WO2023207247A1 - 一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023207247A1
WO2023207247A1 PCT/CN2023/074951 CN2023074951W WO2023207247A1 WO 2023207247 A1 WO2023207247 A1 WO 2023207247A1 CN 2023074951 W CN2023074951 W CN 2023074951W WO 2023207247 A1 WO2023207247 A1 WO 2023207247A1
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cobalt oxide
porous spherical
oxide particles
cobalt
spherical cobalt
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PCT/CN2023/074951
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English (en)
French (fr)
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余海军
谢英豪
李爱霞
张学梅
李长东
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Priority to GBGB2314790.3A priority Critical patent/GB202314790D0/en
Priority to DE112023000121.9T priority patent/DE112023000121T5/de
Priority to HU2400109A priority patent/HUP2400109A1/hu
Publication of WO2023207247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023207247A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32—Spheres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery cathode materials, and particularly relates to porous spherical cobalt oxide particles and a preparation method thereof.
  • Lithium cobalt oxide electrode material has high specific capacity and good cycle stability. It is currently a cathode material widely used in the 3C field. With the rapid development of 3C electronic products, manufacturers continue to improve the processing performance of lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials. and electrochemical performance put forward higher requirements. Lithium cobalt oxide is the earliest cathode material for commercialized lithium-ion batteries. In practical applications, it is still one of the cathode materials with the highest compaction density.
  • Cobalt tetroxide is an important raw material for preparing lithium cobalt oxide, the cathode material of lithium-ion batteries. Its physical and chemical properties will have a great impact on the performance of the cathode material lithium cobalt oxide and the battery. Battery-grade cobalt tetroxide removal requires high purity and tap density. In addition, there are certain requirements for its morphology and particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the cobalt tetroxide prepared by the existing cobalt tetroxide preparation method is small, which affects the rapid charge and discharge performance of the cathode material. In addition, the battery prepared by the existing cobalt tetroxide has a small specific capacity and cannot meet the increasingly higher requirements of the battery industry. .
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes porous spherical cobalt oxide particles and a preparation method thereof.
  • the cobalt oxide particles prepared by the preparation method have a large specific surface area and can significantly increase the specific capacity of the battery.
  • a method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles including the following steps: (1) mixing cobalt salt solution, thiourea and urea to form a mixed liquid; (2) heating the mixed liquid of step (1) and heating it in the presence of The reaction is carried out in an oxygen atmosphere; (3) solid-liquid separation is performed, and the obtained solid product is roasted in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a roasted material; (4) the roasted material obtained in step (3) is washed and dried, that is, it is multi-porous Spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • the cobalt salt in the cobalt salt solution in step (1) is at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, and cobalt nitrate.
  • the concentration of the cobalt salt solution in step (1) is 0.05-1.0 mol/L.
  • the concentration of thiourea in the mixed solution of step (1) is 0.05-1.0 mol/L.
  • the concentration of urea in the mixed solution of step (1) is 0.2-2.5 mol/L.
  • the reaction temperature in step (2) is 160-180°C, and the reaction temperature is maintained for 8-12 hours.
  • the pressure of the oxygen atmosphere in step (2) is 0.1-1.0MPa.
  • the roasting temperature in step (3) is 500-750°C, and the roasting time is 2-6 hours.
  • the washing method in step (4) is to first wash with ethanol and then wash with pure water.
  • the drying temperature in step (4) is 80-120°C, and the drying time is 2-4 hours.
  • a method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles includes the following steps:
  • the cobalt salt is at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, and cobalt nitrate;
  • step (2) Add the cobalt salt solution in step (1) into the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 3/5-4/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 80-120°C for 2-4 hours to form porous spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • a porous spherical cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a lithium cobalt oxide cathode material is obtained by sintering after compounding lithium carbonate and the above-mentioned porous spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • a battery includes the lithium cobalt oxide cathode material as described above.
  • the method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles of the present invention uses a mixed solution of cobalt salt, urea, and thiourea to perform a hydrothermal reaction in a reaction kettle, and applies air under a certain pressure during the reaction process to obtain sulfur-doped content.
  • the cobalt particles are then roasted and washed with water to remove sulfur to obtain cobalt oxide (a mixture of cobalt tetroxide and cobalt trioxide). compound).
  • the reaction equation is as follows:
  • thiourea is decomposed to produce sulfide ions.
  • the generated cobalt precipitate can crystallize better. On the one hand, it avoids the direct addition of sulfide ions, which causes excessive precipitation and produces non-spherical shapes. waste; on the other hand, the addition of sulfide ions replaces the oxygen atoms in the crystal lattice, creating atomic vacancies when further roasting and washing to remove sulfur.
  • lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials it can accommodate more lithium and improve the material. specific capacity.
