WO2025201499A1 - 一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用

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Publication number
WO2025201499A1
WO2025201499A1 PCT/CN2025/085593 CN2025085593W WO2025201499A1 WO 2025201499 A1 WO2025201499 A1 WO 2025201499A1 CN 2025085593 W CN2025085593 W CN 2025085593W WO 2025201499 A1 WO2025201499 A1 WO 2025201499A1
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molecular weight
content
sturgeon
extract
polypeptides
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French (fr)
Inventor
戈钧
刘雨
徐丽君
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/06Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/18Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/60Fish, e.g. seahorses; Fish eggs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/07Tetrapeptides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/08Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/10Peptides having 12 to 20 amino acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/98Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/98Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
    • A61K8/987Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/08Anti-ageing preparations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/34Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1019Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being basic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1021Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being acidic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1024Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being heterocyclic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/08Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/52Stabilizers
    • A61K2800/522Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/805Corresponding aspects not provided for by any of codes A61K2800/81 - A61K2800/95
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/82Preparation or application process involves sonication or ultrasonication

Definitions

  • bioactive peptides such as antioxidant peptides
  • one is to extract various naturally active peptide substances inherent in organisms; the other is to obtain bioactive peptides with various physiological functions through enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • enzymatic hydrolysis is a complex process that may produce some unidentified products or be uncontrollable, making subsequent separation and purification more difficult and reducing the biosafety of the final product.
  • enzymatic hydrolysis is often limited by the enzyme's optimal hydrolysis temperature and pH, resulting in dependence on multiple equipment and high production costs.
  • Direct extraction methods use various separation and purification techniques to extract active peptides from organisms. Active peptides prepared using direct extraction methods are safe, reliable, cost-effective, and efficient because they avoid destroying the inherent active components of the organism.
  • CN103923963A discloses a method for preparing fish skin collagen and ACE inhibitory peptides. The process involves washing the fish skin and freezing and crushing it. The fish skin powder is enzymatically hydrolyzed and inactivated with metallopeptidase Protease A. The enzymatic solution is filtered to obtain a supernatant and a filter residue. The supernatant is concentrated and dried to obtain fish skin collagen. The obtained collagen is then enzymatically hydrolyzed and inactivated with A.S.1398 enzyme. The supernatant is cooled and centrifuged to obtain the ACE inhibitory peptide after concentration under reduced pressure and freeze-drying. This method uses two enzymes in combination.
  • the enzymatic hydrolysis time of Protease A is 3-7h, and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of A.S.1398 is 40-55°C. Therefore, the process relies on temperature control equipment and has a long preparation time. The preparation environment requirements are relatively high. The use of enzymes also greatly increases the cost, which also limits its large-scale application in industry.
  • CN101240014B discloses a method for preparing a physiologically active lipopeptide complex.
  • This patent involves crushing or pulverizing tissue from a member of the family Muricidae, order Neogastropoda, phylum Mollusca, and adjusting the pH to 4.0-6.5 with hydrochloric acid or an organic acid.
  • the extracts are combined and cooled to a temperature below the extraction temperature to precipitate.
  • the supernatant is collected, concentrated to remove the solvent, purified with petroleum ether, and then separated and eluted using a dextran gel chromatography column to obtain the lipopeptide complex.
  • the prepared lipopeptide complex has the function of preventing, improving, and treating hypertension.
  • this method is complex in preparation and uses reagents such as hydrochloric acid and petroleum ether, which poses certain biosafety risks. The high cost further limits its large-scale industrial application.
  • CN109430883A discloses a method for preparing a free peptide extract from marine fish.
  • the patent involves mincing the pre-treated marine fish, then adding water for at least one ultrasonic extraction, collecting the extract, concentrating it, and drying it.
  • the free peptide extract from marine fish prepared by this preparation method has high levels of histidine dipeptide, glutathione, and taurine, and can effectively improve chloasma.
  • the present invention aims to provide a sturgeon extract and its preparation method and application.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a polypeptide composition and its application.
