WO2024011751A1 - 一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2024011751A1
WO2024011751A1 PCT/CN2022/120617 CN2022120617W WO2024011751A1 WO 2024011751 A1 WO2024011751 A1 WO 2024011751A1 CN 2022120617 W CN2022120617 W CN 2022120617W WO 2024011751 A1 WO2024011751 A1 WO 2024011751A1
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precursor material
surface area
specific surface
low
ternary cathode
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French (fr)
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方珍奇
李长东
刘更好
阮丁山
石倩茜
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Priority to GBGB2309825.4A priority Critical patent/GB202309825D0/en
Publication of WO2024011751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024011751A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery materials, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a low-sulfur, high-specific-surface-area ternary cathode precursor material.
  • lithium-ion batteries are the most widely used in the field of electric power and energy storage, and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials have the largest market share of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
  • the co-precipitation method that is, metal sulfate, precipitant, and complexing agent are added into the reactor in parallel flow and certain process conditions are controlled for crystallization and precipitation, and then washed and dried. and other steps to obtain hydroxide solid powder.
  • This preparation method uses sulfate as raw material, which will cause the sulfate concentration in the reaction system to be too high.
  • sulfate will be adsorbed on the surface of the sediment particles and enriched in the ternary cathode precursor as the particles grow.
  • the interior and surface of bulk materials affect the electrical properties of ternary materials.
  • the current conventional treatment method is to perform alkali washing or alkali leaching in the washing process section, but this can only reduce the sulfur on the product surface.
  • CN112582605A discloses that during the precipitation process, when the particles grow to a certain particle size, the feed is stopped, the precipitate is washed, and then returned to the reactor to continue growing. In this way, although the sulfur impurities in different shell layers can be removed in stages, the feed is stopped. Materials will reduce production efficiency and can only remove impurities in a spherical shell with a specific radius, causing uneven enrichment of sulfur impurities in the sphere.
  • CN110817975A and CN103342395A disclose reducing the sulfate concentration in the reaction environment by replacing the mother liquor in the reaction process, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing sulfur impurities; however, this method requires maintaining the stability of the reaction environment, and requires accurate supplementation of sulfate raw materials and precipitation. Agents and complexing agents, as well as precise control of parameters such as the temperature of the replenishing liquid. The control is cumbersome and requires high refinement, and the operation is difficult. At the same time, the replenishing process will increase the water consumption per unit product and increase production costs.
  • CN109279661A discloses a method of adding additives and surfactants during the precipitation process to reduce the surface energy of the precipitate, thereby reducing the adsorption of sulfur impurities by the product particles, but the additives and surfactants will also remain inside and on the surface of the product, resulting in Introduction of new impurities.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for preparing a ternary cathode precursor material that reduces the introduction of sulfur impurities.
  • the ternary cathode precursor material prepared by this method not only has a lower sulfur content, It also has a higher specific surface area.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a preparation method of a low-sulfur high specific surface area ternary cathode precursor material, which includes the following steps:
  • a spray device is installed on a continuous filter, and the continuous filter with a spray device is used to concentrate the materials in the reaction kettle.
  • the front section of the continuous filter first removes the mother liquor through negative pressure suction filtration.
  • the material can be oxidized in a uniform and controlled manner, the contact area between oxygen and the material is increased, the oxidation efficiency is improved, the oxidant is introduced into the reactor to avoid impurities and uncontrollable oxidation, and the ternary cathode precursor material is uniformly improved.
  • the specific surface area makes it easier for lithium ions to enter the interior of the particles during sintering of the ternary material, thereby exerting a higher capacity; in the later stage, the hot alkali is evenly sprayed on the filter cake through a spray device with the same width as the filter belt, It can remove SO 4 2- on the surface of material particles and at a certain depth.
  • negative pressure suction filtration can collect the filtrate for recycling, and control the atmosphere above the filter cake to make a certain amount of oxygen evenly contact the filter cake layer. By controlling the amount of oxidation, the Specific surface area of the precipitate.
