WO2023284096A1 - 一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置 - Google Patents

一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023284096A1
WO2023284096A1 PCT/CN2021/117107 CN2021117107W WO2023284096A1 WO 2023284096 A1 WO2023284096 A1 WO 2023284096A1 CN 2021117107 W CN2021117107 W CN 2021117107W WO 2023284096 A1 WO2023284096 A1 WO 2023284096A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
pin shaft
chain
shaft
roller frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/117107
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐惠荣
王帅
应义斌
Original Assignee
浙江大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Publication of WO2023284096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023284096A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G17/00—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
    • B65G17/30—Details; Auxiliary devices
    • B65G17/38—Chains or like traction elements; Connections between traction elements and load-carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G17/00—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
    • B65G17/30—Details; Auxiliary devices
    • B65G17/46—Means for holding or retaining the loads in fixed position on the load-carriers, e.g. magnetic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G43/00—Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting
    • B65G43/08—Control devices operated by article or material being fed, conveyed or discharged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/34—Devices for discharging articles or materials from conveyor 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
    • B65G2201/02—Articles
    • B65G2201/0202—Agricultural and processed food products
    • B65G2201/0211—Fruits and vegetables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2203/00—Indexing code relating to control or detection of the articles or the load carriers during conveying
    • B65G2203/04—Detection means
    • B65G2203/042—Sensors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a conveying and sorting device for agricultural products in the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a roller conveying device for sorting fruits and vegetables.
  • roller-type fruit cups are usually used to convey and sort fruits and vegetables, but some common roller-type conveying fruit cups often only have a single function such as fruit and vegetable conveying and turning and unloading, which cannot satisfy the diversity. demand.
  • some multi-functional conveying fruit cups usually have a more complex structure and a larger number of parts, requiring high assembly precision, and are prone to interference or bad friction between parts during use, resulting in equipment damage.
  • some fruit cups usually use spring traction, electromagnet adsorption, or other device-assisted reset methods after completing unloading and sorting, which makes the overall structure of the fruit cup complicated, and has disadvantages such as high maintenance cost and unreliable structure.
  • the patent with the notification number CN104014488 B proposes a fruit cup mechanism and a fruit processing system for non-destructive testing and weighing unloading of fruit, which mainly includes parts such as supporting decks, claw-type dials, and roller bodies. In place, the claw-type dial flips up around the floating hinge assembly to unload the fruit.
  • the limitation of this patent is that the hinged structure can only be flipped on one side. This greatly limits the operational flexibility and performance of the delivery device. In the case of the same number of sorting ports, the length of the production line increases and the occupied space becomes larger.
  • the patent with the publication number US2013/0334109 A1 proposes a production line for sorting agricultural products.
  • the production line includes a first conveying section and a second conveying section.
  • the first conveying section consists of trays, which continue from the loading section to the unloading section, and are used to transport agricultural products forward.
  • the second conveying section consists of rollers installed in the gap between the trays, which make the material tumble.
  • the patent divides the production line into multiple sections, each section is driven separately, and different structures are used to achieve different functions. This multi-stage conveying mechanism makes the production line structure complex, and the installation and maintenance costs are high.
  • the present invention proposes a roller conveying device for fruit and vegetable sorting, which only includes a small number of parts, and has a simple matching and connection mechanism, which can realize the conveying, rolling, weighing and unloading of fruits and vegetables And the automatic reset function of the mechanism.
  • It includes a chain assembly and a conveying unit on which fruits and vegetables are placed;
  • the chain assembly includes a transmission chain and a chain support rod, the transmission chain is on the chain support rod, and the chain support rod is installed under the transmission chain and contacts with the transmission chain to play a supporting role; unit;
  • the conveying unit includes outer rollers, roller brackets, pin shafts, rubber bushes, roller shafts and support holders; the two outer rollers are coaxially fixed on both ends of the roller shafts, and there are rubber bushes outside the roller shafts.
  • the shaft can be movably set in the special-shaped hole groove on the top of the roller frame.
  • the axial direction of the roller shaft is arranged perpendicular to the transmission direction of the transmission chain.
  • the seat is installed on the transmission chain.
  • the fruits and vegetables of the present invention are spherical fruits and vegetables, such as potatoes, citrus and apples.
  • the main body of the roller frame is a U-shaped frame composed of a bottom plate in the middle and vertical plates on both sides of the bottom plate.
  • the sliding groove of the roller shaft is a waist-shaped groove along the vertical direction in the length direction.
  • the roller shaft is movable in the two roller shaft sliding grooves of the vertical plates on both sides and moves up and down; the vertical plates on both sides are on the downstream side along the transmission chain. Supporting claws are connected between them, and the supporting claws are arranged from the middle of the vertical plate along the conveying direction of the transmission chain in an inclined upward direction.
  • the middle part of the shaft is supported and supported; the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the roller frame is fixedly provided with a cuboid card seat connection platform, and there are two pin shaft installation holes symmetrically on the card seat connection platform, and a pin shaft is all installed in each pin shaft installation hole.
  • the supporting deck is mainly composed of two parts fixedly connected to the lower chain deck and the upper roller frame deck; the chain deck is connected and installed to the transmission chain; the roller frame deck includes Two side plates arranged at intervals in the conveying direction, one side of the two side plates is provided with a pin shaft sliding groove group, and the other side of the two side plates is provided with another pin shaft sliding groove group, each pin shaft sliding groove group It includes two pin shaft sliding grooves with special-shaped hole grooves set on the two side plates and along the same transmission direction of the transmission chain, and the two pin shaft sliding grooves on each side plate are arranged symmetrically; between the two side plates A rectangular parallelepiped mounting notch is formed, so that the rectangular parallelepiped card seat connecting platform is embedded in the installing notch; the pin shafts of the two pin shaft mounting holes on the card seat connecting platform respectively pass through a pin shaft sliding groove group, and the pin shaft passes through the pin shaft sliding groove group.
  • the two pin shaft sliding grooves in the shaft sliding groove group make the bottom of the roller frame and the top of
  • Both sides of the card seat connection platform of the roller stand are symmetrically equipped with two limit slopes in the form of chamfered structures.
  • the two limit slopes on each side are divided into limit slopes I and limit slopes arranged in sequence from bottom to top. ;
  • the bottom of the installation notch between the two side plates of the roller frame holder is provided with a limit slope III inclined upward and outward, and the limit slope III is used to match the limit slope I and limit slope II on the roller frame Cooperate to play a limiting role.
  • the two side plates of the roller frame holder protrude upward along the direction of the transmission chain at least one of the side plates forms a limit boss; the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the roller frame above the limit boss is provided with a limit card groove, which limits The positioning boss is used to fit into the limit card slot for cooperation, so as to ensure that it is stable during the conveying process and will not turn sideways.
  • Weighing points are arranged at the four corners of the bottom plate of the roller frame, and the weighing points are divided into two outer weighing points located downstream and two inner weighing points located upstream, and two outer weighing points
  • the bottom plate of the roller frame is respectively arranged on both sides close to the downstream of the transmission direction of the transmission chain, and the two inner weighing points are also respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom plate of the roller frame close to the upstream of the transmission direction of the transmission chain.
  • the two outer sides of the middle part of the bottom plate of the roller frame are provided with sorting levers for being driven to drive the roller frame to tilt and unload.
  • the roller shaft includes a center roller, a tapered mounting block and a rotating shaft; the center roller is coaxially fixed and set in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the center roller is covered with a rubber bush; both ends of the roller shaft are coaxially fixed with a tapered mounting block, and the cone
  • the shaped mounting block is fitted in the tapered mounting hole of the outer roller with an interference fit; the parts of the rotating shaft on both sides of the central roller are respectively installed in the two roller shaft sliding grooves of the roller frame, and move up and down in the roller shaft sliding grooves.
  • the shape of the individual pin sliding groove is a special-shaped notch
  • the main body of the pin sliding groove is a strip-shaped through groove arranged vertically up and down
  • the top of the strip-shaped through groove is adjacent to an upper circle on the side near the center of the side plate.
  • the bottom of the strip-shaped through-groove is adjacent to the side near the center of the side plate and is connected with a lower circular through-hole; the width of the strip-shaped through-groove, the diameter of the upper circular through-hole, the lower circle
  • the diameter of the shaped through hole is the same as the diameter of the pin shaft, so that the pin shaft moves up and down along the strip-shaped through-slot, can move through the top of the strip-shaped through-slot into the upper circular through-hole, and can move through the bottom of the strip-shaped through-slot into the lower circular through hole.
  • the distances between the centers of the lower circular through holes of the slide grooves are all equal, and equal to the distance between the two pin shaft mounting holes on the card holder connection platform.
  • the chain support bar of the chain assembly is sequentially divided into four working areas of the production line material section, the production line inspection section, the production line weighing section, and the production line sorting section along the transmission direction of the transmission chain;
  • the detection section support guide rail and the transmission chain at the detection section of the production line and each conveying unit are located in the detection dark box;
  • a load cell is arranged on the support rail of the weighing section, and the load cell is used to connect with the weighing point of the roller frame in the conveying unit;
  • a flexible roller and a sorting outlet are installed under the transmission chain. Located under the flexible roller, the flexible roller is coaxially connected with the flexible roller drive motor.
  • the load cell is a bar sensor arranged along the direction of the supporting rail of the weighing section.
  • the invention can realize the functions of conveying, tumbling, weighing and unloading of fruits and vegetables.
  • the conveying unit relies on the outer rollers, central rollers and supporting claws to support the fruits and vegetables; relies on the mutual cooperation between multiple limit slopes, limit bosses and limit card slots to act as a limit to ensure the conveying unit.
  • Stable operation relying on four staggered inner and outer weighing points to realize fruit and vegetable weighing; the whole device can be tilted to complete the unloading by moving the sorting lever;
  • the coordinated movement realizes the lifting, flipping and resetting of the roller frame and the roller shaft.
  • the invention can be used for conveying, detecting, weighing and sorting fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, citrus and apples, and can effectively avoid damage to the fruits and vegetables at the same time.
