WO2023112964A1 - 排気ガスの浄化に用いられる触媒担持用基材 - Google Patents
排気ガスの浄化に用いられる触媒担持用基材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023112964A1 WO2023112964A1 PCT/JP2022/046052 JP2022046052W WO2023112964A1 WO 2023112964 A1 WO2023112964 A1 WO 2023112964A1 JP 2022046052 W JP2022046052 W JP 2022046052W WO 2023112964 A1 WO2023112964 A1 WO 2023112964A1
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- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb body
- honeycomb
- opening region
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/48—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the number of flow passages, e.g. cell density
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst-supporting substrate used for purifying air pollutants contained in exhaust gas.
- a catalytic converter As a purifying device for purifying exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine, a catalytic converter is known which is configured by inserting a metal honeycomb body (catalyst-supporting base material) into a heat-resistant alloy outer cylinder. By arranging the catalytic converter in the exhaust gas path, the exhaust gas passing through the catalytic converter comes into contact with the catalyst over a wide area, so that the exhaust gas can be purified efficiently.
- the honeycomb body includes a honeycomb body formed by alternately laminating flat metal foils and corrugated corrugated flat foils, or formed by winding flat metal foils and corrugated foils. A honeycomb body or the like is used.
- Patent Literature 3 proposes a metal carrier (honeycomb body) in which, of flat foils and/or corrugated foils included in the honeycomb body, openings are provided only on the upstream side of the exhaust gas path.
- the metal carrier the part on the exhaust gas inlet side that comes into contact with the heated exhaust gas at an early stage greatly contributes to the early activation of the catalyst. Therefore, by providing the opening on the upstream side of the exhaust gas path, it is possible to fully enjoy the effect of early activation of the catalyst described in (A) above.
- As described in (B) above by forming openings in the foil, turbulence can be easily generated in the exhaust gas. Therefore, according to the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 3, purification performance can be improved. Further, by adopting a configuration in which no opening is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust gas path, it is possible to suppress an increase in pressure loss, which was a problem in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- the metal carrier had a region provided with openings (hereinafter referred to as an opening region) and a region having openings. A phenomenon was confirmed in which cracks were generated at the boundary between the non-opened region (hereinafter referred to as the non-opening region) and the metal carrier was broken.
- the present invention provides a catalyst-supported catalyst that can (1) enhance purification performance, (2) suppress an increase in pressure loss, and (3) suppress breakage at the boundary between an open region and a non-open region.
- the purpose is to provide a base material for
- the present invention provides (1) a substrate for supporting a catalyst, which is composed of a plurality of honeycomb bodies and used for purifying exhaust gas from a vehicle, wherein the plurality of honeycomb bodies are composed of:
- the metal foil of the first honeycomb body which is arranged side by side so that the central axes of the honeycomb bodies substantially coincide with each other, and which is arranged at the position closest to the exhaust gas inlet side among the plurality of honeycomb bodies, has a through hole. Through holes are not formed in the metal foils of the remaining other honeycomb bodies formed in a large number.
- first non-opening region from the exhaust gas inlet side end of the first honeycomb body to the exhaust gas inlet side edge of the first honeycomb body;
- second non-opening region up to the edge, the length in the axial direction of the first non-opening region is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and the length in the axial direction of the second non-opening region is 10 mm or less.
- the honeycomb body adjacent to the first honeycomb body in the axial direction is defined as the second honeycomb body
- the first honeycomb body and the second honeycomb body are separated in the axial direction
- the The separation distance in the axial direction between the first honeycomb body and the second honeycomb body is 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less
- the ratio of the axial length of the opening region to the sum of the axial lengths of the plurality of honeycomb bodies. is 20% or more and 80% or less.
- a honeycomb unit comprising the catalyst-supporting substrate according to any one of (1) to (3), and an outer cylinder accommodating the catalyst-supporting substrate.
- a catalytic converter comprising the honeycomb unit according to (4) and a catalyst supported on the plurality of honeycomb bodies.
- the catalyst-supporting substrate of the present invention (1) purification performance is enhanced, (2) increase in pressure loss is suppressed, and (3) breakage at the boundary between the open area and the non-open area is suppressed. can do.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a honeycomb unit according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the honeycomb unit shown in FIG. 1
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the first honeycomb body 4A shown in Fig. 1
- FIG. 2 is a developed view of a flat foil 2 in the first honeycomb body 4A shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a region S surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a honeycomb unit according to this embodiment.
- 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the honeycomb unit shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. The arrow shown in FIG. 2 indicates the conducting direction of the exhaust gas, and this direction coincides with the axial direction of the catalyst-supporting substrate.
- the honeycomb unit 1 includes a catalyst-supporting substrate 4 and an outer cylinder 5 made of a heat-resistant metal that accommodates the catalyst-supporting substrate 4. As shown in FIG.
- the catalyst-supporting base material 4 has a central axis that substantially coincides with that of the first honeycomb body 4A arranged on the upstream side of the exhaust gas passage, and an axis that is aligned with that of the first honeycomb body 4A. and a second honeycomb body 4B arranged downstream of the exhaust gas path adjacent to each other in the direction are arranged in series.
- one or more honeycomb bodies having the same configuration as the second honeycomb body 4B may be further arranged in series on the downstream side of the second honeycomb body 2B.
- the central axes are substantially coincident means not only the case where the central axes are completely overlapped, but also a slight deviation due to the manufacturing error of the honeycomb body is allowed.
- the cell densities of the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B are preferably set to 100 to 600 cells per square inch. By increasing the cell density, the purification performance is improved, but the pressure loss is also increased accordingly. Therefore, the cell density value to be set may be appropriately selected according to the required output performance and exhaust gas level.
- a flat foil 2 and a corrugated foil 3 made of a heat-resistant alloy are wound around an axis in a state of being superimposed, and the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 are joined to each other with brazing material. It is composed by Therefore, the flat foils 2 and the corrugated foils 3 are alternately laminated in the radial direction. According to the above configuration, a large number of gas passages extending in the axial direction can be formed inside the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B.
