epoxy functional composition and transparent heat-cured caustic-resistant coatings prepared therefrom |
| EP3382429A1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-03 | Essilor International | Optical article comprising an abrasion- and/or scratch-resistant coating having a low sensitivity to cracks |
| EP3457197A1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-20 | Essilor International | Optical lens for correcting color vision |
| EP3489270A1 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Heat-curable hybrid epoxy functional composition and transparent heat-cured abrasion-resistant coatings prepared therefrom |
| IT201800000730A1 (it) * | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-11 | Coerent Srl | Strato di rivestimento per lenti |
| EP3632950B1 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2024-07-17 | Essilor International | Storage-stable heat-curable hybrid epoxy functional composition and transparent heat-cured coatings prepared therefrom |
| EP3636423A1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-15 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method for manufacturing an optical element with a functional film |
| EP3919943A1 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-08 | Essilor International | Curable coating composition |
| EP4174532A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-03 | Essilor International | Transparent optical article with increased blue light cutting ability and superior aesthetics |
Family Cites Families (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1053269A (fr) | 1952-04-01 | 1954-02-01 | Semelle pré-fabriquée pour chaussures et articles chaussants | |
| JPS53111336A (en) | 1977-03-11 | 1978-09-28 | Toray Ind Inc | Coating composition |
| JPH0642002B2 (ja) | 1983-07-29 | 1994-06-01 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | プラスチックレンズ |
| JPH0762722B2 (ja) | 1986-09-30 | 1995-07-05 | ホ−ヤ株式会社 | プラスチックレンズ |
| JPH0679084B2 (ja) | 1986-12-04 | 1994-10-05 | ホーヤ株式会社 | プラスチックレンズ |
| JP3196780B2 (ja) | 1989-06-20 | 2001-08-06 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | プラスチックレンズの製造法 |
| US5316791A (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1994-05-31 | Sdc Coatings Inc. | Process for improving impact resistance of coated plastic substrates |
| FR2702486B1 (fr) | 1993-03-08 | 1995-04-21 | Essilor Int | Compositions de revêtement antiabrasion à base d'hydrolysats de silanes et de composés de l'aluminium, et articles revêtus correspondants résistants à l'abrasion et aux chocs. |
| JP3700358B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-18 | 2005-09-28 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 防曇防汚ガラス物品 |
| JP4524936B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-19 | 2010-08-18 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 防曇性能の付与方法および光学物品 |
| FR2824821B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-17 | 2003-08-29 | Essilor Int | Procede de preparation d'un verre apte au debordage, verre ainsi obtenu et procede de debordage d'un tel verre |
| EP1324078A3 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2004-01-14 | Hoya Corporation | Hybrid film, antireflection film comprising it, optical product, and method for restoring the defogging property of hybrid film |
| FR2834712B1 (fr) | 2002-01-14 | 2004-12-17 | Essilor Int | Procede de traitement d'un verre ophtalmique |
| JP4046546B2 (ja) | 2002-04-30 | 2008-02-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | メガネ用レンズの研磨方法および該研磨方法で用いられる粘着シート |
| JP3715601B2 (ja) | 2002-08-05 | 2005-11-09 | ソーラオプティカルジャパン株式会社 | 眼鏡用レンズの玉型加工に用いる軸ずれ防止キット及びこれを用いた眼鏡用レンズの玉型加工方法 |
| JP4293593B2 (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2009-07-08 | 東海光学株式会社 | 防曇性光学体及び光学体への防曇層形成方法 |
| FR2856056B1 (fr) | 2003-06-13 | 2009-07-03 | Essilor Int | Procede de traitement d'un verre apte au debordage. |
| FR2858420B1 (fr) | 2003-07-29 | 2005-11-25 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comprenant un empilement anti-reflets multicouches et procede de preparation |
| KR100562783B1 (ko) | 2003-08-08 | 2006-03-20 | 남상욱 | 렌즈 가공 시의 축 이동과 표면손상을 방지하기 위하여 보호막을 형성시킨 안경렌즈의 제조방법 |
| FR2860306B1 (fr) | 2003-09-26 | 2006-09-01 | Essilor Int | Lentille ophtalmique recouverte d'un film electrostatique et procede de debordage d'une telle lentille |
| FR2860303A1 (fr) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-01 | Essilor Int | Lentille ophtalmique recouverte d'un film electrostatique et procede de debordage d'une telle lentile. |
| JP2005225707A (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Hoya Corp | モールドプレス成形用ガラス素材、その製造方法及びガラス光学素子の製造方法 |
| DE102004044441B3 (de) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-06-01 | Rodenstock Gmbh | Verbesserung des Einschleif- und Anstempelverhaltens von Brillengläsern mit hydrophober Beschichtung |
| US20060219598A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-10-05 | Cody Ian A | Low energy surfaces for reduced corrosion and fouling |
| JP2007119560A (ja) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-17 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 防曇防汚性材料 |
| FR2907915B1 (fr) | 2006-10-31 | 2009-01-23 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comportant un revetement anti-salissure |
| FR2921161B1 (fr) | 2007-09-14 | 2010-08-20 | Essilor Int | Procede de preparation de la surface d'une lentille comportant un revetement anti-salissures en vue de son debordage |
| FR2924233A1 (fr) | 2007-11-23 | 2009-05-29 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comportant une couche temporaire de polyurethane thermoplastique aliphatique et application au debordage |
| FR2938255B1 (fr) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-04-01 | Essilor Int | Procede de traitement au moyen d'un film adhesif d'une lentille optique comportant un revetement antisalissure en vue de son debordage |
