WO2023199459A1 - 光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法 - Google Patents
光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3401—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
- G02B1/115—Multilayers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
- H01S5/0287—Facet reflectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3401—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers
- H01S5/3402—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers intersubband lasers, e.g. transitions within the conduction or valence bands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an optical semiconductor device and a method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device.
- a conventional quantum cascade laser device as described in Patent Document 1, for example, includes a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor stack formed on the semiconductor substrate, a first electrode formed on the top of the semiconductor stack, A second electrode formed at the bottom of the semiconductor substrate was provided, and an anti-reflection (AR) film was formed on one of a pair of end faces of the semiconductor stack including the active layer. .
- AR anti-reflection
- Patent Document 1 when the refractive index of the semiconductor laminate is 3.2, a plurality of antireflection films forming the antireflection film are used as an antireflection film that achieves a reflectance of less than 0.1% at the center wavelength of laser light of 10 ⁇ m.
- the first layer of the refractive index film is a CeO 2 (Cerium Oxide) film with a refractive index of 1.7 and a film thickness of 50 nm
- the second layer is a film with a refractive index of 2.2 and a film thickness.
- the third layer is a ZnS (Zinc Sulfide) film with a refractive index of 50 nm
- the third layer is a CeF 3 (Cerium Fluoride) film with a refractive index of 1.45 and a film thickness of 600 nm
- the fourth layer is a refractive index It is disclosed that a multilayer film consisting of four refractive index films, such as a ZnS film having a film thickness of 2.2 and a film thickness of 450 nm, may be used.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the end face of a semiconductor laser device having an effective refractive index n c and an oscillation wavelength ⁇ has a refractive index n f equal to the square root of the effective refractive index n c and a film thickness ⁇ /(4n f ), an ideal single-layer film with a reflectance of zero at the oscillation wavelength ⁇ has a refractive index of n1 , a film thickness of d1 , and a refractive index of n2 . It is disclosed that it can be replaced with a three-layer film having a film thickness of d 2 and a refractive index of n 3 and a film thickness of d 3.
- the refractive index of any one of the refractive indices n 1 , n 2 and n 3 is greater than the refractive index n f
- any one of the refractive indices n 1 , n 2 and n 3 is greater than the refractive index n f small.
- a film having a refractive index of n a and a film thickness of ⁇ /(2n a ) is inserted at a position between each film, but this is because the characteristic matrix of the film is It is only a unit matrix, and there is no description or suggestion regarding replacing an ideal single layer film by using a film configuration of four or more layers by inserting a film other than the unit matrix.
- JP2021-163922A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 05-243689 International Publication No. 2019/053854
- the refractive index of the semiconductor stack is 3.2
- a semiconductor layer is used as an antireflection film that achieves a reflectance of less than 0.1% at the center wavelength of the laser beam of 10 ⁇ m.
- the first layer is a CeO 2 film with a refractive index of 1.7 and a thickness of 50 nm
- the second layer is a ZnS film with a refractive index of 2.2 and a film thickness of 50 nm.
- the third layer is a CeF 3 film with a refractive index of 1.45 and a film thickness of 600 nm
- the fourth layer is a ZnS film with a refractive index of 2.2 and a film thickness of 450 nm
- a multilayer of the above four layers It was composed of a membrane.
- Patent Document 1 does not disclose how the thickness of each film of the multilayer film is determined, so if the refractive index of the semiconductor stack or the refractive index of each film changes, appropriate antireflection A film could not be formed. That is, Patent Document 1 does not disclose any method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device. Furthermore, as will be described later, although the reflectance at the center wavelength of the laser beam was less than 0.1%, it was not an antireflection film in which the reflectance was zero or minimal at that wavelength.
- the antireflection film of the semiconductor laser device described in Patent Document 2 has an effective refractive index n f of the square root of the effective refractive index n c on the end face of the semiconductor laser device whose effective refractive index is n c and whose oscillation wavelength is ⁇ . and the ideal single-layer film with a film thickness of ⁇ /(4n f ) is replaced with a three-layer film, or a refractive index whose characteristic matrix becomes a unit matrix at any position between each film after replacement is a reflection film composed of four or more multilayer coating films in which the characteristic matrix of each coating film is not a unit matrix . It was not a preventive film.
- the present disclosure has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and by replacing the ideal single-layer coating film with a multilayer coating film of four or more layers whose characteristic matrix is not a unit matrix. , To realize an optical semiconductor device having an anti-reflection film whose reflectance is zero or minimal at a desired wavelength, that is, the center wavelength of laser light, and to obtain a method for designing an anti-reflection film for an optical semiconductor device. purpose.
- the optical semiconductor device includes: An optical semiconductor device having an effective refractive index n c , a laser wavelength ⁇ , and an antireflection film on one or both end faces,
- the antireflection film includes a first coating film having a refractive index n 1 and a film thickness d 1 to an i-th coating film (i ⁇ 4) having a refractive index n i and a film thickness d i . consisting of a multilayer coating film in which i coating films are laminated,
- the film thickness of the k-th (1 ⁇ k ⁇ i) k-th coating film of the multilayer coating film is set to be larger than ⁇ /2/n k or smaller than ⁇ /2/n k .
- the refractive index of at least one coating film is larger than the refractive index nf , which is the square root of the effective refractive index nc , and at least one of the coating films
- the refractive index of the film is smaller than the refractive index nf
- the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film which is obtained by sequentially integrating the characteristic matrix of the first coating film to the characteristic matrix of the i-th coating film, has a refractive index n f and a film thickness d f of ⁇ /4/4.
- the film thickness of i-3 coating films among the i coating films is a preset film thickness, The film thicknesses of the remaining three coating films among the i coating films are determined by solutions of three simultaneous equations derived from the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film.
- a method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device includes: An antireflection film formed on one or both end faces of an optical semiconductor device having an effective refractive index of n c and a laser wavelength of ⁇ , and consisting of a multilayer coating film in which i coating films (i ⁇ 4) are laminated.
- the refractive index of at least one coating film is larger than the refractive index nf , which is the square root of the effective refractive index nc , and at least one of the coating films selecting a material constituting the coating film so that the refractive index of the film is smaller than the refractive index n f ;
- the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film which is obtained by sequentially integrating the characteristic matrix of the first coating film to the characteristic matrix of the i-th coating film, has a refractive index n f and a film thickness d f of ⁇ /4/4.
- n is equal to the characteristic matrix of an ideal single-layer coating film, and Presetting the film thickness of i-3 coating films among the i coating films; determining the film thicknesses of the remaining three coating films among the i coating films by solutions of three simultaneous equations derived from the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film; Equipped with
- the film thickness of three layers of each coating film is determined by the product of characteristic matrices. Since the determination is made using This has the effect that it is possible to easily obtain an optical semiconductor device having an antireflection film with zero or minimal reflectance.
- an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device for an antireflection film consisting of an i-layer coating film (i ⁇ 4) formed on an end face, three layers of each coating film are Since the film thickness is designed to be determined using the product of characteristic matrices, the effective refractive index of the optical semiconductor device, the refractive index of the material constituting the anti-reflection film, and the order of each coating film constituting the anti-reflection film are
- the present invention has the effect that an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device can be easily designed so that the reflectance is zero or minimal at a desired wavelength even if the factors such as the above change.
- FIG. 1 is an overview diagram showing a quantum cascade laser device that is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG. 1 of a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of reflectance of an example of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of another example of the antireflection film in the quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of the optical semiconductor device according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 3;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of an antireflection film in a quantum cascade laser device that is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment.
- 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a broad area semiconductor laser device with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an antireflection film in a broad area semiconductor laser device with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of an antireflection film in a broad area semiconductor laser device with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an overview diagram of a quantum cascade laser device, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the quantum cascade laser device consists of a backside n-type electrode 1, an n-type InP substrate 2, an n-type InP buffer layer 3, an n-type GaInAs first optical confinement layer 4, and 30 to 40 stages. It is composed of a core region 5 , an n-type GaInAs second optical confinement layer 6 , an n-type InP cladding layer 7 , an n-type GaInAs contact layer 8 , and a front side n-type electrode 9 .
- the stage constituting the core region 5 is a multi-quantum well (MQW) in which a large number of quantum well layers made of GaInAs and barrier layers made of AlInAs are alternately stacked.
- the oscillation wavelength of the quantum cascade laser device is mid-infrared light of 3 to 24 ⁇ m. Note that in FIG. 1, the antireflection film 10 provided on the end face of the quantum cascade laser device is not illustrated.
- the back side n-type electrode 1 is negatively biased, and the front side n-type electrode 9 is biased positively.
- current is injected into the quantum cascade laser device to cause laser oscillation.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the quantum cascade laser device taken along line AA in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, an antireflection film 10 is provided on the front end face of the quantum cascade laser device.
- Equation (1) The characteristic matrix when a coating film having a refractive index of n and a film thickness of d is provided on the end face of a quantum cascade laser device is expressed by the following equation (1).
- ⁇ is a phase term, and if the laser wavelength of the quantum cascade laser device is ⁇ , it can be expressed as in equation (2) below.
- equation (2) i is an imaginary unit.
- the refractive index n f is defined as the square root of the effective refractive index n c
- the film thickness d f on the end face of the quantum cascade laser device is ⁇ /(4n f ).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a multilayer coating film consisting of four layers.
- the antireflection film 10a has a refractive index n 1 of 1.70 and a film thickness d 1 of 50 nm from the end face side of the quantum cascade laser device 110 whose effective refractive index n c is 3.2 .
- the first coating film 12 made of CeO 2 may be referred to as the CeO 2 first coating film 12, and other coating films may also be referred to in the same manner.
- the film thickness d1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 12 is set to 50 nm, but the film thickness d1 is not limited to this and can be set arbitrarily. . Further, the thickness d 2 of the YF 3 second coating film 13, the thickness d 3 of the ZnS third coating film 14, and the film thickness d 4 of the CeF 3 fourth coating film 15 are each unknown, but will be described later. This is the film thickness value calculated by the method.
- the desired wavelength ⁇ is 10 ⁇ m.
- the characteristic matrix of the above-mentioned four-layer coating film can be expressed as in the following equation (4). Note that m 11 , m 12 , m 21 , and m 22 represent each matrix term.
- phase terms ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 in equation (4) are expressed by the following equation (5).
- the refractive index n 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 12 is known and the film thickness d 1 is a preset film thickness value
- the phase term ⁇ 1 becomes a numerical value that can be calculated. Therefore, the unknowns are three phase terms ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 . Since there are three unknowns, the film thicknesses d 2 , d 3 , and d 4 are calculated from equation (6) by solving three simultaneous equations, for example, as shown in equation (6).
- the refractive index of each coating film is a numerical value unique to the material constituting each coating film, that is, a known numerical value. However, although the refractive index of the material constituting each coating film may fluctuate to some extent depending on the film formation conditions, the refractive index is considered to be a known value including such fluctuation range. .
- the reflectance R can be expressed as in the following equation (8), the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R can be determined.
- the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R in the antireflection film 10a made of a four-layer coating film according to Embodiment 1 is shown in conjunction with the antireflection film made of a four-layer coating film described in FIG. 7 of Patent Document 1. 4.
- a curve 16 consisting of a dotted line and a curve 17 consisting of a solid line indicate the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10a consisting of the four-layer coating film described in Patent Document 1 and the four-layer coating film according to Embodiment 1. represents the wavelength dependence of
- the band where the reflectance R is 0.1% or less is also a narrow band of 589 nm.
- the antireflection film 10a consisting of the four-layer coating film according to Embodiment 1 is superior to the antireflection coating consisting of the four-layer coating structure described in Patent Document 1. It can be seen that they are clearly different.
- the refractive index of one or more of the four-layer coating films must be set to an ideal single-layer coating film. It is sufficient that the refractive index n f of the layered coating film is larger than that, and the refractive index of one or more of the four layers is smaller than the refractive index n f of an ideal single layer coating film.
- the antireflection film 10a consisting of the four-layer coating film according to the first embodiment replaces an ideal single-layer coating film
- the total film thickness of the four-layer coating film described above is 1489 nm, which is ideal.
- the film thickness d f of a single-layer coating film is close to 1398 nm, and the antireflection film as a whole has a small film thickness. Therefore, the anti-reflection film 10a consisting of the four-layer coating film according to the first embodiment has the characteristics that the film distortion, which is a problem with thick anti-reflection films, is small and film peeling does not easily occur, so that it can be used in quantum cascade laser devices. This has the effect of improving reliability.
- CeO 2 is used as the material constituting the first coating film 12 of the antireflection film 10a is to maintain good adhesion between the semiconductor and the coating film that constitute the quantum cascade laser device.
- Embodiment 1 a quantum cascade laser device fabricated on an InP substrate was shown as an example of the optical semiconductor device 100, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a semiconductor laser device fabricated on a GaAs substrate, for example, may be used.
- the refractive index is known and the film thicknesses of arbitrary three layers are unknown, and the remaining A four-layer coating film is provided with a preset thickness of one layer, and if the refractive index n f is the square root of the effective refractive index n c , then the product of the characteristic matrices of each coating film is the refractive index n
- a four-layer coating film with a known refractive index is coated on the end face of an optical semiconductor device whose effective refractive index is nc .
- the thicknesses of any three layers are unknown, and the thickness of the remaining one layer is a preset thickness, and the refractive index n f is the square root of the effective refractive index n c .
- the thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 12 was set to 50 nm, but the thickness of any one of the four-layer coating films may be set arbitrarily.
- the film thickness d 2 of the YF 3 second coating film 13 is set to 70 nm
- the film thickness d4 of the CeF 3 fourth coating film 15 is an unknown quantity.
- FIG. 5 shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10a made of the above-mentioned four-layer coating film.
- the film thickness d 3 of the ZnS third coating film 14 is temporarily set to 300 nm, the film thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 12 and the film thickness d 2 of the YF 3 second coating film 13 are and CeF 3
- the film thickness d 4 of the CeF 3 fourth coating film 15 is temporarily set to 500 nm
- the film thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 12 and the film thickness d of the YF 3 second coating film 13 are 2 and the thickness d3 of the ZnS third coating film 14 are unknowns
- the thickness of any one of the four coating layers may be a preset thickness value, or may be an arbitrarily set thickness value.
- the end face of the optical semiconductor device whose effective refractive index is nc has a known refractive index and the thickness of any three layers is If a four-layer coating film is provided in which the thickness of the remaining one layer is an unknown quantity and is set in advance, and the refractive index n f is the square root of the effective refractive index n c , then the product of the characteristic matrices of each coating film is: By solving three simultaneous equations that were derived as being equal to the characteristic matrix of an ideal single-layer coating film with a refractive index of n f and a film thickness of ⁇ /(4n f ), we calculated the unknown values of the three layers.
- the film thickness is determined, the desired wavelength can be maintained even if the effective refractive index n c of the optical semiconductor device, the refractive index of the material constituting the antireflection film, and the order of each coating film constituting the antireflection film change. This has the effect that an optical semiconductor device having an antireflection film in which the reflectance R becomes minimum at ⁇ can be easily obtained.
- the optical semiconductor device according to the second embodiment has an antireflection film configured of a multilayer coating film of more than four layers, that is, five or more layers.
- the method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device with respect to the four-layer coating film described in Embodiment Mode 1 is based on the antireflection film 10b, which is a multilayer coating film having more than four layers, that is included in the optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment Mode 2. It will be explained below that it is similarly applicable to.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an antireflection film 10b consisting of a five-layer coating film in a quantum cascade laser device 120, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to the second embodiment.
- the antireflection film 10b has a refractive index n 1 of 1.70 and a film thickness d 1 from the side of the end face of the quantum cascade laser device 120 whose effective refractive index n c is 3.2.
- the fifth coating film 22 is made of CeF 3 having a refractive index n 5 of 1.45 and a film thickness d 5 , and the above five-layer coating film.
- the film thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 18 is set to 200 nm
- the film thickness d 2 of the ZnS second coating film 19 is set to 100 nm.
- the film thickness is not limited to this value and can be set to any film thickness value.
- the thickness d 3 of the third YF 3 coating 20, the thickness d 4 of the fourth ZnSe coating 21, and the thickness d 5 of the fifth CeF 3 coating 22 are unknown.
- the desired wavelength ⁇ is 10 ⁇ m.
- the characteristic matrix of the antireflection film 10b made of the above-mentioned five-layer coating film can be expressed as in the following equation (9).
- FIG. 7 shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10b made of the above five-layer coating film.
- the bandwidth where the reflectance R is 0.1% or less is 625 nm.
- the thicknesses of each of the CeO 2 first coating 18 and the ZnS second coating 19 among the five coating layers constituting the antireflection coating 10b are set to preset thickness values.
- the film thickness values are not limited to these values, and the film thicknesses of any two layers of the five-layer coating film may be set in advance, and further, the film thickness values of the two layers may be arbitrary.
- a five-layer coating film is exemplified as a multilayer coating film constituting the antireflection film 10b.
- the film thickness of a multilayer coating film of six or more layers in the same way. If the number of layers of the multilayer coating film constituting the antireflection film is i (i ⁇ 4), then the thickness of any i ⁇ 3 coating film among the i coating films can be arbitrarily set. It is sufficient to set it in advance.
- the refractive index of one or more of the i-layer coating films must be adjusted. is larger than the ideal single-layer coating n f , and the refractive index of one or more of the i-layer coatings is the ideal single-layer coating n It is sufficient if it is smaller than f .
- the thicknesses of any i-3 coating films among the i coating films may be arbitrarily set in advance. Therefore, since there are three unknowns in equation (11), by solving three simultaneous equations as in the first embodiment, the thicknesses of each of the remaining three coating films can be calculated.
- An anti-reflection film consisting of a multilayer coating film formed by laminating i coating films (i ⁇ 4) formed on one or both end faces of an optical semiconductor device with an effective refractive index n c and a laser wavelength ⁇ .
- i coating films each coating is arranged so that the first coating film has a refractive index of n 1 and a film thickness of d 1 , and the i-th coating film has a refractive index of n i and a film thickness of d i.
- the refractive index and film thickness of the film are set in order.
- each refractive index is known.
- the film thickness of the k-th (1 ⁇ k ⁇ i) coating film of the multilayer coating film is set to be larger than ⁇ /2/ nk or smaller than ⁇ /2/ nk .
- the refractive index of at least one coating film is larger than the refractive index nf , which is the square root of the effective refractive index nc , and the refractive index of at least one coating film
- the material constituting the coating film is selected so that nf is smaller than the refractive index nf.
- the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film which is obtained by sequentially integrating the characteristic matrix of the first coating film to the characteristic matrix of the i-th coating film, has a refractive index of n f and a film thickness of d f of ⁇ /4/n f . Assume that it is equal to the characteristic matrix of an ideal single-layer coating film.
- the film thicknesses of i-3 coating films among the i coating films constituting the multilayer coating film are set in advance.
- (6th step) The film thicknesses of the remaining three coating films other than i-3 coating films among the i coating films constituting the multilayer coating film are determined by 3 derived from the characteristic matrix of the multilayer coating film. determined by the solution of two simultaneous equations.
- Embodiment 2 As described above, according to the method for designing an optical semiconductor device and an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device according to Embodiment 2, a film with a known refractive index and a film with a known refractive index is placed on the end face of an optical semiconductor device whose effective refractive index is nc .
- the film thicknesses of the three unknown layers are determined by solving three simultaneous equations derived as being equal to the matrix, so the effective refractive index n c of the optical semiconductor device, the refractive index of the material constituting the antireflection film, and An optical semiconductor device having an antireflection film that has a minimal reflectance R at a desired wavelength ⁇ even if the order of each coating film constituting the antireflection film changes, and a method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device This has the effect that it can be easily obtained.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the antireflection film 10c when the effective refractive index n c of the quantum cascade laser device 130, which is an example of the optical semiconductor device according to the third embodiment, is 3.3.
- the effective refractive index n c of a quantum cascade laser device changes depending on the device structure such as the structure and composition of the core region, optical confinement layer, and cladding layer.
- the antireflection film 10c has a refractive index n 1 of 1.70 and a film thickness d 1 from the end face side of the quantum cascade laser device 130 whose effective refractive index n c is 3.3.
- a first coating film 24 made of certain CeO 2 a second coating film 25 made of YF 3 with a refractive index n 2 of 1.40 and a film thickness d 2 , and a film with a refractive index n 3 of 2.20.
- the film thickness d3 of the ZnS third coating film 26 is set to 300 nm, but it is not limited to this film thickness value and may be set to any film thickness value. I can do it. Further, the thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 24, the thickness d 2 of the YF 3 second coating film 25, and the film thickness d 4 of the CeF 3 fourth coating film 27 are unknown.
- the desired wavelength ⁇ is 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 9 shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10c consisting of a four-layer coating film.
- the bandwidth where the reflectance R is 0.1% or less is 614 nm.
- the effective refractive index n c of the quantum cascade laser device is not limited to 3.2 or 3.3, and other effective refractive index n c values are also applicable.
- FIG. 10 shows the structure of an antireflection film 10d made of a five-layer coating film when the effective refractive index n c of a quantum cascade laser device 140, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment, is 3.2. It is a schematic diagram. Since the quantum cascade laser device oscillates using inter-subband transition, it is possible to oscillate at a wavelength within the range of 3 ⁇ m to 24 ⁇ m.
- the quantum cascade laser device 140 has an antireflection film 10d corresponding to a laser wavelength of 11 ⁇ m, which is an example of a laser wavelength different from the laser wavelength of 10 ⁇ m in the quantum cascade laser devices 110, 120, and 130 of Embodiments 1 to 3. .
- the antireflection film 10d has a refractive index n 1 of 1.70 and a film thickness d 1 from the side of the end face of the quantum cascade laser device 140 whose effective refractive index n c is 3.2.
- the fifth coating film 33 is made of CeF 3 and has a film thickness of d 1.45 and a film thickness d 5.
- the film thickness d 1 of the CeO 2 first coating film 29 is set in advance to 200 nm
- the film thickness d 2 of the ZnS second coating film 30 is set in advance to 100 nm. It is not limited to the thickness value and can be set to any film thickness value.
- the thickness d 3 of the third YF 3 coating 31, the thickness d 4 of the fourth ZnSe coating 32, and the thickness d 5 of the fifth CeF 3 coating 33 are unknown.
- the desired wavelength ⁇ is 11 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 11 shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10d consisting of a five-layer coating. The bandwidth where the reflectance R is 0.1% or less is 625 nm.
- the oscillation wavelength of the quantum cascade laser device is not limited to 10 ⁇ m or 11 ⁇ m, but may be any wavelength within the range of 3 ⁇ m to 24 ⁇ m.
- each coating is Solve the three simultaneous equations derived by assuming that the product of the characteristic matrices of the coating is equal to the characteristic matrix of an ideal single-layer coating whose refractive index is n f and the film thickness is ⁇ /(4n f ).
- the effective refractive index n c of the optical semiconductor device the refractive index of the material constituting the anti-reflection film, the order of each coating film constituting the anti-reflection film, etc. Even if the wavelength changes, an optical semiconductor device having an antireflection film with a minimum reflectance R at a desired wavelength of 11 ⁇ m and a method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device can be obtained.
- Embodiment 5 In Embodiments 1 to 4, the quantum cascade laser devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 were illustrated and explained as examples of optical semiconductor devices. However, the present disclosure is applicable not only to quantum cascade laser devices but also to optical semiconductor devices in general that have antireflection films on their end faces.
- FIG. 12 is an overview diagram of a broad area semiconductor laser device 200 with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm and whose device structure is disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- the broad area semiconductor laser device 200 consists of an active region 41 with a width W and cladding regions 42a and 42b.
- the broad area semiconductor laser device 200 includes an n-type electrode 43, an n-type GaAs substrate 44, an n-type Al 0.20 Ga 0.80 As first layer with an Al composition ratio of 0.20 and a layer thickness of 1.3 ⁇ m.
- Cladding layer 45 n-type Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As, with an Al composition ratio of 0.25 and a layer thickness of 0.2 mm; second cladding layer 46, an Al composition ratio of 0.16 and a layer thickness of 0.2 mm;
- the n-side Al 0.16 Ga 0.84 As first guide layer 47 has a thickness of 1.05 ⁇ m, and the n-side Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 As has an Al composition ratio of 0.14 and a layer thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- Second guide layer 48 P composition ratio is 0.12 and layer thickness is 8 nm n-side GaAs 0.88P 0.12 barrier layer 49, In composition ratio is 0.12 and layer thickness is 8 nm In 0.12 Ga 0.88 As active layer 50, P composition ratio is 0.12, layer thickness is 8 nm, p-side GaAs 0.88 P 0.12 barrier layer 51, Al composition ratio is 0.14.
- the p-side Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 As first guide layer 52 has a layer thickness of 0.35 ⁇ m, and the p-side Al 0.16 Ga 0 has an Al composition ratio of 0.16 and a layer thickness of 0.30 ⁇ m. .84
- second guide layer 53 p-type Al with an Al composition ratio of 0.55 and layer thickness of 40 nm.
- a p-type Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As first cladding layer 55 has a layer thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m, and a p-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.55 layer has an Al composition ratio of 0.55 and a layer thickness of 40 nm .
- the In composition ratio and layer thickness of the In 0.12 Ga 0.88 As active layer 50 are adjusted so that the oscillation wavelength ⁇ is 975 nm.
- the effective refractive indices of the active region 41 and the cladding regions 42a and 42b are 3.41739 and 3.41658, respectively. Since laser light mainly exists in the active region 41, in the discussion of the antireflection film below, 3.41739 is used as the effective refractive index n c of the broad area semiconductor laser device 200.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an antireflection film 10e provided on the end face of a broad area semiconductor laser device 200 with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm, which is an example of an optical semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the antireflection film 10e has a refractive index n1 of 1.63 and a film thickness d from the side of the end face of the broad area semiconductor laser device 200 whose effective refractive index nc is 3.41739.
- the first coating film 62 is made of Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide) having a refractive index n 2 of 2.00 and a film thickness d 2 of Ta 2 O 5 (Tantalum Pentoxide).
- the fourth coating film 65 is made of SiO 2 (Silicon Dioxide) having a dovetail film thickness of d 4 , and is composed of the above four-layer coating film.
- the thickness d 3 of the Al 2 O 3 third coating film 64 is set to 100 nm, but it is not limited to this film thickness value and can be set to any film thickness value. Can be set. Further, the thickness d 1 of the Al 2 O 3 first coating film 62, the thickness d 2 of the Ta 2 O 5 second coating film 63, and the film thickness d 4 of the SiO 2 fourth coating film 65 are unknown quantities. be.
- the desired wavelength ⁇ is 0.975 ⁇ m (975 nm).
- FIG. 14 shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance R of the antireflection film 10e consisting of a four-layer coating film.
- Ta 2 O 5 is used as a material having a refractive index larger than the refractive index n f which is the square root of the effective refractive index n c of the broad area semiconductor laser device 200.
- Amorphous Si may be used instead.
- refractive A four-layer coating film is provided in which the index is known, the thickness of any three layers is unknown, and the thickness of the remaining one layer is set in advance, and the refractive index n f is determined by the effective refractive index n c
- the product of the characteristic matrices of each coating film is derived as being equal to the characteristic matrix of an ideal single-layer coating film with a refractive index of n f and a film thickness of ⁇ /(4n f ).
- the thicknesses of the three layers are determined by solving three simultaneous equations, so the effective refractive index n c of a broad area semiconductor laser device with an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm, the refractive index of the material constituting the antireflection film, and An optical semiconductor device having an antireflection film that has a minimum reflectance R at an oscillation wavelength of 975 nm even if the order of each coating film constituting the antireflection film changes, and a method for designing an antireflection film for an optical semiconductor device. It has the effect of being easily obtained.
- the refractive index of the coating film changes depending on the film forming method, so the refractive index of each material shown in each embodiment is merely an example.
- One or more materials have a refractive index larger than the refractive index n f of an ideal single-layer coating, and one material has a refractive index smaller than the refractive index n f of an ideal single-layer coating.
- the antireflection film of the present disclosure can be realized as long as it has a structure of a multilayer coating film including three or more. As described above, the antireflection film according to the present disclosure can be applied to optical semiconductor devices in general, regardless of wavelength or element structure.
- n-type electrode 1 back side n-type electrode, 2 n-type InP substrate, 3 n-type InP buffer layer, 4 n-type GaInAs first optical confinement layer, 5 core region, 6 n-type GaInAs second optical confinement layer, 7 n-type InP cladding layer , 8 n-type GaInAs contact layer, 9 front-side n-type electrode, 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e antireflection film, 12, 18, 24, 29 CeO 2 first coating film, 13, 25 YF 3 Second coating film, 14, 26 ZnS third coating film, 15, 27 CeF 3 fourth coating film, 19, 30 ZnS second coating film, 20, 31 YF 3 third coating film, 21, 32 ZnSe fourth coating film, 22, 33 CeF 3 fifth coating film, 41 active region, 42a, 42b cladding region, 43 n-type electrode, 44 n-type GaAs substrate, 45 n-type Al 0.20 Ga 0.
- first cladding layer 46 n-type Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As second cladding layer, 47 n-side Al 0.16 Ga 0.84 As first guide layer, 48 n-side Al 0.14 Ga 0 .86 As second guide layer, 49 n-side GaAs 0.88 P 0.12 barrier layer, 50 In 0.12 Ga 0.88 As active layer, 51 p-side GaAs 0.88 P 0.12 barrier layer, 52 p-side Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 As first guide layer, 53 p-side Al 0.16 Ga 0.84 As second guide layer, 54 p-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 As first etching stop layer , 55 p-type Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As first cladding layer, 56 p-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 As second etching stop layer, 57 p-type Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As second cladding layer, 58 p-type GaAs contact layer, 59 SiN film, 60 p-type electrode, 100 optical semiconductor device, 110, 120, 130, 140 quantum cascade laser device,
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Abstract
Description
実効屈折率がnc、レーザ波長がλであり、一方または両方の端面に反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置であって、
前記反射防止膜は屈折率がn1であり膜厚がd1である第1被覆膜から屈折率がniであり膜厚がdiである第i被覆膜(i≧4)までのi個の被覆膜が積層された多層被覆膜からなり、
前記多層被覆膜のk番目(1≦k≦i)の第k被覆膜の膜厚は、λ/2/nkよりも大きいか、あるいは、λ/2/nkよりも小さく設定され、
前記多層被覆膜の中で、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記実効屈折率ncの平方根である屈折率nfよりも大きく、かつ、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記屈折率nfよりも小さく、
前記第1被覆膜の特性行列から前記第i被覆膜の特性行列までを順次積算した前記多層被覆膜の特性行列が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚dfがλ/4/nfである理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しく、
前記i個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜の膜厚は予め設定された膜厚であり、
前記i個の被覆膜の中で残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚は、前記多層被覆膜の特性行列から導かれる3つの連立方程式の解によって決定される。
実効屈折率がnc、レーザ波長がλである光半導体装置の一方または両方の端面に形成され、i個の被覆膜(i≧4)が積層された多層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜の設計方法であって、
前記i個の被覆膜について、第1被覆膜の屈折率がn1及び膜厚がd1、第i被覆膜の屈折率がni及び膜厚がdiとなるように各被覆膜の屈折率及び膜厚を順に設定するステップと、
前記多層被覆膜のk番目(1≦k≦i)の第k被覆膜の膜厚をλ/2/nkよりも大きいか、あるいは、λ/2/nkよりも小さく設定するステップと、
前記多層被覆膜の中で、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記実効屈折率ncの平方根である屈折率nfよりも大きく、かつ、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記屈折率nfよりも小さくなるように前記被覆膜を構成する材料を選択するステップと、
前記第1被覆膜の特性行列から前記第i被覆膜の特性行列までを順次積算した前記多層被覆膜の特性行列が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚dfがλ/4/nfである理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとするステップと、
前記i個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜の膜厚を予め設定するステップと、
前記i個の被覆膜の中で残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚を、前記多層被覆膜の特性行列から導かれる3つの連立方程式の解によって決定するステップと、
を備える。
<実施の形態1に係る光半導体装置の構成>
図1は実施の形態1に係る光半導体装置100の一例である量子カスケードレーザ装置の概観図である。量子カスケードレーザ装置は、裏面側n型電極1と、n型InP基板2と、n型InPバッファ層3と、n型GaInAs第1光閉じ込め層4と、30~40のステージ(stage)からなるコア領域5と、n型GaInAs第2光閉じ込め層6と、n型InPクラッド層7と、n型GaInAsコンタクト層8と、表面側n型電極9と、で構成される。
屈折率がnであり膜厚がdである被覆膜を、量子カスケードレーザ装置の端面に設けた場合の特性行列は、以下に示す式(1)となる。式(1)において、φは位相項であり、量子カスケードレーザ装置のレーザ波長をλとすると、以下の式(2)のように表せる。式(2)において、iは虚数単位である。
以上、実施の形態1に係る光半導体装置によると、実効屈折率がncである光半導体装置の端面に、屈折率が既知であり、かつ、任意の3層の膜厚は未知数であり残余の1層の膜厚は予め設定されている4層被覆膜を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長λにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置が容易に得られるという効果を奏する。
以上、実施の形態1に係る光半導体装置用の反射防止膜の設計方法によると、実効屈折率がncである光半導体装置の端面に、4層被覆膜として、屈折率が既知であり、かつ、仮に任意の3層の膜厚を未知数とし、残余の1層の膜厚は予め設定された膜厚であるとするステップと、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するステップを実行して4層被覆膜の各被覆膜の膜厚を設計するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長λにおいて反射率Rが極小となる光半導体装置用反射防止膜を容易に設計できるという効果を奏する。
実施の形態1ではCeO2第1被覆膜12の膜厚d1を50nmに設定したが、4層被覆膜のうちのいずれの被覆膜の膜厚を任意に設定しても良い。例えば、YF3第2被覆膜13の膜厚d2を70nmに設定した場合は、CeO2第1被覆膜12の膜厚d1、ZnS第3被覆膜14の膜厚d3及びCeF3第4被覆膜15の膜厚d4が未知数となる。実施の形態1と同様な方法で3つの連立方程式を解くと、4層被覆膜のうち予め設定された膜厚d2以外の各膜厚は、d1=759.47nm、d3=262.43nm及びd4=347.32nmとなる。かかる4層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10aでは、所望の波長λ=10μmにおいて反射率Rが極小(ゼロ)となる。上述の4層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10aの反射率Rの波長依存性を図5に示す。
以上、実施の形態1の変形例1に係る光半導体装置によると、実効屈折率がncである光半導体装置の端面に、屈折率が既知であり、かつ、任意の3層の膜厚は未知数であり残余の1層の膜厚は予め設定されている4層被覆膜を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長λにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置が容易に得られるという効果を奏する。
実施の形態2に係る光半導体装置は、4層を超える、つまり5層以上の多層被覆膜によって構成された反射防止膜を有する。実施の形態1において説明した4層被覆膜に対する光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法は、実施の形態2に係る光半導体装置が有する4層を超える多層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10bに対しても同様に適用可能であることを以下に説明する。
図6は、実施の形態2に係る光半導体装置の一例である量子カスケードレーザ装置120における5層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10bの構成を示す模式図である。図6に示すように、反射防止膜10bは、実効屈折率ncが3.2である量子カスケードレーザ装置120の端面の側から、屈折率n1が1.70であり膜厚d1が200nmであるCeO2からなる第1被覆膜18、屈折率n2が2.20であり膜厚d2が100nmであるZnSからなる第2被覆膜19、屈折率n3が1.40であり膜厚d3であるYF3からなる第3被覆膜20、屈折率n4が2.41であり膜厚d4であるZnSe(セレン化亜鉛:Zinc Selenide)からなる第4被覆膜21、屈折率n5が1.45であり膜厚d5であるCeF3からなる第5被覆膜22、以上の5層被覆膜で構成される。
上述の5層被覆膜において、CeO2第1被覆膜18の膜厚d1を200nm及びZnS第2被覆膜19の膜厚d2を100nmと設定しているが、これらの膜厚値に限定されるものではなく任意の膜厚値に設定することができる。また、YF3第3被覆膜20の膜厚d3、ZnSe第4被覆膜21の膜厚d4及びCeF3第5被覆膜22の膜厚d5は未知数である。所望の波長λは10μmとする。上述の5層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10bの特性行列は、以下の式(9)のように表せる。
(第1ステップ)
i個の被覆膜について、第1被覆膜の屈折率がn1及び膜厚がd1、第i被覆膜の屈折率がni及び膜厚がdiとなるように各被覆膜の屈折率及び膜厚を順に設定する。なお、各屈折率の値は既知である。
(第2ステップ)
多層被覆膜のk番目(1≦k≦i)の第k被覆膜の膜厚をλ/2/nkよりも大きいか、あるいは、λ/2/nkよりも小さく設定する。
(第3ステップ)
多層被覆膜の中で、少なくとも1層以上の被覆膜の屈折率は実効屈折率ncの平方根である屈折率nfよりも大きく、かつ、少なくとも1層以上の被覆膜の屈折率は屈折率nfよりも小さくなるように被覆膜を構成する材料を選択する。
(第4ステップ)
第1被覆膜の特性行列から第i被覆膜の特性行列までを順次積算した多層被覆膜の特性行列が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚dfがλ/4/nfである理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとする。
(第5ステップ)
多層被覆膜を構成するi個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜の膜厚を予め設定する。
(第6ステップ)
多層被覆膜を構成するi個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜以外の残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚を、多層被覆膜の特性行列から導かれる3つの連立方程式の解によって決定する。
以上、実施の形態2に係る光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法によると、実効屈折率がncである光半導体装置の端面に、屈折率が既知で、かつ、予め膜厚が設定されている任意のi-3個の被覆膜以外の残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚は未知数であるi層被覆膜(i≧4)を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長λにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法が容易に得られるという効果を奏する。
図8は、実施の形態3に係る光半導体装置の一例である量子カスケードレーザ装置130の実効屈折率ncが3.3の場合の反射防止膜10cの構成を示す模式図である。量子カスケードレーザ装置の実効屈折率ncは、コア領域、光閉じ込め層、クラッド層の構成及び組成といった素子構造によって変化する。
図8に示すように、反射防止膜10cは、実効屈折率ncが3.3である量子カスケードレーザ装置130の端面の側から、屈折率n1が1.70であり膜厚d1であるCeO2からなる第1被覆膜24、屈折率n2が1.40であり膜厚d2であるYF3からなる第2被覆膜25、屈折率n3が2.20であり膜厚d3が300nmであるZnSからなる第3被覆膜26、屈折率n4が1.45であり膜厚d4であるCeF3からなる第4被覆膜27、以上の4層被覆膜で構成される。
以上、実施の形態3に係る光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法によると、実効屈折率が3.3である光半導体装置の端面に、屈折率が既知で、かつ、任意の3層の膜厚は未知数であり残余の1層の膜厚は予め設定されている4層被覆膜を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の各膜厚を決定するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長λにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法が容易に得られるという効果を奏する。
図10は、実施の形態4に係る光半導体装置の一例である量子カスケードレーザ装置140の実効屈折率ncが3.2の場合の5層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10dの構成を示す模式図である。量子カスケードレーザ装置は、サブバンド間遷移を利用して発振するので、3μm~24μmの範囲内の波長での発振が可能である。量子カスケードレーザ装置140は、実施の形態1から3の量子カスケードレーザ装置110、120、130のレーザ波長10μmとは異なる他のレーザ波長の一例として、レーザ波長11μmに対応する反射防止膜10dを有する。
図10に示すように、反射防止膜10dは、実効屈折率ncが3.2である量子カスケードレーザ装置140の端面の側から、屈折率n1が1.70であり膜厚d1が200nmであるCeO2からなる第1被覆膜29、屈折率n2が2.20であり膜厚d2が100nmであるZnSからなる第2被覆膜30、屈折率n3が1.40であり膜厚d3であるYF3からなる第3被覆膜31、屈折率n4が2.41であり膜厚d4であるZnSeからなる第4被覆膜32、屈折率n5が1.45であり膜厚d5であるCeF3からなる第5被覆膜33、以上の5層被覆膜で構成される。
以上、実施の形態4に係る光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法によると、実効屈折率ncが3.2である光半導体装置の端面に、屈折率が既知で、かつ、任意の3層の膜厚は未知数であり残余の2層の膜厚は予め設定されている5層被覆膜を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するので、光半導体装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、所望の波長11μmにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法が得られるという効果を奏する。
実施の形態1から4では、光半導体装置の一例として量子カスケードレーザ装置110、120、130、140を例示して説明した。しかしながら、本開示は、量子カスケードレーザ装置に限らず、端面に反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置全般に適用可能である。
実施の形態5に係る光半導体装置の一例として、多層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜10eを有する発振波長975nmのブロードエリア型半導体レーザ装置200について説明する。図12は、特許文献3に素子構造が開示された発振波長975nmのブロードエリア型半導体レーザ装置200の概観図である。
以上、実施の形態5に係る光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法によると、光半導体装置の一例である発振波長λが975nmであるブロードエリア型半導体レーザ装置の端面に、屈折率が既知で、かつ、任意の3層の膜厚は未知数であり残余の1層の膜厚は予め設定されている4層被覆膜を設け、屈折率nfを実効屈折率ncの平方根とすると、各被覆膜の特性行列の積が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚がλ/(4nf)である理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとして導かれた3つの連立方程式を解くことにより未知数であった3層の膜厚を決定するので、発振波長975nmのブロードエリア型半導体レーザ装置の実効屈折率nc、反射防止膜を構成する材料の屈折率及び反射防止膜を構成する各被覆膜の順序などが変化しても、発振波長975nmにおいて反射率Rが極小となる反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置及び光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法が容易に得られるという効果を奏する。
Claims (10)
- 実効屈折率がnc、レーザ波長がλであり、一方または両方の端面に反射防止膜を有する光半導体装置であって、
前記反射防止膜は屈折率がn1であり膜厚がd1である第1被覆膜から屈折率がniであり膜厚がdiである第i被覆膜(i≧4)までのi個の被覆膜が積層された多層被覆膜からなり、
前記多層被覆膜のk番目(1≦k≦i)の第k被覆膜の膜厚は、λ/2/nkよりも大きいか、あるいは、λ/2/nkよりも小さく設定され、
前記多層被覆膜の中で、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記実効屈折率ncの平方根である屈折率nfよりも大きく、かつ、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記屈折率nfよりも小さく、
前記第1被覆膜の特性行列から前記第i被覆膜の特性行列までを順次積算した前記多層被覆膜の特性行列が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚dfがλ/4/nfである理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しく、
前記i個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜の膜厚は予め設定された膜厚であり、
前記i個の被覆膜の中で残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚は、前記多層被覆膜の特性行列から導かれる3つの連立方程式の解によって決定される光半導体装置。 - 前記反射防止膜は4層の被覆膜からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光半導体装置。
- 前記反射防止膜は5層の被覆膜からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光半導体装置。
- 前記光半導体装置は、半導体レーザ装置であることを特徴とする請求項1から3記載のいずれか1項に記載の光半導体装置。
- 前記光半導体装置は、量子カスケード半導体レーザ装置であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の光半導体装置。
- 前記各被覆膜は、それぞれ、CeO2、YF3、ZnS、CeF3、ZnSe、Al2O3、Ta2O5、SiO2及びアモルファスSiのいずれか1つの材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の光半導体装置。
- 実効屈折率がnc、レーザ波長がλである光半導体装置の一方または両方の端面に形成され、i個の被覆膜(i≧4)が積層された多層被覆膜からなる反射防止膜の設計方法であって、
前記i個の被覆膜について、第1被覆膜の屈折率がn1及び膜厚がd1、第i被覆膜の屈折率がni及び膜厚がdiとなるように各被覆膜の屈折率及び膜厚を順に設定するステップと、
前記多層被覆膜のk番目(1≦k≦i)の第k被覆膜の膜厚をλ/2/nkよりも大きいか、あるいは、λ/2/nkよりも小さく設定するステップと、
前記多層被覆膜の中で、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記実効屈折率ncの平方根である屈折率nfよりも大きく、かつ、少なくとも1層以上の前記被覆膜の屈折率は前記屈折率nfよりも小さくなるように前記被覆膜を構成する材料を選択するステップと、
前記第1被覆膜の特性行列から前記第i被覆膜の特性行列までを順次積算した前記多層被覆膜の特性行列が、屈折率がnfであり膜厚dfがλ/4/nfである理想的な単層被覆膜の特性行列と等しいとするステップと、
前記i個の被覆膜の中でi-3個の被覆膜の膜厚を予め設定するステップと、
前記i個の被覆膜の中で残余の3個の被覆膜の膜厚を、前記多層被覆膜の特性行列から導かれる3つの連立方程式の解によって決定するステップと、
を備える光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法。 - 前記反射防止膜は4層の被覆膜からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法。
- 前記反射防止膜は5層の被覆膜からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法。
- 前記各被覆膜は、それぞれ、CeO2、YF3、ZnS、CeF3、ZnSe、Al2O3、Ta2O5、SiO2及びアモルファスSiのいずれか1つの材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項7から9のいずれか1項に記載の光半導体装置用反射防止膜の設計方法。
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| JPH05243689A (ja) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体光素子 |
| JP2001196685A (ja) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体光素子装置 |
| US6347107B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method of improving intensity control of laser diodes using back facet photodiode |
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| JP2008294202A (ja) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Nec Electronics Corp | ファブリペロー型共振器レーザとその設計方法 |
| JP2021163922A (ja) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 量子カスケードレーザ素子、量子カスケードレーザ装置及び量子カスケードレーザ装置の製造方法 |
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| JPH05243689A (ja) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体光素子 |
| US6347107B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method of improving intensity control of laser diodes using back facet photodiode |
| JP2001196685A (ja) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体光素子装置 |
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