  • the invention sprays the material during the growth process, so that the material grows and is alkali washed at the same time. It overcomes the defect that traditional hot alkali washing can only remove 1-2 ⁇ m sulfur impurities on the surface and the outermost layer, and reduces sulfur impurities at the source.
  • the introduction
  • the soluble salt solution is a sulfate solution.
  • step S1 the ion concentration of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals in the soluble salt solution is 1-3 mol/L.
  • the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the concentration of the alkali solution is 30%-35%. If the concentration of the alkali solution is too low, the water in the solution will increase, which will reduce the spraying efficiency.
  • the complexing agent is ammonia water, hydrazine hydrate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • step S1 the volume ratio of the soluble salt solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals and the alkali solution is (66-200): (34-40).
  • the volume ratio of the soluble salt solution of the mixed metal of nickel, cobalt and manganese and the alkali solution is determined by the ion concentration of the mixed metal of nickel, cobalt and manganese and the concentration of the alkali solution, and the mixture of nickel, cobalt and manganese
  • the molar ratio of metal ions to hydroxide ions in the alkali solution is 2:1.
  • the volume ratio of the soluble salt solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals and the complexing agent is 100:5-10.
  • the molar ratio of the mixed metal ions of nickel, cobalt and manganese to the complex ions in the complexing agent is 0.01:0.5.
  • the temperature of the reaction kettle is 50-70°C.
  • the stirring speed is 200-500 rpm.
  • the thickness of the filter cake is ⁇ 10 cm. Excessive thickness of the filter cake will affect the efficiency of the hot alkali spray.
  • the feeding speed of the material during concentration is 8-12m/h.
  • the oxygen concentration is 15%-25%.
  • the growth particle size of the material is 10-15 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the material growth is determined according to experimental needs, and in the present invention, it is 10-15 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature of the hot alkali solution is 65-85°C, the concentration is 1%-5%, and the spray speed is 0.5-3m 2 /h.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-sulfur, high-specific-surface-area ternary cathode precursor material.
  • a continuous filter with a spray device is used to concentrate the reaction materials, which can achieve uniformity in the reaction stage.
  • the specific surface area of the ternary cathode precursor material makes it easier for lithium ions to enter the inside of the particles when the ternary material is sintered, thereby exerting a higher capacity; the alkali liquid used in the spraying of the present invention can be recycled, and the ternary material can be recycled. Subsequent washing of the cathode precursor material does not require washing with alkali again, reducing washing water, alkali and wastewater emissions.
  • Figure 1 is a functional schematic diagram of each part of the continuous filter with a spray device according to the present invention; 1. Filter cloth drive shaft, 2. Mother liquor filter disc, 3. Atmosphere supplement, 4. Hot alkali spray, 5. Oxygen partial pressure Instrument, 6. Alkaline liquid filtration, 7. Outer cover, 8. Alkaline liquid recovery, 9. Mother liquor recovery.
  • Figure 2 is an SEM image of the low sulfur high specific surface area ternary cathode precursor material in Example 1.
  • An embodiment of the preparation method of a low-sulfur, high-specific-surface-area ternary cathode precursor material according to the present invention is:
  • step S1 the volume ratio of the sulfate solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals, sodium hydroxide, and ammonia water is 100:37:6; in step S2, the volume ratio above the filter cake The oxygen concentration is 20%; in step S3, stop feeding after the material in the reactor has grown to 10 ⁇ m.
  • step S1 the molar concentration of the sulfate solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals is 1 mol/L.
  • step S1 the molar concentration of the sulfate solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals is 3 mol/L.
  • step S1 the volume ratio of the sulfate solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals to ammonia water is 100:5.
  • step S1 the volume ratio of the sulfate solution of nickel, cobalt, and manganese mixed metals to ammonia water is 100:10.
  • step S2 hot alkali spray is not used.
