CN102469943A - 用于测量脉管内流动和压力的设备、系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于测量脉管内流动和压力的设备、系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102469943A
CN102469943A CN2010800314850A CN201080031485A CN102469943A CN 102469943 A CN102469943 A CN 102469943A CN 2010800314850 A CN2010800314850 A CN 2010800314850A CN 201080031485 A CN201080031485 A CN 201080031485A CN 102469943 A CN102469943 A CN 102469943A
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吉列尔莫·J·蒂尔尼
梅利莎·苏特
布雷特·E·鲍马
法鲁克·A·加法尔
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General Hospital Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate

Abstract

可提供设备、系统和方法的示例性实施方案，以测量解剖学结构内的流体流。例如，可以使用至少一个第一探针装置，其构建为可插入脉管中并配置为将至少一个辐射导向至所述解剖学结构的至少一个部分。此外，可以提供至少一个第二装置，其配置为检测第一辐射和第二辐射之间的干涉，所述第一辐射由所述流体通过所述探针装置而提供，所述第二辐射作为其波长的函数由参比路径提供。此外，还可以提供至少一个第三装置，其配置为确定作为所述干涉之函数的所述流体的至少一个特性。

Description

用于测量脉管内流动和压力的设备、系统和方法
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于并要求2009年7月14日提交的美国申请No.61/225,418的优先权权益，该美国申请通过引用全文并入本文。
技术领域
本公开的示例性实施方案一般涉及测量设备、系统和方法，更具体而言，涉及用于测量脉管内流动和压力的设备、系统和方法。
背景技术
介入心脏病学家利用超声多普勒导线测量冠状动脉内血流来评价冠状动脉功能和引导经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronaryintervention，PCI)。然而，多普勒超声需要分开的独立仪器，并且因为多普勒信号取决于传感器尖端的取向而难以使用。光学相干断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography，“OCT”)，包括傅里叶域OCT(包括但不限于光学频域成像(Optical Frequency Domain Imaging，OFDI)、扫射源光学相干断层扫描(Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography，SS-OCT)和光谱域光学相干断层扫描(Spectral-Domain OpticalCoherence Tomography，SD-OCT)——其中一些描述在2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148(其在2005年5月26日作为国际专利申请公开号WO 2005/047813公开)、2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请No.11/266,779(其在2006年5月4日作为美国专利公开号No.2006/0093276公开)和2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请No.10/501,276(其在2005年1月27日作为美国专利公开号No.2005/0018201公开)以及2002年5月9日公开的美国专利申请公开号No.2002/0122246中，使用低相关干涉测量或光学频域干涉测量来测量作为深度函数的散射。OCT及其衍生方法是基于光纤导管的成像技术，其使用低相关干涉测量来使冠状动脉的显微结构可视化。
如果可以利用OCT系统和导管来测量冠状动脉内的血流，则可以容易、快速地进行成像和功能性灌注测量，并且除OCT设备和导管外没有额外的成本。
之前，已经描述了使用血管内OCT设备来测量脉管内流动的另一种构思——参见X.Li等人的“Intraluminal fiber-optic Doppler imagingcatheter for structural and functional optical coherence tomography，”OptLett，26(23)，1906-8(2001)。然而，在该公开中描述的该方法使用了OCT信号的相处理来确定返回光的多普勒迁移。这种现有方法受限于指向性(directionality)因素(其也可能限制超声)，而且更难以在OCT系统中实施。
因此，解决和/或克服上文所述的现有技术中方法、程序和/或系统的至少部分缺陷可以是有益的。
本公开的示例性实施方案的目的和概述
因此，本发明的一个目的是降低或解决这类现有技术中方法、程序和系统的缺陷和/或局限性。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施方案，另一目的是提供一种OCT导管/装置/设备，其可构建或配置为获取成像窗口远端和/或近端的流信息。根据本公开又一示例性实施方案的另一目的，可提供能够在动脉内的一个或更多个位置处同时测量流的导线。本公开的另一示例性实施方案的又一目的是提供一种将流信息转化成声音的装置、设备和/或方法。本公开的又一示例性实施方案的另一目的是利用通过OCT或其它结构成像法(如IVUS)获得的流和结构信息来确定冠状动脉内的压力。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施方案的又一目的，可以通过例如将从脉管内其它部分获得的测量值外推来获得或确定与脉管内流体的性质相关的信息。本公开的又一示例性实施方案的又一目的是将得自OCT的流信息转变成音频波形。此外，本公开的又一示例性实施方案的另一目的是将OCT流和压力信息转变成衍生的临床参数冠状动脉血流储备(coronaryflow reserve，CFR)、分流储备(Fractional Flow Reserve，FFR)、平均峰速(Average Peak Velocity，AVP)和本领域普通技术人员已知的其它计量值。
此外，根据本公开的一个示例性实施方案，可以提供一种示例性关联程序、系统和设备，所述关联程序、系统和设备例如可具有降低的或最小的指向性局限，并且可以(例如，部分或全部)经过软件步骤或软件程序来实施。
例如，在本公开的一个特定示例性实施方案中，可以使用可配置为例如插入冠状动脉中的现有的OCT装置、系统和/或设备来获得与动脉内血液流相关的信息。
相应地，可以提供设备、系统和方法的示例性实施方案来测量解剖学结构内的流体流。例如，可以使用至少一个第一探针装置，其构建为可插入脉管中并配置为将至少一种辐射导向至所述解剖学结构之至少一个部分。此外，可以提供至少一个第二装置，其配置为检测第一辐射和第二辐射之间的干涉，所述第一辐射由所述流体通过所述探针装置而提供，所述第二辐射作为其波长的函数由参比路径提供。此外，可以提供至少一个第三装置，其配置为确定作为所述干涉之函数的所述流体的至少一个特性。所述第三步骤可以确定作为所述干涉之强度的函数的一个或多个特性。
例如，所述特性可以包含特定参数，所述特定参数包括所述脉管内所述流体的流量、粘度、密度、速度、冠状动脉血流储备、分流储备、冠状动脉血流速度储备、平均峰速、最大峰速、平均速度和/或压力。所述特性可包含所述特定参数的多维分布。所述第三装置可以在所述脉管内的多个纵向位置处确定所述一个或多个特性。所述第三装置可以在狭窄或堵塞的至少一个近端或远端处确定所述一个或多个特性。所述第三装置还可以配置为确定所述脉管壁的性质和/或几何形状。所述壁的性质可以为所述壁的内腔轮廓或生物力学性能，或者所述壁的组织特性。所述第三装置可以确定所述脉管壁的至少一个特性。所述第一探针装置可以包括导管、导线和/或鞘。所述流体可以包括血液、透明介质和/或其组合。所述流体可以包括血液、透明介质和/或其组合。所述第一辐射或所述第二辐射中至少之一的波长可以随时间变化。所述第二装置可以包括至少一个检测器阵列，所述每个检测器配置为检查所述干涉的各自波段。所述第三装置利用关联程序确定所述特性。所述第三装置可以确定作为由所测量流体与所述至少一个第一探针装置之距离的函数的所述特性。
根据另一示例性实施方案，所述第三配置还可以配置为外推所述流体的其它特性，其中所述流体不是基于与所述脉管壁的性质有关的至少一个特性和信息来测量的。所述特性可以是所述脉管内所述流体的压力，并且所述第三装置可以确定作为所述脉管壁之性质的函数的压力。所述第三装置可以通过分析与所述流体相关的图像的斑点图案来确定所述特性。所述第三装置还可以配置为利用所述干涉来确定所述脉管壁的至少一个三维信息。所述第一探针装置可以配置为在所述设备的操作期间固定。所述第三装置可以确定作为时间函数的所述特性，和/或与其它生理测量同时确定所述特性。
所述其它生理测量可以为EKG、心率、收缩压或舒张压、最大流量、最小流量、动脉压和/或压力测量。所述第三装置在施用药剂之前和/或之后确定所述特性。所述第一探针装置可以将所述辐射沿大致垂直于所述至少一个第一探针装置的延伸方向的轴导向至所述部分。所述第三装置可以基于所述特性产生声音。所述第一探针装置的位置可以基于所述声音。所述第三装置可以基于所述脉管内的压力产生所述分流储备。可以提供一个额外的装置以用于测量压力。所述额外装置可以配置为基于通过所述导管传输的电磁辐射产生压力信息。所述额外装置可以包括法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)和/或光纤光栅传感器。本发明的另一目的是指导医生进行PCI并且还评估PCI的成功性(以与FFR类似的方式)。
在阅读对本公开示例性实施方案的以下详细说明并结合附图后，本公开的示例性实施方案的这些和其它目的、特征和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
结合表明本公开示例性实施方案的附图，通过以下详细说明，本公开的其它目的、特征和优点将变得明显，其中：
图1A是根据本公开的OCT导管设备、系统和/或装置的一个示例性实施方案的示意图；
图1B是利用图1A中所示的示例性OCT导管设备获得的示例性横截面图像；
图2是根据本公开的一个示例性实施方案利用从活猪的冠状动脉获得的OFDI数据产生的图像的一组侧视图；
图3是代表根据本公开的一个示例性处理方法/程序从图2B中的数据获得的，作为与示例性OFDI导管之距离的函数和作为时间函数的流的示例性图像；
图4A是代表作为时间函数的流分布的一个示例性图像，其获自与根据本公开的示例性处理方法的图3中显示的实例有关的数据(S＝收缩，D＝舒张)；
图4B是得自作为时间函数的流分布的音频迹线的一个示例性图像，其与图4A的图(根据本公开的一个示例性实施方案)相关；
图5是代表峰流速的一个示例性图，所述峰流速得自根据本公开一个示例性实施方案的靠近导管设备/装置/系统的测量数据的流速信息的一个示例性外推；
图6A是根据本公开的系统和/或装置的一个示例性实施方案的示意图的侧视图，其包括用于测量腔内压力的额外设备；和
图6B是图6A的系统和/或装置的示意图的放大侧视图。
在所有的图中，除非另有说明，否则相同的附图标记和字符都用来表明所示出实施方案的相同特征、要素、组件或部分。而且，虽然下面将参考附图详细描述本公开，但是所述描述是结合示例性实施方案进行的。应理解，还可以对所描述的示例性实施方案做出变化和修改，而不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本公开的真是范围和精神。
示例性实施方案的详细说明
OCT导管、系统和/或装置的一个示例性实施方案的示意图在图1A中示出。例如，图1A举例说明了下述的示例性OCT导管、系统和/或装置：其包括可在多个示例性导管设计和/或配置中使用的某些示例性机械元件和/或光学元件。具体而言，如图1A所示，所述示例性OCT导管、系统和/或装置可包括内芯100，所述内芯可以容纳与OCT系统、设备或装置50连接的至少一个光纤装置75(例如，可包括一个或更多个光纤的光纤结构)，所示OCT系统、设备或装置50可包括在其远端的处理器和存储介质(例如，硬盘驱动器、CD-ROM、软盘驱动器、存储棒、其组合等)，并且可以将光聚集并重新定向于其远端110处。
如图1A所示，至少一个内芯或缆线105可以沿任意方向(例如，沿装置75的方向)转动和/或平动，以通过导向解剖学样品或结构的光束110经由远端光学部件115提供一维或二维扫描。缆线105的内芯可以封闭在可容置导线的透明鞘120中。所述内芯或缆线105和/或整个示例性OCT导管、系统和/或装置可以横向转动和/或平动，并且提供来自动脉壁的示例性二维图像130(在图1B中显示为横截面图像)或三维图像形式的示例性结构信息，所述结构信息可以通过用盐水或放射显影剂冲洗以将血液从视野除去或稀释血液以获得清晰的动脉壁图像来获取。
本公开的一个示例性实施方案可以提供示例性的系统和/或方法，以使用现有的OCT导管来获得流信息。在一些优选的实施方案中，允许血液或一些其它散射物质自由流过动脉。在所述优选的实施方案中，不控制OCT导管的移动，并且光学部件在鞘内保持固定。OCT导管的光学部件还优选取向为使其测量来自脉管内腔流体和脉管壁中的至少一种的信号。散射体的运动可以利用OCT导管来测量，从而提供作为深度和时间之函数的散射体运动的记录(图2)。图2描述了这样的两个提供尺寸信息的示例性图像，其中x轴205代表时间，y轴207代表与导管的距离。因为散射体具有有限的宽度，例如红细胞的尺寸约为8μm，所以如果散射体快速移动210和240，则由散射体返回的信号仅保持相对少的时间210，而如果散射体缓慢移动，则由散射体返回的信号保持相对长的时间220和230。这种信息可以根据本公开的示例性关联方法(例如空间和时间自相关中的至少一种)进行处理，以获得作为与导管光学部件之距离的函数以及作为时间函数的流的信息。
下面描述根据本发明用于由OCT数据获取流信息的处理方法的一个示例性实施方案。在根据本公开的该示例性实施方案中，可以使用示例性的斑点解相关法(speckle decorrelation method)来测量流动，因为其(与多普勒不同)对于导管位置相对不敏感，并且不需要修改OCT系统硬件或导管。在该示例性实施方案中，对每个深度位置和所有时间，均可计算沿时间的窗口化(2.5毫秒)自相关。识别自相关主峰之外的第一零交叉。在每个时间和深度点处可由自相关峰(直至第一零交叉)计算与流速有相关性的时间常数(指数拟合)。或者，可以通过确定峰的宽度或峰的高度来获得流信息。在另一实施方案中，自相关可以利用多指数、多项式、高斯或洛伦兹函数或在本领域中已知用于峰拟合的其它函数来拟合。在2D图像300中，流信息(时间常数倒数)作为深度320和时间310的函数来绘制，其中图像的光亮度是时间常数330的倒数。然后对每个时间点计算示例性流分布(时间常数PDF)以提供与作为时间和深度400(例如见图4A)至少之一的函数的流信息所对应的图像400。在图4A中，流分布400也可以绘制为靠近EKG 410，所述EKG 410与OCT同时获得。或者，可以与示例性压力信息至少同步获得并绘制流信息。为了比较，还显示出超声多普勒流速分布图像405。在一个实施方案中，通过在频率空间中提供PDF、转化成音频和进行傅里叶逆变换，将流分布转化成音频波形420，如图4B所示。音频波形可用于确定导管光学部件处于正确位置并且指向朝向动脉腔的方向而非动脉壁的方向。音频波形也可用于证实合适的流信号。
在另一实施方案中，可以在OCT导管的透明鞘内提供一个或更多个额外装置。示例性装置可以容纳设计为测量OCT导管的成像窗附近、远处或内部的LCI或OFDR(也称为M模式OFDI数据)数据。以该方式，可以获得距离成像窗远处的流信息，这对于获得参考段内的流可以是有利的。在另一实施方案中，可以在导线内提供光学波导并在具有或没有OCT成像的情况下操作。在又一实施方案中，所述处理方法包括用于获得结构信息和流信息并利用流、结构和压力之间的理论关系来组合该信息以确定脉管内压力的方法。在另一实施方案中，由PDF确定包络峰流(peak flowenvelope)。在又一实施方案中，流信息作为在比问诊部位较少患病的参考脉管中相对于狭窄的几个不同位置处沿脉管的纵向位置的函数而获得，或者结合施用诱发充血的药剂来获得。在另一实施方案中，利用本领域已知的方法，将所述流信息转化成其它度量，如冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)、冠状动脉流速储备(CVR)或相对CVR(rCVR)。在又一实施方案中，利用本领域已知的方法将压力信息转化成分流储备(FFR)信息。
因为光透过血液的渗透深度可能不允许测量脉管内所有位置处的深度依赖性流信息，所以另一实施方案包括至少部分稀释血液以便可以测量脉管内的整体流分布或最大流速的设备。
在又一实施方案中，利用有关脉管的几何学构造的知识来从流速信息获得冠脉血流。在另一实施方案中，可以在邻近导管处在OFDI或SD-OCT光的渗透深度内获取流速信息，或者也利用采用OFDI或SD-OCT光的血管内成像或者通过其它成像装置(如本领域已知的血管造影术、CT或IVUS)来获得有关血管壁的结构信息。在与区域流信息的示例性组合中，利用流方程或流体动力学建模方程(如Navier-Stokes方程)，可使用结构信息来外推脉管中至少一个其它位置周围的流信息或作为整个脉管内的流分布(即平均流、峰流)的综合结果。这种测量的一个示例性实例在图5的示例性图中示出，其中从由导管附近获得的M模式OFDI数据计算的流速信息获得了平均流量。利用包括管腔轮廓尺寸在内的动脉几何信息(利用脉管影像的管腔直径特性的OFDI测量获得)，将流速信息拟合成Navier-Stokes方程。使用流速信息来外推脉管影像结构内其它地方的流速。得自实验和计算510的这些值可以利用层流的前提转化成绝对流速，并与已知的流速520相比较，从而证实具有高度关联性的线性关系530。
在本公开的另一示例性实施方案中，脉管几何学信息可以作为时间函数来测量，以利用本领域已知的几何学方法获得生物力学信息(如剪切应力)，并且流速信息可以作为生物力学信息、空间位置和时间中至少之一的函数来测量。在又一实施方案中，可将流信息与有关脉管壁的几何信息联合使用以获得管腔内压力测量。在又一实施方案中，如图6A所示，用于从动脉壁610获得信息的示例性OFDI导管600可以容纳有助于测量管腔内压力的额外设备620。该示例性设备可容纳光纤621压力传感器623，所述传感器通过光学方法(如通过检测隔光器625的前面627和后面624之间的干涉(其受压力626影响并且改变隔光器628的面之间的距离)来获得压力626测量，所述传感器例如为法布里-珀罗传感器等。在又一实施方案中，该光学传感器使用与成像或流速度量电磁辐射相同或类似的电磁辐射源。
前文仅举例说明了本发明的原理。鉴于本文的教导，对所述实施方案的多种修改和变化对本领域技术人员而言将变得明显。实际上，根据本公开的示例性实施方案的装置、系统和方法可以用于和/或实施以下任何系统：OCT系统、OFDI系统、SD-OCT系统或其它成像系统，例如在2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148(其在2005年5月26日作为国际专利申请公开号WO 2005/047813公开)、2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请No.11/266,779(其在2006年5月4日作为美国专利公开号No.2006/0093276公开)和2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请No.10/501,276(其在2005年1月27日作为美国专利公开号No.2005/0018201公开)以及2002年5月9日公开的美国专利申请公开号2002/0122246中描述的那些；这些的公开内容均通过引用全文并入本文。因此，应当理解，本领域技术人员将能够设计实现本发明原理的多种系统、装置和方法(尽管其未在本文中明确显示或描述)，体现本发明的原理并且因此也在本公开的精神和范围内。此外，对尚未通过引用明确并入本文的现有技术知识而言，其明确通过引用全文并入本文。上述引用的所有公开出版物均通过引用全文并入本文。

Claims (33)

1.一种测量解剖学结构内流体流的设备，包括：
至少一个第一探针装置，其构建为可插入脉管中并配置为将至少一种辐射导向至所述解剖学结构的至少一个部分；
至少一个第二装置，其配置为检测第一辐射和第二辐射之间的干涉，所述第一辐射由所述流体通过所述探针装置而提供，所述第二辐射作为其波长的函数由参比路径提供；和
至少一个第三装置，其配置为确定作为所述干涉之函数的所述流体的至少一个特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置确定作为所述干涉之强度的函数的至少一个特性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个特性包含特定参数，所述特定参数包括所述脉管内的所述流体的流量、粘度、密度、速度、冠状动脉血流储备、分流储备、冠状动脉血流速度储备、平均峰速、最大峰速、平均值、峰速或压力中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中所述至少一个特性包含所述特定参数的多维分布。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置在所述脉管内的多个纵向位置处确定所述至少一个特性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置在狭窄、堵塞或有支架部分的至少一个近端或远端处确定所述至少一个特性。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置还配置为确定所述脉管壁的至少一个性质或几何形状。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述壁的性质为所述壁的内腔轮廓或生物力学性能，或者所述壁的组织特性。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置确定所述脉管壁的至少一个特性。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第一探针装置包括导管、导线或鞘中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述流体包括血液、透明介质或其组合中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述流体包括血液、透明介质或其组合中的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第一辐射或所述第二辐射中至少之一的波长随时间变化。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第二装置包括至少一个检测器阵列，每个检测器配置为检测所述干涉的分开的波段。
15.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置利用关联程序确定所述至少一个特性。
16.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置确定作为测量的所述流体与所述至少一个第一探针装置之距离函数的所述至少一个特性。
17.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置还配置为外推所述流体的其它特性，其中所述流体不是基于与所述脉管壁的性质有关的至少一个特性和信息来测量的。
18.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个特性是所述脉管内所述流体的压力，并且其中所述至少一个第三装置确定作为所述脉管壁性质之函数的压力。
19.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置通过分析与所述流体相关之图像的斑点图案来确定所述至少一个特性。
20.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置还配置为利用所述干涉来确定所述脉管壁的至少一个三维信息。
21.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第一探针装置配置为在所述设备的操作期间固定。
22.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置确定作为时间函数的所述至少一个特性。
23.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置与其它生理测量同时确定所述至少一个特性。
24.根据权利要求23所述的设备，其中所述其它生理测量为EKG、心率、收缩压或舒张压、最大流量、最小流量、动脉压或压力测量中的至少之一。
25.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置在施用药剂之前或之后中至少其一来确定所述至少一个特性。
26.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第一探针装置将所述至少一个辐射沿大致垂直于所述至少一个第一探针装置的延伸方向的轴向上导向至所述至少一个部分。
27.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置基于所述至少一个特性产生声音。
28.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第一探针装置的位置基于所述声音。
29.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述至少一个第三装置基于所述脉管内的压力产生所述分流储备。
30.根据权利要求1所述的设备，还包括用于测量压力的其它装置。
31.根据权利要求30所述的设备，其中所述其它装置配置为基于通过所述导管传输的电磁辐射产生压力信息。
32.根据权利要求30所述的设备，其中所述其它装置包括法布里-珀罗或光纤光栅传感器中的至少一种。
33.一种测量解剖学结构内流体流的方法，包括：
检测第一辐射和第二辐射之间的干涉，所述第一辐射由所述流体通过至少一个第一探针装置来提供，所述第二辐射作为其波长的函数由参比路径提供，其中所述至少一个第一探针插入脉管中并配置为将至少一个辐射导向至所述解剖学结构的至少一个部分；和
利用所述干涉确定所述流体的至少一个特性。
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