  • the present invention provides a sturgeon extract comprising amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins from sturgeon meat and/or roe; the total amount of amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins, calculated on a dry matter basis, is greater than 20% (typically 20-90%, and may be further purified to increase the content);
  • the molecular weight distribution of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 9-60%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 10-30%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 5-60%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 5-52%.
  • the sturgeon extract preferably contains at least 40% amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins, for example, 40-90% of the total amount, calculated on a dry matter basis.
  • the sturgeon extract also contains fats, minerals, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, and the like.
  • the sturgeon extract can be further purified by defatting or other steps to increase the amino acid, polypeptide, and protein contents.
  • the sturgeon extracts preferably, it is a sturgeon meat extract, wherein, based on the total mass of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins as 100%, the molecular weight distribution of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and the content thereof is 11-60%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and the content thereof is 15-30%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and the content thereof is 5-60%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and the content thereof is 10-52%.
  • the molecular weight distribution of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 20-60%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 20-30%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 5-50%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 10-20%.
  • the sturgeon extracts preferably, it is a sturgeon egg extract, wherein, based on the total mass of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins as 100%, the molecular weight distribution of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is as follows: those with a molecular weight of less than 500Da, the content of which is 15-40%; those with a molecular weight of 500Da-1000Da, the content of which is 10-30%; those with a molecular weight of 1000Da-5000Da, the content of which is 20-55%; and those with a molecular weight of greater than 5000Da, the content of which is 5-50%.
  • the molecular weight distribution of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 15-40%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 11-30%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 20-55%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 5-35%.
  • the detection process of the sturgeon extract is as shown in the flow chart of Figure 1: first, the sample is purified and reductively alkylated, and then the sample is desalted. Thereafter, the treated sample is analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain a raw file of the original mass spectrometry result, and after De novo analysis, the peptide sequence analysis result is obtained.
  • LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
  • the above-mentioned sturgeon extract preferably contains one or more polypeptides shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:1-30.
  • the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radicals is 0.8%-97.3%;
  • the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radicals is 1.8%-97.3%.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the sturgeon extract, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the homogenate is centrifuged or plate-and-frame filtered to remove the residue and the extract is collected;
  • the extract is then filtered through a membrane to obtain a liquid sturgeon extract; or further dried to obtain a solid sturgeon extract.
  • the mass ratio of the fish meat and/or fish eggs to water is 1:(0.5-100), preferably 1:(1-30);
  • further ultrasonication may be performed to obtain a homogenate
  • the homogenization is carried out at a temperature of 4-30°C, a pressure of 5-60 MPa, and a homogenization frequency of 1-10 times;
  • the present invention provides a polypeptide composition, which comprises a combination of one or more of the polypeptides shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-30.
  • the present invention provides a medicine, a health product or a cosmetic, wherein the medicine, the health product or the cosmetic comprises the sturgeon extract and/or the polypeptide composition.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in the sturgeon meat extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 50.2%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 25.7%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 5.9%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 18.2%; the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 25.44%.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in sturgeon egg extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 25.4%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 12.8%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 20.5%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 41.3%.
  • the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 3.6%.
  • the total amount of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is 62% based on dry matter content.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in the sturgeon meat extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 9.6%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 18.4%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 43.8%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 28.2%; the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 10.5%.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in sturgeon egg extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 15.7%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 24.5%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 50.8%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 9%.
  • the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 8.6%.
  • the total amount of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins is 50% based on dry matter content.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in the sturgeon meat extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 24.6%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 22.9%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 31.7%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 20.8%; the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 15.6%.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in sturgeon egg extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 15.4%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 12.7%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 22.6%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 49.3%.
  • the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 3.8%.
  • the obtained sturgeon meat extract has a total content of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins of 84% based on dry matter content.
  • the obtained sturgeon roe extract has a total content of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins of 72% based on dry matter content.