- the corrugated foil 3 is formed by corrugating the flat foil 2 .
- the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B are inserted into the outer cylinder 5, and the outermost peripheral surfaces of the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B and the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 5 are joined with brazing material. By doing so, the honeycomb unit 1 is constructed.
- the joining position between the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 and the joining position between the first honeycomb body 4A/second honeycomb body 4B and the outer cylinder 5 are not particularly limited. It can be bonded at known bonding locations as shown at 5 .
- foil brazing can be used, for example, BNi-2.
- a nickel-based brazing material such as BNi-5 or BNi-5 can be used.
- a powdered or granular brazing material different from foil brazing can also be used.
- Fe-20Cr-5Al-based stainless steel can be preferably used, but not limited to this, various heat-resistant stainless steels containing Al in the alloy composition Steel can be employed. Generally, an alloy containing 15 to 25% by mass of Cr and 2 to 8% by mass of Al can be used as the heat-resistant alloy. For example, Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy, Fe-18Cr-3Al alloy, Fe-20Cr-8Al alloy, etc. can be used.
- the heat capacity of the honeycomb body is reduced, so that the catalyst can be activated earlier and the initial purification performance can be further improved.
- the thicknesses of the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 can be appropriately set based on the required durability performance and purification performance.
- the thickness of the flat foil 2 and corrugated foil 3 is set to 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- Stainless steel such as SUS436L, for example, can be adopted as the heat-resistant alloy used for the outer cylinder 5, but it is not limited to this, and various heat-resistant alloys can be used. It is preferable to set the thickness of the outer cylinder 5 to 1 mm to 2 mm.
- a catalyst (not shown) is carried on the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 .
- the catalyst can be supported on the flat foils 2 and the corrugated foils 3 by applying a predetermined washcoat liquid to the foil surfaces of the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B, followed by drying and firing.
- a predetermined washcoat liquid for example, a slurry obtained by stirring ⁇ -alumina powder, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, and cerium oxide in an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate can be used.
- a honeycomb unit carrying a catalyst (that is, a catalytic converter) can be installed in the exhaust gas path of a vehicle so that the exhaust gas flowing in from the inlet end 1A is discharged to the outlet end 1B.
- Vehicles include two-wheeled vehicles, four-wheeled vehicles, off-road vehicles, and the like.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the first honeycomb body 4A shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a developed view of the flat foil 2 in the first honeycomb body 4A shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the lateral direction of the flat foil 2, and the circumferential direction of the first honeycomb body shown in FIG.
- the flat foils 2 and the corrugated foils 3 of the first honeycomb body 4A are preliminarily provided with foils at corresponding positions in the exhaust gas conduction direction (the lateral direction of the flat foils 2 and the corrugated foils 3).
- a plurality of through holes 410 are provided to penetrate in the thickness direction.
- a region (opening region 41) in which the through holes 410 are provided in the axial direction is formed in the first honeycomb body 4A (Fig. 2, see Figure 3).
- the through holes 410 are provided at positions separated from both edges of the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 in the lateral direction (see FIG. 4). That is, in the first honeycomb body 4A, the non-opening regions 46 in which the through holes 410 are not provided are formed before and after the opening region 41 in the axial direction.
- the "entrance-side end of the opening region 41" means that the first honeycomb body 4A passes through the outer edge of the through-hole 410 formed at the position closest to the entrance-side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A. It refers to a boundary plane P orthogonal to the axial direction of the body 4A, and the "exit-side end of the opening region 41" is the end of the through-hole 410 formed at the position closest to the exit-side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A.
- Boundary surfaces P and Q of the first honeycomb body 4A in FIG. 3 respectively correspond to P' and Q' indicated by dashed-dotted lines in FIG.
- through holes 410 are arranged in a staggered manner along the axial direction.
- staggered means that the arrangement relationship in which the through holes in the next row are arranged on an imaginary line extending in the axial direction through the intermediate position of the through holes adjacent in the circumferential direction is continuous in the axial direction. do.
- the arrangement of the through holes 410 is not limited to the zigzag arrangement along the axial direction. It may be placement.
- the through hole 410 may be provided in only one of the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 .
- the position where the through holes 410 are provided in the flat foil 2 and the position where the through holes 410 are provided in the corrugated foil 3 may be different in the exhaust gas flow direction.
- the diameter (that is, opening area) of the through hole 410, the shape of the through hole 410, and the like can be appropriately set according to the width, length, and the like of the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3.
- the diameter of through hole 410 is preferably set to 0.2 mm or more and 8 mm or less.
- each through hole 410 is preferably 0.031 mm 2 or more and 50.3 mm 2 or less. It should be noted that the same effect was obtained even if the opening area of each through-hole 410 was 0.031 mm 2 or more and 50.3 mm 2 or less, even if it had a shape other than a circle (for example, an ellipse, etc.).
- the catalyst-supporting base material 4 is configured only by the first honeycomb body 4A, the axial temperature gradient in the vicinity of the boundary between the open area and the non-open area can be reduced. crack generation can be suppressed.
- the axial length of the catalyst-supporting substrate 4 cannot be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, the absolute amount of the catalyst supported by the catalyst-supporting substrate 4 is insufficient, and the steady purification performance (purification performance after the initial stage) of the honeycomb unit 1 is lowered.
- the axial length of the first honeycomb body 4A is excessively increased to ensure a sufficient axial length of the catalyst-supporting substrate 4, but in this configuration, as described above, the purification performance is poor. While improving, the pressure loss increases.
- the above-described configuration of the present invention (configuration including the front-stage first honeycomb body 4A having an opening region and the rear-stage second honeycomb body 4B having no opening region), (1) Since the catalyst-carrying substrate 4 can have a sufficient length in the axial direction, the steady-state purification performance of the honeycomb unit 1 can be improved. Therefore, an increase in pressure loss can be suppressed.
