CN104642046A - Short-stock apple tree level planting, ridge forming and planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a short-stock apple tree level planting, ridge forming and planting method and belongs to the field of apple tree planting method. The planting method comprises the following steps of putting plants on a soil surface, digging surface soils at positions, which are 75-95cm away from the plants, on two sides of the plants along the direction of plant rows to cover the root systems of the plants so as to form a 10cm-thick hilling layer; performing overrotten organic fertilizer broadcast application on the surface of the hilling layer; and further digging soils at the surface soil digging positions to cover the surfaces of the organic fertilizers until the thickness of the hilling layer is increased to 20-25cm, wherein in the row direction, ridges with width of about 1.5m are formed around the plants, and two sides which are about 75cm away from the plants are respectively provided with an irrigation ditch with width of about 20cm. Planting, ridge forming and irrigation ditch formation are synchronously finished, so that manpower for digging the irrigation ditches is omitted; by virtue of soil culture of the dug irrigation ditches and the periphery of the plants, the plants are planted in an active layer, so that the physical properties and fertility degree of soils around the root systems are obviously improved, the root systems can extend downwards all around and are relatively developed.

Description

A kind of short anvil apple level planting ridging field planting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of short anvil apple level planting ridging field planting method, belong to apple field planting method field.

Background technology

The intensive Efficient Cultivation of Apple Dwarf Stocks is the cultivation system that apple production advanced country of the world generally adopts, the main flow direction of the modern apple industry of Ye Shi China.The conventional field planting method of short anvil apple is that ditching is banketed field planting method: before plant field planting, first need, according to the seeding row spacing building garden planning, to dig field planting ditch; Then by the cultivation of short anvil apple sapling in field planting ditch, then by the earthen backfill of digging out in field planting ditch; Root growth is limited with bottom of trench, so, for cultivating flourishing root system, expanding absorption region, when digging field planting ditch, usually need to widen as far as possible and deepen; In addition, in order to satisfied irrigation requires that also needs dig irrigation ditch in plant both sides; So, twice ditching is needed.Therefore, the conventional field planting method of short anvil apple needs larger cost of labor.And the increase of labor shortage at present, cost of labor has become the restriction bottleneck of apple industry.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem that needed for the conventional field planting method of short anvil apple, manually one-tenth is higher, the invention provides the short anvil apple level planting ridging field planting method that a kind of cost of labor reduces greatly.

Technical scheme

A kind of short anvil apple level planting ridging field planting method, comprises the following steps:

Field planting:

Plant is placed in soil surface, along plant row to, between plant both sides, distance plant 75-95cm, dig table soil cover plant root, form the ridging layer that 10cm is thick; The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on ridging layer surface; Dig table Tu Chu continue shoveling be covered in fertilizer surface, make ridging layer increase to 20-25cm.

So, follow to, around plant, define the wide ridge being about 1.5m, the both sides being about 75cm distance plant respectively form the wide irrigation ditch of about 20cm.

Describedly plant is placed in soil surface refers to: plant is positioned over horizontal soil surface, then plant root is launched to surrounding naturally along horizontal direction.Preferably, support at the other vertical bamboo pole of the plant of every field planting.

When the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on layer surface of earthing up, fertilizer is avoided directly to contact with root system and hinder root.

Said method, further comprising the steps of:

Pretreatment

The short anvil apple nursery stock heeled in is placed in clear water do leaching root dip in slurry process after plant; Processing time is 12-24 h;

Pour water heavy real

After field planting completes, poured water by irrigation ditch, make moisture fully penetrate into root system, then the soil on ridge is treaded;

Covering is poured water

Ridge after treading covers gardening ground cloth, within interval 2-3 days, Limit irrigation is once again.

Beneficial effect:

The ditching field planting method that bankets is compared, and field planting method of the present invention exists following advantage:

Saving of labor, had both saved the recruitment of ditching before planting, and followed to formation irrigation ditch, both sides, ridge (field planting, ridging and irrigation ditch synchronously complete), eliminated the recruitment of digging irrigation ditch again, thus reduce the input costs such as recruitment while ridging ridging;

Plant is colonizated in soil surface, without the need to digging field planting ditch, being convenient to mechanization and planting;

Around the earth culture dug irrigation trenches and plant, make plant be colonizated in active soil stratum, make the physical property of root system surrounding soil with and fertility have clear improvement, be beneficial to root system to surrounding, stretch downwards, root system is more flourishing; Improve growth and the result in plant above ground portion;

It is identical that the surrounding of root system is soil layer property, and root system horizontal-extending can not show: the phenomenon of " extend comparatively far away between going out along field planting ditch to strain, and each extension is only limited to top plow layer in the ranks, cause root system horizontal distribution uneven "; Namely root system horizontal distribution is even, and then improves growth and the result in plant above ground portion;

Individual plant fruit number, average strain product and per mu yield all improve twice.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1, short anvil apple field planting schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2, adopts the plant root that field planting method of the present invention obtains;

Fig. 3, adopt ditching banket field planting method obtain plant root.