  • the molecular weight distribution of polypeptides in the sturgeon meat extract is as follows: the molecular weight is less than 500Da, and its content is 24.7%; the molecular weight is 500Da-1000Da, and its content is 20.0%; the molecular weight is 1000Da-5000Da, and its content is 40.5%; the molecular weight is greater than 5000Da, and its content is 14.8%; the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals is 23.05%.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
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  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用。本发明的鲟鱼提取物包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉和/或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为20%以上。其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为9-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-60%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-52%。本发明的鲟鱼提取物富含多种抗氧化肽,在具有较高抗氧化活性的同时,具备护肝及增强免疫的功能。

Description

一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种天然活性物质的制备方法与应用,具体是指一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用,属于天然活性物质的提取技术及其在医药保健品应用领域。
背景技术
鲟鱼是现存起源最早的脊椎动物之一,基因组中携带有独特的蛋白质组学信息,使鲟鱼组织、鲟鱼卵中富含氨基酸、活性多肽类、抗氧化酶类等活性成分。鱼子酱作为其重要的衍生产品,具有极高的营养价值和重要的经济价值,深受消费者青睐。中国是世界鲟鱼贸易的重要参与国之一,鲟鱼养殖资源丰富,但受限于处理方式单一、下游衍生物品种匮乏,产品核心竞争力不足。由于鱼子提供了鱼类发育所必需的多种高价值营养物质,鱼子酱营养丰富,富含各种氨基酸、活性蛋白、高不饱和脂肪酸(EPA、DHA)、无机盐、维生素、以及钙、铜、铁、硒等微量元素。鲟鱼鱼卵中蛋白质、脂质综合含量均超过其他类型的鱼卵,在这其中,为了避免高不饱和脂肪酸等易氧化物质的氧化失效,鲟鱼组织中含有重要的内源性抗氧化系统,以维持机体内的氧化还原平衡稳态。
正常情况下,活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)是好氧生物代谢循环的副产物,在免疫反应、信号传导、有丝分裂等过程中起到重要作用。但当机体暴露在特定环境或毒害物质中时,活性氧浓度过高,会对脂质、DNA、蛋白质等生物大分子带来“氧化应激”危害,破坏细胞正常结构及功能。生物体的抗氧化系统包括酶类物质与非酶类小分子,鱼肉、鱼卵、及其水解物已被证明富含氨基酸、多肽、活性蛋白等多种天然生物抗氧化剂,且鱼类的种类、年龄、摄食行为、环境因素等多种本征因素都会影响其抗氧化系统。
然而,鱼子内成分复杂,生物大分子在限域空间内的疏水相互作用使不同成分相互混杂,例如卵黄素主要位于富含脂质的蛋黄中,天然以低溶解度的卵黄脂蛋白-卵黄高磷脂蛋白复合物的形式存在,这为分离具有特异性生物学功能的各种成分带来极大挑战。因此,迫切需要开发鲟鱼鱼卵、鱼肉中关键活性成分的高效提取方法和工艺,为鲟鱼鱼卵衍生品开发提供可靠、稳定、具备特征功能的关键活性成分。
抗氧化肽等生物活性肽的制备方法和途径有两条:一是从生物体中提取本身固有的各种天然活性肽类物质;二是通过酶法水解的方式获得具有各种生理功能的生物活性肽段。但是酶解是一个很复杂的过程,可能会有一些不明产物,或因过程不可控制,从而加大后期分离提纯的难度,并且会降低最终产物的生物安全性。而且酶解法往往受限于酶的最佳水解温度与pH,导致对多种设备的依赖性,生产成本较高;直接提取法是应用各种分离纯化技术将生物体内的活性多肽提取出来。直接提取法制备的活性肽由于可以避免生物固有活性成分遭受破坏,所以具有安全可靠、经济高效等优点。
CN103923963A公开了一种制备鱼皮胶原蛋白及ACE抑制肽的方法,该工艺在将鱼皮清洗后冷冻破碎,采用金属肽酶ProteaseA对鱼皮粉末进行酶解、灭酶,将酶解液过滤得到上清液和滤渣,上清液经浓缩、干燥得到鱼皮胶原蛋白,随后用A.S.1398酶对得到的胶原蛋白进行酶解、灭酶,冷却离心取上清液,经减压浓缩后冷冻干燥得到ACE抑制肽。该方法联合使用了两种酶,ProteaseA酶的酶解时间为3-7h,A.S.1398酶的酶解温度在40-55℃,故该工艺依赖控温设备且制备时间较长,对制备环境要求相对较高,酶的使用也大大增加了成本,这也使得其在工业上的大规模应用受到了一定的限制。
CN101240014B公开了一种具有生理活性的酯肽复合物的制备方法。该专利将软体动物门新腹足目骨螺科生物的组织原料捣碎或粉碎,用盐酸或有机酸调节pH4.0~6.5,合并提取液,降温使提取液温度低于提取时的温度,析出沉淀,取上层清液,浓缩去除溶剂,利用石油醚净化处理,然后使用葡聚糖凝胶色谱柱层析分离洗脱得到脂肽复合物。制备得到的酯肽复合物具有预防、改善、治疗高血压的功能。但是该方法制备工艺复杂,且用到了盐酸、石油醚等试剂,具有一定的生物安全性隐患,较高的成本也进一步限制了其大规模工业化应用。
CN109430883A公开了一种海洋鱼类游离肽提取物的制备方法,该专利将前处理后的海洋鱼绞碎,随后加水进行至少一次超声提取,收集提取液,浓缩、干燥即可;该制备方法制得的海洋鱼类游离肽提取物中,组氨酸二肽、谷胱甘肽和牛磺酸含量高,能够有效改善黄褐斑,但是没有提取物的抗氧化及清除黑色素能力的定量测试数据,其实用性有待考证。
目前,现有技术中没有关于直接利用破碎提取法制备富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵提取物的工艺研究,并且当前的酶解法制备工艺复杂,提取时间较长,设备依赖性高,成本高昂,限制了其大规模的工业化生产。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用。本发明的另一目的在于提供一种多肽组合物及其应用。
一方面,本发明提供一种鲟鱼提取物,其包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉和/或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为20%以上(通常为20-90%,还可进一步纯化以提高含量);
其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为9-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-60%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-52%。
上述鲟鱼提取物中,优选地,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为40%以上,例如为40-90%。除氨基酸、多肽和蛋白外,该鲟鱼提取物还含有脂肪、矿物质、维生素、不饱和脂肪酸等;可以进一步进行脱脂等步骤,对鲟鱼提取物进一步纯化,以提高氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的含量。
上述鲟鱼提取物中,优选地,其为鲟鱼鱼肉提取物,其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为11-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为15-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-60%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为10-52%。
优选地,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为20-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为20-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-50%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为10-20%。
上述鲟鱼提取物中,优选地,其为鲟鱼鱼卵提取物,其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15-40%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20-55%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-50%。
优选地,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15-40%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为11-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20-55%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-35%。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,优选地,所述鲟鱼提取物的检测过程如图1流程图所示:首先对样本进行纯化、还原烷基化,然后对样本脱盐,之后将处理好的样品通过液质联用(LC-MS/MS)分析,得到质谱原始结果的raw文件,经过De novo分析,得到肽段序列分析结果。
上述鲟鱼提取物中,优选地,其含有如SEQ ID NO:1-30任一所示多肽中的一种或多种。
上述鲟鱼提取物中,优选地,其浓度为0.2-50mg/mL时,对羟基自由基清除率为0.8%-97.3%;
优选地,所述提取物的浓度为10-50mg/mL时,对羟基自由基清除率为1.8%-97.3%。
另一方面,本发明提供一种上述的鲟鱼提取物的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将新鲜鲟鱼鱼肉和/或鱼卵加入水,经破壁或均质,得到匀浆液;
将匀浆液离心或板框过滤以去掉残渣,收集提取液;
对提取液再经过膜过滤,得到液态的鲟鱼提取物;或者,进一步经干燥处理,得到固态的鲟鱼提取物。
上述制备方法中,优选地,所述鱼肉和/或鱼卵与水的质量比为1:(0.5-100),优选为1:(1-30);
所述匀浆液的制备温度为4-50℃;
优选地,经破壁或均质后,还可进一步超声,得到匀浆液;
优选地,所述破壁的单次工作在时间为3-30min,破壁次数3-20次的条件下进行;
优选地,所述均质在温度为4-30℃,压力为5-60MPa,均质次数为1-10次的条件下进行;
优选地,所述超声在超声频率为5-50kHz,超声功率为50-1000W,超声时间为3-60min的条件下进行;
所述离心使用的布袋或板框过滤条件为400-600目,离心时间为20-30min;
所述膜过滤使用的滤膜规格为0.05μm-5μm,优选为0.05-3μm;
所述干燥处理的方法包括自然干燥法、喷雾干燥法或冷冻干燥法中的一种或两种以上的组合。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的鲟鱼提取物制备方法简单高效,不需要额外的控温设备,更有利于大批量规模化的生产,并且根据本发明的制备方法得到的鲟鱼提取物,具有更好的自由基清除能力,故可应用于多种抗氧化场景,如基于自由基氧化损伤的衰老人群中可以有效发挥除皱、紧致的功能,基于慢性炎症诱发的肝功能损伤及免疫低下人群具有护肝和增强免疫力的功效。
本发明的制备方法得到的鲟鱼提取物,显示出很好的抗氧化、护肝及免疫增强功能,具有较高的应用价值,为制备新型药品、保健品和化妆品提供了物质基础。
另一方面,本发明提供一种上述的鲟鱼提取物、上述制备方法制备的鲟鱼提取物在制备用于抗氧化、消炎、护肝类和/或免疫增强类产品中的应用,优选地,所述产品为药物、保健品或化妆品。
另一方面,本发明提供一种多肽组合物,所述多肽组合物包括如SEQ ID NO:1-30任一所示多肽中的一中或多种的组合。
另一方面,本发明提供一种上述多肽组合物在制备用于抗氧化、消炎、护肝类和/或免疫增强类产品中的应用,优选地,所述产品为药物、保健品或化妆品。
另一方面,本发明提供一种药物、保健品或化妆品,所述药物、保健品或化妆品中包含上述的鲟鱼提取物和/或多肽组合物。
本发明所述药物、保健品进一步包括医药学上可接受的赋形剂或载剂,包括但不限于溶剂、悬浮剂、缓冲剂、使制剂与血液等渗的物质、稳定剂或抗微生物防腐剂。赋形剂的添加应保持为最小。当使用赋形剂时,它们不应不利地影响聚合物和/或活性剂的稳定性、生物利用度、安全性或功效,或引起毒性或过度的局部刺激。剂型的任何组分之间不应存在任何不相容性。
本发明所述保健品可以指通常意义中所讲的用于保健养生的产品。
本发明所述药物或保健品可按下列制剂形式制备,例如,口服制剂(如颗粒、粉末、胶囊、丸、片、干糖浆、液态制剂),或与其它已知的添加剂混合而制备的药物或保健品,这类添加剂例如:载体、崩解剂、缓释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、包覆剂、粘结剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂、涂覆剂、着色剂、矫味剂、甜味剂、蔗糖替代品、营养强化剂、香味剂、表面活性剂、增塑剂、PH调节剂、清新剂、悬浮剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、增稠剂、增溶助剂等,按通常的方法进行制备或者将它们作为功能性组分或添加剂加入药物或保健品。
本发明所述化妆品被设计成以适当量(“化妆品有效量”)应用于身体,以改善其外观或美化、维护、调理、清洁、着色或保护皮肤、指甲或头发。
本发明所述的化妆品包含医药学上或化妆品上可接受的赋形剂或载剂,其可以是包括但不限于修复皮肤屏障功能剂、保湿剂、润肤剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、保湿剂、pH调节剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、媒介物或其混合物。所使用的赋形剂或载剂对皮肤具有亲和力,耐受性好,稳定,并且以足够提供所需稠度和易于应用的量使用。另外,本发明所述的化妆品可以含有其他成分,诸如芳香剂、着色剂和现有技术中已知在化妆品中使用的其他组分。本发明的化妆品可以以若干种形式配制,所述若干种形式包括但不限于溶液、气溶胶和非气溶胶喷雾剂、霜剂、粉末、摩丝、洗剂、凝胶、棒状物、膏剂、糊剂、洗发剂、淋浴凝胶、沐浴剂或洗面剂和乳液。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1.根据本发明提供的鲟鱼提取物,其具有很好的抗氧化活性,可应用于除皱、紧致类化妆品中,除此之外还具有护肝、增强免疫力的功能。
2.本发明提供的鲟鱼提取物的制备方法工艺简单高效,不需要温控设备等,对设备要求度低,降低了生产的能耗。
3.本发明提供的鲟鱼提取物的制备方法,不需要任何水解酶,其生产成本低,可连续化在线操作。
附图说明
图1为鲟鱼提取物的多肽序列检测流程示意图。
图2为实施例1制备的鲟鱼提取物以及其中特异性多肽的羟基自由基清除率。
图3为实施例1直接破碎法中得到的鲟鱼提取物粉末以及对比例2中经酶解2h得到的提取物粉末多肽分子量分布。
图4为实施例1以及对比例2中制备的鲟鱼提取物的羟基自由基清除率。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解,现对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明,但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
下面将详细描述本发明的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例以及对比例,在下面的详细描述中,提出了许多具体细节,以便提供对本发明的全面理解。但是,对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是,本发明可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本发明的示例来提供对本发明的更好的理解。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
本实施例制备鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入20kg去离子水,连续5次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为70%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为80%。
(6)对步骤(5)中得到的鲟鱼提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试。
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物及鉴定得到的特异性抗氧化多肽粉末(序列信息如表1所示)用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试,得到结果如图2所示。从图2中可以看出,不同特异性多肽的抗氧化能力相差较大,而鲟鱼鱼肉提取物具有最高的羟基自由基清除能力。
测试方法参考羟基自由基清除能力测试试剂盒(索莱宝,货号BC1320):先将酶标仪预热30min以上,调节波长至536nm,蒸馏水调零。配置10mg/mL的维生素C溶液,作为阳性对照组。将10uL鲟鱼提取物(测定组)、维生素C(对照组)或H2O(空白组)加入190uL羟基自由基溶液中,涡旋混匀,置于37℃恒温培养箱中准确反应60min,于536nm处测量吸光度。样本的羟基自由基清除率计算公式如下:
羟基自由基清除率D%=(A测试-A对照)/(A空白-A对照)x100%。其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为39.2%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为18.0%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为12.9%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为29.9%;对羟基自由基清除率为18.88%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为20.3%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10.2%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为27.5%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为42.0%,对羟基自由基清除率为2.0%。
表1特异性多肽序列

实施例2
