AU2021100779A4 - A Field Planting Method of Ridging by Flat Planting on Dwarf Rootstock Apples - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a field planting method of ridging by flat planting on dwarf rootstock apples, belonging to the field of apple planting methods. The field planting method of the invention comprises the following steps: placing the plant on the soil surface, digging topsoil at both sides of the plant along the plant row direction and between 75 and 95 cm away from the plant, covering the root system of the plant, while forming a 10cm thick soil layer. Applying decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil layer. Digging at the top soil to cover the surface of organic fertilizer to increase the soil layer to 20-25cm. In this way, along the row direction, a ridge with a width of about 1.5m is formed around the plant, and irrigation ditches with a width of 20cm are formed on both sides about 75cm away from the plant. Planting, ridging and irrigation ditch are completed synchronously, thus saving the labor of digging irrigation ditch again. By cultivating and planting the plants around the soil with irrigation ditch, the physical properties and fertility of the soil around the roots are obviously improved, which is beneficial for the roots to extend around and down and make the roots more developed. l / Soil Isoil Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the dwarf rootstock apple planting of the present invention Figure 2. The root system of the plant obtained by the planting method of the present invention

Description

l

/ Soil

Isoil

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the dwarf rootstock apple planting of the present

invention

Figure 2. The root system of the plant obtained by the planting method of the present

invention

A Field Planting Method of Ridging by Flat Planting on Dwarf Rootstock Apples

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The invention relates to a field planting method of ridging by flat planting on dwarf rootstock apples, which belongs to the field of apple planting method.

BACKGROUND

[02] Intensive and efficient cultivation of apple dwarf rootstock is a widely used cultivation system in advanced countries of the world, and it is also the mainstream of the development of modern apple industry in China. The conventional planting method of dwarf rootstock apples is the method of digging ditches and filling soil: before planting plants, it is necessary to dig planting ditches according to the row spacing of plants planned for garden construction; Then the dwarf rootstock apple saplings are cultivated in the planting ditch, then the excavated soil is backfilled into the planting ditch. As root growth is limited to the bottom of the ditch, therefore, in order to cultivate developed roots and expand the absorption area, it is usually necessary to widen and deepen the planting ditch as much as possible. In addition, in order to meet the irrigation requirements, irrigation ditches need to be dug on both sides of the plant. In this way, it is necessary to dig trenches twice. Therefore, the conventional planting method of dwarf rootstock apples needs high labor cost. At present, the shortage of labor and the increase of labor cost have become the bottleneck of the development of apple industry.

SUMMARY

[03] In order to solve the problem that the conventional planting method of dwarf rootstock apples requires higher labor cost, the invention provides a field planting method of ridging by flat planting on dwarf rootstock apples with greatly reduced labor cost.

[04] Technical scheme:

[05] The field planting method of ridging by flat planting on dwarf rootstock apples comprises the following steps:

[06] Field planting:

[07] Placing the plant on the soil surface, digging topsoil on both sides of the plant along the row direction and between 75 and 95 cm away from the plant to cover the root system of the plant, with a 10cm thick soil layer formed. Applying decomposed organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer: peat: vermiculite = 5: 2: 1) on the surface of the soil layer. Digging at the place where the topsoil is dug to cover the surface of organic fertilizer, so as to increase the topsoil layer to 20-25cm.

[08] In this way, along the row direction, a ridge with a width of about 1.5m is formed around the plant, and irrigation ditches with a width of about 20cm are formed on both sides about 75cm away from the plant.

[09] Placing the plant on the soil surface means placing the plant on the horizontal soil surface, and naturally setting the root system of the plant around along the horizontal direction. Preferably, a bamboo pole is erected beside each planted plant.

[010] When the decomposed organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer: peat: vermiculite = 5: 2: 1) is spread on the surface of the topsoil layer, the root injury caused by direct contact between the organic fertilizer and the root system should be avoided.

[011] The method further comprises the following steps:

[012] Pre-treatment:

[013] The dwarf apple seedlings of temporarily planted are put into clear water for 12-24h. Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in rooting agent (sucrose 35-45g/L+NAA 0.5-1 mg/L+IAA 1.5-2.5 mg/L+IBA 0.75-1.25 mg/L) for 5 minutes.

[014] Irrigation and compaction

[015] After the planting is completed, the irrigation ditch is filled with water, so that the water fully penetrates into the root system, and then the soil on the ridge is compacted.

[016] Covering and irrigation

[017] Covering the compacted ridges with gardening cloth, and fully irrigating them once every 2-3 days.

[018] Beneficial effects:

[019] Compared with the trenching and filling planting method, the planting method of the invention has the following advantages:

[020] 1. The method saves labor. It saves the labor for trenching before planting, forms irrigation ditches on both sides of the ridge along the row direction while ridging (planting, ridging and irrigation ditches are completed synchronously), and saves the labor for digging irrigation ditches again, thus reducing the input costs such as labor.

[021] 2. Plants are planted on the soil surface without digging planting ditches, which is convenient for mechanized planting.

[022] 3. The soil cultivated in irrigation ditch is used to cultivate the plants around, so that the plants can be planted in the living soil layer, so that the physical properties and fertility of the soil around the root system are obviously improved, which is conducive to the root system extending around and down, and the root system is more developed; Improve the growth and fruiting of aerial parts of plants;

[023] 4. The soil layer around the root system has the same properties, and the horizontal extension of the root system will avoid the problem that the root extends far along the fixed planting ditch to the plants, while the extension between the rows is limited to the upper tillage layer, resulting in uneven horizontal distribution of the root system. That is to say, the root system will be evenly distributed horizontally, thus improving the growth and fruiting of the aboveground parts of plants.

