CN106666484A - 鲟鱼复合粉、鲟鱼骨酒及应用 - Google Patents
鲟鱼复合粉、鲟鱼骨酒及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种鲟鱼复合粉、鲟鱼骨酒及应用,是以鲟鱼肉及软骨为原料,通过复合酶进行酶解、超滤膜分离器分离、大孔吸附树脂(HPD系列)及活性炭后喷雾干燥后得到鲟鱼复合粉,该鲟鱼复合粉即能够有效清除自由基、提高机体免疫力,在食品、医药和化妆品领域中有广阔的应用前景。将鲟鱼复合粉与基酒勾兑成鲟鱼骨酒,不但具有鲟鱼特有的鲜味,且含有鲟鱼蛋白质与氨基己糖,营养更加丰富,不损害肝脏且具有保护肝脏的作用,可长期服用,有助于对人体关节补充硫酸软骨素。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以鲟鱼肉及软骨为原料深加工产品,尤其是一种鲟鱼复合粉、鲟鱼骨酒及应用。
背景技术
鲟鱼(Sturgeon)具有丰富的营养成分,是一种对人体极为有益的水产品。据《本草拾遗》记载:“鲟鱼,肉味甘,平,无毒。主治补虚益气,令人肥健。煮汁饮,治血淋。鼻肉主治补虚下气。子主治食之肥美,杀腹内小虫”。《中国药用动物原色图鉴》写道:肉滋补强壮,益气补虚,补血。用治脾虚泄泻、营养不良、气虚筋骨无力、病后体弱、贫血、营养不良、血淋刺痛、前列腺炎、淋巴结肿大。目前有报道鲟鱼肉可以通过酶解手段制成益于人体吸收的鲟鱼肽,同时鲟鱼肽也具有一些特殊的生物活性,如抑制血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)活性。硫酸软骨素是存在于动物软骨组织中的一类酸性黏多糖,具有抗炎,抗血栓,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和免疫调节等作用,鲟鱼软骨富含硫酸软骨素。迄今为止,还没有关于以鲟鱼肉和鲟鱼软骨为原料,经复合酶酶解成易被人体吸收且具有清除自由基作用的鲟鱼复合粉以及以鲟鱼复合粉制备成对肝脏无损害且具有保护肝脏作用的鲟鱼骨酒的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术所存在的上述技术问题,提供一种鲟鱼复合粉、鲟鱼骨酒及应用。
本发明的技术解决方案是:一种鲟鱼复合粉,其特征是按如下步骤制备:
a. 将宰杀后的鲟鱼洗净,取鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨冷冻干燥至水分小于1%,将冻干的鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨粉碎成500~5000目的鲟鱼超微粉;
b. 将鲟鱼超微粉球磨成50~200 nm的鲟鱼纳米粉;
c. 向鲟鱼纳米粉中加入pH 7~8的0.01~0.1M磷酸缓冲液及复合酶,酶解12~48 h;所述鲟鱼纳米粉与磷酸缓冲液的质量比为1:1~10,所述复合酶添加量为10~25活力单位:1克鲟鱼纳米粉,所述复合酶为将枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶按活力单位比为3:3:4比例混合;
d. 离心取上清,采用截留分子量为10000 Da以下的超滤膜分离器分离,收集透过超滤膜的液体,将所收集的液体通过HPD系列大孔吸附树脂及活性炭后喷雾干燥,制得鲟鱼复合粉。
上述鲟鱼复合粉的相对分子量分布为4367.71、4346.85、4470.98;将所述的鲟鱼复合粉经水溶解并经质量浓度80%乙醇沉淀后冻干,所得部分经红外光谱检测,具有3297.65、3079.74、2938.96、1625.68、1540.83、1454.05、1396.20、1243.85、1072.22及927.585cm-1特征;所述鲟鱼复合粉中硫酸软骨素为总质量的21.15%,每100g中含氨基酸如下:天冬氨酸与天冬酰胺8.13g、苏氨酸3.49g、丝氨酸3.99g、谷氨酸与谷氨酰胺12.7g、甘氨酸10.8g、丙氨酸6.25g、缬氨酸3.56g、甲硫氨酸2.21g、异亮氨酸3.21g、亮氨酸5.57g、酪氨酸2.15g、苯丙氨酸3.69g、赖氨酸7.03g、组氨酸2.01g、精氨酸6.20g及脯氨酸5.82g。
一种用上述鲟鱼复合粉制备的鲟鱼骨酒,其特征是将所述鲟鱼复合粉按质量百分比0.1~10%加入到基酒中调兑,过滤至澄清止,所述基酒为白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒或啤酒。
