Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
  • C01G23/003—Titanates
  • C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
  • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/16—Solid spheres
  • C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
  • C01P2004/32—Spheres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
  • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
  • C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
  • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances

Definitions

• the objective of the present invention is to obtain a surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder that is optimal for use as a filler.
• organic-inorganic hybrid materials that maintain the processability of organic resins while providing the functionality of inorganic fillers (refractive index, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, magnetism, thermal conductivity, etc.).
• brightness enhancement films used in displays and diffractive optical elements used in AR/MR glasses require a high refractive index that cannot be achieved by resin alone in order to obtain characteristics such as high brightness, thin film, and improved viewing angle. For this reason, adding inorganic fillers with a high refractive index to resins to improve the transparency of the resin film is being considered.
• the properties required for inorganic fillers in such hybrid materials include transparency and dispersion stability. To achieve satisfactory transparency, fine spherical particles with a good particle size distribution are required. Furthermore, for dispersion stability, the particle surface must have solvent affinity.
• strontium titanate is a highly functional material with a perovskite structure, and is used alone for a variety of applications.
• strontium titanate is used in optical applications such as pigments, reflectors and light collectors, taking advantage of its high refractive index, ceramic capacitor applications due to its high dielectric constant, and as a visible light photocatalyst due to its photocatalytic activity. It can also be used in semiconductors, semiconductor capacitors, thermoelectric materials, electroluminescence, and light-emitting materials, taking advantage of its semiconductor properties when other elements are added.
• strontium titanate which has such high functionality, can be used to form a composite with resin to create a new material with functionality that cannot be achieved with resin alone.
• Aqueous reactions such as hydrothermal reactions are known as a method for obtaining fine strontium titanate particle powder.
• the surface of strontium titanate particles is hydrophilic, and particle powders with moisture, which has a high liquid bridging power, adsorbed to the particle surface tend to aggregate. This means that interparticle aggregation is likely to occur when mixed with organic substances such as resins and solvents, and there are issues with the transparency of composite films formed by applying a thin film of a composite liquid made by mixing resin and filler, and the stability of the dispersion.
• Patent Document 1 describes a strontium titanate dispersion
• the average particle size is large at 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and is insufficient as a transparent fine particle filler for high refractive index materials.
• Patent Document 2 reports on fine, spherical strontium titanate microparticles, but because the addition of a third component such as hydrazine or a hydrazide compound is essential, components other than strontium titanate are present and the properties as a filler cannot be fully exhibited. Furthermore, it is shown that microparticles to which the amount of the third component added is not within the specified range have a large average particle size and poor dispersibility, and there is no mention of the dispersion stability of the microparticles.
• a third component such as hydrazine or a hydrazide compound
• the present invention aims to produce spherical, fine strontium titanate microparticle powder suitable for use as a filler in composite materials, and to achieve both the transparency of the composite film and the dispersion stability of the dispersion.
• the present invention is a spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder characterized by having an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm or less and being surface-treated with a surface treatment agent in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight (Invention 1).
• the present invention also relates to a spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to invention 1, in which the surface treatment agent is a polymer dispersant (invention 2).
• the present invention also relates to a dispersion containing the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder described in invention 1 (invention 3).
• the present invention also relates to a resin composition containing the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder described in invention 1 (invention 4).
• spherical strontium titanate microparticles are surface-treated to modify the surface to have solvent affinity, making them dispersible in various solvents.
• the particles are fine and spherical even after surface treatment, so they are transparent and have little aggregation in the dispersion solvent.
• composite films containing the particles are transparent and not cloudy.
• the resulting dispersion is suitable for storage and transportation as there is no settling over time, making it an industrially advantageous spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder that can achieve both transparency and dispersion stability.
• the average primary particle diameter of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is 50 nm or less. If the average primary particle diameter exceeds 50 nm, the coating may become cloudy and transparency may not be obtained.
• the average primary particle diameter is more preferably 40 nm or less, and even more preferably 30 nm or less. There is no particular lower limit, but it is about 8 nm.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder of the invention has part or all of the particle surface coated and modified with a surface treatment agent.