  • the conveying unit proposed by the present invention can realize the conveying, tumbling, weighing, unloading and automatic reset function of the conveying unit for fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, citrus and apples, and the mechanism has few parts, compact volume, and simple structure and connection mechanism , easy to install and easy to maintain; the conveying unit carries fruits and vegetables through outer rollers, center rollers and arc-shaped supporting claws.
  • the multi-point contact bearing method has good adaptability to fruits and vegetables of different sizes and types, and can place fruits and vegetables stably without bumping and damage; the conveying unit can effectively avoid failures such as inclination during the conveying process through the mutual cooperation of the limit boss, the limit card slot and the limit slope, and ensure the stable conveying of fruits and vegetables; the conveying unit passes two pin shafts in a symmetrical
  • the coordinated movement in the arranged pin sliding groove can realize double-sided flipping and unloading, which is beneficial to increase the number of sorting outlets, or shorten the length of the production line with the same number of sorting outlets, and improve the operational flexibility of the production line and Performance; the conveying unit adopts four staggered inner and outer weighing points, which effectively guarantees the weighing accuracy and reliability; the positions on the conveying unit that are in contact with fruits and vegetables are made of flexible materials such as food-grade rubber, which can effectively avoid damage to fruits and vegetables .
  • Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the delivery unit
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the delivery unit
  • Fig. 3 is the axonometric view of roller frame
  • Fig. 4 is the axonometric view of roller shaft
  • Figure 5 is an axonometric view of the support deck
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding groove of the pin shaft on the roller frame holder
  • Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the roller conveying device
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the initial position of the delivery unit
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the position of the conveying unit during the unloading process.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position of the conveying unit at the end of unloading
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the reset process of the conveying unit after unloading
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a production line of a sorting embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is the front view of the material section on the production line of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 14 is the front view of the detection section of the production line of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 is the axonometric view of the weighing section of the production line of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 16 is a top sectional view of the weighing section of the production line of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 17 is an axonometric view of the sorting section of the production line of the embodiment.
  • Figure 18 is an isometric view of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is an isometric view of a third embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it includes a chain assembly and a conveying unit, on which fruits and vegetables 17 are placed.
  • Chain assembly comprises drive chain 9 and chain support bar 16, and chain support bar 16 is installed on the frame 25, is positioned at drive chain 9 below and contacts with drive chain 9, plays a supporting role; Conveying unit, a plurality of conveying units are arranged at intervals along the transmission chain 9 direction.
  • the conveying unit includes an outer roller 1, a roller frame 2, a pin shaft 3, a rubber bush 4, a roller shaft 5 and a support holder 7;
  • the center roller 501 is covered with an annular rubber bushing 4 for buffering.
  • the roller shaft 5 is movably fitted in the special-shaped hole groove on the top of the roller frame 2.
  • the axial direction of the roller shaft 5 is arranged perpendicular to the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9.
  • the bottom of the roller frame 2 is movably connected with the top of the support card seat 7 through the pin shaft 3 and the pin shaft sliding groove (702) of the special-shaped hole groove; the support card seat 7 is installed on the transmission chain 9 .
  • the main body of the roller frame 2 is a U-shaped frame formed by connecting the bottom plate in the middle and the vertical plates on both sides of the bottom plate.
  • the upstream side along the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9 is provided with a roller shaft sliding groove 209, and the two roller shaft sliding grooves 209 of the vertical plates on both sides are arranged symmetrically.
  • the roller shaft 5 is movably installed in the two roller shaft sliding grooves 209 of the vertical plates on both sides and moves up and down, providing a stroke for the roller shaft 5 to move up and down in it; Stroke, one side of the roller shaft sliding groove 209 is provided with an installation gap for the roller shaft 5 to enter and exit, which is convenient for the installation of the roller shaft 5 and is not easy to come out.
  • a support claw 206 and a deck connection platform 210 are connected to the roller frame 2 .
  • Support claws 206 are connected between the downstream sides of the vertical plates on both sides along the transmission chain 9, and the support claws 206 are arranged in an inclined upward direction along the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9 from the middle of the vertical plates, and the fruits and vegetables 17 are placed on the support
  • the concave part formed between the claw 206 and the vertical plate is supported by the middle part of the supporting claw 206 and the roller shaft 5, and the supporting claw 206 plays the role of supporting the fruits and vegetables 17;
  • the roller 1 and the center roller 501 jointly support the fruits and vegetables 17, as shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 15 .
  • the bottom surface of the base plate of the roller frame 2 is fixedly provided with a rectangular parallelepiped deck connecting platform 210, and there are two pin mounting holes 204 symmetrically on the deck connecting platform 210, and a bearing pin 3 is installed in each pin mounting hole 204, and The end of the shaft 3 is clamped with a snap ring 6 so that the pin shaft 3 is axially limited in the pin shaft installation hole 204;
  • the support holder 7 is mainly composed of two parts: the chain holder 706 located at the lower part and the roller frame holder 705 located at the upper part; the chain holder 706 is connected and installed to the transmission chain 9;
  • the roller frame holder 705 comprises two side plates arranged at intervals along the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9, the direction of the two side plates of the roller frame holder 705 is perpendicular to the transmission chain 9, and one side of the two side plates is provided with a pin shaft slide groove group, The other side of the two side plates is provided with another pin shaft sliding groove group, and each pin shaft sliding groove group includes two special-shaped hole grooves respectively on the two side plates and along the same transmission direction of the transmission chain 9.
  • Pin shaft sliding groove 702 two pin shaft sliding groove groups are symmetrically arranged on the two side plates, and the two pin shaft sliding grooves 702 on each side plate are symmetrically arranged; a rectangular parallelepiped installation notch is formed between the two side plates , the shape and size of the installation notch coincides with the shape and size of the card seat connection platform 210, so that the cuboid card seat connection platform 210 is embedded in the installation notch; the pin shafts of the two pin shaft mounting holes 204 on the card seat connection platform 210 3 pass through a group of pin sliding grooves respectively, and the pin shafts 3 pass through two pin sliding grooves 702 in the corresponding pin sliding groove groups, so that the bottom of the roller frame 2 is movably connected with the top of the supporting bracket 7, Furthermore, different pose relationships are formed between the roller frame 2 and the support holder 7 to achieve different working states.
  • Both sides of the card seat connection table 210 of the roller frame 2 are symmetrically provided with two limit slopes in the form of chamfered structures, and the two limit slopes on each side are divided into limit slopes I205 and limit Inclined surface II 208 makes the transition between the side and the bottom of the card holder connecting platform 210 pass through two chamfered limit slopes;
  • the limiting bevel III 704 is used to cooperate with the limiting bevel I205 and the limiting bevel II208 on the roller frame 2 to play a limiting role, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 10 .
  • At least one of the side plates of the two side plates of the roller frame holder 705 protrudes upwards along the direction of the transmission chain 9 to form a limiting boss 703, so that the two side plates of the roller frame holder 705
  • the height is inconsistent, the side plate at the limit boss 703 is set higher than the side plate at the limit boss 703;
  • the card slot 207 is adjacent to the card seat connection platform 210, and the two sides of the opening of the limit card slot 207 are trapezoidal bodies that match the limit boss 703.
  • the limit boss 703 is used to fit into the limit card slot 207 for cooperation.
  • the four corners of the bottom plate of the roller frame 2 are equipped with weighing points for weighing and pressing.
  • the weighing points are arranged through horizontally extending arms, and the weighing points are divided into two downstream.
  • the outer weighing point 201 and the two inner weighing points 202 located upstream, the two outer weighing points 201 are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom plate of the roller frame 2 close to the downstream of the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9, and the two inner weighing positions
  • the point 202 is also respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom plate of the roller frame 2 close to the upstream of the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9, and the outer weighing point 201 and the inner weighing point 202 are arranged symmetrically and interlaced on both sides.
  • the four weighing points The heavy point supports and presses on the load cell 20 at the same time, and the load detection stroke can be extended on the load cell 20 .
  • the distance between the weighing points on both sides of the roller frame 2 is smaller than the distance between the two outer rollers 1 connected to the two ends of the roller shaft 5, so that the two outer rollers 1 are supported by the detection section with a larger distance between the two sides. 19 support, the weighing points on both sides of the roller frame 2 are supported by the weighing section 13 of the production line with a smaller distance between the two sides, forming a dislocation support.
  • the two outer sides of the middle part of the bottom plate of the roller frame 2 are provided with a sorting lever 203 for connecting the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 and being driven to drive the tilting discharge of the roller frame 2, and the sorting lever 203 is located on the bottom plate of the roller frame 2 In the middle part of the two outer sides, in the sorting process, the sorting lever 203 is moved by the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 to make the roller frame 2 tilt and then drive the conveying unit as a whole to tilt to complete the unloading of fruits and vegetables.
  • the sorting lever 203 is arranged at a height lower than the weighing point, so that the weighing section support guide rail 21 in the weighing section 13 of the production line can pass between the sorting lever 203 and the weighing point.
  • the roller shaft 5 includes a central roller 501, a tapered mounting block 502 and a rotating shaft 503; at least one central roller 501 is coaxially fixedly set in the middle of the rotating shaft 503, and the central roller 501 and the rotating shaft 503 are integrally formed, and the central roller 501 Outer cover rubber bushing 4, rubber bushing 4 is used to provide cushioning contact with the surface of fruits and vegetables 17, play a buffer role in supporting fruits and vegetables and reducing damage, as shown in Figure 1; Block 502, the tapered mounting block 502 is fitted in the tapered mounting hole of the outer roller 1 with an interference fit, so that the tapered mounting block 502 and the outer roller 1 are coaxially fixed, and there is a protrusion at the end of the tapered mounting block 502, It can avoid that the outer roller 1 falls off; Move up and down in the middle, thereby driving the roller shaft 5 to move up and down as a whole.
