WO2023284059A1 - 一种由戊二酸酯合成s-尼古丁的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种由戊二酸酯合成s-尼古丁的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023284059A1 WO2023284059A1 PCT/CN2021/112805 CN2021112805W WO2023284059A1 WO 2023284059 A1 WO2023284059 A1 WO 2023284059A1 CN 2021112805 W CN2021112805 W CN 2021112805W WO 2023284059 A1 WO2023284059 A1 WO 2023284059A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pyridin
- nicotine
- amino
- acid ester
- preparation
- Prior art date
Links
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- -1 glutaric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nornicotine Natural products C1CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- MCYHHDTWHORPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-1-pyridin-3-ylbutan-2-one Chemical compound NCCC(=O)CC1=CC=CN=C1 MCYHHDTWHORPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KDLXVEJLWHWJBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(CCCC(C1=CC=CN=C1)=O)=O Chemical compound NC(CCCC(C1=CC=CN=C1)=O)=O KDLXVEJLWHWJBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ISWVWRMUVLNLQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(CCCC(C1=CC=CN=C1)=C=O)=O Chemical compound OC(CCCC(C1=CC=CN=C1)=C=O)=O ISWVWRMUVLNLQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PHDOOOFAAKSEEP-VIFPVBQESA-N (1S)-4-amino-1-pyridin-3-ylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCC[C@@H](C1=CC=CN=C1)O PHDOOOFAAKSEEP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical group ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VAEVMMUGLYAVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N B.Cl Chemical compound B.Cl VAEVMMUGLYAVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEUXMLHLHMFWAB-VIFPVBQESA-N NCCC[C@@H](C1=CC=CN=C1)Cl Chemical compound NCCC[C@@H](C1=CC=CN=C1)Cl XEUXMLHLHMFWAB-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001035 methylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UOALEFQKAOQICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroborane Chemical compound ClB UOALEFQKAOQICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OUWSNHWQZPEFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl glutarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCC(=O)OCC OUWSNHWQZPEFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nicotinate Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XBLVHTDFJBKJLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl nicotinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 XBLVHTDFJBKJLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical group IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CN=C1 NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001238 methylnicotinate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LURDQLDPBFMVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-pyridin-3-ylpentanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1=CC=CN=C1 LURDQLDPBFMVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940064982 ethylnicotinate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[5-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CC=1OC(=NN=1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPSXHKGJZJCWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)OC1CCN(CC1)CC VPSXHKGJZJCWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003512 Claisen condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSICJOVDFUZPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl pentanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)CCCC(=O)OCCCCC MSICJOVDFUZPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXAVSISAEGUDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl pentanedioate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCCC(=O)OCCC IXAVSISAEGUDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003571 electronic cigarette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHYCRLGKOZWVEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOC(C)=O MHYCRLGKOZWVEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hypochlorite Chemical compound [K+].Cl[O-] SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hypobromite Chemical compound [Na+].Br[O-] CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
Definitions
- S-nicotine is obtained by reacting S-desmethylnicotine with an amine methylating reagent.
- the molar ratio of the nicotinic acid ester, glutaric acid ester and basic catalyst is 1:(1 ⁇ 1.5):(1.2 ⁇ 2); more preferably, the nicotinic acid ester
- the molar ratio of glutaric acid ester and basic catalyst is 1:1.5:2.
- the solvent used in the S1 step can be one or more of tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, dimethyltetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; preferably, the organic Solvent I is tetrahydrofuran.
- the alkaline earth metal oxide includes but not limited to one or more of Na 2 O, Li 2 O and K 2 O.
- the amines include but not limited to triethylamine and/or diisopropylethylamine.
- the metal salt of the amine includes but not limited to sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and/or lithium diisopropylamide.
- the hydroxide includes but not limited to one or more of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
- the bicarbonate includes but not limited to sodium bicarbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate.
- the basic catalyst is selected from any one of sodium tert-butoxide, NaH and potassium tert-butoxide.
- the molar ratio of the 5-carbonyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanoic acid to ammonia water is 1:(2 ⁇ 4); more preferably, the 5-carbonyl- The molar ratio of 5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanoic acid to ammonia water is 1:3.
- the reaction temperature of the S2 step is 60-70°C, and the reaction time is 1-3h; preferably, the reaction temperature of the S2 step is 65°C, and the reaction time is 2h.
- the molar ratio of the 5-oxo-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanamide to the hypohalite is 1:(1 ⁇ 2); preferably, the The molar ratio of 5-oxo-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanamide to hypohalite is 1:1.5.
- the specific operation is: quickly add the mixture containing 5-oxo-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanamide obtained in the S2 step to the hypohalite at 0°C, and Keep the reaction at 0°C for 1h, then raise the temperature to 71°C and react at 71°C for 1h, stop the reaction, cool the reaction solution to 25°C, add saturated NaOH aqueous solution, extract, take the organic phase, dry, and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain 4- amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butanone.
- the reaction temperature in step S4 is 0°C.
- step S4 what is obtained in the step S4 is a mixture containing (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol.
- the molar ratio of (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol to oxalyl chloride is 1:(1 ⁇ 1.5); more preferably , the molar ratio of (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol to oxalyl chloride is 1:1.
- the reaction time of the step S5 is 20-40 minutes; preferably, the reaction time of the step S5 is 30 minutes.
- the (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)chloro-butane prepared in the S5 step needs to be dissolved by adding tetrahydrofuran, and reacts with an alkali after dissolution to perform ring closure , forming S-desmethylnicotine.
- the molar ratio of (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-chloride to sodium hydroxide is 1:(1.5 ⁇ 2.5); Preferably, the molar ratio of (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-chloride to sodium hydroxide is 1:2.
- the reaction temperature of the (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-chloride and the base is 55-65°C, and the reaction time is 2-65°C. 3h; preferably, the reaction temperature of (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-chloride and base is 60°C, and the reaction time is 2h.
- the S6 step obtains a mixture containing S-desmethylnicotine.
- the reaction temperature of the mixture containing S-desmethylnicotine and the amine methylation reagent is 20-30°C, and the reaction time is 2-4 hours; preferably, the mixture containing S- - The reaction temperature of the mixture of demethylnicotine and the amine methylating reagent is 25° C., and the reaction time is 3 hours.
- the pH value of the mixture containing 5-carbonyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl) valeric acid prepared by 5mol/L hydrochloric acid regulation S1 step is 4 , then add 204.36g NH content is 25wt% industrial ammonia ( Among them, NH 3 ( 3mol, 3eq) was reacted at 65°C for 2h to obtain a mixture containing 5-oxo-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pentanamide.
- step S4 Dissolve the 4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butanone obtained in step S3 in 5L tetrahydrofuran at 0°C, and then add 481.1g (1.5mol, 1.5eq)(+)-B-diisopine Pinyl chloride borane was reacted at 0°C for 2h to obtain a mixture containing (S)-4-amino-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol.
- step S7 Add 170.3g (1.2mol, 1.2eq) methyl iodide to the mixture containing S-desmethylnicotine prepared in step S6, react at 25°C for 3h, adjust the pH of the system to 6 with 5mol/L hydrochloric acid, and use dichloromethane Extraction, take the organic phase, add Na 2 SO 4 to the organic phase to dry, concentrate under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and obtain crude S-nicotine; the crude S-nicotine is then purified by atmospheric distillation to obtain S-nicotine, with a yield of 53%. The ee value is 98%, and the purity is 95%.
- Examples 4-5 differ from Example 1 only in that: in the S1 step reaction, the amounts of diethyl glutarate and NaH are adjusted, as shown in Table 2.
- Example 13-15 The only difference between Examples 13-15 and Example 1 is that in the reaction of step S4, the type of organic solvent is adjusted, as shown in Table 6 for details.
- Example 18 differs from Example 1 only in that in the S1 step, methyl nicotinate is replaced by ethyl nicotinate in equimolar amounts, the yield of S-nicotine is 52%, and the ee value is 98%. 95% purity.
- Example 19 the only difference from Example 1 is that in the S1 step, diethyl glutarate is replaced by dimethyl glutarate in an equimolar manner, and the yield of S-nicotine obtained is 54%, ee Value 98%, purity 95%.
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Abstract
一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,采用烟酸酯和戊二酸酯在碱性催化剂作用下反应得5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸,再与胺化试剂反应得5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺,再进行霍夫曼降解得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮,并利用(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷对4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮的羰基进行还原,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇,再进行氯代关环得S-去甲基尼古丁,最后胺甲基化得到S-尼古丁。该方法具有操作简单,原料易得,产率高和ee值高等优点,反应条件更温和,反应过程处理工序简易,更加适合工业化生产。
Description
本发明涉及化学合成技术领域,尤其是涉及一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法。
尼古丁作为电子烟的重要活性成分之一,主要来源于烟草提取物和人工化学合成方法。其中,从烟草等植物中提取纯化的尼古丁还含有其他致癌的烟草化合物类杂质,损害人体健康;且烟草提取物受原材料和气候等影响较多,很难进行大规模工业化生产。人工化学合成尼古丁几乎无他致癌的烟草化合物类杂质,同时可以大规模工业化生产。
文献Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry,2009,46(6),1252-1258.报道了一种以3-溴吡啶为原料制备尼古丁的方法,如反应式1所示:
反应式1的制备方法以3-溴吡啶为起始原料,3-溴吡啶的价格昂贵,且需要超低温(-78℃)的条件,实验条件苛刻,不适合工业化生产,且生成的尼古丁为消旋体尼古丁。
目前,具有光学活性的单一构型的尼古丁的制备方法较少,公开号为CN104341390A的专利公开了一种S-尼古丁的制备方法,以环状亚胺为起始原料,需要昂贵的手性催化剂,且需要高压氢气设备,生产成本较高,不适合大规模工业化生产。公开号为CN11233829A的专利公开了一种光学活性的尼古丁的制备方法,采用含氮或含磷的手性配体制备有机金属催化剂,以亚胺盐衍生物为起始原料制备了S-尼古丁,有机金属催化剂的制备较复杂,生产成本较高,S-尼古丁的纯度较低。
戊二酸酯是一种来源广且价廉的原料,但目前还未见以戊二酸酯为原材料工业化合成S-尼古丁的报道。
发明内容
为了降低S-尼古丁的制备成本,本申请提供一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,采用如下技术方案实现:
一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、烟酸酯和戊二酸酯在碱性催化剂作用下进行缩合反应,得5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸;
S2、5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与胺化试剂反应,得5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺;
S3、5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺在次卤酸盐作用下进行霍夫曼降解反应,得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮;
S4、4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮和(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷加入有机溶剂II中,在-30~10℃反应得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇;
S5、(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇与氯代试剂反应,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷;
S6、(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯在碱的作用下发生环合反应,得S-去甲基尼古丁;
S7、S-去甲基尼古丁与胺甲基化试剂反应得S-尼古丁。
通过采取上述技术方案,烟酸酯和戊二酸酯是价廉的原材料,来源广,可以降低原材料的生产成本,烟酸酯和戊二酸酯在碱性催化剂作用下进行Claisen缩合反应得5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸,再与胺化试剂反应得5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺,再进行霍夫曼降解得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮,并利用(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷对4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮的羰基进行还原,诱导产生手性羟基,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇,再进行氯代关环构建手性的S-去甲基尼古丁,最后胺甲基化得到光化学活性的S-尼古丁。本申请以戊二酸酯为原材料的合成路线,具有操作简单,原料易得,产率高等优点,且S-尼古丁的ee值较高,反应条件更温和,反应过程处理工序简易,更加适合工业化生产。
优选的,所述S1步骤中,所述烟酸酯、戊二酸酯和碱性催化剂的摩尔比为1:(1~1.5):(1.2~2);更优选的,所述烟酸酯、戊二酸酯和碱性催化剂的摩尔比为1:1.5:2。
本申请中,所述S1步骤中,所述戊二酸酯选自戊二酸二乙酯、戊二酸二甲酯、戊二酸二正丙酯和戊二酸二正戊酯中的任一种;从反应成本角度考虑,所述戊二酸酯为戊二酸二乙酯或戊二酸二甲酯的成本更低。
本申请中,所述S1步骤中,所述烟酸酯为烟酸甲酯或烟酸乙酯。
本申请中,所述S1步骤中,戊二酸酯和碱性催化剂的反应温度为0-5℃,优选为0℃,反应时间为30min;烟酸酯加入后的反应温度为20-30℃,的反应温度为25℃。
本申请中,所述S1步骤中使用的溶剂可以为四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲基四氢 呋喃和1,4-二氧六环中的一种或多种;优选的,所述有机溶剂I为四氢呋喃。
本申请中,所述S1步骤中,所述碱性催化剂选自碱金属烷氧化物、碱土金属氢化物、碱土金属氧化物、胺、胺的金属盐、氢氧化物、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐中的一种或几种。
本申请中,所述碱金属烷氧化物包括但不限于叔丁醇钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠和叔丁醇钾中任一种。
本申请中,所述碱土金属氢化物包括但不限于NaH、LiH和KH中的一种或多种。
本申请中,所述碱土金属氧化物包括但不限于Na
2O、Li
2O和K
2O中的一种或多种。
本申请中,所述胺包括但不限于三乙胺和/或二异丙基乙基胺。
本申请中,所述胺的金属盐包括但不限于二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠和/或二异丙基氨基锂。
本申请中,所述氢氧化物包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂和氢氧化镁中的一种或多种。
本申请中,所述碳酸盐包括但不限于碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸铯中的一种或多种。
本申请中,所述碳酸氢盐包括但不限于碳酸氢钠和/或碳酸氢钾。
更优选的,所述碱性催化剂选自叔丁醇钠、NaH和叔丁醇钾中的任一种。
本申请中,所述S1步骤得到的是含5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸的混合物。
本申请中,所述S2步骤中,5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与胺化试剂反应前需要调节体系的pH,具体操作是将S1步骤得到的含5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸的混合物的pH调节至2-5,优选采用盐酸调节体系的pH为4。
优选的,所述S2步骤中,所述胺化试剂选自氨水、甲酰胺和乙酰胺中的一种或多种;当胺化试剂为氨水时价格更低,氨水的生产成本比甲酰胺和乙酰胺的生产成本低,且无后续脱去甲酰基和乙酰基的步骤,反应步骤更短,更有利于工业化生产。
优选的,所述S2步骤中,所述5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与氨水的摩尔比为1:(2~4);更优选的,所述5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与氨水的摩尔比为1:3。
本申请中,所述S2步骤的反应温度为60-70℃,反应时间为1-3h;优选的,所述S2步骤的反应温度为65℃,反应时间为2h。
本申请中,所述S2步骤得到的是含5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺的混合物。
本申请中,所述S3步骤中,所述次卤酸盐选自次氯酸钠、次溴酸钠和次氯酸钾中的任一种;优选的,所述S3步骤中,所述次卤酸盐为次氯酸钠。
本申请中,所述S3步骤中,所述5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺和次卤酸盐的摩尔比 为1:(1~2);优选的,所述5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺和次卤酸盐的摩尔比为1:1.5。
本申请中,所述S3步骤中,具体操作为:0℃下将S2步骤得到的含5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺的混合物迅速加入次卤酸盐中,并保持0℃反应1h,后升温至71℃并在71℃反应1h,停止反应后将反应液冷却至25℃,加入饱和NaOH水溶液,萃取,取有机相,干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮。
优选的,所述S4步骤中,所述4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮和(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷的摩尔比为1:(1.2~2);更优选的,所述4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮和(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷的摩尔比为1:1.5。
优选的,所述S4步骤中,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
优选的,所述S4步骤的反应温度为0℃。
本申请中,所述S4步骤的反应时间为2h。
本申请中,所述S4步骤得到的是含(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇的混合物。
优选的,所述S5步骤中,所述氯代试剂选自草酰氯、二氯亚砜和三氯亚磷中的一种或多种;更优选的,所述氯代试剂为草酰氯。
优选的,所述S5步骤中,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇和草酰氯的摩尔比为1:(1~1.5);更优选的,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇和草酰氯的摩尔比为1:1。
本申请中,所述S5步骤的反应温度为0~10℃;更优选的,所述S5步骤的反应温度为0℃。
本申请中,所述S5步骤的反应时间为20~40min;优选的,所述S5步骤的反应时间为30min。
本申请中,所述S5步骤中,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇与草酰氯反应后还需要萃取,萃取剂可以为二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯。萃取后,取有机相并旋蒸除去溶剂,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷。
本申请中,所述S6步骤中,所述S5步骤制备的(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷需要加入四氢呋喃溶解,溶解后与碱反应进行关环,形成S-去甲基尼古丁。
优选的,所述S6步骤中,所述碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化铯、氢氧化钡和氢氧化镁中的一种或多种;更优选的,所述碱为氢氧化钠。
本申请中,所述S6步骤中,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:(1.5~2.5);优选的,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯和氢氧化钠的摩 尔比为1:2。
本申请中,所述S6步骤中,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯与碱的反应温度为55~65℃,反应时间为2~3h;优选的,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯与碱的反应温度为60℃,反应时间为2h。
本申请中,所述S6步骤得到的是含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物。
本申请中,所述S7步骤中,所述胺甲基化试剂为碘甲烷。
本申请中,所述S7步骤中,所述含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物中S-去甲基尼古丁和碘甲烷的摩尔比为1:(1.1~1.4);优选的,所述含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物中S-去甲基尼古丁和碘甲烷的摩尔比为1:1.2。
本申请中,所述S7步骤中,所述含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物与胺甲基化试剂反应的温度为20~30℃,反应时间为2~4h;优选的,所述含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物与胺甲基化试剂反应的温度为25℃,反应时间为3h。
本申请中,所述S7步骤中,所述含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物与胺甲基化试剂反应后需要用酸调节pH为6,萃取,合并四次萃取的有机相,有机相经Na
2SO
4干燥,减压浓缩得S-尼古丁粗品,蒸馏纯化,得S-尼古丁。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
本申请提供了一种新的S-尼古丁的合成方法,以廉价的烟酸酯和戊二酸酯为起始原料,原料便宜,成本低,反应过程处理工序简易,操作简便,反应条件温和,S-尼古丁的产率高,ee值高,反应路线适于工业化大规模生产。
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请使用的原料均可通过市售获得,若无特殊说明,本申请未提及的原料均购买自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
实施例1-19提供了一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,以下以实施例1为例进行说明。
实施例1提供的由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其中,所述烟酸酯为烟酸甲酯,所述戊二酸酯为戊二酸二乙酯,其合成路线如反应式2所示:
具体的制备步骤为:
S1、0℃下将48g(2mol,2eq)NaH和282.3g(1.5mol,1.5eq)戊二酸二乙酯溶于4L四氢呋喃中,在0℃反应30min,后加入137.1g(1mol)烟酸甲酯,在25℃进行缩合反应,TCL监测反应至反应结束,得含5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸的混合物。
S2、用5mol/L盐酸调节S1步骤制备的含5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸的混合物的pH值为4,再加入204.36g NH
3含量为25wt%的工业氨水(其中NH
3 3mol,3eq),在65℃反应2h,得含5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺的混合物。
S3、0℃下将S2步骤得到的含5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺的混合物迅速加入111.7g(1.5mol,1.5eq)次氯酸钠中,在0℃反应1h,水浴加热至71℃,并在71℃反应1h,停止反应后将反应液冷却至25℃,再用饱和NaOH水溶液调节体系的pH为9,溶液变黑后,加入乙酸乙酯-水(乙酸乙酯和水的体积比为1:2)萃取三次,取有机层用无水Na
2SO
4干燥,过滤除去Na
2SO
4,旋蒸除去溶剂,真空干燥,得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮。
S4、0℃下将S3步骤得到的4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮用5L四氢呋喃溶解,再加入481.1g(1.5mol,1.5eq)(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷,在0℃反应2h,得含(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇的混合物。
S5、0℃下,向S4步骤得到的含(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇的混合物中加入126.9g(1mol,1eq)草酰氯,并在0℃反应30min,反应后用二氯甲烷萃取,取有机相并旋蒸除去溶剂,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷。
S6、向S5步骤得到的(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷中加入2L四氢呋喃,溶 解后,加入80g(2mol,2eq)NaOH,搅拌溶解后在60℃反应2h,得含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物。
S7、向S6步骤制备的含S-去甲基尼古丁的混合物中加入170.3g(1.2mol,1.2eq)碘甲烷,25℃反应3h,用5mol/L盐酸调节体系pH为6,用二氯甲烷萃取,取有机相,有机相中加入Na
2SO
4干燥,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得S-尼古丁粗品;S-尼古丁粗品再经过一次常压蒸馏纯化,得S-尼古丁,收率53%,ee值98%,纯度95%。
值得注意的是,本申请中实施例中各质量和具体的摩尔量可以根据工业化生产的容器的大小进行选择,只需要保持各反应原料之间的当量比一致即可。
实施例2-3,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S1步骤反应中,对碱性催化剂的种类进行调整,具体如表1所示。
表1 S1步骤反应中碱性催化剂选择对反应的影响
编号 | 碱性催化剂选择 | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | NaH | 53 |
实施例2 | 叔丁醇钠 | 50 |
实施例3 | 叔丁醇钾 | 50 |
实施例4-5,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S1步骤反应中,对戊二酸二乙酯和NaH的用量进行调整,具体如表2所示。
表2 S1步骤反应中戊二酸二乙酯和NaH的用量对反应的影响
实施例6-7,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S2步骤反应中,对氨水的用量进行调整,具体如表3所示。
表3 S2步骤反应中氨水的用量对反应的影响
编号 | 氨水的当量数(eq) | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | 3 | 53 |
实施例6 | 2 | 45 |
实施例7 | 4 | 48 |
实施例8-9,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S4步骤反应中,对(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷的用量进行调整,具体如表4所示。
表4 S4步骤反应中(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷用量对反应的影响
编号 | (+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷的当量数(eq) | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | 1.5 | 53 |
实施例8 | 1 | 49 |
实施例9 | 2 | 51 |
实施例10-12,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S4步骤反应中,对反应温度进行调整,具体如表5所示。
表5 S4步骤反应中反应温度对反应的影响
编号 | 反应温度(℃) | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | 0 | 53 |
实施例10 | -10 | 45 |
实施例11 | 10 | 50 |
实施例12 | 5 | 49 |
实施例13-15,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S4步骤反应中,对有机溶剂的种类进行调整,具体如表6所示。
表6 S4步骤反应中有机溶剂选择对反应的影响
编号 | 有机溶剂选择 | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | 四氢呋喃 | 53 |
实施例13 | 1,4-二氧六环 | 25 |
实施例14 | 甲基叔丁基醚 | 0 |
实施例15 | 无水乙醚 | 0 |
实施例16-17,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S5步骤反应中,对草酰氯的用量进行调整,具体如表7所示。
表7 S5步骤反应中草酰氯的用量对反应的影响
编号 | 草酰氯的当量数(eq) | S-尼古丁的收率(%) |
实施例1 | 1 | 53 |
实施例16 | 1.5 | 49 |
实施例17 | 0.5 | 41 |
实施例18,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S1步骤中,烟酸甲酯等摩尔替换为烟酸乙酯,制得的S-尼古丁的收率52%,ee值98%,纯度95%。
实施例19,与实施例1不同之处仅在于:所述S1步骤中,戊二酸二乙酯等摩尔替换为戊二酸二甲酯,制得的S-尼古丁的收率54%,ee值98%,纯度95%。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (10)
- 一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1、烟酸酯和戊二酸酯在碱性催化剂作用下进行缩合反应,得5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸;S2、5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与胺化试剂反应,得5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺;S3、5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺在次卤酸盐作用下进行霍夫曼降解反应,得4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮;S4、4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮和(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷加入有机溶剂中,在-30~10℃反应得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇;S5、(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇与氯代试剂反应,得(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)氯-丁烷;S6、(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-氯在碱的作用下发生环合反应,得S-去甲基尼古丁;S7、S-去甲基尼古丁与胺甲基化试剂反应得S-尼古丁。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1步骤中,所述烟酸酯、戊二酸酯和碱性催化剂的摩尔比为1:(1~1.5):(1.2~2)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2步骤中,所述胺化试剂选自氨水、甲酰胺和乙酰胺中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2步骤中,所述5-羰基-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酸与氨水的摩尔比为1:(2~4)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3步骤中,所述5-氧代-5-(吡啶-3-基)戊酰胺和次卤酸盐的摩尔比为1:(1~2)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤中,所述4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁酮和(+)-B-二异松蒎基氯硼烷的摩尔比为1:(1.2~2)。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤中,所述有机溶剂II为四氢呋喃。
- 根据权利要求6或7所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤的反应温度为0℃。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S5步骤中,所述氯代试剂选自草酰氯、二氯亚砜和三氯亚磷中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种由戊二酸酯合成S-尼古丁的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S5步骤中,所述(S)-4-氨基-1-(吡啶-3-基)丁-1-醇和草酰氯的摩尔比为1:(1~1.5)。
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