AR061965A1 - Utilizacion de compuestos reveladores de la eficacia de aditivos de filtrabilidad en destilados de hidrocarburos, y composicion sinergica que los contiene - Google Patents

Utilizacion de compuestos reveladores de la eficacia de aditivos de filtrabilidad en destilados de hidrocarburos, y composicion sinergica que los contiene

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Publication number
AR061965A1
AR061965A1 ARP070103024A ARP070103024A AR061965A1 AR 061965 A1 AR061965 A1 AR 061965A1 AR P070103024 A ARP070103024 A AR P070103024A AR P070103024 A ARP070103024 A AR P070103024A AR 061965 A1 AR061965 A1 AR 061965A1
Authority
AR
Argentina
Prior art keywords
additives
carbon atoms
effectiveness
filtrability
composition containing
Prior art date
Application number
ARP070103024A
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Total France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total France filed Critical Total France
Publication of AR061965A1 publication Critical patent/AR061965A1/es

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C10L10/16—Pour-point depressants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/14—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving storage or transport of the fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/04—Additive or component is a polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Utilización en un destilado de hidrocarburo de temperatura de ebullición comprendida entre 150 y 450°C y de temperatura de cristalización inicial medida por Análisis Calorimétrico Diferencial superior o igual a -5°C preferentemente de -5°C a +10°C de un homopolímero obtenido a partir de un éster olefínico de un ácido carboxílico de 3 a 12 átomos de carbono y de un alcohol graso que comprende una cadena de más de 16 átomos de carbono y eventualmente un enlace doble olefínico, como compuesto para revelar la eficacia de los aditivos de filtrabilidad a base de copolímeros y/o terc-polímeros de etileno y de un éster vinílico de un ácido carboxílico de 3 a 12 átomos de carbono y de un monoalcohol que comprende 1 ó 10 átomos de carbono. La presente se refiere también a una composición de aditivo que comprende un aditivo clásico de filtrabilidad de hidrocarburos en combinación con un revelador de eficacia así como los combustibles, carburantes y fuel que comprenden estas combinaciones de aditivos.
ARP070103024A 2006-07-10 2007-07-06 Utilizacion de compuestos reveladores de la eficacia de aditivos de filtrabilidad en destilados de hidrocarburos, y composicion sinergica que los contiene AR061965A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0606254A FR2903418B1 (fr) 2006-07-10 2006-07-10 Utilisation de composes revelateurs d'efficacite des additifs de filtrabilite dans des distillats hydrocarbones, et composition synergique les contenant.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AR061965A1 true AR061965A1 (es) 2008-08-10

Family

ID=37726520

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP070103024A AR061965A1 (es) 2006-07-10 2007-07-06 Utilizacion de compuestos reveladores de la eficacia de aditivos de filtrabilidad en destilados de hidrocarburos, y composicion sinergica que los contiene

