ATE389431T1 - Verfahren zum bereitstellen einer kapsel mit einem pulverarzneimittel - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bereitstellen einer kapsel mit einem pulverarzneimittelInfo
- Publication number
- ATE389431T1 ATE389431T1 AT03795835T AT03795835T ATE389431T1 AT E389431 T1 ATE389431 T1 AT E389431T1 AT 03795835 T AT03795835 T AT 03795835T AT 03795835 T AT03795835 T AT 03795835T AT E389431 T1 ATE389431 T1 AT E389431T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- providing
- internal chamber
- capsule containing
- medicinal product
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
- A61M15/002—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with air flow regulating means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
- A61M15/003—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using capsules, e.g. to be perforated or broken-up
- A61M15/0043—Non-destructive separation of the package, e.g. peeling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/06—Solids
- A61M2202/064—Powder
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0227128.6A GB0227128D0 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2002-11-20 | A capsule |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE389431T1 true ATE389431T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
Family
ID=9948219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT03795835T ATE389431T1 (de) | 2002-11-20 | 2003-11-18 | Verfahren zum bereitstellen einer kapsel mit einem pulverarzneimittel |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7713518B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1562662B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006506144A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE389431T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003298133A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60319864T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2659540T3 (de) |
GB (1) | GB0227128D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004045688A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6923175B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2005-08-02 | Mannkind Corporation | Inhalation apparatus |
GB0227128D0 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2002-12-24 | Glaxo Group Ltd | A capsule |
GB0308969D0 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2003-05-28 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Capsules |
DK1786784T3 (da) | 2004-08-20 | 2011-02-14 | Mannkind Corp | Katalyse af diketopiperazinsyntese |
EP2322180B1 (de) | 2004-08-23 | 2015-05-27 | MannKind Corporation | Diketopiperazinsalze zur Arzneimitteldarreichung |
US8763605B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2014-07-01 | Manta Devices, Llc | Inhalation device |
US7799344B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2010-09-21 | Mannkind Corporation | Method of drug formulation based on increasing the affinity of crystalline microparticle surfaces for active agents |
US7987845B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2011-08-02 | Oriel Therapeutics, Inc. | Dry powder inhalers having spiral travel paths, unit dose microcartridges with dry powder, related devices and methods |
ES2647080T3 (es) | 2006-02-22 | 2017-12-19 | Mannkind Corporation | Un método para mejorar las propiedades farmacéuticas de micropartículas que comprenden dicetopiperazina y un agente activo |
AT504991B1 (de) * | 2007-02-23 | 2009-04-15 | Rouven Mag Haas | Vorrichtung zur oralen einnahme von lebensmitteln und/oder genussmitteln und/oder nichtinhalativen medikamenten |
US11224704B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2022-01-18 | Manta Devices, Llc | Dose delivery device for inhalation |
EP2170444B1 (de) | 2007-07-06 | 2016-09-07 | Manta Devices, LLC | Inhalationsvorrichtungen zur lagerung und abgabe von medikamenten |
WO2009079078A1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Labogroup S.A.S. | Delivering aerosolizable food products |
US8485180B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2013-07-16 | Mannkind Corporation | Dry powder drug delivery system |
ES2929343T3 (es) | 2008-06-13 | 2022-11-28 | Mannkind Corp | Inhalador de polvo seco accionado por aspiración para la administración de fármacos |
EP2609954B1 (de) | 2008-06-20 | 2021-12-29 | MannKind Corporation | Interaktives Gerät für die Echtzeit-Profilierung von Inhalationsversuchen |
US8314106B2 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2012-11-20 | Mannkind Corporation | Substituted diketopiperazine analogs for use as drug delivery agents |
CN102985125A (zh) | 2010-06-21 | 2013-03-20 | 曼金德公司 | 干粉药物输送系统和方法 |
USD666493S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-09-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
USD666099S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-08-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