  • the outer roller 1 is made of rubber, and its outer circumference is tapered, together with the central roller 501 and the supporting claw 206, it supports the potato 17, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the circumferential surfaces of the tapered mounting block 502 and the rotating shaft 503 are hollowed out, which is beneficial to reduce weight and friction, and facilitate the installation of the outer roller 1 and the movement of the rotating shaft 503 in the sliding groove 209 of the roller shaft.
  • the conveying unit of the present invention has a left-right symmetrical structure as a whole, wherein the roller frame 2, the roller shaft 5 and the support holder 7 are all left-right symmetrical structures, which can realize sideways sorting.
  • the shape of a single pin sliding groove 702 is a special-shaped notch
  • the main body of the pin sliding groove 702 is a strip-shaped through groove arranged vertically up and down, and the upper and lower ends of the strip-shaped through groove are all rounded to form a semicircle Arc
  • the top of the strip-shaped through-slot is provided with an upper circular through-hole adjacent to the side near the center of the side plate and connected
  • the bottom of the strip-shaped through-slot is provided with a lower circular through-hole adjacent to the side near the center of the side plate connected in parallel
  • the width of the strip-shaped through-slot, the diameter of the upper circular through-hole, and the diameter of the lower circular through-hole are all the same as the diameter of the pin shaft 3, so that the pin shaft 3 moves up and down along the strip-shaped through-slot, and can pass through the strip.
  • the top of the shaped through groove moves into the upper circular through hole, and can move into the lower circular through hole through the bottom of the bar shaped through groove.
  • the pin shaft 3 is limited and supported by the pin shaft sliding groove 702 during the rollover process of the roller frame 2 , as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 .
  • the pin shaft 3 is installed in the pin shaft mounting hole 204 and the pin shaft sliding groove 702, and can reciprocate in the pin shaft sliding groove 702.
  • the distance between the pin shafts 3 on both sides is constant. Through the coordinated movement of the pin shafts 3 on both sides, the rolling wheel can be realized. Lifting, overturning and reset of frame 2 and roller shaft 5.
  • the pin shaft 3 When the pin shaft 3 was at the top of the bar-shaped through groove, the pin shaft 3 was at the top outer position 7021; when the pin shaft 3 was at the bottom of the bar-shaped through groove, the pin shaft 3 was at the bottom outer position 7024; When the circular through hole, the pin shaft 3 is at the top inner position 7022; when the pin shaft 3 is located at the lower circular through hole, the pin shaft 3 is at the bottom inner position 7023.
  • the distance from the center of circle of the upper circular through hole of the sliding groove 702 to the center of the bar-shaped through-groove bottom of the pin shaft sliding groove 702 on the other side, and the distance from the center of circle of the bar-shaped through-groove top of the pin shaft sliding groove 702 on one side to The distances between the centers of the lower circular through-holes of the pin sliding groove 702 on the other side are equal, and equal to the distance between the two pin mounting holes 204 on the card base connecting platform 210 .
  • the pin shaft 3 is installed in the pin shaft mounting hole 204 and the pin shaft sliding groove 702, and can reciprocate in the pin shaft sliding groove 702.
  • the distance between the pin shafts 3 on both sides is constant. Through the coordinated movement of the pin shafts 3 on both sides, the rolling wheel can be realized.
  • the chain support rod 16 of the chain assembly is divided into four sections: the production line material section 11, the production line inspection section 12, the production line weighing section 13, and the production line sorting section 14 along the transmission direction of the transmission chain 9.
  • Working areas; their functions are to complete the feeding, detection, weighing and sorting of potatoes 17 respectively.
  • the main components in the production line include sprocket 15, conveying unit, detection black box 18, detection section support rail 19, load cell 20, weighing section support rail 21, electromagnetic lever assembly 23, sorting outlet 24 and rack 25 etc.
  • the delivery unit is stuck on the transmission chain 9 through the chain holder 706 on the support holder 7, and the pin shaft 8 of the transmission chain 9 enters the chain pin installation hole 701 on the chain holder 706, and a delivery unit is installed at a certain distance .
  • the drive chain 9 cooperates with the sprocket 15 to drive the whole production line to run through the motor.
  • the chain support bar 16 is fixedly installed on the frame 25 by bolts, is positioned under the transmission chain 9 and contacts with the chain, and plays the role of supporting the transmission chain 9 .
  • Both the detection section support guide rail 19 and the weighing section support guide rail 21 are installed on both sides of the conveying unit in the production line, and are respectively fixed on the frame 25 by bolts.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the two supporting guide rails is groove-shaped, and both ends are slope structures, which are convenient for the conveying unit to enter and play a supporting role.
  • the detection section support guide rail 19 is in contact with the outer roller 1 of the conveying unit in the detection section 12 of the production line, and the outer roller 1, the roller shaft 5 and the potatoes 17 are lifted to a certain height, and the outer roller 1 and the roller shaft 5 are rotated by friction , thereby driving the potato 17 to rotate, as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the detection dark box 18 is located in the detection section 12 of the production line, and is fixedly installed on the frame 25 by bolts.
  • a camera or a spectrum detection probe is housed in the detection dark box 18, and non-destructive detection such as machine vision or spectrum acquisition is performed during the rotation of the potato 17.
  • the weighing section support guide rail 21 is in contact with the outer weighing point 201 and the inner weighing point 202 of the conveying unit in the weighing section 13 of the production line, and lifts the roller frame 2, the roller shaft 5 and the potatoes 17 to a certain height.
  • the four points are in contact with the load cell 20 installed on the support rail 21 of the weighing section, the weighing is completed, as shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 .
  • the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 is fixedly installed on the frame 25 by bolts, and is arranged on both sides of the conveying unit along the conveying direction of the production line, just below the sorting lever 203 of the roller frame 2, which can It is ejected or retracted by the control system.
  • a flexible roller 22 and a sorting outlet 24 are corresponding.
  • the flexible roller 22 is slowly rotated by the flexible roller driving motor 10, and acts as a buffer during the fruit and vegetable unloading process.
  • the outer roller 1 contacts the frame 25 to support the conveying unit, as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the limiting inclined plane III 704 on the roller frame deck 705 supporting the deck 7 is only connected to the limiting inclined plane I 205 on the deck 210 of the roller rack 2
  • the roller frame card seat 705 is stably and vertically clamped in the card seat connecting platform 210, and plays a position-limiting role;
  • the limiting inclined plane III 704 on the roller frame deck 705 supporting the deck 7 is connected with the limiting inclined plane I205 and the limiting ramp on the deck 210 of the roller frame 2.
  • Incline II 208 breaks away and does not act as a limiter;
  • the roller frame 2 When the conveying unit is conveyed to the sorting section by the transmission chain 9, the roller frame 2 is pushed and turned over by the electromagnetic lever assembly 23, and is in the flipped state. 2 is in contact with the limiting inclined plane II 208 on the deck connecting platform 210 of 2, so that the roller frame deck 705 is stably tilted and clamped in the deck connecting platform 210 in a limited position, and acts as a limiting function.
  • the detection section support guide rails 19 are arranged on both sides of the transmission chain 9.
  • the front and rear ends of the front and rear are provided with transition slopes, and the detection section support guide rails 19 on both sides are respectively located under the outer rollers 1 connected to the two ends of the roller shaft 5; the detection section support guide rails 19 and the transmission chain 9 at the detection section 12 of the production line and each conveying unit are located in the detection dark box 18;
  • the two sides of the transmission chain 9 are provided with weighing section support guide rails 21, and the weighing section support guide rails 21 are fixed on the frame 25.
  • the front and rear ends are provided with transition slopes, and the weighing section support guide rails 21 on both sides are respectively located below the weighing points on both sides of the roller frame 2, and the weighing section support guide rails 21 are located above the sorting lever 203;
  • a load cell 20 is arranged on the support rail 21, and the load cell 20 is used to connect with the weighing point of the roller frame 2 in the conveying unit;
  • an electromagnetic lever assembly 23 is provided on both sides of the transmission chain 9.
  • the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 is used to connect and push the sorting lever 203.
  • a flexible roller 22 and a flexible roller 22 are provided under the transmission chain 9.
  • the sorting outlet 24, the sorting outlet 24 is located below the flexible roller 22, the flexible roller 22 is coaxially connected with the flexible roller driving motor 10, the flexible roller driving motor 10 drives the flexible roller 22 to rotate, and receives the transmission from the side of the transmission chain 9 from the conveying unit
  • the fallen fruits and vegetables 17 are also transported in the sorting outlet 24 by rotating and buffering.
  • the load cell 20 is a strip sensor arranged along the direction of the supporting rail 21 of the weighing section.
  • the distance between the two outer weighing points 201 is greater than the distance between the two inner weighing points 202
  • the load cell 20 is in a Z shape
  • the weighing sections on both sides support the scales on the guide rails 21.
  • the distance between the load cell 20 at the place where the outside weighing point 201 weighs is equal to the distance between the two outside weighing points 201
  • the distance between the inside weighing point 202 and the place where the weighing passes is equal to the distance between the two inside weighing points.
  • the spacing between relocation points 202 is a strip sensor arranged along the direction of the supporting rail 21 of the weighing section.
  • the distance between the two outer weighing points 201 is greater than the distance between the two inner weighing points 202
  • the load cell 20 is in a Z shape
  • the weighing sections on both sides support the scales on the guide rails 21.
  • the sliding groove 209 moves up and moves, and the two pin shafts 3 on the deck connection table 210 of the roller frame 2 are still at the outer position 7024 of the bottom; And the rubber bushing 4 outside the center roller 501 of the roller shaft 5 drives the same fruit and vegetable to rotate, and then detects through the camera or spectrum detection probe installed in the camera obscura 18; only the roller shaft 5 is lifted in the roller shaft sliding groove 209 at the detection section, The position of roller frame 2 remains unchanged, and 703 is still in contact with 207, and fruits and vegetables are supported and driven to rotate by the outer roller 1 and center roller 501 of two adjacent roller conveyors, and do not contact the supporting claws this moment.