  • Cobalt particles By adding air during the hydrothermal process and increasing the reaction temperature, cobalt can be directly oxidized to obtain hydrothermally synthesized cobalt tetroxide particles; at the same time, cobalt sulfide is further precipitated and oxidized into cobalt hydroxysulfide, and during roasting, 2 Cobalt particles, appropriately increasing the trivalent cobalt content, can further reduce the cation mixing during subsequent cobalt-lithium sintering and improve the cycle performance of the material.
  • the finally obtained cobalt oxide particles are porous and spherical, with a high specific surface area, which facilitates the deintercalation of lithium ions during the charge and discharge process of the prepared lithium cobalt oxide material, ensuring that the final battery has better rapid charge and discharge. performance.
  • Figure 1 is an SEM image of cobalt oxide particles prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • a method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • step 2 Add the cobalt sulfate solution in step 1 to the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 3/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 80°C for 4 hours to form porous spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • a porous spherical cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • the SEM picture of the cobalt oxide particle is shown in Figure 1.
  • a method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • step 2 Add the cobalt chloride solution in step 1 to the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 7/10 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 100°C for 3 hours to form porous spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • a porous spherical cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a method for preparing porous spherical cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • step 2 Add the cobalt nitrate solution in step 1 to the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 4/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 120°C for 2 hours to form porous spherical cobalt oxide particles.
  • a porous spherical cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a method for preparing cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • step 2 Add the cobalt sulfate solution in step 1 to the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 3/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 80°C for 4 hours to obtain cobalt oxide particles.
  • a cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a method for preparing cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 100°C for 3 hours to obtain cobalt oxide particles.
  • a cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a method for preparing cobalt oxide particles including the following steps:
  • step 2 Add the cobalt nitrate solution in step 1 to the high-pressure reaction kettle, the amount added is 4/5 of the volume of the reaction kettle;
  • the roasted material is first washed with ethanol, then washed with pure water, and then dried at 120°C for 2 hours to obtain cobalt oxide particles.
  • a cobalt oxide particle is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • the cobalt oxides obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were mixed with lithium carbonate respectively, controlling the molar ratio of Li:Co to 1.06, and placed in a push plate kiln for high-temperature solid-phase sintering.
  • the sintering temperature The temperature was 1000°C, the sintering time was 12 hours, and lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials were obtained respectively; the lithium cobalt oxide materials obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used as active materials, acetylene black was used as the conductive agent, and PVDF was used as the binder.