USD666096S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-08-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
USD666098S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-08-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
USD666492S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-09-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
USD666097S1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-08-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cap for a container |
RU2594244C2 (ru) * | 2011-01-31 | 2016-08-10 | Син Ниппон Байомедикал Лэборэтэриз, Лтд. | Устройства для интраназальной доставки |
BR122020008875B8 (pt) | 2011-04-01 | 2022-12-06 | Mannkind Corp | Embalagem de bolha e método de fabricação de uma embalagem de bolhas |
WO2012174472A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Mannkind Corporation | High capacity diketopiperazine microparticles |
AU2012328885B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2017-08-31 | Mannkind Corporation | Methods and compositions for treating pain |
EP2872205B1 (de) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-02-08 | MannKind Corporation | System zur verabreichung von arzneimitteln in trockenpulverform |
US9778150B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2017-10-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Dynamic method of obtaining a sample of materials |
BR112016000937A8 (pt) | 2013-07-18 | 2021-06-22 | Mannkind Corp | formulações farmacêuticas de pó seco, método para a fabricação de uma formulação de pó seco e uso de uma formulação farmacêutica de pó seco |
CN105517607A (zh) | 2013-08-05 | 2016-04-20 | 曼金德公司 | 吹入设备和方法 |
WO2015148905A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Mannkind Corporation | Use of ultrarapid acting insulin |
WO2015168572A2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | Manta Devices, Llc | Delivery device and related methods |
US10561806B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2020-02-18 | Mannkind Corporation | Mouthpiece cover for an inhaler |
DE102020100550A1 (de) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-16 | Alfred Von Schuckmann | Vorrichtung zum Inhalieren pulverförmiger Substanzen, Substanzbehälter für eine solche Vorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Befüllen einer derartigen Vorrichtung |
WO2020148633A1 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-23 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Dry powder inhaler |
Family Cites Families (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US330970A (en) * | 1885-11-24 | Cliffoed | ||
US1410556A (en) * | 1919-03-07 | 1922-03-28 | Frank C Dorment | Inhaler |
GB367560A (en) | 1930-02-17 | 1932-02-25 | Ernest Guiraud | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for giving warning of the approach of trains |
GB367580A (en) * | 1931-03-07 | 1932-02-25 | Ronald Hayden Linton | Mouth or nasal medicament inhalers |
US2103520A (en) * | 1934-04-20 | 1937-12-28 | Samuel E Witt | Dispenser for tablets or the like |
US2642063A (en) | 1948-07-31 | 1953-06-16 | Frederick M Turnbull | Inhaler |
US2590832A (en) * | 1949-03-29 | 1952-03-25 | Frederick M Turnbull | Inhaler with closure |
US2587215A (en) | 1949-04-27 | 1952-02-26 | Frank P Priestly | Inhalator |
DE837157C (de) * | 1950-07-16 | 1952-04-21 | Karl Mende | Inhalator |
US2645063A (en) * | 1951-05-28 | 1953-07-14 | Richard B Smith | Blade sharpening device |
CH371528A (de) | 1959-09-19 | 1963-08-31 | Escher Wyss Ag | Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Kernreaktors |
JPS5555745Y2 (de) * | 1975-12-22 | 1980-12-24 | ||
JPS57500862A (de) | 1979-10-30 | 1982-05-20 | ||
US4265236A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-05-05 | Pacella Angelo M | Portable inhalator device |
US4391590A (en) * | 1981-04-09 | 1983-07-05 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Cartridge for viscous material |
GB8516527D0 (en) * | 1985-06-29 | 1985-07-31 | Filhol S J | Packaging system |
JPS62122901A (ja) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-06-04 | 株式会社資生堂 | 粉粒状物品の充填方法 |
US4767326A (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-08-30 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Cartridge container and ejector piston therefor |
CH676796A5 (de) | 1987-09-09 | 1991-03-15 | Henri Dr Med Siegenthaler | |
IT1228460B (it) * | 1989-02-23 | 1991-06-19 | Phidea S R L | Inalatore monouso con capsula pre-forata |
IT1230313B (it) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-10-18 | Somova Spa | Inalatore per medicamenti in capsule. |
DE69211450T2 (de) * | 1991-08-16 | 1996-12-05 | Sandoz Ag | Inhalator zur Verabreichung von pulverförmigen Substanzen |
US5287850A (en) * | 1991-08-20 | 1994-02-22 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Timing and velocity controlled powered pharmaceutical inhaler |