  • the two pin shafts 3 on the platform 210 are located between the top outer position 7021 and the bottom outer position 7024, and are arranged symmetrically; the roller shaft 5 and the weighing section support guide rail 21 are kept suspended without contact, and the roller frame 2 is relative to the support
  • the deck 7 is arranged in the air, and the load cell 20 on the supporting guide rail 21 of the weighing section weighs the overall weight of the roller frame 2, the roller shaft 5 and the fruits and vegetables on it, and then subtracts the weight of the roller frame 2 and the roller shaft 5 Obtain the weight of fruits and vegetables;
  • the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 pushes the sorting lever 203 on the bottom side of the roller frame 2 to move upward, and the limit boss 703 is disengaged
  • the limit card slot 207 drives the roller frame 2 to deflect to one side, and one of the two pin shafts 3 on the deck connection platform 210 of the roller frame 2 is at the top inner position 7022, and the other is at the bottom outer position 7024;
  • the supporting claws 206 of the roller frame 2 drop down onto the rotating flexible roller 22 , and then transfer to the sorting outlet 24 through the flexible roller 22 buffering and rotating guide.
  • the specific implementation of the present invention can also realize the change of conveying unit width by increasing or reducing the width of parts such as roller frame 2, roller shaft 5, support holder 7 and the number of the center roller 501 of increasing or decreasing roller shaft 5, thereby adapting to Fruits and vegetables of different sizes are shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19.
  • Concrete implementation uses potato as fruit and vegetable 17.
  • the feeding of potatoes 17 is completed in the feeding section 11 of the production line, and the potatoes 17 are jointly supported by the outer roller 1 , central roller 501 and supporting claws 206 of the same conveying unit.
  • the conveying unit is in the initial position, as shown in Figure 8, under the action of its own gravity, the rotating shaft 503 is located at the lowest position of the roller shaft sliding groove 209, and the pin shafts 3 on both sides are all located at the lowest position of the pin shaft sliding groove 702
  • the position coincides with the bottom outer position 7024 of the strip-shaped through groove.
  • the limiting slope I 205 is in contact with the limiting slope III 704 , and the limiting boss 703 is stuck in the limiting slot 207 .
  • the conveying unit carries the potatoes 17 into the inspection section 12 of the production line through the slope structure at one end of the inspection section support guide rail 19 , as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the detection section support guide rail 19 is in contact with the outer roller 1, and the outer roller 1 is raised to a certain height, and the rotating shaft 503 is driven to move upward in the sliding groove 209 of the roller shaft, so that the outer roller 1 and the roller shaft 5 are raised upward as a whole, And the position of roller frame 2 remains unchanged.
  • the potatoes 17 are supported by the outer rollers 1 and the central rollers 501 of the adjacent conveying units, and will not contact the supporting claws 206 .
  • the friction between the outer roller 1 and the detection section support rail 19 makes the outer roller 1 and the roller shaft 5 continuously rotate forward as a whole, thereby driving the potatoes 17 to rotate.
  • the position of the camera or the spectral detection probe is installed in the detection black box 18, non-destructive detection such as machine vision or spectral acquisition of the potato 17 in all directions can be performed.
  • the outer roller 1 descends from the other end slope of the detection section support guide rail 19, the potatoes 17 will descend with the outer roller 1, and will be jointly supported by the outer roller 1, center roller 501 and supporting claw 206 of the same conveying unit again.
  • the conveying unit carries the potatoes 17 into the weighing section 13 of the production line through the slope structure at one end of the supporting guide rail 21 of the weighing section, as shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the weighing section support rail 21 is in contact with the two outer weighing points 201 and the two inner weighing points 202, and the outer roller 1, the roller shaft 5, the roller frame 2, the rubber bushing 4 and the
  • the placed potatoes 17 are raised to a certain height at the same time, and the pin shafts 3 on both sides will move a certain distance vertically upward in the pin shaft slide groove 702 along with the lifting of the roller frame 2 .
  • the roller frame 2 is out of contact with the supporting bracket 7 below.
  • the load cell 20 adopts a "Z"-shaped segmented structure, and the distance between the two sides is wide at the front and narrow at the rear. Four weighing points are in contact with the load cell 20 . After the inner and outer weighing positions descend from the other end slope of the weighing section support guide rail 21, the conveying unit returns to the initial position as a whole.
  • the potatoes 17 enter the production line sorting section 14 along with the movement of the conveying unit, as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the sorting outlet 24 corresponding to the potato 17 is determined by the computer, and the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 at the corresponding position is controlled by the control system to pop up and move upward.
  • the limiting slope I205 is out of contact and loses the limiting effect.
  • the pin shaft 3 on the side close to the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 moves vertically upward in the pin sliding groove 702 . Since the pin shafts 3 on both sides are at a constant distance, the pin shaft 3 on the other side is dragged along the side to move upwards. When the pin shaft 3 moving vertically upwards reaches the top outer position 7021 of the strip-shaped through groove, the pin shaft 3 on the other side just enters the bottom inner position 7023, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the pin shaft 3 on the side close to the electromagnetic lever assembly 23 moves along the horizontal direction Entering the top inner position 7022, the pin shaft 3 on the other side is dragged back to the bottom outer position 7024 of the original bar-shaped through groove, as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the limiting slope II 208 and the limiting slope III 704 are in contact, and the pin shafts 3 on both sides enter into the top inner position 7022 and the bottom outer position 7024 respectively, and the two parts work together to limit the position and keep the conveying unit at the end of sorting state.
  • Potatoes 17 dumped along with the conveying unit will first fall to the rotating flexible roller 22 for buffering, and finally fall to the corresponding sorting outlet 24 to complete the sorting.
  • the conveying unit has a symmetrical structure as a whole, and the process of dumping to the other side is consistent with the above steps, so that two sides can be sorted.
  • the conveying unit moves below the production line along with the transmission chain 9. At this moment, the conveying unit is in reverse state, as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the outer roller 1 and the roller shaft 5 fall to the lowest position in the roller shaft sliding groove 209 after the reversal, and the pin shaft 3 originally at the bottom outer position 7024 of the bar-shaped through groove will vertically drop to The top outer position 7021 of the strip-shaped through groove, because the distance between the pin shafts 3 on both sides is constant, the pin shaft 3 originally in the top inner position 7022 will be dragged and moved to the top outer position 7021.
  • the conveying unit as a whole is in a vertical state, and the outer roller 1 is in contact with the frame 25 to play a supporting role, as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • delivery unit reverses again.
  • the outer roller 1 and the roller shaft 5 fall to the lowest position in the roller shaft sliding groove 209, and the pin shafts 3 on both sides drop vertically to the bottom of the bar-shaped through groove of the pin shaft sliding groove 702 at the same time.
  • the outer position 7024, the conveying unit as a whole returns to the initial state when feeding, as shown in Figure 8.

Abstract

一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置。包括链条组件和输送单元，输送单元上放置果蔬（17）；链条组件包括传动链条（9）和链条支撑杆（16），传动链条（9）在链条支撑杆（16）上；沿传动链条（9）的各个链节上安装有输送单元；输送单元包括外侧滚轮（1）、滚轮架（2）、销轴（3）、橡胶衬套（4）、滚轮轴（5）和支撑卡座（7）；两个外侧滚轮（1）同轴固定套装在滚轮轴（5）的两端，滚轮轴（5）外套装有橡胶衬套（4），滚轮轴（5）可活动地套装在滚轮架（2）顶部的异形孔槽中，滚轮轴（5）轴向垂直于传动链条（9）的传送方向布置，滚轮架（2）底部通过销轴（3）和销轴滑动槽（702）与支撑卡座（7）顶部可活动地连接；支撑卡座（7）安装在传动链条（9）上。

Description

一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械领域的一种农产品输送分选装置，尤其涉及一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置。
背景技术
我国是世界上最大的果蔬生产国和果蔬制品加工基地，果蔬年产量在10亿吨左右，相关产业产值超过3万亿元。果蔬在采后进入市场前需要经过一系列商品化处理，包括分选、包装、运输、储存和加工等，其中最为关键的一步就是果蔬的品质检测与分选，可以根据果蔬的重量、尺寸、酸甜度和表面缺陷等方面进行在线分选处理，从源头上剔除残次品，提高果蔬产品的附加值。因此，开发一种用于果蔬品质智能化分选处理的果杯机构显得尤为重要。
现有的研究与产业应用中通常使用滚轮式果杯来实现果蔬的输送和分选，但是一些常见的滚轮式输送果杯往往只具有果蔬输送以及翻转卸料等单一的功能，不能满足多样性的需求。而一些具有多功能的输送果杯，通常具有较复杂的结构以及较大数量的零件，装配精度要求高，在使用过程中零件之间也容易发生干渉或不良摩擦，造成设备损坏。另外，一些果杯在完成卸料分选后，通常采用弹簧牵引、电磁铁吸附或其他装置辅助复位的方式，使果杯整体结构变得复杂，并且存在维护成本高、结构不可靠等缺点。
公告号为CN104014488 B的专利提出了一种用于水果无损检测和称重卸料的果杯机构及水果处理系统，主要包括支撑卡座、爪式拨件以及滚轮体等零件，在卸果工位，爪式拨件绕浮动铰接组件翻起，可将水果卸下。该专利的局限性在于采用这种铰接结构，只能进行单侧翻转。这就大大限制了输送装置的操作灵活性和性能。在分选口数量相同的情况下，使得产线长度增加以及占用空间变大。
公告号为US2013/0334109 A1的专利提出了一种用于农产品分选的产线，产线包括第一传送段和第二传送段。第一传送段由托盘组成，从上料部分延续到卸料部分，用于向前输送农产品。第二传送段由安装在托盘间隙的滚轮组成，使物料翻滚。该专利将产线分为多段，每一段分别驱动，并采用不同的结构实现不同的功能。这种多段式的输送机构使得产线结构变得复杂，安装和维护成本高。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，仅包含少量零件，配合与连接机制简单，可以实现果蔬的输送、翻滚、称重、卸料以及机构的自动复位等功能。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
包括链条组件和输送单元，输送单元上放置果蔬；
所述的链条组件包括传动链条和链条支撑杆，传动链条在链条支撑杆上，链条支撑杆安装在传动链条下方并与传动链条接触，起支撑作用；沿传动链条的各个链节上安装有输送单元；
所述的输送单元包括外侧滚轮、滚轮架、销轴、橡胶衬套、滚轮轴和支撑卡座；两个外侧滚轮同轴固定套装在滚轮轴的两端，滚轮轴外有橡胶衬套，滚轮轴可活动地套装在滚轮架顶部的异形孔槽中，滚轮轴轴向垂直于传动链条的传送方向布置，滚轮架底部通过销轴和异形孔槽与支撑卡座顶部可活动地连接；支撑卡座安装在传动链条上。
本发明的果蔬为类球形的果蔬，例如马铃薯、柑橘及苹果等。
所述的滚轮架主体是一个由位于中间的底板和位于底板两侧的竖板连接构成的U形架，两侧竖板上在沿传动链条传送方向上游一侧均设有滚轮轴滑动槽，滚轮轴滑动槽为长度方向沿上下方向的腰形槽，滚轮轴活动装在两侧竖板的两个滚轮轴滑动槽中沿上下升降活动；两侧竖板上在沿传动链条传送下游一侧之间连接有承托爪，承托爪从竖板的中部开始沿传动链条传送方向以倾斜向上布置，果蔬放置在承托爪和竖板之间形成的内凹部位，被承托爪和滚轮轴的中部支撑承托；滚轮架的底板底面固定设有一长方体的卡座连接台，卡座连接台上对称有两个销轴安装孔，每个销轴安装孔内均安装有一个销轴。
所述的支撑卡座主要由位于下部的链条卡座和位于上部的滚轮架卡座的两部分固定连接组成一体；链条卡座连接安装到传动链条；所述的滚轮架卡座包括沿传动链条传送方向间隔布置的两块侧板，两块侧板的一侧开设有一销轴滑动槽组，两块侧板的另一侧开设有另一销轴滑动槽组，每一销轴滑动槽组包括分别在两块侧板上且沿传动链条同一传送方向开设的两个采用异形孔槽的销轴滑动槽，每块侧板上的两个销轴滑动槽对称布置；两块侧板之间形成长方体的安装槽口，使得长方体的卡座连接台嵌装于安装槽口中；卡座连接台上两个销轴安装孔的销轴分别穿过一个销轴滑动槽组，销轴穿过销轴滑动槽组中的两个销轴滑动槽，从而使得滚轮架底部与支撑卡座顶部可活动地连接，进而调整滚轮架与支撑卡座之间形成不同的位姿关系以实现不同的工作状态；
滚轮架的卡座连接台两侧面对称均设有两个倒角结构形式的限位斜面，每 侧的两个限位斜面分为从下到上依次布置的限位斜面Ⅰ和限位斜面Ⅱ；滚轮架卡座两块侧板之间的安装槽口底部均设有倾斜向上向外的限位斜面Ⅲ，限位斜面Ⅲ用于和滚轮架上的限位斜面Ⅰ和限位斜面Ⅱ相配合起限位作用。
所述的滚轮架卡座的两块侧板在沿传动链条方向上至少其中一块侧板向上凸出形成限位凸台；限位凸台上方的滚轮架底板底面设有一限位卡槽，限位凸台用于嵌装到限位卡槽进行配合，保证在输送过程中平稳，不会左右侧翻。
所述的滚轮架底板四角均布置了称重位点，称重位点分为位于下游的两个外侧称重位点和位于上游的两个内侧称重位点，两个外侧称重位点分别布置滚轮架底板靠近传动链条传送方向下游的两侧，两个内侧称重位点也分别布置滚轮架底板靠近传动链条传送方向上游的两侧。
所述的滚轮架底板中部的两外侧设有用于被驱动带动滚轮架倾斜卸料的分选拨杆。
所述的滚轮轴包括中心滚轮、锥形安装块和转轴；中心滚轮同轴固定套装在转轴的中部，中心滚轮外套装橡胶衬套；滚轮轴两端同轴固接有锥形安装块，锥形安装块过盈配合地套装在外侧滚轮的锥形安装孔内；转轴在中心滚轮两侧的部位分别装在滚轮架的两个滚轮轴滑动槽中，在滚轮轴滑动槽中上下活动。
单个所述的销轴滑动槽的形状为异形槽口，销轴滑动槽主体为上下竖直布置的条形通槽，条形通槽的顶部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个上圆形通孔并相连通，条形通槽的底部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个下圆形通孔并相连通；条形通槽的宽度、上圆形通孔的直径、下圆形通孔的直径均与销轴的直径相同，使得销轴沿条形通槽上下运动，能通过条形通槽的顶部活动到上圆形通孔中，能通过条形通槽的底部活动到下圆形通孔中。
同一块侧板上，两侧销轴滑动槽的条形通槽顶部的圆心之间的距离、两侧销轴滑动槽的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、一侧销轴滑动槽的上圆形通孔的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、以及一侧销轴滑动槽的条形通槽顶部的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽的下圆形通孔的圆心之间的距离均相等，且等于卡座连接台上的两个销轴安装孔之间的距离。
所述的链条组件的链条支撑杆沿传动链条传送方向依次分为产线上料段、产线检测段、产线称重段、产线分选段的四段工作区；
传动链条的两侧侧方始终设有机架；
在产线检测段处，设有检测暗箱，传动链条两侧侧方设有检测段支撑导轨，检测段支撑导轨固定于机架上，两侧的检测段支撑导轨分别位于滚轮轴两端所 连接的外侧滚轮下方；检测段支撑导轨与产线检测段处的传动链条和各个输送单元均位于检测暗箱内；
在产线称重段处，传动链条的两侧侧方设有称重段支撑导轨，称重段支撑导轨固定于机架上，两侧的称重段支撑导轨分别位于滚轮架两侧的称重位点下方；称重段支撑导轨上布置有称重传感器，称重传感器用于和输送单元中滚轮架称重位点连接；
在产线分选段处，传动链条的两侧侧方设有电磁拨杆组件，电磁拨杆组件用于和分选拨杆连接推动，传动链条下方设有柔性辊和分选出口，分选出口位于柔性辊下方，柔性辊同轴连接柔性辊驱动电机。
所述的称重传感器为沿称重段支撑导轨方向布置的条形传感器。
本发明可实现果蔬的输送、翻滚、称重以及卸料等功能。输送单元依靠外侧滚轮、中心滚轮和承托爪对果蔬起承托作用；依靠多个限位斜面以及限位凸台和限位卡槽之间的相互配合，起限位作用，保证输送单元的稳定运行；依靠四个交错布置的内外侧称重位点实现果蔬称重；通过拨动分选拨杆可以使装置整体倾斜完成卸料；另外，通过两侧销轴在销轴滑动槽中的协同运动，实现滚轮架与滚轮轴的抬升、翻转和复位。
本发明可用于马铃薯、柑橘及苹果等果蔬的输送、检测、称重和分选，同时可以有效避免果蔬损伤。
本发明具有的有益效果是：
本发明提出的输送单元可以实现果蔬，如马铃薯、柑橘以及苹果等的输送、翻滚、称重、卸料以及输送单元的自动复位功能，并且机构中的零件少，体积紧凑，结构与连接机制简单，安装方便，易于维护；输送单元通过外侧滚轮、中心滚轮和弧形承托爪来承载果蔬，多点接触的承载方式对不同大小、种类的果蔬适应性好，可以将果蔬稳定放置，避免磕碰和损伤；输送单元通过限位凸台、限位卡槽以及限位斜面的相互配合，可以有效避免在输送过程中发生倾斜等故障，保证果蔬的稳定输送；输送单元通过两个销轴在对称布置的销轴滑动槽中的协同运动，可以实现双侧翻转卸料，有利于增加分选出口的数量，或是缩短相同数量的分选口的产线长度，提高产线的操作灵活性和性能；输送单元采用四个交错布置的内外侧称重位点，有效保证了称重精度和可靠性；输送单元上与果蔬接触的位置均采用食品级橡胶等柔性材料制造，可以有效避免果蔬损伤。
附图说明
图1是输送单元的轴测图；
图2是输送单元的爆炸图；
图3是滚轮架的轴测图；
图4是滚轮轴的轴测图；
图5是支撑卡座的轴测图；
图6是滚轮架卡座上的销轴滑动槽的结构示意图；
图7是滚轮式输送装置的局部放大示意图；
图8是输送单元的初始位置示意图；
图9是输送单元在卸料过程中的位置示意图；
图10是输送单元在卸料结束时的位置示意图；
图11是输送单元在卸料结束后复位过程示意图；
图12是根据本发明组成的分选实施例产线的示意图；
图13是实施例产线上料段的正视图；
图14是实施例产线检测段的正视图；
图15是实施例产线称重段的轴测图；
图16是实施例产线称重段的俯视剖面图；
图17是实施例产线分选段的轴测图；
图18是根据本发明的第二实施例的轴测图；
图19是根据本发明的第三实施例的轴测图；
图中：1、外侧滚轮；2、滚轮架；3、销轴；4、橡胶衬套；5、滚轮轴；6、卡簧；7、支撑卡座；8、链条销轴；9、传动链条；10、柔性辊驱动电机；11、产线上料段；12、产线检测段；13、产线称重段；14、产线分选段；15、链轮；16、链条支撑杆；17、果蔬/马铃薯；18、检测暗箱；19、检测段支撑导轨；20、称重传感器；21、称重段支撑导轨；22、柔性辊；23、电磁拨杆组件；24、分选出口；25、机架；
201、外侧称重位点；202、内侧称重位点；203、分选拨杆；204、销轴安装孔；205、限位斜面Ⅰ；206、承托爪；207、限位卡槽；208、限位斜面Ⅱ；209、滚轮轴滑动槽；210、卡座连接台；
501、中心滚轮；502、锥形安装块；503、转轴；
701、链条销轴安装孔；702、销轴滑动槽；703、限位凸台；704、限位斜面Ⅲ；705、滚轮架卡座；706、链条卡座；
7021、顶部外侧位；7022、顶部内侧位；7023、底部内侧位；7024、底部外侧位。
具体实施方式
下面以马铃薯的分选为例，结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1、图2所示，包括链条组件和输送单元，输送单元上放置果蔬17。
链条组件包括传动链条9和链条支撑杆16，链条支撑杆16安装在机架25上，位于传动链条9下方并与传动链条9接触，起支撑作用；沿传动链条9的各个链节上安装有输送单元，多个输送单元沿传动链条9方向间隔布置。
输送单元包括外侧滚轮1、滚轮架2、销轴3、橡胶衬套4、滚轮轴5和支撑卡座7；两个外侧滚轮1同轴固定套装在滚轮轴5的两端，滚轮轴5的中心滚轮501外套装有环形的用于缓冲的橡胶衬套4，滚轮轴5可活动地套装在滚轮架2顶部的异形孔槽中，滚轮轴5轴向垂直于传动链条9的传送方向布置，滚轮架2底部通过销轴3和异形孔槽的销轴滑动槽(702)与支撑卡座7顶部可活动地连接；支撑卡座7安装在传动链条9上。
如图3所示，滚轮架2主体是一个由位于中间的底板和位于底板两侧的竖板连接构成的U形架，两侧竖板的连线平行于滚轮轴5，两侧竖板上在沿传动链条9传送方向上游一侧均设有滚轮轴滑动槽209，两侧竖板的两个滚轮轴滑动槽209对称布置，滚轮轴滑动槽209为长度方向沿上下方向的腰形槽，滚轮轴5活动装在两侧竖板的两个滚轮轴滑动槽209中沿上下升降活动，为滚轮轴5在其内上下移动提供行程；滚轮轴滑动槽209为滚轮轴5在内上下移动提供行程，滚轮轴滑动槽209一侧设有用于滚轮轴5进出的安装缺口，方便滚轮轴5的安装并且不易脱出。
滚轮架2上连接有承托爪206和卡座连接台210。
两侧竖板上在沿传动链条9传送下游一侧之间连接有承托爪206，承托爪206从竖板的中部开始沿传动链条9传送方向以倾斜向上布置，果蔬17放置在承托爪206和竖板之间形成的内凹部位，被承托爪206和滚轮轴5的中部支撑承托，承托爪206起承托果蔬17的作用；在上料和称重过程中与外侧滚轮1和中心滚轮501共同承托果蔬17，如图13和图15所示。
滚轮架2的底板底面固定设有一长方体的卡座连接台210，卡座连接台210上对称有两个销轴安装孔204，每个销轴安装孔204内均安装有一个销轴3，销轴3的端部卡装卡簧6以使得销轴3在销轴安装孔204中轴向限位；
如图5所示，支撑卡座7主要由位于下部的链条卡座706和位于上部的滚轮架卡座705两部分组成一体；链条卡座706连接安装到传动链条9；
链条卡座706两侧板上每边有链条销轴安装孔701，两个链条销轴安装孔 701的中心距离与传动链条9的每节上两链条销轴8间的距离一致，传动链条9的链条销轴8进入链条卡座706上链条销轴安装孔701，使得链条卡座706固定卡装到传动链条9，保证支撑卡座7与传动链条9固定。
滚轮架卡座705包括沿传动链条9传送方向间隔布置的两块侧板，滚轮架卡座705两侧板方向与传动链条9垂直，两块侧板的一侧开设有一销轴滑动槽组，两块侧板的另一侧开设有另一销轴滑动槽组，每一销轴滑动槽组包括分别在两块侧板上且沿传动链条9同一传送方向开设的两个采用异形孔槽的销轴滑动槽702，两个销轴滑动槽组在两块侧板上对称布置，每块侧板上的两个销轴滑动槽702对称布置；两块侧板之间形成长方体的安装槽口，安装槽口的形状尺寸和卡座连接台210的形状尺寸吻合一致，使得长方体的卡座连接台210嵌装于安装槽口中；卡座连接台210上两个销轴安装孔204的销轴3分别穿过一个销轴滑动槽组，销轴3穿过各自对应销轴滑动槽组中的两个销轴滑动槽702，从而使得滚轮架2底部与支撑卡座7顶部可活动地连接，进而调整滚轮架2与支撑卡座7之间形成不同的位姿关系以实现不同的工作状态。
滚轮架2的卡座连接台210两侧面对称均设有两个倒角结构形式的限位斜面，每侧的两个限位斜面分为从下到上依次布置的限位斜面Ⅰ205和限位斜面Ⅱ208，使得卡座连接台210侧面和底面之间通过两个倒角的限位斜面过渡；滚轮架卡座(705)两块侧板之间的安装槽口底部均设有倾斜向上向外的限位斜面Ⅲ704，限位斜面Ⅲ704用于和滚轮架2上的限位斜面Ⅰ205和限位斜面Ⅱ208相配合起限位作用，如图8、图10所示。