  • step S2 hot alkali spraying is not used, and hot alkali washing is added in the centrifuge washing stage of step S3.
  • step S2 air was not introduced, but nitrogen was used to contact the filter cake.
  • step S2 the reactor material overflows to a universal microporous concentrator for concentration, and hot alkali washing is added in the centrifuge washing stage in step S3.
  • the preparation method of the ternary cathode precursor material of the present invention can prepare a high-quality ternary cathode precursor material with low sulfur and high specific surface without affecting the production efficiency, and reduces the water content during the preparation process. Consumption, alkali consumption and wastewater discharge have obvious cost advantages.

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，属于锂离子电池材料领域。采用带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机对反应物料进行提浓，能够在反应阶段均匀地去除硫杂质，且对反应环境和生产效率没有影响，也不会引入新的杂质；通过负压抽滤的方式去除母液，可使物料均匀受控地被氧化，均匀地提高了三元正极前驱体材料的比表面积，使烧结时锂离子更容易进入三元正极前驱体材料的颗粒内部，从而发挥出更高的容量；喷淋中所用碱液可循环使用，减少了洗涤用水、用碱和废水排放。

Description

一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池材料领域，具体涉及一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着近几年社会对能源问题的日益关注，各类高科技电子产品迅猛发展，储能材料的开发也进入了高速发展的时期。目前在电动及储能领域应用最广泛的是锂离子电池，而锂离子电池中的正极材料市场占有率最大的是镍钴锰三元材料。
目前市面上的镍钴锰三元材料多采用共沉淀法生产，即将金属硫酸盐、沉淀剂、络合剂并流加入反应釜中并控制一定的工艺条件进行结晶沉淀，然后经过洗涤、烘干等工序得到氢氧化物固体粉末。该制备方法采用硫酸盐作为原料，会使反应体系中的硫酸根浓度过高，在沉淀过程中硫酸根会吸附在沉淀物颗粒表面，并随着颗粒的长大而富集在三元正极前驱体材料的内部和表面，影响三元材料的电性能。
针对此问题，目前常规的处理方法是在洗涤工序段进行碱洗或碱浸，但这样仅能降低产品表面的硫。CN112582605A公开了在沉淀过程中，当颗粒生长到一定粒径时停止进料，将沉淀物进行洗涤，然后返回反应釜继续生长，这样虽然能阶段性地去除不同壳层的硫杂质，但停止进料会降低生产效率，且只能去除特定半径球壳的杂质，造成硫杂质在球体中不均匀富集。CN110817975A和CN103342395A公开了通过置换反应过程中的母液来降低反应环境中的硫酸根浓度，从而达到降低硫杂质的目的；但这种方式需要维持反应环境的稳定，且需要精准补充硫酸盐原料、沉淀剂和络合剂，还要精准控制补充液的温度等参数，控制繁琐且精细化要求高，操作难度大，同时补液工艺会增加单位产品的水耗，提高了生产成本。CN109279661A公开了在沉淀过程中加入添加剂和表面活性剂的方法来降低沉淀物表面能，以此降低产物颗粒对硫杂质的吸附，但添 加剂和表面活性剂也会残留在产物的内部和表面，导致新杂质的引入。
因此，开发一种可从源头上降低硫杂质的引入，且不引入其他新杂质、不降低生产效率的镍钴锰三元材料的制备方法是目前研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足而提供一种降低硫杂质引入的三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，该方法制备得到的三元正极前驱体材料不仅具有较低的硫含量，还具有较高的比表面积。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
S1、将镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液、碱液和络合剂按照所需比例混合，并在反应釜中进行搅拌；
S2、采用带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机对反应釜中的物料进行提浓，先将物料中的母液进行负压抽滤形成滤饼，再将热碱液通过喷淋装置喷洒至滤饼，并使滤饼与氧气接触，最后刮下滤饼，再次将物料返回反应釜继续生长；
S3、待物料生长至所需粒径后停止进料，对物料进行陈化、水洗、干燥、筛分和除磁，即得所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料。