- the present inventors separately found that the presence or absence of through holes in the second honeycomb body 4B hardly affects the initial purification performance of the honeycomb unit 1 .
- the first honeycomb body 4A if the axial length T of the first non-opening regions 44 is excessively long, cracks will occur at the boundaries P between the opening regions 41 and the first non-opening regions 44. there's a possibility that.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening regions 45 if the axial length B of the second non-opening regions 45 is excessively long, cracks may occur at the boundaries Q between the opening regions 41 and the second non-opening regions 45. be. Therefore, in the first honeycomb body 4A, it is necessary to set the axial length T of the first non-opening regions 44 to 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and set the axial length B of the second non-opening regions 45 to 10 mm or less.
- the length of T By setting the length of T to 2 mm or more, it is possible to suppress damage to the foil of the first honeycomb body 4A due to the pulsation of the exhaust gas.
- the lower limit of the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is not particularly limited, it can be, for example, about 1 mm.
- the sum of the axial lengths of the honeycomb bodies constituting the catalyst-supporting substrate 4 (in the present embodiment, the sum of the axial length L1 of the first honeycomb body 4A and the axial length L2 of the second honeycomb body 4B) ), the ratio of the axial length A of the opening region 41 of the first honeycomb body 4A is set to 20% or more and 80% or less. If X is less than 20%, the axial length of the opening region 41 becomes excessively short, and the initial purification performance of the honeycomb unit 1 cannot be sufficiently enhanced. On the other hand, if X is increased, the axial length of the opening region 41 is increased, so that the purification performance is improved, but the pressure loss is also increased accordingly.
- X exceeds 80%, the axial length of the opening region 41 becomes excessively long, resulting in excessive pressure loss and almost no improvement in purification performance. In this way, pressure loss and purification performance are in a trade-off relationship, so the value of X should be appropriately set in the range of 20% or more and 80% or less based on the required output performance and exhaust gas level. can be done. In addition, it is more preferable to set X to 25% or more and 55% or less.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is preferably longer than the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 .
- the first honeycomb body 4A is divided into an exhaust gas inlet side region G1 present on the exhaust gas inlet side and an exhaust gas outlet side region G2 present on the exhaust gas outlet side at the center in the axial direction.
- the opening regions 41 are unevenly distributed in the exhaust gas inlet side region G1 of the first honeycomb body 4A, so that the heat capacity of the exhaust gas inlet side region G1 can be reduced compared to the exhaust gas outlet side region G2. Therefore, the catalyst can be activated more quickly, and purification performance can be further improved.
- the "center in the axial direction" corresponds to a boundary surface R that passes through the center in the axial direction of the first honeycomb body 4A and is orthogonal to the axial direction of the first honeycomb body 4A.
- the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B are arranged apart from each other by a separation distance D (mm) in the axial direction of the catalyst-carrying substrate 4 .
- the separation distance D (mm) can be set as appropriate.
- the separation distance D (mm) is set to 2 ⁇ D ⁇ 20. The reason for this will be explained below.
- the heat of the exhaust gas may cause the flat foils 2 and the corrugated foils 3 to extend.
- the separation distance D (mm) should be 2 mm or more.
- the heat of the exhaust gas is dissipated in the separation portion 6 between the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B. It is dispersed to the outside of the honeycomb unit 1 through the cylinder 5 . Therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gas when it flows into the second honeycomb body 4B is lower than the temperature of the exhaust gas when it is discharged from the first honeycomb body 4A. Since the second honeycomb body 4B is arranged downstream of the first honeycomb body 4A, it greatly contributes to steady-state purification performance. Activation of the catalyst supported on the catalyst is delayed, and improvement of steady purification performance is hindered.
- the length of the separation portion 6 in the axial direction that is, the separation distance D (mm) to 20 mm or less
- heat radiation from the separation portion 6 to the outside is suppressed, and the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the second honeycomb body 4B is reduced. decline can be suppressed.
- the catalyst supported on the second honeycomb body 4B can be efficiently activated, and the purification performance can be improved.
- the separation distance D (mm) is preferably set to 2 ⁇ D ⁇ 10.
- the separation distance D (mm) is preferably set to 2 ⁇ D ⁇ 10.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 As disclosed in Patent Documents 6 and 7, as disclosed in Patent Documents 6 and 7, a through-hole is not formed in any honeycomb foil of a catalyst-supporting substrate having a structure in which two honeycomb bodies are arranged in series. A catalyst-supporting substrate is used.
- the exhaust gas that has flowed into the upstream honeycomb body flows through the inside of the honeycomb body in a laminar flow (not a turbulent flow), so that it is difficult to improve the purification performance.
- the separation distance D (mm) between the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B in the present invention can be set to less than 10 mm.
- the first honeycomb body 4A of the present invention is provided with the opening regions 41 (the plurality of through holes 410), so that the exhaust gas can be turbulent in the first honeycomb body 4A.
- sufficient purification performance can be obtained even if the separation distance between the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B is shortened. Therefore, compared to a conventional catalyst-supporting substrate in which two honeycomb bodies without through-holes formed in the foil are arranged in series, the novel effect is that the catalyst-supporting substrate can be made more compact. play.
- the aperture ratio of the through-holes in the aperture region 41 can be appropriately set according to the use of the catalyst-supporting substrate 4 and the like.
- the definition of aperture ratio will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a region S surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. Referring to FIG. 5, a triangle is drawn with the centers of gravity of three through holes 410 adjacent to each other (in this embodiment, the center C of the through holes 410) as vertices. The area of the portion overlapping the through hole is defined as the overlapping area. At this time, the aperture ratio is calculated as "the ratio of the overlapping area to the total area".
- the aperture ratio can be defined using the center of gravity of the through hole. Further, even if the arrangement of the through holes is not staggered along the axial direction shown in FIG. 4 (for example, the matrix arrangement described above), the aperture ratio can be calculated according to the above definition.