如图5和图8所示，滚轮架卡座705的两块侧板在沿传动链条9方向上至少其中一块侧板向上凸出形成限位凸台703，使得滚轮架卡座705两侧板的高度不一致，设置限位凸台703处的侧板高于未设置限位凸台703处的侧板；限位凸台703上方的滚轮架2底板底面设有一限位卡槽207，限位卡槽207紧邻卡座连接台210，限位卡槽207开口两侧呈和限位凸台703吻合的梯形体，限位凸台703用于嵌装到限位卡槽207进行配合，在输送单元处于上料段、检测段时对输送单元的滚轮架2进行定位支撑限位作用，保证滚轮架2稳定传送，如图8所示。
如图3所示，滚轮架2底板四角均布置了用于称重压装的称重位点，称重位点通过水平延伸出的支臂布置，称重位点分为位于下游的两个外侧称重位点201和位于上游的两个内侧称重位点202，两个外侧称重位点201分别布置滚轮架2底板靠近传动链条9传送方向下游的两侧，两个内侧称重位点202也分别 布置滚轮架2底板靠近传动链条9传送方向上游的两侧，外侧称重位点201和内侧称重位点202对称交错布置在两侧，在称重检测的过程中四个称重位点同时支撑压在称重传感器20上作用，在称重传感器20上可以延长称重检测行程。滚轮架2两侧的称重位点之间的间距小于滚轮轴5两端所连接的两个外侧滚轮1之间的间距，使得两个外侧滚轮1被两侧间距更大的检测段支撑导轨19支撑，滚轮架2两侧的称重位点被两侧间距更小的产线称重段13支撑，形成错位支撑。
如图3所示，滚轮架2底板中部的两外侧设有用于连接电磁拨杆组件23而被驱动带动滚轮架2倾斜卸料的分选拨杆203，分选拨杆203位于滚轮架2底板的两外侧中间部位，在分选过程中由电磁拨杆组件23拨动分选拨杆203使滚轮架2倾斜进而带动输送单元整体倾斜完成果蔬的卸料。
分选拨杆203高度低于称重位点地布置，使得在产线称重段13的称重段支撑导轨21能够经过分选拨杆203和称重位点之间。
如图4所示，滚轮轴5包括中心滚轮501、锥形安装块502和转轴503；至少一个中心滚轮501同轴固定套装在转轴503的中部，中心滚轮501与转轴503一体成型，中心滚轮501外套装橡胶衬套4，橡胶衬套4用于提供缓冲地接触果蔬17表面，起支撑果蔬、减少损伤的缓冲作用，如图1所示；滚轮轴5两端同轴固接有锥形安装块502，锥形安装块502过盈配合地套装在外侧滚轮1的锥形安装孔内，使得锥形安装块502和外侧滚轮1同轴固接，并且锥形安装块502的末端存在突起，可以避免外侧滚轮1脱落；转轴503在中心滚轮501两侧分别和两端的锥形安装块502之间的部位分别装在滚轮架2的两个滚轮轴滑动槽209中，在滚轮轴滑动槽209中上下活动，从而带动滚轮轴5整体上下活动。
外侧滚轮1为橡胶材质，其外侧圆周呈锥形，与中心滚轮501和承托爪206一起对马铃薯17起支撑作用，如图1所示。锥形安装块502和转轴503的圆周面均采用镂空设计，有利于减轻重量和减小摩擦，便于外侧滚轮1的安装和转轴503在滚轮轴滑动槽209中的活动。
本发明的输送单元整体呈左右对称结构，其中的滚轮架2、滚轮轴5以及支撑卡座7均为左右对称结构，可以实现左右两边侧翻分选。
如图6所示，单个销轴滑动槽702的形状为异形槽口，销轴滑动槽702主体为上下竖直布置的条形通槽，条形通槽上下两端均倒圆角形成半圆弧，条形通槽的顶部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个上圆形通孔并相连通，条形通槽的底部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个下圆形通孔并相连通；条形通槽的宽度、上圆形通孔的直径、下圆形通孔的直径均与销轴3的直径相同，使得销轴3沿条形通槽上下运动，能通过条形通槽的顶部活动到上圆形通孔中，能 通过条形通槽的底部活动到下圆形通孔中。通过销轴滑动槽702在滚轮架2翻转过程中对销轴3起限位作用和支撑作用，如图9、图10所示。
销轴3安装在销轴安装孔204和销轴滑动槽702中，可以在销轴滑动槽702中往复运动，两侧销轴3距离一定，通过两侧销轴3的协同运动，可以实现滚轮架2与滚轮轴5的抬升、翻转和复位。
当销轴3位于条形通槽的顶部时，销轴3处于顶部外侧位7021；当销轴3位于条形通槽的底部时，销轴3处于底部外侧位7024；当销轴3位于上圆形通孔时，销轴3处于顶部内侧位7022；当销轴3位于下圆形通孔时，销轴3处于底部内侧位7023。
同一块侧板上，两侧销轴滑动槽702的条形通槽顶部的圆心之间的距离、两侧销轴滑动槽702的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、一侧销轴滑动槽702的上圆形通孔的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽702的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、以及一侧销轴滑动槽702的条形通槽顶部的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽702的下圆形通孔的圆心之间的距离均相等，且等于卡座连接台210上的两个销轴安装孔204之间的距离。
销轴3安装在销轴安装孔204和销轴滑动槽702中，可以在销轴滑动槽702中往复运动，两侧销轴3距离一定，通过两侧销轴3的协同运动，可以实现滚轮架2与滚轮轴5之间的抬升、翻转和复位的不同相对位姿和工作状态。
如图12所示，链条组件的链条支撑杆16沿传动链条9传送方向依次分为产线上料段11、产线检测段12、产线称重段13、产线分选段14的四段工作区；它们的作用分别是完成马铃薯17的上料、检测、称重和分选。
产线中的主要零部件包括链轮15、输送单元、检测暗箱18、检测段支撑导轨19、称重传感器20、称重段支撑导轨21、电磁拨杆组件23、分选出口24以及机架25等。
输送单元通过支撑卡座7上的链条卡座706卡到传动链条9上，并使传动链条9的销轴8进入链条卡座706上链条销轴安装孔701，每隔一定距离安装一个输送单元。传动链条9与链轮15配合，通过电机驱动整条产线运转。链条支撑杆16通过螺栓固定安装在机架25上，位于传动链条9的下方并与链条相接触，起支撑传动链条9的作用。检测段支撑导轨19和称重段支撑导轨21均安装在产线中输送单元的两侧，分别通过螺栓固定安装在机架25上。两段支撑导轨的截面形状均为槽型，两端均呈坡面结构，便于输送单元进入，起支撑作用。其中，检测段支撑导轨19在产线检测段12与输送单元的外侧滚轮1相接触，将外侧滚轮1、滚轮轴5以及马铃薯17提升一定高度，并通过摩擦使外侧滚轮 1与滚轮轴5旋转，从而带动马铃薯17旋转，如图14所示。检测暗箱18位于产线检测段12，通过螺栓固定安装在机架25上。检测暗箱18内装有相机或光谱检测探头，在马铃薯17转动的过程中进行机器视觉或光谱采集等无损检测。称重段支撑导轨21在产线称重段13与输送单元的外侧称重位点201和内侧称重位点202相接触，将滚轮架2、滚轮轴5连同马铃薯17提升一定高度。当四个位点与安装在称重段支撑导轨21上的称重传感器20接触时，完成称重，如图15、图16所示。在产线分选段14中，电磁拨杆组件23通过螺栓固定安装在机架25上，沿着产线输送方向布置在输送单元的两侧、滚轮架2的分选拨杆203正下方，可以由控制系统控制其弹出或收回。在每一个电磁拨杆组件23安装位置的下方，都对应了一个柔性辊22和分选出口24。其中，柔性辊22由柔性辊驱动电机10带动缓慢旋转，在果蔬卸料的过程中起缓冲作用。当输送单元运动到产线下方时，外侧滚轮1与机架25相接触，起支撑输送单元的作用，如图17所示。
在输送单元被传动链条9传送到上料段和检测段时，支撑卡座7的滚轮架卡座705上的限位斜面Ⅲ704仅与滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的限位斜面Ⅰ205相接触，使得滚轮架卡座705限位稳定地竖直卡装于卡座连接台210中，起限位作用；
在输送单元被传动链条9传送到称重段时，支撑卡座7的滚轮架卡座705上的限位斜面Ⅲ704均与滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的限位斜面Ⅰ205和限位斜面Ⅱ208脱离，不起限位作用；
在输送单元被传动链条9传送到分选段时，滚轮架2被电磁拨杆组件23推动翻转，处于翻转状态位，支撑卡座7的滚轮架卡座705上的限位斜面Ⅲ704仅与滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的限位斜面Ⅱ208相接触，使得滚轮架卡座705限位稳定地倾斜卡装于卡座连接台210中，起限位作用。
在产线上料段11、产线检测段12、产线称重段13、产线分选段14的四段工作区，传动链条9的两侧侧方始终设有机架25；
在产线检测段12处，设有检测暗箱18，传动链条9两侧侧方设有检测段支撑导轨19，检测段支撑导轨19固定于机架25上，检测段支撑导轨19沿传动链条9的前后两端均设有过渡的斜面，两侧的检测段支撑导轨19分别位于滚轮轴5两端所连接的外侧滚轮1下方；检测段支撑导轨19与产线检测段12处的传动链条9和各个输送单元均位于检测暗箱18内；
在产线称重段13处，传动链条9的两侧侧方设有称重段支撑导轨21，称重段支撑导轨21固定于机架25上，称重段支撑导轨21沿传动链条9的前后两端 均设有过渡的斜面，两侧的称重段支撑导轨21分别位于滚轮架2两侧的称重位点下方，称重段支撑导轨21位于分选拨杆203上方；称重段支撑导轨21上布置有称重传感器20，称重传感器20用于和输送单元中滚轮架2称重位点连接；
在产线分选段14处，传动链条9的两侧侧方设有电磁拨杆组件23，电磁拨杆组件23用于和分选拨杆203连接推动，传动链条9下方设有柔性辊22和分选出口24，分选出口24位于柔性辊22下方，柔性辊22同轴连接柔性辊驱动电机10，由柔性辊驱动电机10带动柔性辊22旋转，承接从传动链条9侧旁从输送单元上掉落的果蔬17并旋转缓冲输送到分选出口24中。
称重传感器20为沿称重段支撑导轨21方向布置的条形传感器。具体实施中，两个外侧称重位点201之间的间距大于两个内侧称重位点202之间的间距，称重传感器20呈Z字形，两侧的称重段支撑导轨21上的称重传感器20在外侧称重位点201称重经过处的间距等同于两个外侧称重位点201之间的间距，在内侧称重位点202称重经过处的间距等同于两个内侧称重位点202之间的间距。
当输送单元被传动链条9传送到产线上料段11处时，如图13所示，滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的两个销轴3均处于底部外侧位7024，限位凸台703嵌装于限位卡槽207；
当输送单元被传动链条9传送到产线检测段12处时，如图14所示，滚轮轴5两端的两个外侧滚轮1被检测段支撑导轨19支撑升高，滚轮轴5沿着滚轮轴滑动槽209上升移动，滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的两个销轴3依然均处于底部外侧位7024；滚轮轴5在检测段支撑导轨19表面上受摩擦滚动，进而经外侧滚轮1和滚轮轴5的中心滚轮501外的橡胶衬套4带动同果蔬旋转，进而通过暗箱18内装的相机或光谱检测探头进行检测；检测段处只有滚轮轴5在滚轮轴滑动槽209中被提升，滚轮架2的位置保持不变，703依然与207接触，果蔬被相邻的两个滚轮式输送装置的外侧滚轮1和中心滚轮501承托并带动旋转，此时不与承托爪接触。
当输送单元被传动链条9传送到产线称重段13处时，滚轮轴5不会沿着滚轮轴滑动槽209上升，而是在滚轮轴滑动槽209中随着滚轮架2升高而升高，如图15和图16所示，滚轮架2四角的称重位点被称重段支撑导轨21支撑升高，限位凸台703脱离限位卡槽207，滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的两个销轴3均处于顶部外侧位7021和底部外侧位7024之间，且对称布置；滚轮轴5和称重段支撑导轨21之间不接触保持悬空，滚轮架2相对于支撑卡座7凌空布置，称重段支撑导轨21上的称重传感器20对滚轮架2、滚轮轴5及其上的果蔬构成的整体重量进行称重，进而减去滚轮架2、滚轮轴5重量获得果蔬的重量；