  • the battery has a large specific capacity, and the discharge capacity of the battery (0.1C/4.48V) can be Reaching 248.3mAh/g and above, the highest can reach 249.9mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate after 600 cycles of 0.1C/4.48V is 84% and above, the highest can reach 86%, while comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example respectively 1.
  • Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 show that when other conditions remain unchanged, thiourea is not added to the hydrothermal reaction, and air is not introduced, the final product is obtained.
  • the battery's discharge capacity (0.1C/4.48V) and capacity retention rate after 600 cycles will decrease significantly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）将钴盐溶液、硫脲及尿素混合，形成混合液；（2）将步骤（1）的混合液加热并在有氧气氛下进行反应；（3）固液分离，将所得固体产物在有氧气氛下进行焙烧，得到焙烧料；（4）将步骤（3）得到的焙烧料进行洗涤，干燥，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。由该制备方法制备得到的钴氧化物颗粒具有较大的比表面积，能显著提升电池的比容量。

Description

一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于锂电池正极材料技术领域，特别涉及一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
钴酸锂电极材料具有较高的比容量和良好的循环稳定性能，是目前广泛应用于3C领域的正极材料，随着3C电子产品的快速发展，制造厂商不断对钴酸锂正极材料的加工性能和电化学性能提出更高的要求。钴酸锂作为最早实现商业化的锂离子电池正极材料，在实际应用中它目前仍然是压实密度最高的正极材料之一。
四氧化三钴作为制备锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂的重要原料，其物理化学性能对正极材料钴酸锂以及电池的性能将产生较大的影响，电池级四氧化三钴除要求具备较高的纯度和振实密度外，其形貌、粒度分布还有一定的要求。现有的四氧化三钴的制备方法制备得到的四氧化三钴的比表面积较小，影响正极材料的快速充放电性能，此外现有的四氧化三钴制备得到的电池比容量较小，不能满足越来越高的电池行业要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒及其制备方法，该制备方法制备得到的钴氧化物颗粒具有较大的比表面积，能显著提升电池的比容量。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)将钴盐溶液、硫脲及尿素混合，形成混合液；(2)将步骤(1)的混合液加热并在有氧气氛下进行反应；(3)固液分离，将所得固体产物在有氧气氛下进行焙烧，得到焙烧料；(4)将步骤(3)得到的焙烧料进行洗涤，干燥，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
优选的，步骤(1)中钴盐溶液中的钴盐为硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴中的至少一种。
优选的，步骤(1)中钴盐溶液的浓度为0.05-1.0mol/L。
优选的，步骤(1)的混合液中硫脲的浓度为0.05-1.0mol/L。
优选的，步骤(1)的混合液中尿素的浓度为0.2-2.5mol/L。
优选的，步骤(2)中的反应温度为160-180℃，并维持反应温度8-12h。
优选的，步骤(2)中有氧气氛的压力为0.1-1.0MPa。
优选的，步骤(3)中焙烧的温度为500-750℃，焙烧的时间为2-6h。
优选的，步骤(4)中洗涤的方法为先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤。
优选的，步骤(4)中干燥的温度为80-120℃，干燥时间为2-4h。
优选的，一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为0.05-1.0mol/L的钴盐溶液，钴盐为硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴中的至少一种；
(2)将步骤(1)中的钴盐溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的3/5-4/5；
(3)向反应釜中加入硫脲、尿素，使硫脲的浓度达到0.05-1.0mol/L，尿素浓度为0.2-2.5mol/L；
(4)向反应釜内通入空气，并控制反应釜内空气压力为0.1-1.0MPa；
(5)将反应釜加热至160-180℃，维持反应温度8-12h；
(6)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在空气或氧气气氛下，焙烧2-6h，焙烧温度500-750℃，得到焙烧料；
(7)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在80-120℃下干燥2-4h，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒，由如上所述的制备方法制备得到。
一种钴酸锂正极材料，由碳酸锂与上述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒配料后烧结得到。
一种电池，包括如上所述的钴酸锂正极材料。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法以钴盐、尿素、硫脲的混合液在反应釜中进行水热反应，并在反应过程中施以一定压力的空气，得到掺杂硫的含钴颗粒，再经焙烧、水洗除硫后，得到钴氧化物(四氧化三钴与三氧化二钴的混 合物)。其反应方程式如下：
水热反应时：
CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2
CS(NH2)2+2H2O→2NH3+CO2+H2S
NH3·H2O→NH4++OH-
CO2+H2O→CO3 2-+2H+
Co2++S2-→CoS
4CoS+O2+2H2O→4CoSOH
Co2++(1-0.5y)CO3 2-+yOH-→Co(OH)y(CO3)1-0.5y
6Co(OH)y(CO3)1-0.5y+O2→2Co3O4+3yH2O+(6-3y)CO2
焙烧反应时：
2CoSOH+3O2→Co2O3+H2O+2SO2
在整个水热反应过程中，利用硫脲分解产生硫离子，在硫离子的诱导下，生成的钴沉淀物能够更好的结晶，一方面，避免直接加入硫离子导致沉淀过快，产生非球形的废料；另一方面，硫离子的加入替代了晶格中的氧原子，在后续进一步焙烧水洗除硫时产生原子空位，在用于钴酸锂正极材料时能够容纳更多的锂，提高材料的比容量。
通过水热过程中空气的加入，以及反应温度的提高，可直接对钴进行氧化，得到水热合成的四氧化三钴颗粒；同时，进一步使硫化钴沉淀氧化为羟基硫化钴，焙烧时，生成三氧化二钴颗粒，适当的提高三价钴含量，能进一步减少后续钴锂烧结时的阳离子混排，提高材料的循环性能。
最后得到的钴氧化物颗粒为多孔的球形，具有较高的比表面积，利于制备的钴酸锂材料在充放电过程中锂离子的脱嵌，保证最终制得的电池具有较好的快速充放电性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备得到的钴氧化物颗粒的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1：
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为0.05mol/L的硫酸钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的硫酸钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的3/5；
(3)向反应釜中加入硫脲、尿素，使硫脲的浓度达到0.05mol/L，尿素浓度为0.2mol/L；
(4)向反应釜内通入空气，并控制反应釜内空气压力为0.1MPa；
(5)将反应釜加热至160℃，维持反应温度12h；
(6)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在空气气氛下，焙烧6h，焙烧温度500℃，得到焙烧料；