所述的鲟鱼复合粉在制备清除自由基产品中的应用。
本发明是以鲟鱼肉及软骨为原料,通过复合酶进行酶解、超滤膜分离器分离、大孔吸附树脂(HPD系列)及活性炭后喷雾干燥后得到鲟鱼复合粉,该鲟鱼复合粉即能够有效清除自由基、提高机体免疫力,在食品、医药和化妆品领域中有广阔的应用前景。将鲟鱼复合粉与基酒勾兑成鲟鱼骨酒,不但具有鲟鱼特有的鲜味,且含有鲟鱼蛋白质与硫酸软骨素,营养更加丰富,不损害肝脏且具有保护肝脏的作用,可长期服用,有助于对人体关节补充硫酸软骨素。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉的一级质谱图。
图2是本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉的红外光谱图。
图3是本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除羟基自由基的能力示意图。
图4是本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除DPPH自由基的能力示意图。
图5是本发明实施例大鲵活性肽清除ABTS自由基的能力示意图。
图6是本发明实施例小鼠肝损伤实验的肝组织切片图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种鲟鱼复合粉,按如下步骤制备:
a. 将宰杀后的鲟鱼洗净,取鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨冷冻干燥至水分小于1%,将冻干的鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨粉碎成2500目的鲟鱼超微粉;
b. 将鲟鱼超微粉球磨成100 nm的鲟鱼纳米粉;
c. 向鲟鱼纳米粉中加入pH 7~8的0.05M磷酸缓冲液及复合酶,酶解30 h;所述鲟鱼纳米粉与磷酸缓冲液的质量比为1:5,所述复合酶添加量为15活力单位:1克鲟鱼纳米粉,所述复合酶为将枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶按活力单位比为3:3:4比例混合;
d. 离心取上清,采用截留分子量为10000 Da以下的超滤膜分离器分离,收集透过超滤膜的液体,将所收集的液体通过HPD系列大孔吸附树脂及活性炭后喷雾干燥,制得鲟鱼复合粉。
所得到的鲟鱼复合粉的一级质谱图如图1所示:相对分子量分布为4367.71、4346.85、4470.98。
将所得到的鲟鱼复合粉经水溶解并经质量浓度80%乙醇沉淀后冻干,所得部分经红外光谱检测,红外光谱图如图2所示,结果表明具有3297.65、3079.74、2938.96、1625.68、1540.83、1454.05、1396.20、1243.85、1072.22及927.585cm-1特征。
将所得到的鲟鱼复合粉经高效液相色谱仪检测:硫酸软骨素为总质量的21.15%,每100g鲟鱼复合粉中含氨基酸如下:天冬氨酸与天冬酰胺8.13g、苏氨酸3.49g、丝氨酸3.99g、谷氨酸与谷氨酰胺12.7g、甘氨酸10.8g、丙氨酸6.25g、缬氨酸3.56g、甲硫氨酸2.21g、异亮氨酸3.21g、亮氨酸5.57g、酪氨酸2.15g、苯丙氨酸3.69g、赖氨酸7.03g、组氨酸2.01g、精氨酸6.20g及脯氨酸5.82g。
实施例2:
a. 将宰杀后的鲟鱼洗净,取鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨冷冻干燥至水分小于1%,将冻干的鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨粉碎成1000目的鲟鱼超微粉;
b. 将鲟鱼超微粉球磨成70nm的鲟鱼纳米粉;
c. 向鲟鱼纳米粉中加入pH 7~8的 0.1M磷酸缓冲液及复合酶,酶解12h;所述鲟鱼纳米粉与磷酸缓冲液的质量比为1:1,所述复合酶添加量为25活力单位:1克鲟鱼纳米粉,所述复合酶为将枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶按活力单位比为3:3:4比例混合;
d. 离心取上清,采用截留分子量为10000 Da以下的超滤膜分离器分离,收集透过超滤膜的液体,将所收集的液体通过HPD系列大孔吸附树脂及活性炭后喷雾干燥,制得鲟鱼复合粉。
实施例3:
a. 将宰杀后的鲟鱼洗净,取鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨冷冻干燥至水分小于1%,将冻干的鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨粉碎成4000目的鲟鱼超微粉;
b. 将鲟鱼超微粉球磨成200 nm的鲟鱼纳米粉;
c. 向鲟鱼纳米粉中加入pH 7~8的0.02M磷酸缓冲液及复合酶,酶解48 h;所述鲟鱼纳米粉与磷酸缓冲液的质量比为1:10,所述复合酶添加量为10活力单位:1克鲟鱼纳米粉,所述复合酶为将枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶按活力单位比为3:3:4比例混合;
d. 离心取上清,采用截留分子量为10000 Da以下的超滤膜分离器分离,收集透过超滤膜的液体,将所收集的液体通过HPD系列大孔吸附树脂及活性炭后喷雾干燥,制得鲟鱼复合粉。
实施例4:
将实施例1所得到的鲟鱼复合粉按质量百分比0.1%加入到基酒中调兑,过滤至澄清止,所述基酒为市售白酒,酒精度60%体积比。
实验:
一.本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除自由基能力
1.本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除羟基自由基能力
将本发明实施例1所得鲟鱼复合粉用去离子水配成不同浓度(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg/ml)的溶液,分别取2ml不同浓度样品溶液于试管中,分别加入9 mmol/L的FeSO4 1mL,9 mmol/L的水杨酸-乙醇1 mL,加入8.8 mmol/L的双氧水1 mL启动反应,37℃下反应30min,以蒸馏水为参比,在510 nm下测吸光度。考虑到样品本身的吸光值,取9 mmol/L的FeSO4 1 mL,9 mmol/L的水杨酸-乙醇1 mL以及不同浓度的多糖溶液2 mL作为本底吸收。
•OH清除率(%)=Ao-(Ax-Axo)/Ao×100%
式中:Ao空白对照吸光度;Ax 加入多糖溶液吸光度:Axo不加H2O2的多糖溶液吸光度
结果如图3所示:鲟鱼复合粉清除羟基自由基的能力随着鲟鱼复合粉浓度的增加而增加。
2. 本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除DPPH 自由基能力
将本发明实施例1所得鲟鱼复合粉用去离子水配成不同浓度(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg/ml)的溶液,分别取2ml不同浓度样品溶液于试管中,加入2ml所配置的DPPH溶液(0.004g DPPH粉末加到50mL容量瓶,用95%乙醇定容,4℃下避光保存),混合均匀,室温避光30min。在10000rpm离心10min,取上清于517nm下测定吸光度Aj,同时测2ml不同样品溶液加2ml的95%乙醇的吸光度Ai,2mlDPPH加2mL蒸馏水的吸光度A0。
DPPH自由基清除率(%)=[A0-(Aj-Ai)]/A0×100%
式中:A0空白对照的吸光值;Aj样液的吸光值;Ai 本身的吸光值
结果如图4所示:鲟鱼复合粉清除DPPH自由基的能力随着鲟鱼复合粉浓度的增加而增加。
3.本发明实施例鲟鱼复合粉清除ABTS的能力
将本发明实施例1所得鲟鱼复合粉用去离子水配成不同浓度(20、60、100、140、180µg/ml )的溶液,用蒸馏水配置 ABTS使浓度为7.4mmol/L,然后与2.6 mmol/L的K2S2O8均匀混合,黑暗室温放置12 h。用95%乙醇溶液稀释,使其能在波长为734 nm处的吸光度值为0.70±0.02A,即得到ABTS自由基储备液。在试管中加入0.9ml不同浓度(20、60、100、140、180µg/ml)的本发明鲟鱼复合粉溶液和2ml的ABTS自由基储备液,在室温条件下放置6min,随后在转速 10000rpm下离心10min,取上清液在波长734nm处进行测定。
ABTS自由基清除率(%)=[A0-(Ai-Aj)]/A0×100%
式中:A0空白对照的吸光值; Ai 样液的吸光值;Aj本身的吸光值
结果如图5所示:鲟鱼复合粉清除ABTS自由基的能力随着鲟鱼复合粉浓度的增加而增加。
从实验1、2、3可以看出,本发明的鲟鱼复合粉具有清除自由基的作用,可在制备清除自由基产品中的应用。