当输送单元被传动链条9传送到产线分选段14处时，如图17所示，电磁拨杆组件23推动滚轮架2底部一侧的分选拨杆203向上运动，限位凸台703脱离限位卡槽207，带动滚轮架2向一侧偏转，滚轮架2的卡座连接台210上的两个销轴3中一个处于顶部内侧位7022，另一个处于底部外侧位7024；果蔬17从滚轮架2的承托爪206上向下掉落到旋转的柔性辊22上，进而经柔性辊22缓冲旋转导向转移到分选出口24。
本发明具体实施还可以通过增加或减小滚轮架2、滚轮轴5、支撑卡座7等零件的宽度以及增减滚轮轴5的中心滚轮501的个数，实现输送单元宽度的变化，从而适应不同尺寸的果蔬，如图18、图19所示。
本发明的完成实施例的实施工作过程如下：
具体实施以马铃薯作为果蔬17。
如图13所示，在产线上料段11完成马铃薯17的上料，由同一个输送单元的外侧滚轮1、中心滚轮501以及承托爪206共同支撑起马铃薯17。此时，输送单元处于初始位置，如图8所示，在自身重力的作用下，转轴503位于滚轮轴滑动槽209的最低位置处，两侧的销轴3均位于销轴滑动槽702的最低位置处，与条形通槽的底部外侧位7024重合。限位斜面Ⅰ205与限位斜面Ⅲ704相接触，限位凸台703卡在限位卡槽207中。通过这些配合共同起到限位作用，避免滚轮架2以及马铃薯17发生侧翻，保证输送过程的稳定运行。
随后，输送单元运载着马铃薯17由检测段支撑导轨19一端的坡面结构进入产线检测段12，如图14所示。此时，检测段支撑导轨19与外侧滚轮1相接触，将外侧滚轮1抬高一定高度，带动转轴503在滚轮轴滑动槽209中向上运动，则外侧滚轮1与滚轮轴5整体向上抬高，而滚轮架2的位置保持不变。这种情况下，马铃薯17依靠相邻输送单元的外侧滚轮1和中心滚轮501支撑，且不会与承托爪206接触。随着传动链条9向前运动，外侧滚轮1与检测段支撑导轨19之间的摩擦作用使得外侧滚轮1与滚轮轴5整体不断旋转向前，从而带动马铃薯17旋转。当通过检测暗箱18内安装相机或光谱检测探头位置处时，可以进行全方位的马铃薯17的机器视觉或光谱采集等无损检测。当外侧滚轮1从检测段支撑导轨19的另一端坡面下降后，马铃薯17会随着外侧滚轮1下降，再次由同一个输送单元的外侧滚轮1、中心滚轮501以及承托爪206共同支撑。
之后输送单元运载着马铃薯17由称重段支撑导轨21一端的坡面结构进入产线称重段13，如图15所示。此时，称重段支撑导轨21与两个外侧称重位点201和两个内侧称重位点202相接触，将外侧滚轮1、滚轮轴5、滚轮架2、橡胶衬套4以及其上放置的马铃薯17同时抬高一定高度，而两侧的销轴3会随着 滚轮架2的抬高在销轴滑动槽702中竖直向上运动一定距离。此时，滚轮架2与下方的支撑卡座7脱离接触。当外侧称重位点201和内测称重位点202运动到称重传感器20上时可以完成称重，得到的重量数值减去外侧滚轮1、滚轮轴5、滚轮架2以及橡胶衬套4的重量，即为马铃薯17的重量。如图16所示，称重传感器20采用“Z”字形分段式结构，两侧距离前宽后窄，其尺寸宽度与内外侧称重位点相配合，保证某一时刻只有一个输送单元的四个称重位点与称重传感器20相接触。随着内外侧称重位点从称重段支撑导轨21的另一端坡面下降后，输送单元整体回到初始位置。
最后，马铃薯17随着输送单元运动进入产线分选段14，如图17所示。根据产线检测段12和产线称重段13得到的无损检测结果和称重数值，通过计算机确定马铃薯17对应的分选出口24，由控制系统控制对应位置的电磁拨杆组件23弹出，向上拨动一侧的输送单元的分选拨杆203，使滚轮架2及滚轮轴5等向上和向另一侧发生倾倒，此时限位卡槽207和限位凸台703、限位斜面Ⅲ704和限位斜面Ⅰ205均脱离接触，失去限位作用。另外在电磁拨杆组件203竖直向上推动力的作用下，靠近电磁拨杆组件23一侧的销轴3在销轴滑动槽702中竖直向上运动。由于两侧销轴3距离一定，另一侧的销轴3则沿着侧边被拖拽向上运动。当竖直向上运动的销轴3到达条形通槽的顶部外侧位7021时，另一侧的销轴3恰好进入底部内侧位7023，如图9所示。在顶部外侧位7021和底部内侧位7023的限位作用下，随着电磁拨杆组件23的继续推动以及机构自身重力的作用，靠近电磁拨杆组件23一侧的销轴3沿着水平方向运动进入顶部内侧位7022中，另一侧的销轴3则又被拖拽回落到初始的条形通槽的底部外侧位7024，如图10所示。此时，限位斜面Ⅱ208和限位斜面Ⅲ704相接触，两侧的销轴3分别进入顶部内侧位7022和底部外侧位7024中，两部分共同起限位作用，将输送单元保持在分选结束状态。随着输送单元倾倒的马铃薯17会首先掉落到旋转的柔性辊22上缓冲，最后下落到相应的分选出口24，完成分选。输送单元整体呈对称结构，向另一侧倾倒的过程与上述步骤一致，从而可以实现两侧分选。
在完成分选后，输送单元随着传动链条9运动到产线下方。此时，输送单元处于反转状态，如图11所示。在自身重力的作用下，外侧滚轮1和滚轮轴5下落到反转后的滚轮轴滑动槽209中的最低位置，原本处于条形通槽的底部外侧位7024的销轴3会竖直下落到条形通槽的顶部外侧位7021，由于两侧销轴3距离一定，则原本处于顶部内侧位7022中的销轴3会被拖拽运动到顶部外侧位7021。此时，输送单元整体处于竖直状态，外侧滚轮1与机架25相接触，起到支撑作用，如图17所示。随着传动链条9继续运动到产线上料段11时，输送 单元再次反转。同样在自身重力的作用下，外侧滚轮1和滚轮轴5下落到滚轮轴滑动槽209中的最低位置，两侧的销轴3同时竖直下落到销轴滑动槽702的条形通槽的底部外侧位7024，输送单元整体又回到上料时的初始状态，如图8所示。
上述具体实施方式用来解释说明本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明做出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：
    包括链条组件和输送单元，输送单元上放置果蔬(17)；所述的链条组件包括传动链条(9)和链条支撑杆(16)，传动链条(9)在链条支撑杆(16)上；沿传动链条(9)的各个链节上安装有输送单元；所述的输送单元包括外侧滚轮(1)、滚轮架(2)、销轴(3)、橡胶衬套(4)、滚轮轴(5)和支撑卡座(7)；两个外侧滚轮(1)同轴固定套装在滚轮轴(5)的两端，滚轮轴(5)外有橡胶衬套(4)，滚轮轴(5)可活动地套装在滚轮架(2)顶部的异形孔槽中，滚轮轴(5)轴向垂直于传动链条(9)的传送方向布置，滚轮架(2)底部通过销轴(3)和异形孔槽与支撑卡座(7)顶部可活动地连接；支撑卡座(7)安装在传动链条(9)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：所述的滚轮架(2)主体是一个由位于中间的底板和位于底板两侧的竖板连接构成的U形架，两侧竖板上在沿传动链条(9)传送方向上游一侧均设有滚轮轴滑动槽(209)，滚轮轴滑动槽(209)为长度方向沿上下方向的腰形槽，滚轮轴(5)活动装在两侧竖板的两个滚轮轴滑动槽(209)中沿上下升降活动；两侧竖板上在沿传动链条(9)传送下游一侧之间连接有承托爪(206)，承托爪(206)从竖板的中部开始沿传动链条(9)传送方向以倾斜向上布置，果蔬(17)放置在承托爪(206)和竖板之间形成的内凹部位，被承托爪(206)和滚轮轴(5)的中部支撑承托；滚轮架(2)的底板底面固定设有一长方体的卡座连接台(210)，卡座连接台(210)上对称有两个销轴安装孔(204)，每个销轴安装孔(204)内均安装有一个销轴(3)；
    所述的支撑卡座(7)主要由位于下部的链条卡座(706)和位于上部的滚轮架卡座(705)的两部分组成一体；链条卡座(706)连接安装到传动链条(9)；所述的滚轮架卡座(705)包括沿传动链条(9)传送方向间隔布置的两块侧板，两块侧板的一侧开设有一销轴滑动槽组，两块侧板的另一侧开设有另一销轴滑动槽组，每一销轴滑动槽组包括分别在两块侧板上且沿传动链条(9)同一传送方向开设的两个采用异形孔槽的销轴滑动槽(702)，每块侧板上的两个销轴滑动槽(702)对称布置；两块侧板之间形成长方体的安装槽口，使得长方体的卡座连接台(210)嵌装于安装槽口中；卡座连接台(210)上两个销轴安装孔(204)的销轴(3)分别穿过一个销轴滑动槽组，销轴(3)穿过销轴滑动槽组中的两个销轴滑动槽(702)，从而使得滚轮架(2)底部与支撑卡座(7)顶部可活动 地连接，进而调整滚轮架(2)与支撑卡座(7)之间形成不同的位姿关系以实现不同的工作状态；
    滚轮架(2)的卡座连接台(210)两侧面对称均设有两个倒角结构形式的限位斜面，每侧的两个限位斜面分为从下到上依次布置的限位斜面Ⅰ(205)和限位斜面Ⅱ(208)；滚轮架卡座(705)两块侧板之间的安装槽口底部均设有倾斜向上向外的限位斜面Ⅲ(704)，限位斜面Ⅲ(704)用于和滚轮架(2)上的限位斜面Ⅰ(205)和限位斜面Ⅱ(208)相配合起限位作用。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：所述的滚轮架卡座(705)的两块侧板在沿传动链条(9)方向上至少其中一块侧板向上凸出形成限位凸台(703)；限位凸台(703)上方的滚轮架(2)底板底面设有一限位卡槽(207)，限位凸台(703)用于嵌装到限位卡槽(207)进行配合。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：所述的滚轮架(2)底板四角均布置了称重位点，称重位点分为位于下游的两个外侧称重位点(201)和位于上游的两个内侧称重位点(202)，两个外侧称重位点(201)分别布置滚轮架(2)底板靠近传动链条(9)传送方向下游的两侧，两个内侧称重位点(202)也分别布置滚轮架(2)底板靠近传动链条(9)传送方向上游的两侧。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：所述的滚轮架(2)底板中部的两外侧设有用于被驱动带动滚轮架(2)倾斜卸料的分选拨杆(203)。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：所述的滚轮轴(5)包括中心滚轮(501)、锥形安装块(502)和转轴(503)；中心滚轮(501)同轴固定套装在转轴(503)的中部，中心滚轮(501)外套装橡胶衬套(4)；滚轮轴(5)两端同轴固接有锥形安装块(502)，锥形安装块(502)过盈配合地套装在外侧滚轮(1)的锥形安装孔内；转轴(503)在中心滚轮(501)两侧的部位分别装在滚轮架(2)的两个滚轮轴滑动槽(209)中，在滚轮轴滑动槽(209)中上下活动。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：单个所述的销轴滑动槽(702)的形状为异形槽口，销轴滑动槽(702)主体为上下竖直布置的条形通槽，条形通槽的顶部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个上圆形通孔并相连通，条形通槽的底部在靠近侧板中央的一侧紧邻设置一个下圆形通孔并相连通；条形通槽的宽度、上圆形通孔的直径、下圆形通孔 的直径均与销轴(3)的直径相同，使得销轴(3)沿条形通槽上下运动，能通过条形通槽的顶部活动到上圆形通孔中，能通过条形通槽的底部活动到下圆形通孔中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种用于果蔬分选的滚轮式输送装置，其特征在于：同一块侧板上，两侧销轴滑动槽(702)的条形通槽顶部的圆心之间的距离、两侧销轴滑动槽(702)的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、一侧销轴滑动槽(702)的上圆形通孔的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽(702)的条形通槽底部的圆心之间的距离、以及一侧销轴滑动槽(702)的条形通槽顶部的圆心到另一侧销轴滑动槽(702)的下圆形通孔的圆心之间的距离均相等，且等于卡座连接台(210)上的两个销轴安装孔(204)之间的距离。
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