(7)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在80℃下干燥4h，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到，钴氧化物颗粒的SEM图如图1所示。
实施例2：
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的氯化钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的7/10；
(3)向反应釜中加入硫脲、尿素，使硫脲的浓度达到0.5mol/L，尿素浓度为1.5mol/L；
(4)向反应釜内通入空气，并控制反应釜内空气压力为0.5MPa；
(5)将反应釜加热至170℃，维持反应温度10h；
(6)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在氧气气氛下，焙烧4h，焙烧温度650℃，得到焙烧料；
(7)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在100℃下干燥3h，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到。
实施例3：
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为1.0mol/L的硝酸钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的硝酸钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的4/5；
(3)向反应釜中加入硫脲、尿素，使硫脲的浓度达到1.0mol/L，尿素浓度为2.5mol/L；
(4)向反应釜内通入空气，并控制反应釜内空气压力为1.0MPa；
(5)将反应釜加热至180℃，维持反应温度8h；
(6)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在氧气气氛下，焙烧2h，焙烧温度750℃，得到焙烧料；
(7)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在120℃下干燥2h，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到。
对比例1：
一种钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为0.05mol/L的硫酸钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的硫酸钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的3/5；
(3)向反应釜中加入尿素，使尿素浓度为0.2mol/L；
(4)将反应釜加热至160℃，维持反应温度12h；
(5)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在空气气氛下，焙烧6h，焙烧温度500℃，得到焙烧料；
(6)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在80℃下干燥4h，即得钴氧化物颗粒。
一种钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到。
对比例2：
一种钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的氯化钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积 的7/10；
(3)向反应釜中加入尿素，使尿素浓度为1.5mol/L；
(4)将反应釜加热至170℃，维持反应温度10h；
(5)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在氧气气氛下，焙烧4h，焙烧温度650℃，得到焙烧料；
(6)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在100℃下干燥3h，即得钴氧化物颗粒。
一种钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到。
对比例3：
一种钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制浓度为1.0mol/L的硝酸钴溶液；
(2)将步骤1中的硝酸钴溶液加入到高压反应釜中，加入量为反应釜体积的4/5；
(3)向反应釜中加入尿素，使尿素浓度为2.5mol/L；
(4)将反应釜加热至180℃，维持反应温度8h；
(5)反应结束后，固液分离，将所得固体产物经烘干后，在氧气气氛下，焙烧2h，焙烧温度750℃，得到焙烧料；
(6)焙烧料先用乙醇洗涤，再用纯水洗涤，然后在120℃下干燥2h，即得钴氧化物颗粒。
一种钴氧化物颗粒，由上述制备方法制备得到。
试验例：
1.分别测试实施例1-3及对比例1-3的钴氧化物颗粒的比表面积，测试结果如表1所示：
表1：比表面积测试结果：

2.将实施例1-3与对比例1-3得到的钴氧化物分别与碳酸锂进行配料，控制Li:Co的摩尔比为1.06，置于推板窑中进行高温固相烧结，烧结温度为1000℃，烧结时间为12h，分别得钴酸锂正极材料；以实施例1-3和对比例1-3得到的钴酸锂材料为活性材料，乙炔黑为导电剂，PVDF为粘结剂，以92:4:4的比例称取活性材料、导电剂、粘结剂，并加入一定量的有机溶剂NMP，搅拌后涂覆于铝箔上制成正极片，负极采用金属锂片，在充满氩气的手套箱内制成CR2430型纽扣电池。在CT2001A型蓝电测试系统进行电性能测试。测试条件：3.0-4.48V，电流密度1C＝180mAh/g，测试温度为25±1℃。测试结果如表2所示。
表2：电性能测试测试结果
由表1可知，本发明的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的比表面积能达到5.3m2/g及以上，最高能达到6.7m2/g，同时分别对比实施例1与对比例1，实施例2与对比例2，实施例3与对比例3可知，当在其它条件不变的情况下，水热反应中不加入硫脲，且不通入空气的情况下，最终制得的钴氧化物颗粒的比表面积会大幅下降。
由表2可知，使用本发明的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒制备而成的钴酸锂正极材料组装成电池后，电池具有较大的比容量，电池的放电容量(0.1C/4.48V)能 达到248.3mAh/g及以上，最高能达到249.9mAh/g，且0.1C/4.48V循环600次后容量保持率在84％及以上，最高能达到86％，同时分别对比实施例1与对比例1，实施例2与对比例2，实施例3与对比例3可知，当在其它条件不变的情况下，水热反应中不加入硫脲，且不通入空气的情况下，最终制得的电池的放电容量(0.1C/4.48V)及循环600次容量保持率均会大幅度下降。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    (1)将钴盐溶液、硫脲及尿素混合，形成混合液；
    (2)将步骤(1)的混合液加热并在有氧气氛下进行反应；
    (3)固液分离，将所得固体产物在有氧气氛下进行焙烧，得到焙烧料；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的焙烧料进行洗涤，干燥，即得多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中钴盐溶液中的钴盐为硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中钴盐溶液的浓度为0.05-1.0mol/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)的混合液中硫脲的浓度为0.05-1.0mol/L。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)的混合液中尿素的浓度为0.2-2.5mol/L。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中的反应温度为160-180℃，并维持反应温度8-12h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中有氧气氛的压力为0.1-1.0MPa。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中焙烧的温度为500-750℃，焙烧的时间为2-6h。
  9. 一种多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒，其特征在于：由权利要求1至8中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
  10. 一种钴酸锂正极材料，其特征在于：由碳酸锂与权利要求9所述的多孔隙球形钴氧化物颗粒配料后烧结得到。
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