本发明在连续式过滤机上安装喷淋装置，并采用带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机对反应釜中的物料进行提浓，连续式过滤机的前段先通过负压抽滤的方式去除母液，可以使物料均匀受控的被氧化，增大氧气与物料的接触面积，使氧化效率提高，避免反应釜内通氧化剂引入杂质和造成氧化不可控，均匀提高了所述三元正极前驱体材料的比表面积，使所述三元材料在烧结时锂离子更容易进入颗粒内部，从而发挥出更高容量；后段将热碱通过与滤带等宽的喷淋装置均匀地喷洒在滤饼上，可去除物料颗粒表面和及一定深度的SO 4 2-，同时负压抽滤可收集滤液循环使用，并控制滤饼上方的气氛使一定量的氧气与滤饼层均匀接触，通过控制氧化量提高沉淀物的比表面。
本发明在物料生长的过程中进行喷淋，使物料一边生长一边碱洗，克服了传统热碱洗涤只能去除表面和最外层1-2μm的硫杂质的缺陷，在源头上降低了硫杂质的引入。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，可溶性盐溶液为硫酸盐溶液。
更优选地，所述步骤S1中，可溶性盐溶液中镍、钴、锰混合金属的离子浓度为1-3mol/L。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液。
更优选地，所述步骤S1中，碱液的浓度为30％-35％，碱液浓度过低，溶液中水分增多，会使喷淋效率降低。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，络合剂为氨水、水合肼或乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液和碱液的体积比为(66-200):(34-40)。
需要说明的是，本发明中镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液和碱液的体积比由镍、钴、锰混合金属的离子浓度和碱液的浓度决定，且镍、钴、锰混合金属离子与碱液中氢氧根离子的摩尔比为2:1。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液和络合剂的体积比为100:5-10。
需要说明的是，本发明中镍、钴、锰混合金属离子与络合剂中络合离子的摩尔比为0.01：0.5。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，反应釜的温度为50-70℃。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，搅拌速度为200-500rpm。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，滤饼厚度＜10cm，滤饼厚度过大会影响热碱喷淋的效率。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，提浓时物料的进料速度为8-12m/h。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，氧气浓度为15％-25％。
优选地，所述步骤S3中，物料生长粒径为10-15μm。
需要说明的是，物料生长的粒径根据实验需要确定，本发明为10-15μm。
优选地，所述步骤S3中，热碱液的温度为65-85℃，浓度为1％-5％，喷淋速度为0.5-3m 2/h。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提供了一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，采用带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机对反应物料进行提浓，能够在反应阶段均匀地去除硫杂质，且对反应体系环境和生产效率几乎没有影响，也不会引入新的杂质；通过负压抽滤的方式去除母液，可以使物料均匀受控地 被氧化，均匀地提高了所述三元正极前驱体材料的比表面积，使所述三元材料在烧结时锂离子更容易进入颗粒内部，从而发挥出更高的容量；本发明喷淋中所用碱液可循环使用，且三元正极前驱体材料后续洗涤也不需要再次用碱洗涤，减少了洗涤用水、用碱和废水排放。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机各部分功能示意图；1、滤布传动轴，2、母液滤盘，3、气氛补充，4、热碱喷，5、氧分压仪，6、碱液滤，7、外罩，8、碱液回收，9、母液回收。
图2为实施例1中低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的SEM图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明所述一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法的一种实施例，本实施例所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法为：
S1、将2mol/L的镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液、32％的氢氧化钠、20％的氨水以100:37:8体积比并流加入反应釜中，在60℃的温度下以300rpm的速度进行搅拌；
S2、将反应釜溢流出的物料通过泵输送到图1所示的过滤机中，先将物料中的母液进行负压抽滤，调节挡板控制滤饼的厚度为7cm，进料速度为10m/h，滤饼上方的氧气浓度18％，热碱温度为80℃，热碱浓度为2％，热碱喷淋速度为1m 3/h，物料输送至过滤机末端由刮刀刮下，经过对辊破碎后再返回反应釜液面下方；