• the amount of the surface treatment agent in the present invention is 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 7 to 27% by weight, and even more preferably 9 to 25% by weight, relative to the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder. If the amount of the surface treatment agent is less than 5% by weight, the amount of dispersant is small and does not sufficiently cover the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder, so there is a risk that dispersion stability will not be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of the surface treatment agent is more than 30% by weight, the amount of dispersant will be excessive, and there is a risk that the dispersant layer will collapse and dispersion stability will not be obtained.
• the surface treatment agent in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include surfactants, wetting agents, and dispersants. One or more of these can be mixed depending on the compatibility with the dispersion solvent and resin and the intended use.
• a coupling agent is used as the surface treatment agent, a hydrolysis step is required to bond the particles by a chemical reaction.
• a surfactant or dispersant is used as the surface treatment agent, the particle surface and the surface treatment agent are bonded by hydrogen bonds, and when the particle surface and the dispersant come into contact with each other, they are adsorbed on the surface and can be surface treated, which is more preferable.
• the surfactants in the present invention are not particularly limited, but include anionic surfactants such as fatty acid salts, sulfate ester salts, sulfonate salts, and phosphate ester salts; nonionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol-type nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene aryl ethers, and polyhydric alcohol-type nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters; cationic surfactants such as amine salt-type cationic surfactants and quaternary ammonium salt-type cationic surfactants; and amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl betaines such as alkyl dimethylamino acetate betaines and alkyl imidazolines.
• anionic surfactants such as fatty acid salts, sulfate ester salts, sulfonate salts, and phosphate ester salts
• nonionic surfactants such as poly
• the dispersant in the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include polymeric dispersants and low molecular weight dispersants.
• polymeric dispersants examples include alkylol ammonium copolymers containing acid groups, acrylic polymers, block copolymers, styrene-acrylic acid copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, polycarboxylic acids and their salts, and polymeric dispersants with molecular weights of about 800 to 2000 and acrylic acid groups or methacrylic acid groups are preferred, and the structure is preferably a block or graft type polymer.
• Polymeric dispersants with an acid value of 5 or more are preferred because they tend to have high affinity and reactivity with the particle surface.
• the surface treatment agent has excellent adsorption properties, particularly to the surface of spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder, which has a hydrophilic particle surface, and adheres, adsorbs, and bonds to the microparticle surface, creating a steric hindrance that inhibits detachment, thereby providing stability to the dispersion.
• the particle shape of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is spherical, and the circularity is preferably 0.80 or more. If the circularity of the microparticles is within the above range, the surface can be uniformly treated with a small amount of surface treatment agent. In addition, the microparticles have good filling properties in solvents, resins, etc., and are therefore suitable as fillers. A more preferred circularity is 0.85 or more, and even more preferably 0.88 to 1.00. The circularity is expressed as (4 ⁇ x area)/perimeter 2 of the particles measured using an electron microscope photograph.
• the average primary particle diameter of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment is preferably 50 nm or less.
• the preferred average primary particle diameter is 40 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less.
• the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is about 8 nm.
• the BET specific surface area of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment in the present invention is preferably 23.4 m2 /g or more. If the BET specific surface area is less than 23.4 m2 /g, the average particle diameter of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder will be greater than 50 nm.
• the BET specific surface area is more preferably 30.0 m2 /g or more, and even more preferably 35.0 m2 /g or more.
• the upper limit of the BET specific surface area is about 120.0 m2 /g.
• the ratio (average primary particle size before surface treatment/BET converted particle size) of the average primary particle size of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment to the BET converted particle size (6000/(BET ⁇ 5.13)) is preferably 0.85 to 1.25. If the ratio is within the above range, the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder can be obtained with few particle defects and a narrow particle size distribution. On the other hand, if the ratio is outside the above range, the composition cannot be stabilized, and there is a risk that the dispersion may gel or settle, resulting in poor dispersion stability.
• this ratio is less than 0.85, the BET specific surface area is low relative to the average particle size, resulting in many coarse particles and poor distribution. If the value of the ratio is greater than 1.25, the BET specific surface area is high relative to the average particle size, resulting in many defects in the particles, such as low crystallinity. A more preferred range is 0.86 to 1.23, and even more preferably 0.87 to 1.20.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment in the present invention has a spherical particle shape, and the circularity is preferably 0.80 or more. If the circularity of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder is less than 0.80, the shape may be rectangular, etc., and the packing density may decrease. In addition, spherical particles with a circularity in the above range have a smaller specific surface area than rectangular, etc., so the amount of dispersant can be reduced, and the refractive index and transparency when composited can be increased. A more preferable circularity is 0.82 or more, and even more preferably 0.84 to 1.00.