二、本发明鲟鱼复合粉制备的鲟鱼骨酒保护二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)导致的小鼠肝损伤的作用
清洁级昆明种小鼠,体质量18~22 g,雌雄各半,于12 h黑暗,12 h光亮的塑料饲养箱内饲养,室温20±2℃,湿度40% ~ 60%,自由采食和饮水。48只小鼠随机分为6组:对照组、鲟鱼骨酒(本发明实施例4)组、乙醇组、鲟鱼骨酒+DEN组、乙醇+DEN组以DEN组。将本发明鲟鱼骨酒、乙醇组每天定时等体积灌胃1次,以5ml/(kg•bw)分别灌胃鲟鱼骨酒、乙醇,连续灌胃30d;
而鲟鱼骨酒+DEN组、乙醇+DEN组,除按上述方法分别灌胃鲟鱼骨酒、乙醇外,还需同时灌胃DEN50mg/kg;DEN组单独灌胃DEN50mg/kg。最后一次灌服药品后1 h,摘眼球取血。将采集的全血于37℃恒温30 min,然后于4℃冰箱中1h,在3000rpm下离心3 min,分离血清,检测ALT、AST以及MDA指标,结果如表1。表1表明鲟鱼骨酒组的ALT、AST以及MDA指标与对照组的指标没有显著差异。鲟鱼骨酒+DEN组的ALT、AST以及MDA指标显著好于乙醇+DEN组以及DEN组,这表明鲟鱼骨酒对肝脏无损害,可降低DEN对肝脏的损伤,具有保护肝脏的作用。
表1
对各实验组进行肝组织切片检查(图6))。图6中A、B、C、D、E、F分别为对照组、鲟鱼骨酒组、乙醇组、鲟鱼骨酒+DEN组、乙醇+DEN组以DEN组。从图6中可以看出来,对照组与鲟鱼骨酒组小鼠肝细胞索状排列规则,肝细胞胞浆均匀,核仁清晰(图6A、B)。乙醇组、乙醇+DEN组以及DEN组肝细胞紊乱,有气球样变细胞,并伴有炎症细胞浸润现象(图6C、E、F)。鲟骨酒+DEN组(图6D)的肝细胞细胞形状基本规则,有少量炎症细胞浸润。此结果表明,鲟鱼骨酒对肝脏无损害,可降低DEN对肝脏的损伤,具有保护肝脏的作用。
Claims (4)
1.一种鲟鱼复合粉,其特征是按如下步骤制备:
a. 将宰杀后的鲟鱼洗净,取鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨冷冻干燥至水分小于1%,将冻干的鲟鱼肉及鲟鱼软骨粉碎成500~5000目的鲟鱼超微粉;
b. 将鲟鱼超微粉球磨成50~200 nm的鲟鱼纳米粉;
c. 向鲟鱼纳米粉中加入pH 7~8的0.01~0.1M磷酸缓冲液及复合酶,酶解12~48 h;所述鲟鱼纳米粉与磷酸缓冲液的质量比为1:1~10,所述复合酶添加量为10~25活力单位:1克鲟鱼纳米粉,所述复合酶为将枯草杆菌蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶按活力单位比为3:3:4比例混合;
d. 离心取上清,采用截留分子量为10000 Da以下的超滤膜分离器分离,收集透过超滤膜的液体,将所收集的液体通过HPD系列大孔吸附树脂及活性炭后喷雾干燥,制得鲟鱼复合粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鲟鱼复合粉,其特征在于:相对分子量分布为4367.71、4346.85、4470.98;将所述的鲟鱼复合粉经水溶解并经质量浓度80%乙醇沉淀后冻干,所得部分经红外光谱检测,具有3297.65、3079.74、2938.96、1625.68、1540.83、1454.05、1396.20、1243.85、1072.22及927.585cm-1特征;
所述鲟鱼复合粉中硫酸软骨素为总质量的21.15%,每100g中含氨基酸如下:天冬氨酸与天冬酰胺8.13g、苏氨酸3.49g、丝氨酸3.99g、谷氨酸与谷氨酰胺12.7g、甘氨酸10.8g、丙氨酸6.25g、缬氨酸3.56g、甲硫氨酸2.21g、异亮氨酸3.21g、亮氨酸5.57g、酪氨酸2.15g、苯丙氨酸3.69g、赖氨酸7.03g、组氨酸2.01g、精氨酸6.20g及脯氨酸5.82g。
3.一种用权利要求1或权利要求2所述鲟鱼复合粉制备的鲟鱼骨酒,其特征是将所述鲟鱼复合粉按质量百分比0.1~10%加入到基酒中调兑,过滤至澄清止,所述基酒为白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒或啤酒。
4.一种如权利要求1或2所述的鲟鱼复合粉,其特征在于在制备清除自由基产品中的应用。
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