S3、待反应釜物料生长至15μm后停止进料，对物料进行离心机水洗、盘干机烘干，即得到所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液、氢氧化钠、氨水的体积比为100:37:6；步骤S2中，滤饼上方氧气浓 度20％；步骤S3中，待反应釜物料生长至10μm后停止进料。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液的摩尔浓度为1mol/L。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液的摩尔浓度为3mol/L。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液和氨水的体积比为100:5。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的硫酸盐溶液和氨水的体积比为100:10。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S2中，未使用热碱喷淋。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S2中，未使用热碱喷淋，且在步骤S3离心机洗涤阶段增加热碱洗涤。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于：步骤S2中，未通入空气，而是采用氮气与滤饼接触。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于：所述步骤S2中，反应釜物料溢流到通用的微孔浓缩机进行提浓，且在步骤S3离心机洗涤阶段增加热碱洗涤。
效果例
将上述实施例1-6、对比例1-4的三元正极前驱体材料的硫含量进行测定，并采用BET测试法对比表面积进行测试，结果如下表1所示。
表1
编号 S含量(wt％) BET(m 2/g)
实施例1 0.035 16.7
实施例2 0.030 18.5
实施例3 0.032 17.2
实施例4 0.047 16.3
实施例5 0.038 17.6
实施例6 0.032 15.9
对比例1 0.280 14.3
对比例2 0.195 14.8
对比例3 0.055 10.2
对比例4 0.205 9.7
结果如表1所示，实施例1-6中在物料生长过程中采用喷淋热碱液的方式去除硫杂质，除硫效果显著，硫含量均较低，且可以从源头去除硫杂质，且在滤饼上方控制氧气含量，对物料进行氧化，可以使晶须明显细化，使所述三元正极前驱体材料形貌均匀，显著提高了三元正极前驱体材料的比表面积；而对比例1由于未采用热碱喷淋的方式，硫含量较高，对比例2虽采用热碱洗涤，但是是在步骤S3洗料阶段进行常规碱洗，只能去除约30％的硫杂质，硫含量高达0.195％；对比例3由于未对物料进行氧化，使最终三元正极前驱体材料的比表 面积较低；对比例4由于未采用负压抽滤和热碱喷淋，且在步骤S3洗料阶段进行常规碱洗，最终三元正极前驱体材料的硫含量较高，比表面积也较低。
综上，本发明所述三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法可以在不影响生产效率的前提下制备出低硫高比表面的高品质三元正极前驱体材料，且降低了制备过程中的水耗、碱耗和废水排放，具有明显的成本优势。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
    S1、将镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液、碱液和络合剂按照所需比例混合，并在反应釜中进行搅拌；
    S2、采用带喷淋装置的连续式过滤机对反应釜中的物料进行提浓，先将物料中的母液进行负压抽滤形成滤饼，再将热碱液通过喷淋装置喷洒至滤饼，并使滤饼与氧气接触，最后刮下滤饼，再次将物料返回反应釜继续生长；
    S3、待物料生长至所需粒径后停止进料，对物料进行陈化、水洗、干燥、筛分和除磁，即得所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，可溶性盐溶液为硫酸盐溶液。
  3. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，可溶性盐溶液中镍、钴、锰混合金属的离子浓度为1-3mol/L。
  4. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液。
  5. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，碱液的浓度为30％-35％。
  6. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液和碱液的体积比为(66-200):(34-40)。
  7. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，镍、钴、锰混合金属的可溶性盐溶液和络合剂的体积比为100:5-10。
  8. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，反应釜的温度为50-70℃，搅拌速度为200-500rpm。
  9. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，滤饼厚度＜10cm。
  10. 如权利要求1所述低硫高比表面积三元正极前驱体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，热碱液的温度为65-85℃，浓度为1％-5％，喷淋速度为0.5-3m 2/h。
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