• the Sr/Ti of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment is preferably 0.90 to 1.10.
• the Sr/Ti By controlling the Sr/Ti within this range, it is possible to exhibit various properties of strontium titanate, such as a high refractive index.
• a more preferable Sr/Ti is 0.95 to 1.05, and even more preferably 0.98 to 1.02.
• the refractive index of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment is preferably 2.080 or more, and highly crystalline microparticle powder of 2.187 or more is more preferable. If the refractive index is within the above range, a transparent thin film can be created.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is spherical and fine, so it can make the composite thin film transparent, and by surface-treating the hydrophilic surface portion with a surface treatment agent, the solvent compatibility of the particle surface is increased, and the dispersion stability in resins and the like is also improved. Therefore, the composite thin film does not become cloudy.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention can be used as a filler with high compatibility with various solvents and high dispersion stability, and is suitable for optical and electronic applications.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder which is highly crystalline and has a high refractive index and is a small particle and has few particle defects such as compositional fluctuations, high transparency is obtained, and industrially excellent microparticles with little variation in shape and characteristics due to processing steps are obtained.
• the dispersion containing the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention can be subjected to solid-liquid separation using centrifugation or standing, and the average dispersed particle diameter in the supernatant is preferably 80 nm or less, more preferably 70 nm or less, and even more preferably 60 nm or less. If the average dispersed particle diameter exceeds 80 nm, there is a risk that dispersion stability cannot be obtained, such as settling occurring in the dispersion, or that the transparency of the composite thin film cannot be obtained.
• the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is about 8 nm.
• the degree of dispersion of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder in the dispersion according to the present invention is expressed by the ratio of the average dispersed particle size in the dispersion to the average primary particle size of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder (average dispersed particle size in dispersion/average primary particle size of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder).
• the degree of dispersion of the present invention is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 2.0 or less. If it is within the above range, there are few aggregates in the dispersion, so that the dispersion has excellent dispersion stability, the composite film is transparent, and a thin film without cloudiness can be obtained.
• the circularity of the dispersed particles contained in the dispersion is preferably 0.80 or more, more preferably 0.84 or more, and even more preferably 0.88 to 1.00. If the circularity is less than 0.80, aggregation may occur due to changes in the shape of the fine particles caused by cracking, etc., and dispersion stability may not be obtained.
• the polydispersity index in the present invention is an index that represents the particle size distribution of the dispersed particles contained in the dispersion, and a lower value means a smaller variation in the average dispersed particle diameter.
• the polydispersity index of the dispersed particles contained in the dispersion according to the present invention is preferably 0.35 or less, more preferably 0.30 or less, and even more preferably 0.29 or less. If the polydispersity index is greater than 0.35, there is a risk of bias in the properties when composited.
• the lower limit is 0.
• the strontium titanate microparticle powder of the present invention can be obtained by neutralizing an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride as the titanium raw material with an aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide as an alkaline aqueous solution to obtain a titanium hydroxide hydrous slurry (neutralization reaction), heating the titanium hydroxide hydrous slurry, rinsing it with water, adding it to the aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide, and carrying out a wet reaction in the temperature range of 60 to 200°C.
• the addition ratio (Sr/Ti) of the titanium raw material to the alkaline aqueous solution during the neutralization reaction is preferably 1.1 to 1.8. If the addition ratio is less than 1.1, the production yield of strontium titanate core particles decreases, and if it exceeds 1.8, the distribution of the primary particles of strontium titanate deteriorates. A more preferable addition ratio is 1.25 to 1.65.
• the reaction concentration of the reaction solution for producing strontium titanate microparticles is preferably 0.05 to 0.7 mol/L in terms of titanium compound. If the reaction concentration is less than 0.05 mol/L, the yield is low and it is not industrially viable. On the other hand, if the reaction concentration is 0.7 mol/L or more, the amount of strontium hydroxide in the reaction solution exceeds the solubility, causing Sr(OH) 2 to precipitate, making it difficult to carry out a uniform liquid phase reaction.