- the aperture ratio is set to 20% or more and 60% or less.
- the open area ratio is set to 20% or more, the heat capacity of the first honeycomb body 4A can be appropriately reduced, so that the initial purification performance can be sufficiently improved.
- the opening ratio is set to 60% or less, the foil in the opening regions 41 can be left more sufficiently, so that the durability of the first honeycomb body 4A can be further improved.
- Example 1 to 4 catalytic converters using the honeycomb unit 1 according to the present invention were produced as follows. Two Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foils with a width of 60 mm and a foil thickness of 50 ⁇ m were perforated with a diameter of 1 mm. The holes were arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the aperture ratio was set to 40%. The axial length T of the first non-opening region 44, the axial length A of the open region 41, and the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 are described in Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 1. Drilling was performed so as to obtain each value.
- a first honeycomb body 4A having a diameter of 50 mm, a length of 60 mm and a cell density of 300 cells per inch was obtained by winding the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 in a superimposed state.
- a second honeycomb body 4B having a cell density of 300 cells per inch was obtained. The same method as described above was used for corrugating the corrugated foil.
- a brazing foil having a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m is wrapped once around predetermined positions of the obtained first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B, and is attached to an outer cylinder 5 having a length of 140 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.
- the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B were inserted so that the separation distance D in the axial direction was 20 mm.
- BNi-5 was used as the brazing foil
- SUS436L was used for the outer cylinder.
- the diameter of the outer cylinder 5 was reduced to 53 mm.
- powder brazing material was applied to predetermined positions of the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B.
- BNi-5 was used as the brazing powder.
- the bonding structure in the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B and the bonding structure between the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B and the outer cylinder 5 are described in FIG.
- a brazing filler metal was applied to obtain a joint structure that is solid. That is, in both the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B, two to three layers of corrugated foils 2 and flat foils 3 are joined from the outermost periphery in a region of 10 mm from the end face on the gas inlet side.
- the first honeycomb body 4A and the outer cylinder 5 are joined in a region of 10 mm from the delivery side edge of the body 4A, and the second honeycomb body 4B and the outer cylinder 5 are joined in a region of 10 mm from the delivery side edge of the second honeycomb body 4B. ing.
- a washcoat liquid containing ceria-zirconia-lanthana-alumina as a main component and containing 1.25 g of palladium per 100 g is passed through the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B provided in the honeycomb unit 1, and excess washcoat liquid is passed. is removed, dried at 180° C. for 1 hour, and then fired at 500° C. for 2 hours, in an amount of 200 g/L in post-dry weight per volume of the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B, A washcoat layer was carried on the metal foil to obtain a catalytic converter. The supported amount of palladium was 2.5 g/L.
- Comparative example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a catalytic converter was produced as follows. Two Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foils with a width of 120 mm and a foil thickness of 50 ⁇ m were drilled with a diameter of 1.0 mm. The holes were arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the aperture ratio was set to 40%. The axial length T of the first non-open area 44 is 6 mm, the axial length A of the open area 41 is 44.0 mm, and the axial length B of the second non-open area 45 is 70.0 mm. Perforated.
- the foil used as the corrugated foil 3 was corrugated so that the cell density was 300 cells per inch.
- a honeycomb body having a diameter of 50 mm, a length of 120 mm and a cell density of 300 cells per inch was obtained by winding the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 in a superimposed state.
- foil brazing having a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wrapped once around a predetermined position of the obtained honeycomb body, and the honeycomb body was inserted into an outer cylinder 5 having a length of 120 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.
- BNi-5 was used as the brazing foil
- SUS436L was used for the outer cylinder.
- the diameter of the outer cylinder 5 was reduced to 53 mm.
- powder brazing material was applied to predetermined positions of the obtained honeycomb body.
- BNi-5 was used as the brazing powder.
- the bonding structure of the honeycomb body and the bonding structure of the honeycomb body and the outer cylinder 5 were the same as those of the first embodiment.
- Example 2 After that, the same vacuum heat treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a honeycomb unit, and the same catalyst supporting treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a catalytic converter.
- Comparative example 2 As Comparative Example 2, the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 in Example 1 is 2 mm, the axial length A of the opening region 41 is 44.0 mm, and the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 44.0 mm.
- a catalytic converter was obtained under the same manufacturing conditions as in Example 1, except that a hole was formed so that the diameter was 14.0 mm.
- Example 3 As Comparative Example 3, the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 in Example 1 is 1 mm, the axial length A of the opening region 41 is 51.9 mm, and the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 1 mm.
- a catalyst converter was obtained under the same manufacturing conditions as in Example 1 except that the holes were drilled so that the diameter was 7.1 mm.
- Comparative Example 4 As Comparative Example 4, the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 in Example 1 is 15 mm, the axial length A of the opening region 41 is 44.0 mm, and the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 44.0 mm.
- a catalytic converter was obtained under the same manufacturing conditions as in Example 1, except that a hole was formed so that the diameter was 1.0 mm.
- a temperature pattern in which the inlet temperature of the gas flowing into the catalyst-supporting substrate is changed between 1000°C and 100°C or less was selected as the cooling/heating cycle pattern. That is, by rotating the engine for 5 minutes from the engine stopped state, a temperature rising step for reaching the incoming gas temperature to 900 ° C in about 30 seconds, a holding step for holding the temperature (1000 ° C) after reaching, and stopping the engine , cooling to 100° C. in about 60 seconds by supplying room temperature air for 5 minutes, and then a cooling step consisting of a cooling step in which room temperature air is continuously supplied.
- the honeycomb body was observed to confirm the occurrence of cracks in the boundary region between the open region 41 and the non-opening region 45 .
- the honeycomb bodies of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 cracks were generated near the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the second non-open regions 45 .
- the crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the first honeycomb body 4A of Comparative Example 3 no cracks occurred near the boundary between the open area 41 and the second non-open area 45, but the foil at the entry side edge was damaged due to foil chipping. A problem has occurred.
- the honeycomb body of Comparative Example 4 cracks were generated near the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the first non-open regions 44 .
- the crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the honeycomb bodies of Examples 1 to 4 cracks propagating in the radial direction were not observed.
- the foil on the entry side edge was damaged due to chipping of the foil.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 10 mm or less from the delivery side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A
- the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is the same as that of the first honeycomb body. It was shown that when the distance is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the entry side edge of the body 4A, the structural durability of the catalytic converter is improved and cracks near the boundary between the open area and the non-open area are suppressed.
- catalytic converters were produced as follows. Two Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foils with a foil thickness of 50 ⁇ m were perforated with a diameter of 1 mm. The holes were arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the aperture ratio was set to 40%.
- the axial length T of the first non-opening region 41, the axial length A of the opening region 41, and the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 are the values in each example and comparative example shown in Table 1. Holes were drilled so that The width of the two Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foils was appropriately set so as to be the length L1 of the first honeycomb body 4A in each example and comparative example (see Table 1).
- a first honeycomb body 4A having a diameter of 50 mm and a cell density of 300 cells per inch was obtained by winding the flat foil 2 and the corrugated foil 3 in a superimposed state.
- a pair of flat foil and corrugated foil made of Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foil with a foil thickness of 50 ⁇ m and not punched are overlapped and wound to obtain a diameter of 50 mm and a cell density per inch.
- a second honeycomb body 4B with 300 cells was obtained. The same method as the above method was used for corrugating the corrugated foil.
- the width of the two Fe-20Cr-5Al stainless steel foils was appropriately set so as to be the length L2 of the second honeycomb body 4B in each example and comparative example (see Table 1).
- Example 2 After that, the same vacuum heat treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a honeycomb unit, and the same catalyst supporting treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a catalytic converter.
- a catalytic converter for comparison of pressure loss and purification performance (hereinafter referred to as a reference catalytic converter)
- a catalytic converter consisting only of the second honeycomb body 4B with a length of 100 mm was produced.
- the manufacturing conditions of the reference catalytic converter are the same as those of Examples 5-11 and Comparative Examples 5-6, except that the first honeycomb body 4A is not included.
- the pressure loss was evaluated by flowing room temperature air adjusted to a predetermined flow rate through the catalytic converter obtained in each example and comparative example and measuring the pressure difference before and after the catalytic converter.
- pressure loss was evaluated by flowing air at a flow rate of 2.5 Nm 3 /min at 20°C. This translates to an average of about 21 m/s when converted to flow velocity.
- the pressure loss of each example and comparative example was evaluated as an increase rate with respect to the pressure loss in the reference catalytic converter (hereinafter referred to as pressure loss increase rate).
- a model heated to 300° C. was adjusted to a predetermined flow rate (in this example, 300 liters per minute under standard conditions) in the room temperature catalytic converter obtained in each example and comparative example.
- Gas mixed gas consisting of carbon monoxide, propylene, nitric oxide, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen
- 50% purification time was evaluated as purification performance at cold start.
- each gas constituting the model gas were carbon monoxide: 5000 ppm, propylene: 500 ppm, nitrogen monoxide: 500 ppm, oxygen: 4500 ppm, carbon dioxide: 14%, water vapor: 10%, and the remainder was nitrogen.
- the purification performance (50% purification time) of each example and comparative example is the reciprocal of the 50% purification time, and the rate of increase (hereinafter referred to as the purification performance increase rate) with respect to the reciprocal of the 50% purification time in the standard catalytic converter. evaluated.
- the purification performance was evaluated by flowing a model gas (mixed gas consisting of carbon monoxide, propylene, nitric oxide, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen) heated to 300°C through a catalyst converter at room temperature at a predetermined flow rate, and the concentration of propylene was The time required for a 90% reduction was evaluated as the purification performance at steady state. Concentrations of each gas constituting the model gas were carbon monoxide: 5000 ppm, propylene: 500 ppm, nitrogen monoxide: 500 ppm, oxygen: 4500 ppm, carbon dioxide: 14%, water vapor: 10%, and the remainder was nitrogen. Purification performance was evaluated by flowing 300 liters per minute under standard conditions.
- the purification performance evaluation the time required for the concentration of propylene to decrease by 90% (hereinafter referred to as 90% purification time) was evaluated as the steady-state purification performance.
- the purification performance (90% purification time) of each example and comparative example was evaluated as a ratio to the 90% purification time in Comparative Example 9. Table 6 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 16-17 As Example 16, as shown in Table 1, the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is 2 mm, the axial length A of the opening region 41 is 44.0 mm, and the axial length A of the second non-opening region 45 is 44.0 mm. A hole was formed so that the length B was 9.0 mm. As Example 17, as shown in Table 1, the axial length T of the first non-opening area 44 is 10 mm, the axial length A of the opening area 41 is 44.0 mm, and the axial length A of the second non-opening area 45 is 44.0 mm. A hole was formed so that the length B was 1.0 mm. Thereafter, the catalytic converters obtained in Examples 16 and 17 were evaluated for pressure loss and purification performance in the same manner as in Example 5. Table 7 shows the evaluation results of pressure loss and purification performance.
- Example 16 improved purification performance compared to Example 17.
- the ratio of the pressure loss increase rate to the purification performance increase rate was evaluated as " ⁇ " in Example 16 and as " ⁇ " in Example 17. That is, when the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is shorter than the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45, the relationship between pressure loss and purification performance is better. became.
- Example 18-25, Comparative Examples 10-18 In Examples 18 to 25 and Comparative Examples 10 to 18, the effect of changing the hole diameter with respect to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was investigated. In Examples 18-20 and Comparative Examples 10-12, the hole diameter was 2 mm. In Examples 21-23 and Comparative Examples 13-15, the hole diameter was 4 mm. In Examples 24-25 and Comparative Examples 16-18, the hole diameter was 8 mm. Other parameters were set as shown in Tables 1-4. A catalytic converter was manufactured by the same manufacturing method as in Example 1, and tested by the same method as in Example 1 to investigate the structural durability of the catalytic converter.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 10, 13, and 16 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the second non-open regions 45. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 11, 14, and 17 cracks did not occur in the vicinity of the boundary between the open region 41 and the second non-opening region 45, but the foil on the entry side edge A defect occurred due to chipping.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 12, 15, and 18 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the first non-open regions 44. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 10 mm or less from the delivery side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A, and the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is the same as that of the first honeycomb body.
- the distance is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the entrance edge of the body 4A, the structural durability of the catalytic converter is improved regardless of the hole diameter, and cracks near the boundary between the open area and the non-open area are suppressed. shown.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 19 and 22 cracks were generated near the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the second non-open regions 45. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 20 and 23 cracks did not occur in the vicinity of the boundary between the open area 41 and the second non-open area 45, but the foil on the entry side edge was chipped. A defect has occurred.
- first honeycomb bodies 4A in Comparative Examples 21 and 24 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the first non-open regions 44. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 10 mm or less from the delivery side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A, and the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is the same as that of the first honeycomb body.
- the distance is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the entrance edge of the body 4A, the structural durability of the catalytic converter is improved regardless of the opening ratio, and cracks near the boundary between the opening area and the non-opening area are suppressed. shown.
- Example 32-34 Comparative Examples 25-27
- the effect of changing the foil thickness and cell density with respect to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was investigated.
- the foil thickness was 30 ⁇ m and the cell density was 400 cpsi.
- Other parameters were set as shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- a catalytic converter was manufactured by the same manufacturing method as in Example 1, and tested by the same method as in Example 1 to investigate the structural durability of the catalytic converter.
- first honeycomb body 4A in Comparative Example 25 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the second non-open regions 45. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- first honeycomb body 4A of Comparative Example 26 although cracks did not occur in the vicinity of the boundary between the open region 41 and the second non-opening region 45, the foil at the entry side edge was damaged due to foil chipping. A problem has occurred.
- first honeycomb body 4A in Comparative Example 27 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundary between the open area 41 and the first non-open area 44. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 10 mm or less from the delivery side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A, and the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is the same as that of the first honeycomb body.
- the distance is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the entrance edge of the body 4A, the structural durability of the catalytic converter is improved and cracks near the boundary between the open area and the non-open area are suppressed regardless of the foil thickness and cell density. Rukoto has been shown.
- Example 35-37, Comparative Examples 28-30 the effects of changing the diameter and length of the honeycomb body with respect to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were investigated.
- the first honeycomb body 4A and the second honeycomb body 4B had a diameter of 80 mm and an axial length of 40 mm.
- Other parameters were set as shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- a catalytic converter was manufactured by the same manufacturing method as in Example 1, and tested by the same method as in Example 1 to investigate the structural durability of the catalytic converter.
- first honeycomb body 4A in Comparative Example 28 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the second non-open regions 45. The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- first honeycomb body 4A in Comparative Example 29 although cracks did not occur in the vicinity of the boundary between the open area 41 and the second non-open area 45, the foil at the entry side edge was damaged due to foil chipping. A problem has occurred.
- first honeycomb body 4A in Comparative Example 30 cracks were generated in the vicinity of the boundaries between the open regions 41 and the first non-open regions 44 . The crack propagated radially and penetrated to the center of the honeycomb body.