Embodiment

In following embodiment and comparative example,

The kind of apple seedling: Tianhong No.2/SH40/ Mains micromalus

The form of short anvil apple nursery stock: root system is complete, robust growth, trunk diameter 1.5-2cm, height of seedling 120-140cm ;

Place: Shandong Fruit-tree Inst. Tai Dong base;

Land area: 20 mu.

embodiment 1

The clear water that the short anvil apple nursery stock heeled in is placed in cistern is done leaching root process (processing time 16 h), ensures that root has sufficient moisture, after before planting, dip in root with mud, ensure that root is moistening, obtain plant.

On March 12nd, 2009; According to 0.75m × 3.5m seeding row spacing, plant is placed in horizontal soil surface, plant root is launched to surrounding naturally along horizontal direction, support at the other vertical bamboo pole of the plant of every field planting; Along plant row to, in plant both sides, dig table soil from (plan digs irrigation ditch) between distance plant 75-95cm and cover plant root, form the ridging layer that 10cm is thick; The fertilizer (about 1-1.5cm is thick) that one deck becomes thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on ridging layer surface; Dig table Tu Chu (plan digs irrigation ditch place) continue cut the earth (mellow soil) be covered in fertilizer surface, make ridging layer (comprising fertilizer layer) increase to 20-25cm; Form the wide ridge being about 1.5m.Now, along plant row to, respectively form the wide irrigation ditch of a general 20cm, ditch depth 20-25cm in the both sides of distance plant 75cm.When the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on layer surface of earthing up, fertilizer is avoided directly to contact with root system and hinder root.

After field planting completes, poured water by irrigation ditch, make moisture fully penetrate into root system, then the soil on ridge is treaded; Ridge covers gardening ground cloth, and within interval 2-3 days, Limit irrigation is once again.

Usual manner is adopted to carry out field management.

Gather in the crops on November 16th, 2014; The Yield and quality of statistics apple, result is as shown in table 1.

After field planting 5 years, dig out many strains plant at random, its root system all as shown in Figure 2.

comparative example 1

The clear water that the short anvil apple nursery stock heeled in is placed in cistern is done leaching root process (processing time 16 h), ensures that root has sufficient moisture, after before planting, dip in root with mud, ensure that root is moistening, obtain plant.(with embodiment 1)

In on March 12nd, 2009 (with embodiment 1), dig field planting ditch according to 3.5m line-spacing, ditch depth 90cm, furrow width 90cm, soil will be shown separated with cubsoil; Earthen backfill will be shown to bottom of trench, after to spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer (about 1-1.5cm is thick) that one deck becomes thoroughly decomposed on surface, then fully mixed with fertilizer by table soil, fertilizing amount is with embodiment 1); According to 0.75m spacing in the rows, plant is placed in field planting ditch, plant root is launched to surrounding naturally along horizontal direction; Cubsoil backfill is covered plant root surface, and ridging limit, limit is steady and sure, until form the 20-25cm that is above the ground level, the wide ridge being about 1.5m; Support at the other vertical bamboo pole of the plant of every field planting; Then between distance plant 75-95cm, irrigation ditch is dug, its furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 20-25cm;

After field planting completes, poured water by irrigation ditch, make moisture fully penetrate into root system, then the soil on ridge is treaded; Ridge covers gardening ground cloth, and within interval 2-3 days, Limit irrigation is once again.

Gather in the crops on November 16th, 2014; The Yield and quality of statistics apple, result is as shown in table 1.

After field planting 5 years, dig out many strains plant at random, its root system all as shown in Figure 3.

Table 1: the Yield and quality contrast of embodiment 1 and comparative example a kind of apple of planting .

Claims (2)

1. a short anvil apple level planting ridging field planting method, comprises the following steps:

Field planting:

Plant is placed in soil surface, along plant row to, between plant both sides, distance plant 75-95cm, dig table soil cover plant root, form the ridging layer that 10cm is thick; The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on ridging layer surface; Dig table Tu Chu continue shoveling be covered in fertilizer surface, make ridging layer increase to 20-25cm.

2., according to the method shown in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:

Pretreatment

The short anvil apple nursery stock heeled in is placed in clear water do leaching root dip in slurry process after plant; Processing time is 12-24 h;

Pour water heavy real

After field planting completes, poured water by irrigation ditch, make moisture fully penetrate into root system, then the soil on ridge is treaded;

Covering is poured water

Ridge after treading covers gardening ground cloth, within interval 2-3 days, Limit irrigation is once again.