• the mixture is washed with water and an aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide is added.
• the amount of strontium hydroxide aqueous solution added is such that the Sr/Ti ratio is 1.5 to 3.0 relative to the Ti in the reaction solution.
• the reaction temperature for the wet reaction is preferably 60 to 300°C. If the reaction temperature is less than 60°C, it is difficult to obtain dense spherical strontium titanate microparticles. If the reaction temperature exceeds 300°C, it is difficult to design the hydrothermal vessel.
• the reaction temperature is preferably 65 to 250°C.
• the particles after the wet reaction can be washed with water in the usual way and dispersed in water to form a suspension, or washed with water and then dried to form a dry powder. By washing with water, excess strontium can be washed away. Impurities such as Na, K, and Cl can also be removed at the same time.
• the desired strontium titanate microparticle powder can be obtained by controlling the reaction concentration, Sr/Ti during neutralization, and Sr/Ti during wet reaction.
• the dry powder may be subjected to a pulverization or crushing process.
• This method is a step-by-step dispersion method using first and second steps.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment can be prepared by washing the reaction cake with water, and the suspension can be used as is, or the concentration of strontium titanate can be increased by suction filtration or centrifugal filtration, or the dried powder can be used.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder of the present invention is pre-dispersed in a dispersion solvent.
• the dispersing machine used in the first step is not particularly limited, but is preferably a machine capable of applying shear force, impact force, compression force, and/or friction force to the powder layer, and examples of the machine that can be used include roller mills, high-speed rotary mills, high-speed rotary mills with built-in classifiers, ball mills, media agitation mills, airflow grinders, compaction shear mills, colloid mills, and roll mills.
• the grinding media that can be used, depending on the material of the mill, include steel ball beads such as stainless steel and steel; ceramic beads such as alumina, steatite, zirconia, zircon, silica, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride; glass beads such as soda glass and hi-bee; and carbide beads such as WC.
• the size of the beads is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
• the dispersion containing the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder obtained in the first step of the present invention is stirred with media.
• a dispersing machine used in the second step a media stirring mill can be suitably used, and a vertical bead mill is particularly preferred.
• the grinding media used in the second step may be, depending on the material of the mill, steel ball beads such as stainless steel or steel; ceramic beads such as alumina, steatite, zirconia, zircon, silica, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride; glass beads such as soda glass or hi-bee; or carbide beads such as WC; and the like.
• the size of the beads is preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, with the lower limit being preferably 1 ⁇ m.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder contained in the dispersion of the present invention is surface-treated with a surface treatment agent.
• the surface treatment agent may be added directly to the dispersion solvent in the first and/or second steps, or may be applied to the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder in advance or may be added to the dispersion solvent first.
• a part or the whole of the surface of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder can be covered with the surface treatment agent. Therefore, a surface treatment method in which the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder is mixed with the surface treatment agent while being crushed is preferred.
• the time for surface treatment in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to mix and stir at room temperature for about 30 minutes.
• the dispersion according to the present invention may be centrifuged or filtered to remove coarse particles and impurities.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder can be obtained as a dry powder by drying the dispersion and removing the solvent.
• the drying method can be a thermal dryer, a reduced pressure dryer, an evaporator, a vacuum stirring dryer, or the like, but there is no particular restriction, and any method can be used as long as it can obtain a spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder that has been surface-treated with a surface treatment agent by drying.
• the dispersion containing the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention may be obtained by dispersing the dry powder obtained in the previous step again in a solvent, or it may be obtained as a dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate without going through the previous drying step.
• dispersants, additives (resins, defoamers, auxiliary agents, etc.), etc. may also be added as necessary as the constituent base material of the dispersion containing the microparticle powder.
• the dispersion time is preferably 1 hour or more.
• 10 hours or more is no problem.
• the solvent used in the surface treatment process and/or dispersion in the present invention may be either water-based or solvent-based, and one or a mixture of two or more types may be used depending on the purpose and application.
• aqueous solvent water or alcohol-based solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol; glycol ether-based solvents such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, propyl cellosolve, and butyl cellosolve; oxyethylene or oxypropylene addition polymers such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol; alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and 1,2,6-hexanetriol; and water-soluble organic solvents such as glycerin and 2-pyrrolidone.