[024] 5. Fruit number per plant, average yield per plant and yield per mu have all increased by two times.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[025] Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the dwarf rootstock apple planting of the present invention;

[026] Fig. 2 shows the root system of the plant obtained by the planting method of the present invention;

[027] Fig. 3 shows the root system obtained by trenching and filling.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[028] In the following embodiments and comparative examples:

[029] Varieties of apple seedlings: Tianhong NO. 2 / SH40 / Malus x robusta (Carridre)Rehder.

[030] The morphology of dwarf apple seedlings: seedlings with complete root system, strong growth, stem diameter of 1.5-2cm and seedling height of 120-140cm.

[031] Setting: Taidong Base of Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute.

[032] Land area: 20 mu.

[033] Example 1

[034] Temporarily planted dwarf rootstock apple seedlings were placed in clear water in the reservoir for root soaking treatment (treatment time is 16 h) to ensure sufficient water in the roots, then dip the roots with mud before planting to ensure that the roots are wet.

[035] On March 12, 2009, the plants were placed on the horizontal soil surface according to the row spacing of 0.75mx3.5m, and the roots of the plants were naturally spread around along the horizontal direction, and bamboo poles were erected beside each planted plant. Along the row direction of the plant, dig topsoil to cover the root system of the plant from 75-95cm away from the plant (where irrigation ditch is to be dug) to form a 10cm thick soil layer. Spread a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer (about 1-1.5cm thick) on the surface of the soil layer. Continue digging (mature soil) at the topsoil (where irrigation ditch is to be dug) to cover the surface of organic fertilizer, so that the soil layer (including organic fertilizer layer) is increased to 20-25cm, and a ridge with a width of about 1.5m is formed. At this time, an irrigation ditch with a width of about 20cm and a depth of 20-25cm is formed on both sides 75cm away from the plant along the row direction of the plant. When spreading decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil layer, it should be avoided that the organic fertilizer directly contacts with the root system and damages the root system.

[036] After the planting is completed, the irrigation ditch is filled with water, so that the water fully penetrates into the root system, and then the soil on the ridge is compacted; Cover the ridge with gardening cloth, and fully irrigate it once every 2-3 days.

[037] The field management was carried out by conventional methods.

[038] The fruit was harvested on November 16th, 2014. The yield and quality of apples are counted and the results are shown in Table 1.

[039] After planting for 5 years, many plants were dug out randomly, and their roots are shown in Figure 2.

[040] Comparative example 1

[041] Temporarily planted dwarf rootstock apple seedlings were placed in clear water of reservoir for root soaking treatment (treatment time is 16 h) to ensure sufficient moisture in the roots, and then dip the roots with mud before planting to ensure that the roots are wet (Same as Example 1).

[042] On March 12, 2009 (same as Example 1), planting ditches were dug at a row spacing of 3.5m, with a depth of 90cm and a width of 90cm, and the topsoil and core soil were placed separately. Backfill the topsoil to the bottom of the ditch, then spread a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer (about 1-1.5cm thick) on the surface, and then fully mix the topsoil with the fertilizer, with the same amount of fertilizer as in Example 1). According to the plant spacing of 0.75m, the plants are placed in the planting ditch, and the roots of the plants are naturally spread around along the horizontal direction. Backfill the core soil to cover the surface of the root system of the plant, and compact the soil while ridging until a ridge 20-25cm above the ground and about 1.5m wide is formed. Stand a bamboo pole next to each planted plant, and then dig a irrigation ditch with a width of 20cm and a depth of 20-25cm between 75-95cm from the plant.

[043] After the planting is completed, the irrigation ditch is filled with water, so that the water fully penetrates into the root system, and then the soil on the ridge is compacted; Cover the ridge with gardening cloth, and fully irrigate it once every 2-3 days.

[044] The fruit was harvested on November 16th, 2014. The yield and quality of apples are counted and the results are shown in Table 1.

[045] After planting for 5 years, many plants were dug out randomly, and their roots are shown in Figure 3.

[046] Table 1: Comparison of yield and quality of apples planted in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

Fruit number Average Average Equivalent Pulp Soluble Planting method per plant single fruit plant yield yield per hardness solids weight (g) (kg) mu (kg) (kg / cm2) (number)

Example 1 125 198.4 24.8 6299.2 7.8 17.2

Comparative 39.5 220.8 8.7 2209.8 8.0 17.1 example 1

[047] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms, in keeping with the broad principles and the spirit of the invention described herein.

[048] The present invention and the described embodiments specifically include the best method known to the applicant of performing the invention. The present invention and the described preferred embodiments specifically include at least one feature that is industrially applicable

Claims (2)

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. The field planting method of the invention comprises the following steps:

Placing the plant on the soil surface, digging topsoil at both sides of the plant along

the plant row direction and between 75 and 95 cm away from the plant, covering the

root system of the plant, while forming a 10cm thick soil layer. Applying decomposed

organic fertilizer on the surface of the soil layer. Digging at the top soil to cover the

surface of organic fertilizer to increase the soil layer to 20-25cm.

2. The method according to claim 1 is characterized in that it also comprises the

following steps:

Pre-treatment:

The dwarf apple seedlings of temporarily planted are put into clear water for 12

24h. Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in rooting agent for 5-10

minutes.

Irrigation and compaction

After the planting is completed, the irrigation ditch is filled with water, so that the

water fully penetrates into the root system, and then the soil on the ridge is compacted.

Covering and irrigation

Covering the compacted ridges with gardening cloth, and fully irrigating them

once every 2-3 days.

1/ 09 Feb 2021 2021100779

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the dwarf rootstock apple planting of the present

invention

Figure 2. The root system of the plant obtained by the planting method of the present

invention

2/ 09 Feb 2021 2021100779

Figure 3. The root system obtained by trenching and filling