本实施例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入20kg去离子水,连续3次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,温度控制在25℃,得到匀浆液,随后对匀浆液进行超声,超声频率25kHZ,超声功率450W,超声时间30min,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为78%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为85%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为50.2%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为25.7%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5.9%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为18.2%;对羟基自由基清除率为25.44%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为25.4%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为12.8%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20.5%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为41.3%,对羟基自由基清除率为3.6%。
实施例3
本实施例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入2kg去离子水,连续3次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,温度控制在25℃,得到匀浆液,随后对匀浆液进行超声,超声频率25kHZ,超声功率450W,超声时间30min,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用500目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为48%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为62%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为9.6%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为18.4%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为43.8%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为28.2%;对羟基自由基清除率为10.5%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15.7%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为24.5%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为50.8%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为9%,对羟基自由基清除率为8.6%。
实施例4
本实施例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入20kg去离子水,连续3次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,温度控制在25℃,得到匀浆液,随后对匀浆液进行超声,超声频率15kHZ,超声功率400W,超声时间20min,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用500目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为50%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为45%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为24.6%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为22.9%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为31.7%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为20.8%;对羟基自由基清除率为15.6%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15.4%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为12.7%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为22.6%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为49.3%,对羟基自由基清除率为3.8%。
实施例5
本实施例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入2kg去离子水,连续3次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,温度控制在25℃,得到匀浆液,随后对匀浆液进行高压均质,参数设置为:温度25℃,压力40MPa,均质次数为5次,间隔5s;
(3)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为84%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为72%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为24.7%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为20.0%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为40.5%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为14.8%;对羟基自由基清除率为23.05%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为34.8%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为11.5%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20.4%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为33.3%,对羟基自由基清除率为10.5%。