- the axial length B of the second non-opening region 45 is 10 mm or less from the delivery side edge of the first honeycomb body 4A, and the axial length T of the first non-opening region 44 is the same as that of the first honeycomb body.
- the distance is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the entry side edge of the body 4A, regardless of the diameter and axial length of the honeycomb body, the structural durability of the catalytic converter is improved, It was shown that cracks were suppressed.
- honeycomb unit 2 flat foil 3 corrugated foil 4 substrate for supporting catalyst 4A first honeycomb body 4B second honeycomb body 5 outer cylinder 6 separating portion 41 opening region 44 first non-opening region 45 second non-opening region 46 non-opening region 410 through hole
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Abstract
Description
以下、図面を参照して、本発明に係る実施形態について説明する。図1は、本実施形態におけるハニカムユニットの斜視図である。図2は、図1に示すハニカムユニットの縦断面図である。図2に示す矢印は、排気ガスの導通方向を示し、この方向は、触媒担持用基材の軸方向と一致する。図1及び図2を参照して、ハニカムユニット1は、触媒担持用基材4と、触媒担持用基材4を収容する耐熱金属製の外筒5と、を備える。本実施形態において、触媒担持用基材4は、排気ガス経路の上流側に配置された第1ハニカム体4Aと、第1ハニカム体4Aと中心軸が略一致し、第1ハニカム体4Aと軸方向において隣り合って排気ガス経路の下流側に配置された第2ハニカム体4Bと、が直列に配置された構成を有する。ただし、第2ハニカム体4Bと同様の構成を有する1つ以上のハニカム体が、第2ハニカム体2Bの下流側にさらに直列に配置されてもよい。「中心軸が略一致」とは、中心軸が完全に重なり合う場合のみならず、ハニカム体の製造誤差等による多少のズレを許容することを意味する。第1ハニカム体4A及び第2ハニカム体4Bのセル密度は、1平方インチ当たり100セル~600セルに設定することが好ましい。セル密度を大きくすることで、浄化性能は向上するが、これに伴って圧力損失も増加する。そのため、設定するセル密度の値は、要求される出力性能や排出ガスのレベルに応じて適宜選択すればよい。
図3は、図1に示す第1ハニカム体4Aの縦断面拡大図である。図4は、図1に示す第1ハニカム体4Aにおける平箔2の展開図である。図4に示す排気ガス導通方向は、平箔2の短手方向に相当し、図4に示す第1ハニカム体周方向は、平箔2の長手方向に相当する。図4を参照して、第1ハニカム体4Aの平箔2及び波箔3には、予め、排気ガス導通方向(平箔2及び波箔3の短手方向)において対応する位置に、箔の厚み方向に貫通する複数の貫通穴410が設けられている。この平箔2及び波箔3を重ねた状態で軸周りに巻き回すことで、第1ハニカム体4Aに、軸方向において貫通穴410が設けられた領域(開口領域41)が形成される(図2、図3参照)。ここで、本実施形態において、貫通穴410は、平箔2及び波箔3の短手方向における両縁部から離隔した位置に設けられている(図4参照)。すなわち、第1ハニカム体4Aにおいて、軸方向における開口領域41の前後には、貫通穴410が設けられていない非開口領域46が形成され、非開口領域46は、開口領域41の入側端部から第1ハニカム体4Aの入側縁部までの第1非開口領域44と、開口領域41の出側端部から第1ハニカム体4Aの出側縁部までの第2非開口領域45と、から構成される。本実施形態においては、「開口領域41の入側端部」とは、第1ハニカム体4Aの入側縁部に最も近接した位置に形成された貫通穴410の外縁を通って、第1ハニカム体4Aの軸方向に直交する境界面Pを指し、「開口領域41の出側端部」とは、第1ハニカム体4Aの出側縁部に最も近接した位置に形成された貫通穴410の外縁を通って、第1ハニカム体4Aの軸方向に直交する境界面Qを指す。すなわち、境界面PとQに挟まれた第1ハニカム体4Aにおける領域が開口領域41、境界面Pよりも第一ハニカム体4Aの入側縁部側の領域が第1非開口領域44、境界面Qよりも第一ハニカム体4Aの出側縁部側の領域が第2非開口領域45である。図3における第1ハニカム体4Aの境界面P及びQは、それぞれ、図4に一点鎖線で示すP´及びQ´に相当する。なお、第1ハニカム体4Aの入側縁部に第1非開口領域44を設けることによって、排気ガスの脈動による、第1ハニカム体4Aの箔の欠損をより抑制することができる。
まず、本発明者らは、特許文献3のメタル担体における、開口領域と非開口領域との境界部の亀裂が発生するメカニズムについて、鋭意検討を行った。その結果、開口領域と非開口領域とでは、実質的な熱容量及び熱伝導度が相違するため、開口領域と非開口領域との境界部近傍における軸方向の温度勾配が大きくなり、応力が集中して破断するものと考えた。当該メカニズムに基づいて、本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、開口領域を有する前段のハニカム体と、開口領域を有しない後段のハニカム体と、に分ける構成に想到した。この構成によれば、特許文献3に開示されたメタル担体と同様の「浄化性能の向上」及び「圧力損失の増大の抑制」の効果を享受できるとともに、開口領域と非開口領域との境界部近傍における軸方向の温度勾配を小さくすることができるため、該境界部における亀裂の発生を抑制することができる。
排気ガスが触媒担持用基材4を通り抜ける際、排気ガスの熱によって平箔2及び波箔3が延びる可能性がある。この場合、第1ハニカム体4Aと第2ハニカム体4Bとが過度に近接していると、第1ハニカム体4Aと第2ハニカム体4Bとが接触して破損するおそれがある。そのため、離隔距離D(mm)は2mm以上確保する。
一方、第1ハニカム体4Aから排出された排気ガスが第2ハニカム体4Bに流入する際、第1ハニカム体4Aと第2ハニカム体4Bとの間の離隔部6において、排気ガスの熱が外筒5を介してハニカムユニット1の外部へと放散される。そのため、第2ハニカム体4Bに流入する際の排気ガス温度は、第1ハニカム体4Aから排出された際の排気ガス温度より低下する。第2ハニカム体4Bは第1ハニカム体4Aより下流に配置されるため、定常浄化性能への寄与度が大きいが、第2ハニカム体4Bに流入する排気ガス温度が低下すると、第2ハニカム体4Bに担持された触媒の活性化が遅延し、定常浄化性能の向上が阻害される。離隔部6の軸方向長さ、すなわち離隔距離D(mm)を20mm以下に設定することにより、離隔部6における外部への放熱を抑制して、第2ハニカム体4Bに流入する排気ガス温度の低下を抑えることができる。これにより、第2ハニカム体4Bに担持された触媒を効率的に活性化させ、浄化性能を向上させることができる。
(実施例1~4)
実施例1~4として、本発明に係るハニカムユニット1を用いた触媒コンバータを、次のように作成した。幅60mmで箔厚が50μmの2枚のFe-20Cr-5Alステンレス箔に、直径1mmの穴開け加工を施した。穴の配置は千鳥配置とし、開口率は40%に設定した。第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さT、開口領域41の軸方向長さA及び第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが、表1に示す実施例1~4に記載された各値となるように、穴開け加工を施した。
比較例1として、触媒コンバータを次のように作成した。幅120mmで箔厚が50μmの2枚のFe-20Cr-5Alステンレス箔に、直径1.0mmの穴開け加工を施した。穴の配置は千鳥配置とし、開口率は40%に設定した。第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが6mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが44.0mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが70.0mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施した。
比較例2として、実施例1における第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが2mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが44.0mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが14.0mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施し、その他の製造条件を実施例1と同様にして触媒コンバータを得た。