FR2686508B1 (fr) * | 1992-01-29 | 1994-04-08 | Phystor | Appareil distributeur de medicaments en forme de gelule ou de pilule. |
GB9203761D0 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-04-08 | Innovata Biomed Ltd | Inhaler |
GB9216038D0 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1992-09-09 | Bespak Plc | Dispensing apparatus for powdered medicaments |
GB2270293A (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1994-03-09 | Medix Ltd | Drug dispensing system |
US5896855A (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1999-04-27 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Limited | Multi dose inhaler apparatus |
US5372128A (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-12-13 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Fluidizing powder inhaler |
JP3545764B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-18 | 2004-07-21 | フアイソンズ・ピーエルシー | 吸息率制御器を備えた吸入装置 |
PT101450B (pt) * | 1994-02-02 | 1999-11-30 | Hovione Produtos Farmaceuticos | Novo dispositivo para inalacao |
US6102036A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 2000-08-15 | Smoke-Stop | Breath activated inhaler |
GB9409851D0 (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1994-07-06 | Cambridge Consultants | Improvements in and relating to containers of particulate material |
GB9409852D0 (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1994-07-06 | Cambridge Consultants | Device for administering single doses of a medicament |
IT1276916B1 (it) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-11-03 | Istoria Farmaceutici S P A | Dispositivo per il trattamento di pazienti asmatici, atto a misurare il picco di flusso espiratorio e ad erogare farmaci per il |
US5797392C1 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 2001-01-09 | Direct Haler As | Inhaler |
US6470884B2 (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 2002-10-29 | Aventis Pharma Limited | Capsule opening arrangement for use in a powder inhaler |
GB9705071D0 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1997-04-30 | Theobald David R | Nebuliser |
KR19980075693A (ko) | 1997-03-31 | 1998-11-16 | 배순훈 | 써미스터를 이용한 멀티가습기의 진동자 보호방법 |
PT101988B (pt) * | 1997-04-04 | 2004-02-27 | Hovione Farmaciencia Sa | Sistema de orientacao e posicionamento de um objecto |
GB9810126D0 (de) * | 1998-05-13 | 1998-07-08 | Glaxo Group Ltd | |
GB9809933D0 (en) | 1998-05-08 | 1998-07-08 | Cambridge Consultants | Drug delivery device |
DE69835035T2 (de) | 1998-07-01 | 2007-01-11 | Jr. F. Dewitt Las Vegas Reed | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verabreichen flüchtiger Substanzen in einen Inhalationsströmungsweg |
GB2340758A (en) | 1998-08-21 | 2000-03-01 | Bespak Plc | Drug dispensing system |
JP2000217917A (ja) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-08 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 吸入式投薬器 |
DE60038511T2 (de) | 1999-07-23 | 2009-04-30 | Mannkind Corp., Valencia | Einzelportionskapseln für einen Trockenpulverinhalator |
GB9920839D0 (en) | 1999-09-04 | 1999-11-10 | Innovata Biomed Ltd | Inhaler |
SE9903824D0 (sv) | 1999-10-22 | 1999-10-22 | Medifront Ab | Anordning för avgivning av multipla doser för pulverinhalatorer och motsvarande avgivningsförfarande |
ES2254242T3 (es) | 1999-10-22 | 2006-06-16 | Innovata Biomed Limited | Unidad de dosificacion para medicamento en polvo seco. |
US6503084B2 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2003-01-07 | Dentsply Detrey G.M.B.H. | Method for dispensing dental materials |
WO2002013897A2 (en) | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-21 | Advanced Inhalation Research, Inc. | Inhalation device and method |
US6357490B1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-03-19 | Advanced Inhalation Research, Inc. | System, method and apparatus for filling containers |
US6595210B2 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2003-07-22 | Unisia Jecs Corporation | Inhalator for administering powder composition |
DE60120105D1 (de) | 2001-03-28 | 2006-07-06 | Pera Ivo E | Stiftförmige Inhalationsvorrichtung zur Abgabe von pulverförmigen Medikamenten in den Atmungstrakt |
GB0112888D0 (en) | 2001-05-26 | 2001-07-18 | Innovata Biomed Ltd | Device |
GB0113881D0 (en) | 2001-06-07 | 2001-08-01 | Innovate Biomed Ltd | Foil cutting system |
US7093595B2 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2006-08-22 | Eli Lilly And Company | Portable medication inhalation kit |
GB0125134D0 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2001-12-12 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Medicament dispenser |
CA2465266C (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2009-10-06 | Raul Goldemann | Inhalation device for dry powder controlled by inspiration |
US6684917B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-02-03 | The University Of Western Ontario | Apparatus for volumetric metering of small quantity of powder from fluidized beds |