实施例6
本实施例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入50kg去离子水,连续3次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,温度控制在25℃,得到匀浆液,随后对匀浆液进行高压均质,参数设置为:温度25℃,压力40MPa,均质次数为3次,间隔5s,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为69%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为71%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为12.4%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为20.8%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为51.1%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为59.6%;对羟基自由基清除率为1.8%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为23%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为11.4%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为36.8%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为28.8%,对羟基自由基清除率为5.4%。
对比例1
本对比例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)分别将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵,加入4kg去离子水,进行超声,超声频率15kHZ,超声功率400W,超声时间5min,未能得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(4)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液;
(5)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物粉末包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为47%。
所得鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为58%。
(6)对步骤(5)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试;
(7)分别将鲟鱼鱼肉提取物、鱼卵提取物粉末用H2O溶解至10mg/mL,进行羟基自由基清除率的测试;
其中鲟鱼鱼肉提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为5.8%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10.5%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为25.4%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为58.3%;对羟基自由基清除率为0.4%。
鲟鱼鱼卵提取物的多肽分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为10.5%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为9.4%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为24.1%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为56%,对羟基自由基清除率为1.2%。
对比例2
本对比例制备的鲟鱼提取物,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜捕捞的鲟鱼放血后洗净,经过去头、去内脏、去鳃、去鳞等前处理步骤得到鲟鱼鱼肉及鱼卵,用去离子水洗净后备用;
(2)将2kg新鲜干净的鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵置于破壁机内,加入20kg去离子水,连续5次破壁,单次破壁时间为5min,间隔30s,得到均匀细腻的匀浆液;
(3)在上述鱼肉或鱼卵匀浆液中加入1wt%的蛋白酶,包括碱性蛋白酶(alcalase)与胰蛋白酶(trypsin),在酶的最佳工作温度下分别孵育1或2h,其中alcalase的最佳工作温度为55℃,trypsin的最佳工作温度为37℃。随后将上述混合液在90℃下孵育15分钟,使酶完全失活。
(4)使用400目滤袋将匀浆液离心20min后,去掉残渣,收集提取液;
(5)对提取液再经过3μm孔径的膜过滤,得到鲟鱼提取物原液。
(6)随后进行喷雾干燥处理,得到富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物粉末,该提取物包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;
所得经酶解2h得到的鲟鱼鱼肉提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为82%。
所得经酶解2h得到的鲟鱼鱼卵提取物中,以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为74%。
(7)对步骤(6)中的提取物粉末进行多肽分子量分布测试
(8)对步骤(5)中的鲟鱼提取物原液进行体外抗氧化功能测试。
其中本发明实施例1直接破碎法中得到的鲟鱼提取物粉末以及本对比例中经酶解2h得到的提取物粉末多肽分子量分布结果如图3所示。对鲟鱼鱼肉提取物来说,经直接破碎法得到的提取物小分子多肽(MW<0.5kDa)含量明显高于酶解法。对于鱼卵提取物来说,两种方法得到的提取物小分子多肽含量相近。
对本发明实施例1直接破碎法中得到的鲟鱼提取物原液以及本对比例中经酶解得到的提取物原液进行羟基自由基清除率的测定,结果如图4所示,其中,酶解时间为0小时的组别为实施例1中未经酶解处理的鱼肉提取物和鱼卵提取物的羟基自由基清除活性。酶解时间1、2小时的组别为本对比例中经酶解得到的提取物原液的羟基自由基清除率测定结果。从图4中可以看出,经直接破碎法得到的鲟鱼提取物相比于酶解法具有明显更强的羟基自由基清除效率。
以上实施例和对比例显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,而不是以任何方式限制本发明的范围,在不脱离本发明范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的范围内。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种鲟鱼提取物,其包括来自于鲟鱼鱼肉和/或鱼卵的氨基酸、多肽和蛋白;以干物质含量计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总量为20%以上;
    其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为9-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-60%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-52%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的鲟鱼提取物,其为鲟鱼鱼肉提取物,其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为11-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为15-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-60%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为10-52%;
    优选地,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为20-60%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为20-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为5-50%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为10-20%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的鲟鱼提取物,其为鲟鱼鱼卵提取物,其中,以氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的总质量为100%计,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15-40%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为10-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20-55%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-50%;
    优选地,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白的分子量分布为:分子量小于500Da,其含量为15-40%;分子量为500Da-1000Da,其含量为11-30%;分子量为1000Da-5000Da,其含量为20-55%;分子量大于5000Da,其含量为5-35%。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的鲟鱼提取物,其含有如SEQ ID NO:1-30任一所示多肽中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的鲟鱼提取物,其浓度为0.2-50mg/mL时,对羟基自由基清除率为0.8%-97.3%;
    优选地,所述提取物的浓度为10-50mg/mL时,对羟基自由基清除率为1.8%-97.3%。
  6. 一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的鲟鱼提取物的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
    将新鲜鲟鱼鱼肉和/或鱼卵加入水,经破壁或均质,得到匀浆液;
    将匀浆液离心或板框过滤以去掉残渣,收集提取液;
    对提取液再经过膜过滤,得到液态的鲟鱼提取物;或者,进一步经干燥处理,得到固态的鲟鱼提取物。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其中,所述鱼肉和/或鱼卵与水的质量比为1:(0.5-100),优选为1:(1-30);
    所述匀浆液的制备温度为4-50℃;
    优选地,经破壁或均质后,还可进一步超声,得到匀浆液;
    优选地,所述破壁的单次工作在时间为3-30min,破壁次数3-20次的条件下进行;
    优选地,所述均质在温度为4-30℃,压力为5-60MPa,均质次数为1-10次的条件下进行;
    优选地,所述超声在超声频率为5-50kHz,超声功率为50-1000W,超声时间为3-60min的条件下进行;
    所述离心使用的布袋或板框过滤条件为400-600目,离心时间为20-30min;
    所述膜过滤使用的滤膜规格为0.05μm-5μm,优选为0.05-3μm;
    所述干燥处理的方法包括自然干燥法、喷雾干燥法或冷冻干燥法中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  8. 权利要求1-5任一项所述的鲟鱼提取物、权利要求6或7所述的制备方法制备的鲟鱼提取物在制备用于抗氧化、消炎、护肝类和/或免疫增强类产品中的应用,优选地,所述产品为药物、保健品或化妆品。
  9. 一种多肽组合物,其中,所述多肽组合物包括如SEQ ID NO:1-30任一所示多肽中的一中或多种的组合。
  10. 权利要求9所述的多肽组合物在制备用于抗氧化、消炎、护肝类和/或免疫增强类产品中的应用,优选地,所述产品为药物、保健品或化妆品。
PCT/CN2025/085593 2024-03-29 2025-03-28 一种富含抗氧化肽的鲟鱼提取物及其制备方法与应用 Pending WO2025201499A1 (zh)

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