比較例3として、実施例1における第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが1mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが51.9mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが7.1mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施し、その他の製造条件を実施例1と同様にして触媒コンバータを得た。
比較例4として、実施例1における第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが15mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが44.0mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが1.0mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施し、その他の製造条件を実施例1と同様にして触媒コンバータを得た。
(実施例5~11、比較例5~6)
次に、Xの値(第1ハニカム体4Aの軸方向長さL1及び第2ハニカム体4Bの軸方向長さL2の和に対する、第1ハニカム体4Aが有する開口領域41の軸方向長さAの割合)を種々変化させ、圧力損失および浄化性能について評価を行った。
(実施例12~15、比較例7~9)
次に第1ハニカム体4Aと第2ハニカム体4Bの離隔距離Dと、浄化性能と、の関係を調査した。具体的には、実施例12~15、比較例7~9において、離隔距離Dを種々変更し(表1参照)、各実施例及び比較例における浄化性能を比較した。その他の製造条件は、表1に示す各実施例及び比較例の値となるように、実施例1と同様の方法で製造し、触媒コンバータを得た。
離隔距離Dを1mmにした場合、第1ハニカム体4A及び第2ハニカム体4Bが破損したため、90%浄化時間を測定することができなかった。これは、第1ハニカム体4Aを構成する箔に箔伸びが生じ、第1ハニカム体4Aの出側縁部と第2ハニカム体4Bの入側縁部が接触したためである。
以上から、離隔距離Dを2mm以上20mm以下とすることが必要であることがわかった。
(実施例16~17)
実施例16として、表1に示すように、第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが2mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが44.0mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが9.0mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施し、その他の製造条件は実施例5と同様にして触媒コンバータを得た。実施例17として、表1に示すように、第1非開口領域44の軸方向長さTが10mm、開口領域41の軸方向長さAが44.0mm、第2非開口領域45の軸方向長さBが1.0mmとなるように、穴開け加工を施し、その他の製造条件は実施例5と同様にして触媒コンバータを得た。その後、実施例16及び実施例17において得られた触媒コンバータに対し、実施例5に対して行った方法と同様の方法で、圧力損失及び浄化性能の評価を行った。圧力損失及び浄化性能の評価結果を表7に示す。
(実施例18~25、比較例10~18)
実施例18~25及び比較例10~18では、実施例1~4、比較例1~4に対し、穴径を変えた場合の影響を調査した。実施例18~20、比較例10~12では、穴径を2mmとした。実施例21~23、比較例13~15では、穴径を4mmとした。実施例24~25、比較例16~18では、穴径を8mmとした。その他のパラメータは表1~4に示す通りに設定した。実施例1と同様の製造方法で触媒コンバータを製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で試験を行い、触媒コンバータの構造耐久性を調査した。
(実施例26~31、比較例19~24)
実施例26~31、比較例19~24では、実施例1~4、比較例1~4に対し、開口率を変えた場合の影響を調査した。実施例26~28、比較例19~21では、開口率を20%とした。実施例29~31、比較例22~24では、開口率を60%とした。その他のパラメータは表3及び4に示す通りに設定した。実施例1と同様の製造方法で触媒コンバータを製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で試験を行い、触媒コンバータの構造耐久性を調査した。
(実施例32~34、比較例25~27)
実施例32~34、比較例25~27では、実施例1~4、比較例1~4に対し、箔厚とセル密度を変えた場合の影響を調査した。実施例32~34、比較例25~27では、箔厚を30μm、セル密度を400cpsiとした。その他のパラメータは表3及び4に示す通りに設定した。実施例1と同様の製造方法で触媒コンバータを製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で試験を行い、触媒コンバータの構造耐久性を調査した。
(実施例35~37、比較例28~30)
実施例35~37、比較例28~30では、実施例1~4、比較例1~4に対し、ハニカム体の径及び長さを変えた場合の影響を調査した。実施例35~37、比較例28~30では、第1ハニカム体4A及び第2ハニカム体4Bの直径を80mm、軸方向長さを40mmとした。その他のパラメータは表3及び4に示す通りに設定した。実施例1と同様の製造方法で触媒コンバータを製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で試験を行い、触媒コンバータの構造耐久性を調査した。
Claims (5)
- 複数のハニカム体から構成され、車両の排気ガスを浄化するために用いられる触媒担持用基材であって、
前記複数のハニカム体は、各ハニカム体の中心軸が略一致するように並んで配置され、
前記複数のハニカム体のうち、最も排気ガス入側に近い位置に配置される第1ハニカム体の金属箔には、貫通穴が多数形成され、残りの他のハニカム体の金属箔には、貫通穴が形成されておらず、
前記第1ハニカム体を、軸方向において、前記貫通穴が形成された開口領域と、前記開口領域の排気ガス入側端部から前記第1ハニカム体の排気ガス入側縁部までの第1非開口領域と、前記開口領域の排気ガス出側端部から前記第1ハニカム体の排気ガス出側縁部までの第2非開口領域と、に領域分けしたとき、前記第1非開口領域の軸方向における長さが2mm以上10mm以下、前記第2非開口領域の軸方向における長さが10mm以下であり、
前記軸方向において、前記第1ハニカム体と隣り合うハニカム体を第2ハニカム体と定義したとき、
前記第1ハニカム体及び前記第2ハニカム体は、軸方向に離隔しており、
前記第1ハニカム体と前記第2ハニカム体との軸方向における離隔距離は、2mm以上20mm以下であり、
前記複数のハニカム体の軸方向長さの和に対する、前記開口領域の軸方向長さの割合は、20%以上80%以下である
ことを特徴とする、触媒担持用基材。 - 前記第1ハニカム体と前記第2ハニカム体との軸方向における離隔距離は、2mm以上10mm未満である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担持用基材。 - 前記第2非開口領域の軸方向における長さは、前記第1非開口領域の軸方向における長さより長い
ことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の触媒担持用基材。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1つに記載の触媒担持用基材と、
前記触媒担持用基材を収容する外筒と、
を備えることを特徴とする、ハニカムユニット。 - 請求項4に記載のハニカムユニットと、
前記複数のハニカム体に担持された触媒と、
を備えることを特徴とする、触媒コンバータ。
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JPH06320014A (ja) | 1993-03-17 | 1994-11-22 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | メタル担体 |
JPH07208154A (ja) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-08-08 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | 自己発熱型メタル担体 |
JPH07279652A (ja) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-10-27 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒装置 |
JP2011156505A (ja) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-18 | Nippon Steel Materials Co Ltd | 触媒担体 |
WO2021070691A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-15 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 排気ガスの浄化に用いられるハニカムユニット及びハニカムユニットの製造方法 |
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EP4427839A1 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
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