• These dispersion solvents for aqueous dispersions can be used alone or in a mixture of two or more types depending on the intended use.
• Solvent-based solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; ether alcohols such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; ether acetates such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; acetate esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate; lactate esters such as methyl lactate, ethyl lac
• the unit of the solubility parameter (SP value) of the solvent in the present invention is (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 .
• the SP value of the solvent in the present invention is preferably 5 to 25 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 , more preferably 6 to 20 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 , and even more preferably 7 to 15 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 .
• solvents having an SP value of 5 to 25 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 include dimethylcyclohexane
• examples of solvents having an SP value of 6 to 20 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 include n-pentane and formamide
• examples of solvents having an SP value of 7 to 15 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 include n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and 2-methoxyethanol.
• the SP value of the solvent is within the above range, the surface treatment agent can be sufficiently dissolved in the solvent, and the surface of the fine particles can be coated by mixing with the fine particles, which is preferable. Furthermore, the dispersion can be stabilized, and a stable dispersion without fine particle sedimentation can be obtained.
• the concentration of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder which is the solid content in the dispersion of the present invention, is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to maintain fluidity without causing settling, separation, solidification or gelation, but is preferably about 10 to 60% by weight based on the total weight. If it is less than 10% by weight, the productivity for use in the next process will be low, and if it exceeds 60% by weight, there is a risk that the fluidity of the dispersion will not be obtained.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is obtained by physically attaching or adsorbing or chemically bonding a surface treatment agent to the surface of spherical, fine, highly crystalline spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder. Because the particles have high crystallinity before surface treatment, they can be uniformly coated with a surface treatment agent compatible with solvents and resins while retaining their circularity, and the particle surface can be modified to have solvent affinity.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder with steric hindrance on the surface retains its spherical shape even in resins and solvents, and exists finely without excessive aggregation, making it possible to form a transparent thin film without cloudiness. Furthermore, by providing steric hindrance by a surface treatment agent to the spherical and fine microparticle surfaces, a dispersion with high dispersion stability without sedimentation can be obtained.
• the particle size of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is uniform, there is little drying aggregation, and redispersion is easy, reducing dispersion costs and dispersion energy.
• the resin in the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include thermosetting resins and photocurable resins, and examples of resins that can be used include acrylic resins; acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester polymers, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyester resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins, AS resins, silicone resins, and fluororesins.
• the concentration of the surface-treated strontium titanate microparticle powder which is the solid content in the resin composition according to the present invention, is not particularly limited as long as it is dispersible in the resin, but is preferably about 10 to 60% by weight. If the solid content in the resin composition is less than 10% by weight, the productivity for use in the next process is low, and if it exceeds 60% by weight, there is a risk that the resin composition will not be able to obtain fluidity.
• the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder, dispersion and resin composition of the present invention may contain various general additives, such as monomers and oligomers not included in the above resins, dispersants, polymerization initiators, antistatic agents, refractive index regulators, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, leveling agents, defoamers, inorganic fillers, preservatives, plasticizers, flow regulators, thickeners, pH adjusters and polymerization initiators, as appropriate, within the range that does not impair the effects of the invention.
• various general additives such as monomers and oligomers not included in the above resins, dispersants, polymerization initiators, antistatic agents, refractive index regulators, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, leveling agents, defoamers, inorganic fillers, preservatives, plasticizers, flow regulators, thickeners, pH adjusters and polymerization initiators, as appropriate, within the range that does not
• the method for producing the resin composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be produced by mixing a dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder and/or surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder with a resin.
• mixing methods include a propeller agitator, a disperser, and ultrasonic waves.
• the mixing time is not particularly limited as long as sufficient stirring and mixing can be achieved, but about one hour is preferable.
• the viscosity of the resin composition may be such that it does not impair handleability.
• Average primary particle size The spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before and after the surface treatment was photographed (25,000 times) using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-F200 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) to measure the average primary particle diameter of approximately 50 particles.
• the average primary particle diameter is the particle diameter calculated by averaging the diameter of a circle having the same area as the area determined for each particle from the photograph.
• the particle shape was determined from the electron microscope photograph.
• Average dispersed particle size and polydispersity index The average dispersed particle size was obtained by measuring each dispersion using a dynamic light scattering method (FPAR-1000, manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and using a cumulant analysis method. At the same time, the polydispersity index, which indicates the particle size distribution, was measured using a histogram analysis method.
• Dispersions containing the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder were stored at 25° C., and after one month, the presence or absence of sedimentation was visually confirmed. Those without sedimentation were marked with ⁇ , and those with sedimentation were marked with ⁇ .
• the specific surface area is expressed as a value ( m2 /g) measured by the BET method.
• the BET equivalent particle diameter (nm) was calculated by the relational expression: 6000/(BET specific surface area x 5.13), where 5.13 is the density (g/ cm3 ) of strontium titanate.
• the ratio (average primary particle diameter/BET equivalent particle diameter) was calculated from the average primary particle diameter and the BET equivalent particle diameter.
• the particle density was measured using a particle density measuring device BELPYCNO (manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.).
• Refractive index of dispersion 2 g of each strontium titanate fine particle powder was mixed with 8 g of 2-methoxypropanol for 120 minutes to prepare a dispersion with a solid content of 20% by weight.
• the refractive index of the dispersion was measured using an Abbe refractometer RX-7000 ⁇ (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.).
• the refractive index of the strontium titanate fine powder was calculated according to the following formula using the particle density of the fine powder, the refractive index of the dispersion, and the solid content in the dispersion.
• the refractive index n of the dispersion can be calculated by the following formula (1).
• V1 is the volume fraction of the filler
• n1 is the refractive index of the filler
• V2 is the volume fraction of the solvent
• n2 is the refractive index of the solvent.
• the refractive index of the filler can be calculated from the measured refractive index and the volume fraction of each component in the dispersion.
• the refractive index n1 of the filler is expressed by the following formula (2). Since it is difficult to actually measure the volume fraction in the dispersion, the refractive index is calculated from the weight fraction w1 (filler), w2 (solvent) and density d1 (filler), d2 (solvent) of each component, which are easy to measure, and is expressed by the following formulas (3) and (4), respectively.
• the refractive index of the filler can be calculated by substituting formulas (3) and (4) into formula (2).
• Solid content in dispersion The solid content in the dispersion is expressed as % by weight, calculated from formula (5) after baking the strontium titanate dispersion in a muffle furnace at 300° C. for 1 hour.
• Total light transmittance and thin film opacity evaluation The total light transmittance of each coating film was measured using a turbidity meter (NDH2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). The transmittance obtained when measured in air was evaluated as 100%, and the total light transmittance of each coating film is preferably 90% or more. The evaluation of the thin film turbidity was performed by visually observing each coating film, and those without turbidity were marked with ⁇ , and those with turbidity were marked with ⁇ .
• Example 1 A titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution was mixed with water so that the molar concentration of Ti was 2.10 mol/l, and a 20 wt% strontium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the solution so that the Sr/Ti molar ratio was 1.32 to obtain a titanium hydroxide slurry, which was then washed with water. The obtained titanium hydroxide slurry was poured into an aqueous strontium hydroxide solution that had been dissolved in a reaction vessel in advance. The aqueous strontium hydroxide solution was adjusted to a Sr/Ti molar ratio of 2.0. The concentration during the reaction was 0.28 mol/l as the strontium titanate concentration.
• the mixture was stirred for 8 hours at 260°C to perform a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with water, filtered, and dried to obtain a white powder of strontium titanate microparticles.
• the obtained spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder was spherical particles with a primary average particle size of 22.12 nm and a circularity of 0.92, Sr/Ti was 0.978, particle density was 4.71 g/cc, BET specific surface area was 45.9 m2 /g, BET converted particle size was 25.5 nm, and the ratio of average primary particle size/BET converted particle size was 0.87.
• the solid content in the dispersion adjusted for calculating the particle refractive index was 19.72 wt%, the refractive index of the dispersion was 1.440, and the calculated particle refractive index was 2.196.
• the first dispersion step 10.5 g of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder obtained in the previous step was added to 59.5 g of 2-methoxyethanol in a 200 mL mayonnaise bottle.
• 100 ⁇ m diameter ZrO2 beads Nikkato Zirconia Ball YTZ Series, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
• a paint shaker manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
• a new mayonnaise bottle was prepared, and the dispersion containing the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder obtained in the previous step and a surface treatment agent (Disperbyk-180 manufactured by BYK-Chemie) were added at 10% by weight relative to the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder, and 50 ⁇ m ⁇ ZrO2 beads (Nikkato Zirconia Ball YTZ Series manufactured by Co., Ltd.) were added, and the mixture was dispersed again for 4 hours using a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). The ZrO2 beads were removed, and a dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder was obtained.
• a surface treatment agent Disperbyk-180 manufactured by BYK-Chemie
• the powder was dried at 80°C for 12 hours using a high-temperature thermostat to obtain a surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder.
• Table 1 shows the characteristics of the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder before surface treatment
• Table 2 shows the surface treatment conditions and the characteristics of the surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder
• Table 3 shows the characteristics and effects of the dispersion.
• Examples 2 to 5 A dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder and a surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the surface treatment conditions were changed as shown in Table 2.
• Strontium titanate fine particle powder (Sigma-Aldrich Strontium titanate 517011-50G, average particle size 38.5 nm) was used, and in the first step of dispersion, 2.25 g of the strontium titanate fine particle powder was added to 12.75 g of methyl cellosolve in a 30 mL sample bottle. 100 ⁇ m ⁇ ZrO2 beads (Nikkato Zirconia Ball YTZ Series, Ltd.) were added to this, and the mixture was dispersed for 1 hour using a paint shaker (Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
• a new sample bottle was prepared, and the dispersion containing the spherical strontium titanate fine particle powder obtained in the previous step and 50 ⁇ m ⁇ ZrO2 beads (Nikkato Zirconia Ball YTZ Series, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) were added, and the mixture was dispersed again for 2 hours using a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). The ZrO2 beads were then removed to obtain a dispersion with a solid content of 15% by weight, and a particle powder was obtained by the same procedure as in Example 1.
• the solid content of the dispersion adjusted for calculating the particle refractive index was 19.43% by weight, the refractive index of the dispersion was 1.439, and the calculated particle refractive index was 2.186.
• Comparative Examples 2 and 3 A dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder and a surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the surface treatment conditions were changed as shown in Table 2.
• Comparative Example 4 An aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide and an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride were added so that the molar ratio of Sr to Ti was 1.6, and a neutralization reaction was carried out. Then, the aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide and the titanium hydroxide slurry obtained above were charged into a reaction vessel so that the molar ratio of Sr to Ti was 1.5, and a reaction was carried out at 90°C for 3 hours to obtain a white powder of strontium titanate microparticles.
• a dispersion containing surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder and surface-treated spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except for various changes to the surface treatment conditions shown in Table 2.
• the solid content of the dispersion adjusted for calculating the particle refractive index was 19.66% by weight, the refractive index of the dispersion was 1.437, and the calculated particle refractive index was 2.075.
• the coating solution was applied to a PET film (Luminar manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) to a thickness of 12 ⁇ m using KHANDCOATER manufactured by RKPRINTCOATINSTRUMENTS, and cured with an area irradiator (for UV curing) manufactured by CCS Corporation to create a coating film.
• a PET film Luminar manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
• KHANDCOATER manufactured by RKPRINTCOATINSTRUMENTS
• an area irradiator for UV curing
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention is fine and spherical, so that a transparent composite film can be obtained.
• the surface treatment improves the solvent affinity of the surface of the microparticles, so that powders, dispersions, and resin compositions with little aggregation and high dispersion stability can be prepared, and the dispersion stability is also high.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder has few particle defects and is highly crystalline, the dispersion stability is improved and a dispersion without sediment can be obtained.
• the spherical strontium titanate microparticle powder according to the present invention can control the average particle size according to the purpose, and because it is spherical, it is easy to increase the filler filling density in the composite. Therefore, the spherical strontium titanate-based microparticle powder of the present invention is ideal for brightness improvement films used in displays, high refractive index inorganic fillers for resin compositions in diffractive optical elements used in XR (AR, MR, VR) glasses, etc., or high dielectric inorganic fillers for high dielectric resin compositions that can be used in electronic components such as thin film transistors (TFTs).
• TFTs thin film transistors

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