ZA200207150B - Novel method for synthesis of N-[(S)-1-carboxybutyl]-(S)-alanine esters and use in synthesis of perindopril. - Google Patents
Novel method for synthesis of N-[(S)-1-carboxybutyl]-(S)-alanine esters and use in synthesis of perindopril. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200207150B ZA200207150B ZA200207150A ZA200207150A ZA200207150B ZA 200207150 B ZA200207150 B ZA 200207150B ZA 200207150 A ZA200207150 A ZA 200207150A ZA 200207150 A ZA200207150 A ZA 200207150A ZA 200207150 B ZA200207150 B ZA 200207150B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- synthesis
- compound
- perindopril
- process according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N perindopril Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2C[C@@H](C(O)=O)N(C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)OCC)[C@H]21 IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229960002582 perindopril Drugs 0.000 title claims description 7
- AMDDRMIFTJHJGD-WDSKDSINSA-N (2s)-2-[[(1s)-1-carboxyethyl]amino]pentanoic acid Chemical class CCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O AMDDRMIFTJHJGD-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium pyruvate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)C([O-])=O DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- AUVAVXHAOCLQBF-YUMQZZPRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-1-ethoxy-1-oxopentan-2-yl]azaniumyl]propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)OCC AUVAVXHAOCLQBF-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101800000734 Angiotensin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102400000344 Angiotensin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ORWYRWWVDCYOMK-HBZPZAIKSA-N angiotensin I Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ORWYRWWVDCYOMK-HBZPZAIKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000005862 Angiotensin II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101800004538 Bradykinin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102400000967 Bradykinin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N H-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-OH Natural products NC(N)=NCCCC(N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1C(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O)CCC1 QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N Ile(5)-angiotensin II Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])NC(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CC([O-])=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004270 Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000882 Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037849 arterial hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGYLYUIRSJSFJS-QMMMGPOBSA-N benzyl (2s)-2-aminopropanoate Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YGYLYUIRSJSFJS-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-FDISYFBBSA-N bradykinin Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)CCC1 QXZGBUJJYSLZLT-FDISYFBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPBOUPADTRCCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-aminopentanoate Chemical compound CCCC(N)C(=O)OCC DPBOUPADTRCCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YERWBBMSDMSDKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-oxopentanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)C(=O)OCC YERWBBMSDMSDKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D209/34—Oxygen atoms in position 2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/30—Preparation of optical isomers
- C07C227/32—Preparation of optical isomers by stereospecific synthesis
Landscapes
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0004112A FR2807037B1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | NOUVEAU PROCEDE DE SYNTHESE DES ESTERS DE LA N-[(s)-1- CARBOXYBUTYL]-(S)-ALANINE ET APPLICATION A LA SYNTHESE DU PERINDOPRIL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200207150B true ZA200207150B (en) | 2003-09-05 |
Family
ID=8848711
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200207150A ZA200207150B (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2002-09-05 | Novel method for synthesis of N-[(S)-1-carboxybutyl]-(S)-alanine esters and use in synthesis of perindopril. |
Country Status (36)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6818788B2 (et) |
| EP (1) | EP1268398B1 (et) |
| JP (1) | JP3930322B2 (et) |
| KR (1) | KR100498869B1 (et) |
| CN (1) | CN1171855C (et) |
| AP (1) | AP1483A (et) |
| AR (1) | AR027754A1 (et) |
| AT (1) | ATE297377T1 (et) |
| AU (2) | AU2001248433B2 (et) |
| BG (1) | BG65832B1 (et) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0109609B1 (et) |
| CA (1) | CA2404700C (et) |
| CZ (1) | CZ302840B6 (et) |
| DE (1) | DE60111364T2 (et) |
| DK (1) | DK1268398T3 (et) |
| EA (1) | EA004314B1 (et) |
| EE (1) | EE05079B1 (et) |
| ES (1) | ES2242743T3 (et) |
| FR (1) | FR2807037B1 (et) |
| GE (1) | GEP20063796B (et) |
| HK (1) | HK1053301A1 (et) |
| HR (1) | HRP20020860B1 (et) |
| HU (1) | HU229188B1 (et) |
| ME (1) | ME00437B (et) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02009378A (et) |
| NO (1) | NO328064B1 (et) |
| NZ (1) | NZ521324A (et) |
| OA (1) | OA12324A (et) |
| PL (1) | PL199714B1 (et) |
| PT (1) | PT1268398E (et) |
| RS (1) | RS50239B (et) |
| SI (1) | SI1268398T1 (et) |
| SK (1) | SK286851B6 (et) |
| UA (1) | UA73562C2 (et) |
| WO (1) | WO2001056353A2 (et) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200207150B (et) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2827860B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-24 | 2004-12-10 | Servier Lab | Nouveau procede de synthese de derives de l'acide (2s, 3as, 7as)-1-[(s)-alanyl]-octahydro-1h-indole-2-carboxyline et application a la synthese du perindopril |
| DE60321233D1 (de) | 2003-02-28 | 2008-07-03 | Servier S A Lab | Verfahren zur herstellung von perindopril |
| PT1362845E (pt) * | 2003-09-01 | 2009-11-05 | Servier Lab | Novo processo de síntese dos ésteres da n-((s)-1- carboxibutil)-(s)-alanina e aplicação à síntese do perindopril |
| SI1403278T1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-10-31 | Les Laboratoires Servier | Process for the synthesis of N-((S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)butyl)-(S)-alanine and use in the synthese of perindopril |
| ATE315046T1 (de) * | 2003-09-30 | 2006-02-15 | Servier Lab | Verfahren zur herstellung von n-((s)-1- (etoxycarbonyl)butyl)-(s)-alanin und verwendung in der synthese von perindopril |
| HUE031058T2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2017-06-28 | Servier Lab | A method of producing a solid pharmaceutical composition |
| GB2413128A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | Neopharma Ltd | Process for the preparation of perindopril |
| SI21800A (sl) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-31 | Krka, Tovarna Zdravil, D.D., Novo Mesto | Nov postopek sinteze perindoprila |
| WO2006006183A2 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-19 | Matrix Laboratories Ltd | An improved process for the preparation of n-[(s)-ethoxycarbonyl-l-butyl]-(s)-alanine |
| EP1792896A1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-06 | KRKA, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto | Process for the preparation of perindopril and salts thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4247716A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1981-01-27 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Process for producing pyruvic acid |
| FR2620699B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-17 | 1990-06-01 | Adir | Procede de synthese d'alpha amino acides n alkyles et de leurs esters. application a la synthese de carboxyalkyl dipeptides |
| FR2620709B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-17 | 1990-09-07 | Adir | Procede de synthese industrielle du perindopril et de ses principaux intermediaires de synthese |
| FR2807430B1 (fr) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-05-17 | Adir | Nouveau procede de synthese des esters de la n-[(s)-1- carboxybutyl]-(s)-alanine et application a la synthese du perindopril |
-
2000
- 2000-03-31 FR FR0004112A patent/FR2807037B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-20 PL PL346554A patent/PL199714B1/pl unknown
- 2001-03-30 CZ CZ20023235A patent/CZ302840B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 ES ES01921440T patent/ES2242743T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 AR ARP010101537 patent/AR027754A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-30 MX MXPA02009378A patent/MXPA02009378A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-30 SK SK1405-2002A patent/SK286851B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 NZ NZ521324A patent/NZ521324A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 SI SI200130380T patent/SI1268398T1/xx unknown
- 2001-03-30 GE GEAP20016674A patent/GEP20063796B/en unknown
- 2001-03-30 EE EEP200200553A patent/EE05079B1/et unknown
- 2001-03-30 CA CA 2404700 patent/CA2404700C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 PT PT01921440T patent/PT1268398E/pt unknown
- 2001-03-30 AT AT01921440T patent/ATE297377T1/de active
- 2001-03-30 US US10/221,973 patent/US6818788B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 DE DE2001611364 patent/DE60111364T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 CN CNB018074936A patent/CN1171855C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 KR KR10-2002-7012810A patent/KR100498869B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 DK DK01921440T patent/DK1268398T3/da active
- 2001-03-30 EA EA200201027A patent/EA004314B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 OA OA1200200303A patent/OA12324A/en unknown
- 2001-03-30 RS YUP73202 patent/RS50239B/sr unknown
- 2001-03-30 BR BRPI0109609-5A patent/BRPI0109609B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 AU AU2001248433A patent/AU2001248433B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-30 AP APAP/P/2002/002628A patent/AP1483A/en active
- 2001-03-30 ME MEP-2008-664A patent/ME00437B/me unknown
- 2001-03-30 EP EP20010921440 patent/EP1268398B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 HU HU0101335A patent/HU229188B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 JP JP2001556065A patent/JP3930322B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 WO PCT/FR2001/000959 patent/WO2001056353A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-30 UA UA2002108639A patent/UA73562C2/uk unknown
- 2001-03-30 AU AU4843301A patent/AU4843301A/xx active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-09-05 ZA ZA200207150A patent/ZA200207150B/en unknown
- 2002-09-26 NO NO20024616A patent/NO328064B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-30 BG BG107234A patent/BG65832B1/bg unknown
- 2002-10-31 HR HR20020860A patent/HRP20020860B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-08-01 HK HK03105541A patent/HK1053301A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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