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (3) US9481845B2 (es)
EP (2) EP3399009A1 (es)
JP (2) JP2009542887A (es)
KR (2) KR101606056B1 (es)
CN (1) CN101511974B (es)
AR (1) AR061965A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0714136B8 (es)
CA (1) CA2657341C (es)
EA (1) EA019894B1 (es)
FR (1) FR2903418B1 (es)
IL (1) IL196430A (es)
NO (1) NO20090589L (es)
UA (1) UA94957C2 (es)
UY (1) UY30474A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2008006965A2 (es)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2925909B1 (fr) * 2007-12-26 2010-09-17 Total France Additifs bifonctionnels pour hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par greffage a partir de copolymeres d'ethylene et/ou de propylene et d'esters vinyliques
FR2925916B1 (fr) * 2007-12-28 2010-11-12 Total France Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles
FR2943678B1 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2011-06-03 Total Raffinage Marketing Polymeres (meth)acryliques de bas poids moleculaire, exempts de composes soufres,metalliques et halogenes et de taux de monomeres residuels faible,leur procede de preparation et leurs utilisations
ATE547472T1 (de) 2009-09-25 2012-03-15 Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh Zusammensetzung zur verbesserung der kaltflusseigenschaften von brennstoffölen
ITMI20132043A1 (it) 2013-12-06 2015-06-07 Eni Spa Composizioni a base di copolimeri etilene-vinilacetato e loro impiego come additivi anti-gelificazione di greggi petroliferi paraffinici
EP3056527A1 (fr) 2015-02-11 2016-08-17 Total Marketing Services Copolymeres a blocs et leur utilisation pour ameliorer les proprietes a froid de carburants ou combustibles
EP3056526A1 (fr) 2015-02-11 2016-08-17 Total Marketing Services Copolymeres a blocs et leur utilisation pour ameliorer les proprietes a froid de carburants ou combustibles
FR3054240B1 (fr) 2016-07-21 2018-08-17 Total Marketing Services Utilisation de copolymeres pour ameliorer les proprietes a froid de carburants ou combustibles
FR3075813B1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2021-06-18 Total Marketing Services Utilisation de polymeres reticules pour ameliorer les proprietes a froid de carburants ou combustibles
FR3085384B1 (fr) 2018-08-28 2021-05-28 Total Marketing Services Utilisation de copolymeres specifiques pour ameliorer les proprietes a froid de carburants ou combustibles
FR3085383B1 (fr) 2018-08-28 2020-07-31 Total Marketing Services Composition d'additifs comprenant au moins un copolymere, un additif fluidifiant a froid et un additif anti-sedimentation
FR3101882B1 (fr) 2019-10-14 2022-03-18 Total Marketing Services Utilisation de polymères cationiques particuliers comme additifs pour carburants et combustibles

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US3048479A (en) * 1959-08-03 1962-08-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Ethylene-vinyl ester pour depressant for middle distillates
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CH546715A (de) * 1971-03-01 1974-03-15 Shell Int Research Rohoel, kraft- oder brennstoffhaltiges gemisch.
US4175926A (en) * 1974-09-18 1979-11-27 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Polymer combination useful in fuel oil to improve cold flow properties
US4153422A (en) * 1975-04-07 1979-05-08 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties
US4261703A (en) * 1978-05-25 1981-04-14 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Additive combinations and fuels containing them
CA1339640C (en) * 1987-07-28 1998-01-27 Tadayuki Ohmae Flow-improved fuel oil composition
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JPH10245574A (ja) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-14 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd 燃料油用流動性改良添加剤および燃料油
JPH10265787A (ja) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-06 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd 燃料油用低温流動性向上剤および燃料油
EP1391498B1 (en) * 2001-05-08 2016-09-07 Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. Fluidity improver and fuel oil composition
ES2399626T3 (es) * 2002-07-09 2013-04-02 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Agente mejorador de la fluidez en frío para aceites combustibles de procedencia vegetal o animal
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20090589L (no) 2009-04-08
CN101511974A (zh) 2009-08-19
BRPI0714136A2 (pt) 2012-12-25
US9481845B2 (en) 2016-11-01
WO2008006965A3 (fr) 2008-02-28
EP2049625A2 (fr) 2009-04-22
JP2009542887A (ja) 2009-12-03
KR101535507B1 (ko) 2015-07-09
IL196430A0 (en) 2009-09-22
US20170037332A1 (en) 2017-02-09
UY30474A1 (es) 2008-09-02
CA2657341C (en) 2014-10-28
EP2049625B1 (fr) 2018-07-04
BRPI0714136B8 (pt) 2019-08-13
US20100058653A1 (en) 2010-03-11
IL196430A (en) 2013-02-28
EA200970105A1 (ru) 2009-06-30
UA94957C2 (ru) 2011-06-25
BRPI0714136B1 (pt) 2018-12-11
CA2657341A1 (en) 2008-01-17
EP3399009A1 (fr) 2018-11-07
FR2903418B1 (fr) 2012-09-28
KR20150011006A (ko) 2015-01-29
WO2008006965A2 (fr) 2008-01-17
CN101511974B (zh) 2013-10-09
FR2903418A1 (fr) 2008-01-11
EA019894B1 (ru) 2014-07-30
JP2013076093A (ja) 2013-04-25
US20170002283A1 (en) 2017-01-05
KR101606056B1 (ko) 2016-03-24
KR20090045232A (ko) 2009-05-07
JP5386045B2 (ja) 2014-01-15

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