| FR2943798B1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2011-05-27 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique revetu d'un revetement antireflet ou reflechissant comprenant une couche electriquement conductrice a base d'oxyde d'etain et procede de fabrication |
| FR2954832A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-07-01 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comportant un revetement antibuee temporaire ayant une durabilite amelioree |
| CA2841414C (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2019-01-15 | Essilor International(Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method for obtaining optical articles having superior abrasion resistant properties, and coated articles prepared according to such method |
| EA026288B1 (ru) * | 2011-07-22 | 2017-03-31 | Сатисло Аг | Оптическое изделие, содержащее незапотевающее покрытие с улучшенной долговечностью на основе поверхностно-активных веществ |
| FR2997943B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-12-26 | Essilor Int | Article d'optique comportant un revetement precurseur d'un revetement antibuee et une couche temporaire a base de fluorures metalliques ou de composes comprenant du magnesium et de l'oxygene |
-
2012
- 2012-05-11 WO PCT/FR2012/051044 patent/WO2012153072A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-05-11 EA EA201301249A patent/EA024639B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-05-11 JP JP2014509799A patent/JP6100242B2/ja active Active
- 2012-05-11 BR BR112013029191-5A patent/BR112013029191B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-05-11 EP EP12728655.7A patent/EP2707762B1/fr active Active
- 2012-05-11 CN CN201280022996.5A patent/CN103518147B/zh active Active
- 2012-05-11 US US14/117,251 patent/US9435914B2/en active Active
- 2012-05-11 CA CA2835801A patent/CA2835801C/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112013029191A2 (pt) | 2017-01-31 |
| EA201301249A1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
| CA2835801C (fr) | 2019-01-08 |
| CN103518147A (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
| US20150062704A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| CA2835801A1 (fr) | 2012-11-15 |
| JP6100242B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
| WO2012153072A1 (fr) | 2012-11-15 |
| BR112013029191B1 (pt) | 2020-12-29 |
| US9435914B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| EP2707762B1 (fr) | 2015-10-21 |
| JP2014514615A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
| EA024639B1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
| EP2707762A1 (fr) | 2014-03-19 |
| CN103518147B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| BR112013029191A8 (pt) | Artigo óptico compreendendo um revestimento precursor de um revestimento anti-embaçante e uma camada temporária tornando-o adequado para rebordagem | |
| DE602006019397D1 (de) | Verfahren zur übertragung von beschichtungen auf eine oberfläche eines linsensubstrats mit höchstpräziser optischer güte | |
| WO2013082488A3 (en) | Optical coating method, apparatus and product | |
| EA201200976A1 (ru) | Оптическое изделие, содержащее временное противозапотевающее покрытие, характеризующееся улучшенной долговечностью | |
| FI20085543A (fi) | Irrokemateriaalikoostumus, pohjamateriaali ja menetelmä pohjamateriaalin valmistamiseksi, pintakäsittelyaine pohjamateriaalia varten sekä pintakäsittelyaineen käyttö | |
| ATE449666T1 (de) | Verfahren zur verbesserten ätzung eines optischen artikels durch bereitstellung einer temporären schicht aus einem organischen material | |
| EA201301276A1 (ru) | Способ получения оптических изделий, имеющих превосходные свойства стойкости к истиранию, и покрытые изделия, изготовленные согласно этому способу | |
| EA200802374A1 (ru) | Труба с покрытием, содержащим полиолефиновый слой с повышенной адгезией | |
| BRPI0916864A2 (pt) | artigo óptico compreendendo um substrato de vidro orgânico ou mineral e uma camada de um material polimérico e processo de fabricação de um artigo óptico | |
| WO2013006750A3 (en) | Surface flaw modification for strengthening of glass articles | |
| WO2013066850A3 (en) | Method for sparkle control and articles thereof | |
| BR112014015429A2 (pt) | processo de revestimento de confeitos congelados | |
| DE602007005017D1 (de) | Verfahren für leicht zu reinigende substrate und artikel daraus | |
| ATE433851T1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer beschichteten optischen linse ohne sichtbare feinschleiflinien | |
| WO2012169761A3 (ko) | 난연 투명 필름의 제조 방법 및 이를 통해 제조되는 난연 투명 필름 | |
| BR112014018260A8 (pt) | Revestimento vítreo, artigo culinário com tal revestimento e processo de fabricação do revestimento | |
| ATE523612T1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer funktionsschicht | |
| EA201171045A1 (ru) | Антибактериальное стекло | |
| MY172903A (en) | Method of producing a transparent diffusive oled substrate and substrate obtained | |
| BR112016026877A8 (pt) | artigo revestido com sol-gel híbrido, composição e método para formação do revestimento de sol-gel híbrido | |
| MX2017000962A (es) | Articulos con diseño y metodos para revestir sustratos con una capa con diseño. | |
| MY161109A (en) | Process for manufacturing glass hard disc substrates | |
| DE602007011821D1 (de) | Hydrophiler überzug und herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
| BR112013022971A2 (pt) | processo e instalação de fabricação de um artigo oco de vidro e artigo oco de vidro. | |
| DK2036871T3 (da) | Færdigbehandlede, fiberforstærkede cementartikler |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B25A | Requested transfer of rights approved |
Owner name: ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (FR) |
|
| B06F | Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette] | ||
| B06U | Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette] | ||
| B09A | Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette] | ||
| B16A | Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette] |
Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 11/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |