WO2023189023A1 - Véhicule de travail et procédé de commande d'un véhicule de travail - Google Patents

Véhicule de travail et procédé de commande d'un véhicule de travail Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023189023A1
WO2023189023A1 PCT/JP2023/006301 JP2023006301W WO2023189023A1 WO 2023189023 A1 WO2023189023 A1 WO 2023189023A1 JP 2023006301 W JP2023006301 W JP 2023006301W WO 2023189023 A1 WO2023189023 A1 WO 2023189023A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
work vehicle
transmission
transmission oil
speed clutch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2023/006301
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
慎一 内藤
Original Assignee
株式会社小松製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社小松製作所 filed Critical 株式会社小松製作所
Publication of WO2023189023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023189023A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/06—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch
    • F16D25/062—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces
    • F16D25/063—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially
    • F16D25/0635—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D25/0638—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a work vehicle and a method of controlling the work vehicle.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a warm-up circuit that raises the temperature of transmission oil (hydraulic oil) used for driving a clutch in a transmission and lubricating a clutch disk when a work vehicle is started.
  • transmission oil hydroaulic oil
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a work vehicle and a method for controlling a work vehicle that can remove water mixed into transmission oil with a simple configuration.
  • a work vehicle includes a clutch having a plurality of clutch discs lubricated by transmission oil, and a controller that controls engagement and disengagement of the clutch.
  • the controller moves the plurality of clutch disks to a standby position between an initial position and an engaged position in response to a request for raising the temperature of transmission oil.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a work vehicle 1 according to the embodiment.
  • Work vehicle 1 is a wheel loader.
  • a work vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 2 and a work machine 3.
  • the vehicle body 2 includes a front vehicle body 2a and a rear vehicle body 2b.
  • the rear vehicle body 2b is connected to the front vehicle body 2a so as to be swingable from side to side.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 15 is connected to the front vehicle body 2a and the rear vehicle body 2b. As the hydraulic cylinder 15 expands and contracts, the front vehicle body 2a swings left and right with respect to the rear vehicle body 2b.
  • the work machine 3 is used for work such as excavation.
  • the working machine 3 is attached to the front vehicle body 2a.
  • the work machine 3 includes a boom 11, a bucket 12, and hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14.
  • the boom 11 and bucket 12 operate as the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 expand and contract.
  • the work vehicle 1 includes an engine 21, a transmission 22, and a traveling device 23.
  • Engine 21 is, for example, an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
  • Transmission 22 is connected to engine 21 . Transmission oil is sealed inside the transmission 22. The configuration of the transmission 22 will be described later.
  • the traveling device 23 causes the work vehicle 1 to travel.
  • the traveling device 23 has front wheels 24 and rear wheels 25.
  • the front wheels 24 are provided on the front vehicle body 2a.
  • the rear wheel 25 is provided on the rear vehicle body 2b.
  • the front wheels 24 and the rear wheels 25 are connected to the transmission 22 via an axle (not shown).
  • the work vehicle 1 is equipped with a hydraulic pump (not shown).
  • a hydraulic pump is connected to the engine 21.
  • the hydraulic pump is driven by the engine 21 and discharges transmission oil.
  • Transmission oil discharged from the hydraulic pump is supplied to the transmission 22.
  • the transmission oil is used both to drive each clutch (a low-speed clutch 71, a high-speed clutch 72, and a medium-speed clutch 73, which will be described later) included in the transmission 22, and to lubricate a clutch disk included in each clutch.
  • the work vehicle 1 includes a controller 27.
  • the controller 27 includes, for example, a processor and a memory. Controller 27 controls engine 21 and transmission 22. The functions of the controller 27 will be described later.
  • FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing the configuration of the transmission 22. As shown in FIG.
  • the transmission 22 is a so-called HMT (hydraulic-mechanical transmission).
  • the transmission 22 includes an input shaft 31, an output shaft 32, a first planetary gear mechanism 33, a second planetary gear mechanism 34, a third planetary gear mechanism 35, a first variable device 36, and a second variable A device 37 is provided.
  • the input shaft 31 is connected to the engine 21.
  • the output shaft 32 is connected to the traveling device 23.
  • the first planetary gear mechanism 33, the second planetary gear mechanism 34, and the third planetary gear mechanism 35 are arranged coaxially.
  • the input shaft 31 and the output shaft 32 are arranged eccentrically from the central axis C1 of the first planetary gear mechanism 33, the second planetary gear mechanism 34, and the third planetary gear mechanism 35, respectively.
  • the first planetary gear mechanism 33 includes a first carrier 41 , a plurality of first planetary gears 42 , a first sun gear 43 , and a first ring gear 44 .
  • An input gear 45 is fitted onto the input shaft 31 .
  • the first carrier 41 includes an external gear 46 . By meshing the gear 46 and the input gear 45, the first carrier 41 is connected to the input shaft 31.
  • the first planetary gear 42 is connected to the first carrier 41 and is rotatable together with the first carrier 41 around the central axis C1.
  • the first sun gear 43 is fitted onto the shaft 55 and can rotate integrally with the shaft 55.
  • the first sun gear 43 meshes with the first planetary gear 42.
  • the first ring gear 44 meshes with the first planetary gear 42.
  • the second planetary gear mechanism 34 includes a second sun gear 51, a plurality of second planetary gears 52, a second carrier 53, and a second ring gear 54.
  • the second sun gear 51 is connected to the first carrier 41 and is rotatable together with the first carrier 41 around the central axis C1.
  • the second sun gear 51 can idle around the shaft 55.
  • the second planetary gear 52 meshes with the second sun gear 51.
  • the second carrier 53 is connected to the second planetary gear 52 and is rotatable together with the second planetary gear 52 around the central axis C1.
  • the second ring gear 54 meshes with the second planetary gear 52.
  • the second ring gear 54 is connected to the first ring gear 44.
  • the first ring gear 44 and the second ring gear 54 are integrally formed and constitute a ring member 47.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the ring member 47 includes an external gear 48 .
  • Gear 48 is connected to first variable device 36 .
  • the first variable device 36 is a hydraulic pump/motor.
  • the capacity of the first variable device 36 is controlled by the controller 27.
  • the controller 27 continuously changes the speed ratio of the output shaft 32 to the input shaft 31 by controlling the rotational speed of the first variable device 36 .
  • a gear 49 is fitted onto the rotating shaft of the first variable device 36 . Gear 49 meshes with gear 48 described above.
  • the third planetary gear mechanism 35 includes a third carrier 61, a plurality of third planetary gears 62, a third sun gear 63, and a third ring gear 64.
  • the third carrier 61 is connected to the second carrier 53 and is rotatable together with the second carrier 53 around the central axis C1.
  • the third carrier 61 may be integrated with the second carrier 53 or may be separate.
  • the third planetary gear 62 is connected to the third carrier 61 and is rotatable together with the third carrier 61 around the central axis C1.
  • the third sun gear 63 meshes with the third planetary gear 62.
  • the third sun gear 63 can idle around the shaft 55.
  • the third ring gear 64 meshes with the third planetary gear 62.
  • Third ring gear 64 is non-rotatable.
  • the third ring gear 64 is fixed to the housing of the transmission 22, for example.
  • the third planetary gear mechanism 35 accelerates the rotation from the second planetary gear mechanism 34 and outputs it.
  • the second variable device 37 is a hydraulic pump/motor.
  • the second variable device 37 is connected to the first variable device 36 by a hydraulic circuit (not shown).
  • the first variable device 36 functions as a pump and discharges transmission oil
  • the second variable device 37 functions as a motor and is driven by the transmission oil from the first variable device 36.
  • the first variable device 36 functions as a motor and is driven by the transmission oil from the second variable device 37.
  • the capacity of the second variable device 37 is controlled by the controller 27.
  • the controller 27 continuously changes the speed ratio by controlling the rotational speed of the second variable device 37.
  • the second variable device 37 is arranged coaxially with the second planetary gear mechanism 34 .
  • a shaft 55 is connected to the rotation axis of the second variable device 37.
  • the first sun gear 43 is fitted onto the shaft 55 .
  • Shaft 55 connects first sun gear 43 and second variable device 37 .
  • the shaft 55 is arranged coaxially with the first to third planetary gear mechanisms 33 to 35.
  • the transmission 22 includes a low speed gear 65, a high speed gear 66, a medium speed gear 67, a low speed clutch 71, a high speed clutch 72, and a medium speed clutch 73.
  • the low speed gear 65, high speed gear 66, and medium speed gear 67 are arranged coaxially with the first to third planetary gear mechanisms 33 to 35.
  • the low-speed gear 65 is fitted onto the shaft 55 and is rotatable together with the shaft 55 around the central axis C1.
  • Low speed gear 65 is connected to output shaft 32 via low speed clutch 71.
  • the high-speed gear 66 is connected to the shaft 55 via a high-speed clutch 72. When high speed clutch 72 is engaged, high speed gear 66 is rotatable with shaft 55 . High speed gear 66 is connected to output shaft 32 .
  • the medium speed gear 67 is connected to the third sun gear 63 and can rotate together with the third sun gear 63 around the central axis C1. The medium speed gear 67 may be integrated with the third sun gear 63 or may be separate from the third sun gear 63.
  • Each of the low-speed clutch 71, high-speed clutch 72, and medium-speed clutch 73 is a hydraulic wet multi-disc clutch having a plurality of clutch discs. The engagement and disengagement of each of the low speed clutch 71, high speed clutch 72, and medium speed clutch 73 is controlled by the controller 27.
  • the number of clutch discs that the low-speed clutch 71 has is greater than the number of clutch discs that the medium-speed clutch 73 has, and is greater than the number of clutch discs that the high-speed clutch 72 has.
  • the number of clutch disks each of the clutches 71 to 73 has can be changed as appropriate.
  • the low-speed clutch 71 switches between connecting and disconnecting the output shaft 32 and the shaft 55.
  • the high-speed clutch 72 switches between connecting and disconnecting the output shaft 32 and the shaft 55.
  • the medium speed clutch 73 switches connection and disconnection between the output shaft 32 and the third sun gear 63.
  • the medium speed clutch 73 is engaged, the rotation of the third sun gear 63 is transmitted to the output shaft 32 via the medium speed gear 67.
  • the low-speed clutch 71 is an example of a "clutch" according to the present disclosure. The configuration and control of the low speed clutch 71 will be described later.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the low-speed clutch 71.
  • the low-speed clutch 71 includes a first rotating element 81, a second rotating element 82, a plurality of first clutch discs 83, a plurality of second clutch discs 84, a first return spring 85, a plurality of second A return spring 86 and a piston 87 are provided.
  • the first rotating element 81 faces the second rotating element 82.
  • the first rotating element 81 is separated from the second rotating element 82.
  • the first and second clutch discs 83 and 84 are arranged between the first and second rotating elements 81 and 82.
  • the first and second clutch discs 83, 84 are arranged alternately in a predetermined direction.
  • the first and second clutch discs 83 and 84 are lubricated by transmission oil sealed inside the transmission 22.
  • the first and second clutch discs 83 and 84 are an example of "a plurality of clutch discs" according to the present disclosure.
  • the first clutch disc 83 is supported by the first rotating element 81 and rotates together with the first rotating element 81.
  • the first clutch disc 83 is moved in a predetermined direction by being pressed by the piston 87.
  • the second clutch disc 84 is supported by the second rotating element 82 and rotates together with the second rotating element 82 .
  • the second clutch disc 84 moves in a predetermined direction by being pressed by the first clutch disc 83.
  • the first return spring 85 is held in a compressed state between the first spacer 91 and the second spacer 92.
  • the first return spring 85 urges the second rotational element 82 away from the first rotational element 81 in a predetermined direction.
  • a coil spring can be used as the first return spring 85.
  • the second return spring 86 is arranged between the two first clutch discs 83.
  • the second return spring 86 urges the two first clutch disks 83 to separate from each other in a predetermined direction.
  • a wave spring can be used as the second return spring 86.
  • the piston 87 is in contact with the first clutch disc 83.
  • the piston 87 is movable in a predetermined direction depending on the hydraulic pressure of transmission oil supplied to the oil chamber 88 .
  • the supply oil pressure of transmission oil is controlled by a controller 27.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the piston 87 and the supplied oil pressure.
  • the pressing force of the piston 87 is smaller than the urging force of the second return spring 86.
  • the piston 87 is located at the "first position".
  • the first position is a position where the stroke of the piston 87 is "0".
  • Each clutch disc 83, 84 is maintained at an "initial position”.
  • the initial position is a position where each clutch disc 83, 84 is maintained in a disengaged state and is not pressed by piston 87.
  • the piston 87 In the range of the supplied oil pressure from F2 to F3, the piston 87 is in contact with the first spacer 91, and the pressing force of the piston 87 is smaller than the urging force of the first and second return springs 85 and 86. At this time, the piston 87 is maintained at the "second position" by the biasing forces of the first and second return springs 85 and 86 even if the supplied hydraulic pressure increases.
  • Each clutch disc 83, 84 is maintained in the "standby position” even if the supplied hydraulic pressure increases.
  • the standby position is a position where each clutch disc 83, 84 is maintained in a non-engaged state and the gap between each clutch disc 83, 84 is narrower than the initial position.
  • the "second position" corresponds to the "standby position".
  • each clutch disc 83, 84 is engaged. In this way, when the supplied oil pressure is F4 or higher, each clutch disc 83, 84 is located at the "engaged position".
  • the engagement position is a position within a range where each clutch disc 83, 84 is in an engaged state.
  • each clutch disc 83, 84 is disengaged and the low speed clutch 71 is released, and when the supplied oil pressure is more than F4, each clutch disc 83, 84 is disengaged, and the low speed clutch 71 is released. 84 is in an engaged state, and the low speed clutch 71 is engaged.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the controller 27.
  • the controller 27 includes a moisture amount detection section 27a and a hydraulic pressure control section 27b.
  • the water content detection section 27a is connected to the water content sensor 80.
  • Moisture sensor 80 detects the amount of moisture mixed in transmission oil sealed inside transmission 22 .
  • a known moisture sensor for example, an optical sensor, a capacitive sensor, or another sensor
  • the moisture sensor 80 can be placed in the transmission oil flow path.
  • the moisture content sensor 80 transmits the detected moisture content to the moisture content detection section 27a.
  • the water content detection unit 27a determines whether the water content detected by the water content sensor 80 is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold value is set to a certain amount of moisture that may cause deterioration (for example, peeling of the friction material) in each of the clutches 71 to 73.
  • the amount of water detecting section 27a sends a detection signal indicating that water has been mixed into the transmission oil to the hydraulic pressure control section 27b.
  • the detection signal is an example of a "temperature increase request" according to the present disclosure.
  • the hydraulic control section 27b supplies transmission oil to the low-speed clutch 71 in response to the detection signal from the water content detection section 27a. Specifically, the hydraulic control unit 27b moves each clutch disc 83, 84 to the standby position by controlling the supply hydraulic pressure of the transmission oil supplied to the low-speed clutch 71 within a range of F2 or more and F3 or less. .
  • the gap between each clutch disc 83, 84 can be narrowed while maintaining each clutch disc 83, 84 in a disengaged state. Therefore, while suppressing moisture mixed in the transmission oil from infiltrating into the friction material of each clutch disc 83, 84, pressure loss of the transmission oil passing through the gap between each clutch disc 83, 84 is reduced.
  • the temperature of the transmission oil can be raised by increasing the temperature. Therefore, moisture mixed in the transmission oil can be removed in a short time with a simple configuration while suppressing deterioration of each clutch disk 83, 84.
  • the low-speed clutch 71 is the clutch with the largest number of clutch discs among the low-speed clutch 71, the high-speed clutch 72, and the medium-speed clutch 73 in terms of the torque to be transmitted. Therefore, the temperature of the transmission oil can be raised more quickly than when the high-speed clutch 72 or the medium-speed clutch 73 is moved to the standby position.
  • the transmission 22 according to this embodiment is an HMT, it does not include a torque converter, and the temperature of the transmission oil does not easily rise. Therefore, the above-mentioned effect obtained by moving the low-speed clutch 71 to the standby position and raising the temperature of the transmission oil is particularly effective.
  • the moisture content detection unit 27a After transmitting a detection signal to the hydraulic pressure control unit 27b, the moisture content detection unit 27a determines whether the moisture content detected by the moisture content sensor 80 has become less than a predetermined threshold value. When the moisture content becomes less than a predetermined threshold, the moisture content detection unit 27a transmits a stop signal to the hydraulic pressure control unit 27b indicating that the temperature increase of the transmission oil should be stopped.
  • the hydraulic control unit 27b When the hydraulic control unit 27b receives the stop signal from the water content detection unit 27a, it returns the low-speed clutch 71 to the initial position.
  • the work vehicle 1 is a wheel loader, but it may be another type of work vehicle such as a bulldozer, hydraulic excavator, dump truck, or motor grader.
  • the transmission 22 is an HMT, but other types of transmissions such as an HST (hydrostatic transmission), an EMT (electro-mechanical transmission), or a multi-speed transmission including a plurality of gears can be used. It may also be a transmission.
  • HST hydrostatic transmission
  • EMT electro-mechanical transmission
  • multi-speed transmission including a plurality of gears can be used. It may also be a transmission.
  • the hydraulic control section 27b moves the low-speed clutch 71 to the standby position in response to receiving the detection signal from the water content detection section 27a, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the hydraulic control unit 27b may move the low-speed clutch 71 to the standby position in response to receiving an operation signal based on an operator operation.
  • the work vehicle 1 is equipped with an operating member (for example, a switch, a lever, etc.) that is operated by the operator in order to raise the temperature of the transmission oil, and the operating member transmits an operating signal according to the operator's operation to the hydraulic control unit. 27b.
  • the operation signal is an example of a "temperature increase request" according to the present disclosure.
  • the water content detection unit 27a detects water contamination in the transmission oil when the water content detected by the water content sensor 80 exceeds a predetermined threshold value, but this is not limited to this. I can't do it.
  • the water content detection unit 27a may detect water contamination in the transmission oil when the estimated value of the water content calculated using a well-known method becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.
  • the controller 27 moves the low-speed clutch 71 to the standby position, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the controller 27 may move at least one clutch included in the transmission to a standby position.
  • the controller 27 may move both one of the high speed clutch 72 and the medium speed clutch 73 and the low speed clutch 71 to the standby position, or may move only one of the high speed clutch 72 and the medium speed clutch 73. It may be moved to the standby position, or all of the clutches 71 to 73 may be moved to the standby position.
  • the clutch to be moved to the standby position may be another clutch (for example, a forward clutch, a reverse clutch, etc.).
  • the standby position of the low-speed clutch 71 can be set at any position between the initial position and the engaged position of each clutch disc 83, 84.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

Un véhicule de travail (1) comprend un embrayage de faible vitesse (71) qui comprend des premier et second disques d'embrayage (83, 84) lubrifiés par de l'huile de transmission et un dispositif de commande (27) qui commande l'engagement et le relâchement de l'embrayage de faible vitesse (71). Le dispositif de commande (27) déplace les premier et second disques d'embrayage (83, 84) vers une position d'attente entre une position initiale et une position d'engagement en réponse à un signal de détection indiquant la détection d'un mélange d'eau avec l'huile de transmission.
PCT/JP2023/006301 2022-04-01 2023-02-21 Véhicule de travail et procédé de commande d'un véhicule de travail WO2023189023A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022061801A JP2023151925A (ja) 2022-04-01 2022-04-01 作業車両及び作業車両の制御方法
JP2022-061801 2022-04-01

Publications (1)

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WO2023189023A1 true WO2023189023A1 (fr) 2023-10-05

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PCT/JP2023/006301 WO2023189023A1 (fr) 2022-04-01 2023-02-21 Véhicule de travail et procédé de commande d'un véhicule de travail

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WO (1) WO2023189023A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008296611A (ja) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-11 Toyota Motor Corp 車両用動力伝達装置の制御装置
JP2014152864A (ja) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-25 Daimler Ag 機械式自動変速機の初期設定方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008296611A (ja) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-11 Toyota Motor Corp 車両用動力伝達装置の制御装置
JP2014152864A (ja) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-25 Daimler Ag 機械式自動変速機の初期設定方法

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