GB0201677D0 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2002-03-13 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Medicament dispenser |
US6708884B1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method and apparatus for rapid and precision detection of omnidirectional postnet barcode location |
GB0227128D0 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2002-12-24 | Glaxo Group Ltd | A capsule |
-
2002
- 2002-11-20 GB GBGB0227128.6A patent/GB0227128D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-11-18 AT AT03795835T patent/ATE389431T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-11-18 WO PCT/EP2003/013074 patent/WO2004045688A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-11-18 JP JP2004552695A patent/JP2006506144A/ja active Pending
- 2003-11-18 ES ES08152808.5T patent/ES2659540T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-18 AU AU2003298133A patent/AU2003298133A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-18 EP EP03795835A patent/EP1562662B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-18 US US10/535,453 patent/US7713518B2/en active Active
- 2003-11-18 DE DE60319864T patent/DE60319864T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-18 EP EP08152808.5A patent/EP1930041B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-03-26 US US12/732,519 patent/US8668928B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60319864T2 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
US8668928B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 |
WO2004045688A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
US20060062740A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
JP2006506144A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
EP1930041A2 (de) | 2008-06-11 |
GB0227128D0 (en) | 2002-12-24 |
EP1930041A3 (de) | 2008-08-20 |
ES2659540T3 (es) | 2018-03-16 |
US20100175698A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
EP1562662B1 (de) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1930041B1 (de) | 2017-12-20 |
AU2003298133A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
EP1562662A1 (de) | 2005-08-17 |
DE60319864D1 (de) | 2008-04-30 |
US7713518B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ATE389431T1 (de) | Verfahren zum bereitstellen einer kapsel mit einem pulverarzneimittel | |
WO2006055507A3 (en) | Multiple chamber bottle and method of filling and assembling same | |
WO2006041584A3 (en) | Breachable seal | |
DE602004029954D1 (de) | Verschluss mit einer Kapsel, die eine Substanz zum Hinzugeben zum Inhalt eines Behälters enthält, und entsprechender Behälter | |
EG24884A (en) | Multiple-chamber medical container and bag for enclosing same | |
CO5720985A2 (es) | Envases sellados y metodos para su fabricacion y llenado | |
ATE73073T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum formen, fuellen und siegeln fuer die automatische herstellung von gesiegelten verpackungen. | |
JP2006506144A5 (de) | ||
EP1914079A3 (de) | Techniken zur Verbesserung der Drucksensorschlagbeständigkeit in Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Vorrichtungen | |
NO20021276D0 (no) | Elektronisk flerbruksforsegling med passiv transponder | |
ATE421469T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum lagern und ausgeben einer fliesfähigen substanz | |
ATE384499T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum verpacken, mischen und applizieren von knochenzement | |
DE602005012388D1 (de) | Herstellung und anordnung zur herstellung von zubereitungen | |
ATE480464T1 (de) | Verpackung mit verschlussdeckel und verfahren zum füllen der verpackung | |
EP1430923A3 (de) | Verschlusseinrichtung | |
SE0300990D0 (sv) | Anordning och metod för sterilisering, fyllning och försegling av en förpackning | |
BRPI0410474A (pt) | recipiente solúvel em água | |
DE50307603D1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Aufnehmen und Vakuumabdichten eines Behältnisses mit einer Öffnung | |
ATE553037T1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum versiegeln einer packung | |
DE50104890D1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum lagern und mischen pastöser massen | |
ATE380149T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum öffnen und schliessen einer hermetisch verschlossenen verpackung | |
ATE392913T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum injizieren eines staub- oder pulverförmigen stoffs in ein gewebe eines körpers | |
DE602004008670D1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum ergreifen eines flexiblen behälters | |
DE602006014247D1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Ablösen einer Umhüllung von einem Gegenstand | |
NO994296L (no) | Orienteringsanordning for en orienteringsfölsom lukkeanordning |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |