WO2023103186A1 - 一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具及其检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具及其检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023103186A1
WO2023103186A1 PCT/CN2022/077960 CN2022077960W WO2023103186A1 WO 2023103186 A1 WO2023103186 A1 WO 2023103186A1 CN 2022077960 W CN2022077960 W CN 2022077960W WO 2023103186 A1 WO2023103186 A1 WO 2023103186A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
conveyor belt
workpiece
photosensitive
inspected
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/077960
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王匀
任立辉
李富柱
许桢英
张昆
倪旺
严莹
刘为力
何培瑜
丁旭
Original Assignee
江苏大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to GB2209102.9A priority Critical patent/GB2605336B/en
Priority to US17/787,346 priority patent/US20240183747A1/en
Publication of WO2023103186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023103186A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
    • B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of detection and relates to a detection tool for a coaxial relationship, which detects the coaxiality of two through holes on the same workpiece to be detected.
  • Concentricity refers to the maximum variation allowed by the central axis of the measured actual hole relative to the reference axis, which is reflected in the non-concentricity of the center of the circle on the cross section.
  • Various precision parts often involve holes with coaxial relationship and related assembly during operation and installation. The coaxial relationship has a great influence on the quality, work efficiency and service life of products and projects. Excessive deviation of the coaxiality between the shaft holes will cause deformation and jamming of the matching parts of the shaft holes, and even cause the parts to break under high-speed operation conditions, and will increase the friction during the transmission process, affecting the use of parts And life, causing the vibration noise of the whole machine to increase.
  • the traditional coaxial relationship detection method needs to make a standard detection pin and cooperate with the dial indicator for detection.
  • the positioning reference needs to be changed many times, and the positioning error is large.
  • the dial indicator is manually operated and read by the measuring personnel, which is inefficient and has large measurement errors.
  • the aperture is too small, it is very difficult to detect the coaxial relationship.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the existing coaxial relationship detection, and provide a coaxial relationship rapid inspection tool and its detection method based on photosensitive materials, which can realize efficient, automatic and accurate detection of the coaxial relationship of workpieces.
  • the technical solution adopted by the coaxial relationship rapid inspection tool based on photosensitive materials is: the top plate of the light-shielding box is provided with an inlet, the bottom plate and the left side plate are respectively provided with an outlet, and the outer left side is placed below In the warehouse for defective products, the warehouse for defective products is placed directly below the exit of the left panel, and the warehouse for genuine products is placed directly below the outlet of the bottom plate.
  • the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt are arranged parallel to each other and arranged at intervals from one left to the other in the light-shielding box.
  • the horizontally arranged first servo motor output shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the first conveyor belt driving shaft, the lower end of the first conveyor belt is wound on the first conveyor belt driving shaft, and the upper end is wound on the first conveyor belt driven shaft;
  • the output shaft of the servo motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the driving shaft of the second conveyor belt, the lower end of the second conveyor belt is wound on the driving shaft of the second conveyor belt, and the upper end is wound on the driven shaft of the second conveyor belt;
  • the outer surface of the second conveyor belt is fixed in the middle Connect a photosensitive plate, the photosensitive plate is perpendicular to the outer surface of the second conveyor belt; around the outer surface of the first conveyor belt, connect several U-shaped support plates at equal intervals for supporting the workpiece to be inspected, and the two sides of the U-shaped Arranged front and back, the support plate is perpendicular to the outer surface of the first conveyor belt, the two shaft holes of the workpiece to be inspected are respectively located on the U-shaped side plates of the support
  • a first light source and a second light source are arranged on the rear side plate inside the light-shielding box, the first light source and the second light source are symmetrical about the photosensitive plate, and the first camera and the second camera are symmetrical about the photosensitive plate;
  • the first position sensor is set at the same height, and the second position sensor is set at the exit position of the left side plate; the first camera and the second camera are connected to the image processing unit through signal lines, and the output terminal of the image processing unit
  • the control unit is connected via a signal line, and the first servo motor, the second servo motor, the cylinder, the first position sensor, the second position sensor, the first light source, and the second light source are all controlled by corresponding signal lines or control lines. unit connection.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the detection method of a coaxial relationship rapid inspection tool based on photosensitive materials includes the following steps:
  • Step A the control unit controls the first servo motor and the second servo motor to work simultaneously, so that the movement directions of the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt are opposite, the support plate moves with the first conveyor belt, and the photosensitive plate rotates with the second conveyor belt;
  • Step B Place the workpiece to be inspected on the uppermost support plate from the entrance, and the first conveyor belt drives the workpiece to be inspected near the photosensitive plate to move downward.
  • the control unit controls the first servo motor and the second servo motor to stop working;
  • Step C The control unit controls the first light source to illuminate the front shaft hole of the two shaft holes from the front side of the workpiece to be inspected, and the second light source to shine on the rear shaft hole from the rear side, forming a circle on the front and rear surfaces of the photosensitive plate pattern;
  • Step D the control unit controls the first camera to capture the circular pattern on the front surface of the photosensitive plate, the second camera to capture the circular pattern on the rear surface of the photosensitive plate, the image processing unit calculates the center coordinates of the two circles, and judges the two circular patterns Whether the coaxial relationship meets the tolerance requirements:
  • Step E The control unit controls the first servo motor and the second servo motor to work again.
  • the second position sensor detects that the workpiece to be inspected has moved to the left side of the light shielding box
  • the first servo motor and the second servo motor stop working, and the control unit controls the output rod of the cylinder to pass through the common through hole to the left and push the workpiece to be inspected to make it fall into the defective product bin; otherwise , when the coaxial relationship meets the tolerance requirements, when the support plate on which the workpiece to be inspected is placed rotates to a vertical state, the workpiece to be inspected will fall from the outlet of the bottom plate into the genuine product bin under the action of gravity.
  • the inspection tool of the present invention utilizes the principle that the photosensitive resin will immediately cause a polymerization reaction under the irradiation of the light source, and the photosensitive plate coated with the photosensitive resin is placed between two holes, and both sides are irradiated by the light source, and the circle formed on the photosensitive plate is calculated.
  • the coordinates of the circle center of the shape pattern can accurately obtain the coaxial relationship between the two holes, which greatly improves the detection efficiency and detection accuracy.
  • the inspection tool of the present invention has a wide range of applications, and is suitable for detecting the coaxial relationship of various workpieces to be inspected relative to two through holes, and has strong practicability in actual use.
  • An image processing unit and a control unit are installed on the outside of the light-shielding box in the inspection tool of the present invention, and a light source, a camera, a sensor and a cylinder are installed in the light-shielding box, and the data of the coaxial relationship of the workpiece to be inspected is fed back by the image processing unit, and the control unit
  • the cylinder is controlled to start working, and the output rod of the cylinder extends outwards to remove the workpieces whose coaxial relationship does not meet the requirements.
  • the detection method has a high degree of automation. It can be completed automatically to realize the rapid detection of the coaxial relationship of the workpiece to be inspected, improve the detection efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the operator, and reduce the operation error.
  • Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the workpiece to be inspected
  • Fig. 2 is an axonometric view of the outline structure of a coaxial relationship quick-check tool based on photosensitive material in the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a front sectional view of Figure 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the A-A direction of Fig. 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 4 along the B-B direction;
  • FIG. 1 the overall structure of a common workpiece 23 to be inspected is U-shaped.
  • FIG. 1 uses a wheel fork as an example to describe the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the U-shaped rear side plate 2301 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected is parallel to the front side plate 2302, and each of the rear side plate 2301 and the front side plate 2302 has a shaft hole, which is respectively the rear shaft hole 2303 and the front shaft hole 2304.
  • What the invention will detect is the coaxiality of the rear axle hole 2303 and the front axle hole 2304.
  • the present invention is a kind of coaxial relationship rapid inspection tool based on photosensitive material, which has a light-shielding box 1, and the inside of the light-shielding box 1 is a dark room.
  • a defective product bin 14 is placed on the outer left side of the light-shielding box 1, and a genuine product bin 15 is placed under the outer side of the light-shielding box 1.
  • the workpieces 23 to be inspected that pass the test fall from the light-shielding box 1 and then enter the genuine product bin 15, and the unqualified ones are detected.
  • the workpiece 23 to be inspected falls into the defective product bin 14 after being pushed out from the light-shielding box 1 .
  • An inlet is provided on the top plate of the light-shielding box 1, an outlet is respectively arranged at the base plate and the left side plate, and the light-shielding cloth is used to block the light at the inlet and the two outlets.
  • What is placed directly below the bottom outlet is a genuine product warehouse 15, and what is placed directly below the outlet at the left side plate place is a defective product warehouse 14.
  • Each shading cloth is divided into two pieces, a magnet 2 is installed on one piece, and an iron block 5 is installed on the other piece. When the shading cloth covers the entrance or exit, the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 are attracted to each other, so that the shading cloth blocks the light.
  • the inlet and outlet are opened, the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 are temporarily separated.
  • the first shading cloth 8 is connected to the entrance, and the first shading cloth 8 is divided into a front unit 801 of the first shading cloth and a rear unit 802 of the first shading cloth fixedly connected on the shading box 1 .
  • the second shading cloth 13 is connected to the exit of the left side plate, and the second shading cloth 13 is divided into a second shading cloth upper unit 1301 and a second shading cloth lower unit 1302 fixedly connected to the shading box 1 .
  • Several magnets 2 are fixed on the side edges of the front monomer 801 of the first shade cloth and the upper monomer 1301 of the second shade cloth, and several magnets 2 are fixed on the side edges of the monomer 802 behind the first shade cloth and the lower monomer 1302 of the second shade cloth.
  • Iron block 5 The third light-shielding cloth 16 is arranged at the exit of the bottom, and the structure of the third light-shielding cloth 16 is the same as that of the first light-shielding cloth 8 .
  • the first shading cloth left unit 801 and the first shading cloth right unit 802 are manually separated.
  • the first shading cloth 8 The magnet 2 on the top and the iron block 5 are attracted to each other so that the side edges of the front unit 801 of the first shading cloth and the rear unit 802 of the first shading cloth are in contact, and the top entrance of the shading box 1 is restored to the closed state.
  • the upper unit 1301 of the second shading cloth and the lower unit 1302 of the second shading cloth are separated.
  • the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 are attracted to each other so that the side edges of the upper unit 1301 of the second shading cloth and the lower unit 1302 of the second shading cloth are in contact, and the outlet on the left side plate is restored to the closed state.
  • the magnet 2 on the third shading cloth 16 and the iron block 5 are attracted to each other to restore the closed state of the bottom outlet.
  • the attraction force between the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 is less than the weight of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, so that when the workpiece 23 to be inspected falls, under the gravity of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, the third shading cloth 16 at the bottom exit will The magnet 2 is separated from the iron block 5.
  • first conveyor belt 21 and a second conveyor belt 11 Inside the light-shielding box 1 , there are a first conveyor belt 21 and a second conveyor belt 11 parallel to each other, and the second conveyor belt 11 and the first conveyor belt 21 are arranged at intervals from one left to the other.
  • the lower end of the first conveyor belt 21 is wound around the first conveyor belt driving shaft 17 , and the upper end of the first conveyor belt 21 is wound around the first conveyor belt driven shaft 22 .
  • the lower end of the second conveyor belt 11 is wound on the second conveyor belt driving shaft 12 , and the upper end of the second conveyor belt 11 is wound on the second conveyor belt driven shaft 9 .
  • the four shafts, the first conveyor belt driving shaft 17 and the first conveyor belt driven shaft 22, the second conveyor belt driving shaft 12 and the second conveyor belt driven shaft 9, are arranged horizontally along the front and rear directions, and are connected to the front and rear of the light shielding box 1 through bearings.
  • one end of the first conveyor drive shaft 17 extends out of the side plate of the light-shielding box 1 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first servo motor 3 arranged horizontally in the front and rear directions
  • one end of the second conveyor drive shaft 12 Stretch out the outside of the side plate of the light-shielding box 1 and fix and connect the output shaft of the second servo motor 7 arranged horizontally in the front and rear direction coaxially.
  • the motor housing of the first servo motor 3 is fixedly connected on the side plate outer surface of the light-shielding box 1 by the first servo motor mounting plate 4, and the motor housing of the second servo motor 7 is fixed by the second servo motor mounting plate 6 Connected to the outer surface of the side plate of the light shielding box 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows is that the front ends of the first conveyor belt drive shaft 17 and the second conveyor belt drive shaft 12 stretch out from the outside of the front side plate of the light-shielding box 1 and are respectively fixedly connected with the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7.
  • the motor mounting plate 4 and the second servo motor mounting plate 6 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the front side plate of the light shielding box 1 .
  • the moving directions of the first conveyor belt 21 and the second conveyor belt 11 are opposite.
  • the first conveyor belt 21 drives the workpiece 23 to be inspected to move from top to bottom
  • the second conveyor belt 11 drives the side of the photosensitive plate 10 adjacent to the workpiece 23 to be inspected upward. move.
  • a photosensitive plate 10 is fixedly connected in the middle of the front-to-back direction of the outer surface of the second conveyor belt 11.
  • the photosensitive plate 10 is a closed ellipse, wraps around the second conveyor belt 11, fits the outer surface of the second conveyor belt 11, and is vertical
  • the outer surface of the second conveyor belt 11 rotates synchronously with the second conveyor belt 11 .
  • the support plate 20 is U-shaped, and the U-shaped bottom of the support plate 20 is fixedly connected to the first conveyor belt 21.
  • the support plate 20 is used to support the U-shaped workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the U-shaped two side plates of the plate 20 are arranged front and back, and the two side plates just support the front side plate 2302 and the rear side plate 2301 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, that is, the front side plate 2302 and the rear side plate 230 are located on the support plate 20
  • the two side panels of the U shape are directly above.
  • the U-shaped two sides of the support plate 20 are preferably made into L-shaped, so that the workpiece 23 to be inspected can be positioned.
  • the support plate 20 faces the second conveyor belt 11 and the photosensitive plate 10 , it is just in a horizontal state.
  • the U-shaped opening of the support plate 20 and the workpiece 23 faces the second conveyor belt 11 and the photosensitive plate 10 .
  • the photosensitive plate 10 stretches to the right in the middle of the U-shaped opening, and blocks the workpiece 23 to be inspected in the front-to-back direction.
  • the thickness of the photosensitive plate 10 in the front-to-back direction is much smaller than the front-to-back distance of the U-shaped opening of the workpiece 23 to be inspected. All be coated with photosensitive resin on the front and back surface of photosensitive plate 10, like this, can cause polymerization reaction at once under light source irradiation, the photosensitive resin that is in the dark place then keeps the original state.
  • each support plate 20 and the joint with the first conveyor belt 21 have a common through hole, inside the first conveyor belt 21, and at the same height position as the outlet of the left side plate of the light shielding box 1 Cylinder 19, the cylinder block of cylinder 19 is fixed on the cylinder mounting plate 18, and the cylinder mounting plate 18 is fixed on the inner rear side plate of the shading box 1, the cylinder 19 is at the same height as the outlet of the left side plate of the shading box 1, and the output rod of the cylinder 19 Towards the middle of the outlet of the left side plate of the light-shielding box 1, when the common through hole on the support plate 20 and the first conveyor belt 21 moves to the same height as the output rod of the cylinder 19, the output rod of the cylinder 19 moves to the left and stretches out the common through hole.
  • the unqualified workpieces 23 to be inspected on the support plate 20 are pushed to the exit of the left side plate of the light-shielding box 1, and are used to remove the workpieces 23 to be inspected whose coaxial relationship does not meet the requirements.
  • the output rod of air cylinder 19 leaves a distance with the first conveyor belt 21 inner side surface in contracted state, does not affect the motion of first conveyor belt 21.
  • a first light source 27 is arranged on the inner front side plate of the light shielding box 1 , and a first camera 25 is arranged at a certain distance directly above the first light source 27 .
  • a second light source 26 is provided at a position corresponding to the same height as the first light source 27 on the inner rear side plate of the light shielding box 1 .
  • the positions of the first light source 27 and the second light source 26 are opposite to the front shaft hole 2304 and the rear shaft hole 2303 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • a second camera 24 is arranged at the same height facing the first camera 25, and a first position sensor 28 is arranged at the same height as the first light source 27 and the second light source 26.
  • a second position sensor 29 is arranged at the exit position of the left side plate of the light shielding box 1 .
  • the vertical distance between two upper and lower adjacent support plates 20 on the first conveyor belt 21 is greater than the distance between the first light source 27 and the first camera 25 or greater than the vertical distance between the second light source 26 and the second camera 24 .
  • the support plate 20 can position the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the height of the upper ends of the two sides is lower than the lowermost ends of the front shaft hole 2304 and the rear shaft hole 2303 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, so as to ensure that the support plate 20 does not block the light emitted by the first light source 27 through the front of the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the shaft hole 2304 , the light emitted by the second light source 26 passes through the rear shaft hole 2303 .
  • the vertical distance between the first light source 27 and the first camera 25 is greater than the vertical height of the rear straight plate 2301 or the front straight plate 2302 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, and the second camera 24 and the second light source 26 are on the same line in the vertical direction.
  • the vertical distance between the second light source 26 and the second camera 24 is equal to the vertical distance between the first light source 27 and the first camera 25 .
  • the first light source 27 and the second light source 26 are arranged at the same height and symmetrically with respect to the photosensitive plate 10
  • the first camera 25 and the second camera 24 are arranged at the same height and symmetrically with respect to the photosensitive plate 10 .
  • Both the first light source 27 and the second light source 26 are linear lights, and the luminous range is slightly larger than the area of the rear shaft hole 2303 or the front shaft hole 2304 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the first light source 27 passes through the front shaft hole 2304 from the front and illuminates the On the front surface of the photosensitive plate 10
  • the second light source 26 passes through the rear axis hole 2303 to irradiate the rear surface of the photosensitive plate 10 from behind, forming two circular patterns on the areas illuminated by light on the front and rear surfaces of the photosensitive plate 10 .
  • Both the first camera 25 and the second camera 24 are connected to the image processing unit 30 through the signal line, and the output end of the image processing unit 30 is connected to the control unit 31 through the signal line.
  • the first servo motor 3, the second servo motor 7, the cylinder 19, the first position sensor 28, the second position sensor 29, the first light source 27, and the second light source 26 are all controlled by corresponding signal lines or control lines.
  • Unit 31 is connected.
  • the image processing unit 30 and the control unit 31 are arranged outside the light shielding box 1 .
  • the control unit 31 controls the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7 to start working simultaneously, the first servo motor 3 drives the first conveyor belt drive shaft 17 to rotate and drives the first conveyor belt 21 around the first conveyor belt drive shaft 17 and the first conveyor belt from The moving shaft 22 rotates, the support plate 20 moves with the first conveyor belt 21, the second servo motor 7 drives the second conveyor belt driving shaft 12 to rotate and drives the second conveyor belt 11 to rotate around the second conveyor belt driving shaft 12 and the second conveyor belt driven shaft 9
  • the photosensitive plate 10 is located on the second conveyor belt 11 and rotates with the second conveyor belt 11, so that the first conveyor belt 21 and the second conveyor belt 11 move in opposite directions.
  • the first conveyor belt 21 drives the support plate 20 close to the photosensitive plate 10 to move to the uppermost end and is in a horizontal state
  • the workpiece to be inspected 23 is placed on the support plate 20 at the uppermost end, so that the front straight plate 2302 and the rear straight plate 2301 of the workpiece 23 to be inspected are in contact with the two side plates of the support plate 20 without gaps, and the positions of the front shaft hole 2304 and the rear shaft hole 2303 are respectively located on the support plate 20
  • the U-shaped bottom of the workpiece 23 to be inspected is brought into contact with the U-shaped bottom of the support plate 20 on the two side plates, so that the workpiece 23 to be inspected can be positioned.
  • the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 on the first light-shielding cloth 8 are attracted to each other, and the top entrance of the light-shielding box 1 returns to the closed state.
  • the first conveyor belt 21 drives the workpiece 23 to be inspected near the photosensitive plate 10 to move downward, and at the same time, the photosensitive plate 10 moves upward near the side of the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the first position sensor 28 is triggered, and the first position sensor 28 detects the position of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, and transmits the detected signal to the control unit 31, and the control unit 31 controls the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7 to stop working, and the corresponding first conveyor belt 21 and the second conveyor belt 11 stop working, so that the workpiece 23 to be inspected and the photosensitive plate 10 are in a static state.
  • the control unit 31 controls the first light source 27 and the second light source 26 to start emitting light.
  • the first light source 27 shines on the front shaft hole 2304 from the front side of the workpiece 23 to be inspected
  • the second light source 26 shines on the rear shaft hole 2303 from the rear side.
  • the light passes through the front axle hole 2304 and the rear axle hole 2303 of the wheel fork from both sides and shines on the front and rear sides of the photosensitive plate 10, and the photosensitive resin coated on the front and rear surfaces of the photosensitive plate 10 will immediately cause polymerization reaction under the irradiation of the light source.
  • the photosensitive resin in the dark remains in its original state, forming a circular pattern on the front and rear sides of the photosensitive plate 10 respectively.
  • the control unit 31 controls the first camera 25 and the second camera 24 to start working simultaneously, the first camera 25 photographs the circular pattern on the front surface of the photosensitive plate 10, the second camera 24 photographs the circular pattern on the rear surface of the photosensitive plate 10, and the pattern
  • the information is sent to the image processing unit 30, and the center coordinates of the two circles are calculated by the image processing unit 30 to obtain the coaxial relationship between the rear axle hole 2303 and the front axle hole 2304, and judge whether the measured coaxial relationship is Meet tolerance requirements.
  • the control unit 31 judges that the coaxial relationship does not meet the tolerance requirements, the control unit 31 controls the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7 to start working simultaneously, driving the workpiece 23 to be inspected to move downward and the photosensitive plate 10 to rotate.
  • the second position sensor 29 is triggered, and the second position sensor 29 detects the position of the workpiece 23 to be inspected, and sends a signal to the control unit 31, and the control unit 31 issues an instruction , control the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7 to stop working, so that the workpiece 23 to be inspected and the photosensitive plate 10 are both in a static state.
  • the control unit 31 controls the cylinder 19 to start working, and the output rod of the cylinder 19 passes through the common through hole on the support plate 20 and the first conveyor belt 21 to the left, and then pushes the workpiece 23 to be inspected.
  • the second The shading cloth 13 is separated, and the workpiece 23 to be inspected is pushed out through the outlet of the left side plate of the shading box 1 and falls into the defective product bin 14 .
  • the magnet 2 on the second light-shielding cloth 13 and the iron block 5 are attracted to each other, so that the second light-shielding cloth 13 closes the left side panel exit of the light-shielding box 1 .
  • the control unit 31 judges that the coaxial relationship meets the tolerance requirements, issues an instruction to control the first servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 7 to start working at the same time, and the first servo motor 3 drives the first conveyor drive shaft 17 Rotate, the support plate 20 rotates with the first conveyor belt 21, and drives the workpiece 23 to be inspected to move downward. Under the action of its own gravity, the third shading cloth 16 is separated, and falls into the authentic product compartment 15 through the outlet at the bottom of the shading box 1 . After the workpiece 23 to be inspected passes through, the magnet 2 and the iron block 5 on the third shading cloth 16 attract each other, so that the outlet at the bottom of the shading box 1 returns to the closed state.
  • the second servo motor 7 continues to drive the second conveyor belt drive shaft 12 to rotate and drives the second conveyor belt 11 to rotate around the second conveyor belt drive shaft 12 and the second conveyor belt driven shaft 9 .
  • the photosensitive plate 10 is located on the second conveyor belt 11 and rotates with the second conveyor belt 11 . In such a cycle, the detection of the next workpiece 23 to be inspected is carried out.

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  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具及其检测方法，对同一个待检工件(23)上的两个通孔的同轴度进行检测，在遮光箱(1)外侧安装有图像处理单元(30)和控制单元(31)，遮光箱(1)内安装有光源(26,27)、摄像机(24,25)、传感器(28,29)和气缸(19)，将涂有光敏树脂的光敏板(10)置于两孔之间，两侧经光源照射，通过计算光敏板(10)上形成的圆形图案圆心坐标，可以准确地得到两孔之间的同轴关系，控制气缸(19)输出杆向外伸出将同轴关系不符合要求的待检工件(23)进行剔除，当同轴关系满足公差要求时，待检工件(23)转动到竖直状态时，在重力作用下从底板出口掉落到正品仓(15)中；从待检工件(23)进入遮光箱(1)到检测待检工件(23)、剔除次品都可自动完成，实现对待检工件(23)同轴关系的快速检测，提高检测效率和检测精度。

Description

一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具及其检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于检测技术领域，涉及同轴关系的检测工具，对同一个待检工件上的两个通孔的同轴度进行检测。
背景技术
同轴度是指被测实际孔的中心轴线相对于基准轴线所允许的最大变动量，反映在横截面上是圆心的不同心。各种精密零件在运行和安装过程中经常涉及具有同轴关系的孔以及相关的装配，同轴关系对产品和工程的质量、工作效率和使用寿命有很大影响。轴孔之间同轴度偏差过大，会导致轴孔配合的零件发生变形，出现卡死，在高速运转条件下甚至会导致零件断裂，而且会增大传动过程中的摩擦，影响零件的使用和寿命，造成整个机器的振动噪声升高。
传统的同轴关系检测方法是需要制作标准的检测销轴配合百分表进行检测，检测同轴关系时需要多次改变定位基准，定位误差大，而且对于不同的工件，由于孔径不同，就需要专门的检测销轴，适用范围窄。同时，百分表由测量人员手动操作并读数，效率低下，测量误差大。另外如果孔径过小，进行同轴关系检测就非常困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有同轴关系检测中存在的问题，提供一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具及其检测方法，能实现高效、自动且准确检测工件的同轴关系。
为实现上述目的，本发明一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具所采用的技术方案是：遮光箱的顶板设有进口，底板和左侧板处各设置一个出口，外部左侧下方放置次品仓，左侧板处出口的正下方放置次品仓，底板出口的正下方放置正品仓，遮光箱内设有相互平行且一左一右间隔布置的第一传送带和第二传送带，前后水平布置的第一伺服电机输出轴同轴心地固定连接第一传送带主动轴，第一传送带下端绕在第一传送带主动轴上，上端绕在第一传送带从动轴上；前后水平布置的第二伺服电机的输出轴同轴心地固定连接第二传送带主动轴，第二传送带下端绕在第二传送带主动轴上，上端绕在第二传送带从动轴上；第二传送带外表面正中间一圈固定连接一个光敏板，光敏板垂直于第二传送带外表面；绕第 一传送带外表面一圈上等间隔固定连接若干个用于支撑待检工件的U型的支撑板，U型的两个侧侧前后布置，支撑板和第一传送带的外表面相垂直，待检工件的两个轴孔分别位于支撑板的U型两侧板上，光敏板向右侧伸在U型开口的正中间，遮挡住所述的两个轴孔，所述的两个轴孔与光敏板的前后距离相等；每个支撑板的U型底部以及与第一传送带的连接处都开有一个共同通孔，与所述的左侧板出口在同一高度处设置有气缸，气缸的输出杆朝向所述的左侧板出口；遮光箱内部前侧板上布置有第一光源，第一光源的正上方间设置第一摄像机，遮光箱内部后侧板上设置第一光源和第二光源，第一光源和第二光源关于光敏板前后对称，第一摄像机和第二摄像机关于光敏板前后对称；与第一光源、第二光源同一高度处设置第一位置传感器，在所述的左侧板出口位置处设置第二位置传感器；所述的第一摄像机和第二摄像机均经信号线连接图像处理单元，图像处理单元的输出端经信号线连接控制单元，所述的第一伺服电机、第二伺服电机、气缸、第一位置传感器、第二位置传感器、第一光源、第二光源均经相应的信号线或控制线和控制单元连接。
所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具的检测方法采用的技术方案是包括以下步骤：
步骤A：控制单元控制第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机同时工作，使第一传送带和第二传送带的运动方向相反，支撑板随第一传送带移动，光敏板随第二传送带转动；
步骤B：从进口处将待检工件放置在最上端的支撑板上，第一传送带驱动靠近光敏板侧的待检工件向下移动，当第一位置传感器检测到待检工件的两个轴孔与第一光源和第二光源处于同一高度时，控制单元控制第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机停止工作；
步骤C：控制单元控制第一光源从待检工件的前侧照向两个轴孔中的前轴孔，第二光源从后侧照向后轴孔，光敏板前后表面上各形成一个圆形图案；
步骤D：控制单元控制第一摄像机拍摄光敏板前表面的圆形图案，第二摄像机拍摄光敏板后表面的圆形图案，图像处理单元计算出两个圆形的中心坐标，判断两个圆形的同轴关系是否满足公差要求：
步骤E：控制单元控制第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机再次工作，当控制单元判断 出的同轴关系不满足公差要求时，且第二位置传感器检测到待检工件移动到和遮光箱左侧板出口处于同一高度时，第一伺服电机和第二伺服电机停止工作，控制单元控制气缸的输出杆向左经过所述的共同通孔后推动待检工件使其掉入次品仓内；反之，当同轴关系满足公差要求时，放置有待检工件的支撑板转动到竖直状态时，待检工件在重力作用下从底板出口掉落到正品仓中。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明检具利用光敏树脂在光源照射下会立刻引起聚合反应的原理，将涂有光敏树脂的光敏板置于两孔之间，两侧经光源照射，通过计算光敏板上形成的圆形图案圆心坐标，可以准确地得到两孔之间的同轴关系，极大提高了检测效率和检测精度。
2.本发明检具适用范围广，适用于各种待检工件相对两通孔的同轴关系检测，在实际使用时实用性强。
3.本发明检具中的遮光箱外侧安装有图像处理单元和控制单元，遮光箱内安装有光源、摄像机、传感器和气缸，通过图像处理单元反馈的待检工件同轴关系的数据，控制单元控制气缸开始工作，气缸输出杆向外伸出将同轴关系不符合要求的待检工件进行剔除，检测方法的自动化程度高，从待检工件进入遮光箱到检测待检工件、剔除次品都可自动完成，实现对待检工件同轴关系的快速检测，提高检测效率，降低操作人员的劳动强度，减少操作误差。
附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明：
图1为待检工件的立体图；
图2为本发明一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具的外形结构轴测图；
图3为图2的正面剖视图；
图4为图3沿A-A方向的剖面示意图；
图5为图4沿B-B方向的剖面示意图；
图中：1-遮光箱；2-磁铁；3-第一伺服电机；4-第一伺服电机安装板；5-铁块；6-第二伺服电机安装板；7-第二伺服电机；8-第一遮光布；9-第二传送带从动轴；10-光敏板；11-第二传送带；12-第二传送带主动轴；13-第二遮光布；14-次品仓；15-正品仓；16-第三遮光布；17-第一传送带主动轴；18-气缸安装板；19-气缸； 20-支撑板；21-第一传送带；22-第一传送带从动轴；23-待检工件；24-第二摄像机；25-第一摄像机；26-第二光源；27-第一光源；28-第一位置传感器；29-第二位置传感器；30-图像处理单元；31-控制单元；801-第一遮光布前单体；802-第一遮光布后单体；1301-第二遮光布上单体；1302-第二遮光布下单体；2301后直板；2302-前直板；2303-后轴孔；2304-前轴孔。
具体实施方式
参见图1，通常的待检工件23整体结构为U型，图1以轮叉作为待检工件23为例来描述。待检工件23的U型的后侧板2301和前侧板2302相平行，后侧板2301和前侧板2302上各开有一个轴孔，分别是后轴孔2303和前轴孔2304，本发明要检测的是后轴孔2303和前轴孔2304的同轴度。
参见图2、图3、图4和图5所示，本发明一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，具有一个遮光箱1，遮光箱1的内部是暗室。在遮光箱1的外部左侧下方放置次品仓14，遮光箱1的外部下方放置正品仓15，检测合格的待检工件23从遮光箱1内下落后进入正品仓15中，检测不合格的待检工件23从遮光箱1内被推出后落入次品仓14中。
遮光箱1顶板设置有一个进口，底板和左侧板处各设置一个出口，一个进口和两个出口处都用遮光布遮挡光线。底部出口的正下方放置的是正品仓15，左侧板处出口的正下方放置的是次品仓14。每个遮光布被中分为两片，一片上安装磁铁2，另一片上安装铁块5，当遮光布遮挡进口或者出口时，磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合，使遮光布遮挡光线，当进口和出口打开时，磁铁2和铁块5暂时分离。具体是：进口处连接的是第一遮光布8，第一遮光布8分为固定连接在遮光箱1上的第一遮光布前单体801和第一遮光布后单体802。左侧板出口处连接的是第二遮光布13，第二遮光布13分为固定连接在遮光箱1上的第二遮光布上单体1301和第二遮光布下单体1302。在第一遮光布前单体801和第二遮光布上单体1301的侧边缘固定有数个磁铁2，在第一遮光布后单体802和第二遮光布下单体1302的侧边缘固定有数个铁块5。底部出口处设置的是第三遮光布16，第三遮光布16的结构和第一遮光布8的结构相同。
待检工件23通过顶部进口放入遮光箱1内时，人工手动将第一遮光布左单体801和第一遮光布右单体802分开，待检工件23放入后，第一遮光布8上 的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合使第一遮光布前单体801和第一遮光布后单体802的侧边缘相接触，使遮光箱1顶部进口恢复闭合状态。同轴关系不满足要求的待检工件23通过左侧板出口时，第二遮光布上单体1301和第二遮光布下单体1302分开，待检工件23通过后，第二遮光布13上的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合使第二遮光布上单体1301和第二遮光布下单体1302侧边缘相接触，使左侧板出口恢复闭合状态。同理，同轴关系符合要求的待检工件23通过底部出口后，第三遮光布16上的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合使底部出口恢复闭合状态。
磁铁2和铁块5之间的吸合力要小于待检工件23的重量，这样，待检工件23掉落时，在待检工件23的重力作用下，底部出口处的第三遮光布16上的磁铁2和铁块5分离。
在遮光箱1内，设有相互平行的第一传送带21和第二传送带11，第二传送带11和第一传送带21一左一右有间隔地布置。
第一传送带21下端绕在第一传送带主动轴17上，第一传送带21上端绕过第一传送带从动轴22。第二传送带11的下端绕在第二传送带主动轴12上，第二传送带11的上端绕在第二传送带从动轴9上。
第一传送带主动轴17和第一传送带从动轴22、第二传送带主动轴12和第二传送带从动轴9这四根轴均沿前后方向水平布置，均通过轴承连接于遮光箱1的前后两侧板上，第一传送带主动轴17的一端伸出遮光箱1的侧板外部后同轴心地固定连接前后方向水平布置的第一伺服电机3的输出轴，第二传送带主动轴12的一端伸出遮光箱1的侧板外部后同轴心地固定连接前后方向水平布置的第二伺服电机7的输出轴，由第一伺服电机3带动第一传送带主动轴17旋转，由第二伺服电机7带动第二传送带主动轴12旋转。第一伺服电机3的电机壳体通过第一伺服电机安装板4固定连接在遮光箱1的侧板外表面上，第二伺服电机7的电机壳体通过第二伺服电机安装板6固定连接在遮光箱1的侧板外表面上。图2示出的是第一传送带主动轴17、第二传送带主动轴12的前端伸出遮光箱1的前侧板外部后分别固定连接第一伺服电机3、第二伺服电机7，第一伺服电机安装板4和第二伺服电机安装板6固定连接在遮光箱1的前侧板外表面上。
所述的第一传送带21和第二传送带11的运动方向相反，第一传送带21带动待检工件23由上往下运动，第二传送带11带动光敏板10与待检工件23 相邻一侧向上移动。
在第二传送带11外表面的前后方向的正中间一圈固定连接一个光敏板10，光敏板10为封闭的椭圆形，绕第二传送带11一周，和第二传送带11的外表面相契合，并且垂直于第二传送带11的外表面，与第二传送带11同步旋转。
绕第一传送带21的外表面一圈上等间隔地固定连接若干个支撑板20，支撑板20和第一传送带21的外表面相垂直。支撑板20呈U型，支撑板20的U型底部和第一传送带21固定连接，支撑板20用于支撑U型的待检工件23，待检工件23水平置放在支撑板20上，支撑板20的U型的两个侧板前后布置，两个侧板正好支撑着待检工件23的前侧板2302和后侧板2301，也就是前侧板2302和后侧板230位于支撑板20的U型的两个侧板正上方。支撑板20的U型两个侧边最好做成L型，可以对待检工件23进行定位。当支撑板20面对着第二传送带11和光敏板10时，正好在水平状态，此时支撑板20和待检工件23的U型开口朝向第二传送带11和光敏板10。光敏板10向右侧伸在U型开口的正中间，在前后方向上，遮挡住待检工件23的，前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303与光敏板10的前后距离相等。
光敏板10在前后方向的厚度要远小于待检工件23的U型开口的前后距离，光敏板10在左右方向的宽度可以足够遮挡前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303。在光敏板10的前后表面都涂有光敏树脂，这样，在光源照射下会立刻引起聚合反应，处在暗处的光敏树脂则保持原状。
第一传送带21和第二传送带11之间的左右距离要大于待检工件23的放置后的左右长度，使待检工件23和第二传送带11不干涉。
每个支撑板20的U型底部以及和第一传送带21的连接处都开有一个共同的通孔，在第一传送带21内部，并且和遮光箱1左侧板出口在同一高度位置处设置有气缸19，气缸19的缸体固定在气缸安装板18上，气缸安装板18固定在遮光箱1内部后侧板上，气缸19与遮光箱1左侧板出口处于同一高度，气缸19的输出杆朝向遮光箱1左侧板出口中间，当支撑板20和第一传送带21上的共同通孔运动到和气缸19的输出杆在同一高度时，气缸19的输出杆向左运动，伸出共同通孔，将支撑板20上的不合格的待检工件23推向遮光箱1左侧板出口，用于剔除同轴关系不符合要求的待检工件23。气缸19的输出杆在收缩状态下和 第一传送带21内侧表面留有距离，不影响第一传送带21的运动。
在遮光箱1内部前侧板上布置有第一光源27，第一光源27的正上方间隔一定距离设置有第一摄像机25。在遮光箱1内部后侧板上与第一光源27正对着的同一高度处的相对应的位置设置有第二光源26。第一光源27和第二光源26的位置对着待检工件23的前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303。在遮光箱1内部后侧板上，和第一摄像机25正对着的同一高度设置有第二摄像机24，在与第一光源27、第二光源26同一高度处设置一个第一位置传感器28。在遮光箱1左侧板出口位置处设置有第二位置传感器29。
第一传送带21上的上下相邻的两支撑板20之间的垂直距离大于第一光源27与第一摄像机25之间的距离或者大于第二光源26与第二摄像机24之间的垂直距离。当支撑板20的U型两个侧边为L型，支撑板20可以对待检工件23进行定位。两个侧边的上端高度要低于待检工件23的前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303的最下端，保证支撑板20不遮挡第一光源27发出的光线穿过件待检工件23的前轴孔2304，第二光源26发出的光线穿过后轴孔2303。
第一光源27和第一摄像机25上下间隔的距离要大于待检工件23的后直板2301或者前直板2302的上下高度，第二摄像机24和第二光源26在竖直方向上在同一直线上。第二光源26和第二摄像机24上下间隔的距离与第一光源27和第一摄像机25的上下间隔距离相等。第一光源27和第二光源26在同一高度并且关于光敏板10前后对称布置，第一摄像机25和第二摄像机24在同一高度并且关于光敏板10前后对称布置。第一光源27和第二光源26均为线性光，发光范围比待检工件23的后轴孔2303或者前轴孔2304的面积稍大，第一光源27从前面穿过前轴孔2304照射在光敏板10的前表面，第二光源26从后面穿过后轴孔2303照射在光敏板10的后表面，在光敏板10前后表面上被光照射的区域形成两个圆形图案。
所述的第一摄像机25和第二摄像机24均经信号线连接图像处理单元30，图像处理单元30的输出端经信号线连接控制单元31。所述的第一伺服电机3、第二伺服电机7、气缸19、第一位置传感器28、第二位置传感器29、第一光源27、第二光源26均通过相应的信号线或控制线和控制单元31连接。图像处理单元30和控制单元31设置在遮光箱1的外部。
参见图1-5，本发明所述的基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具工作时，在初始状态，气缸19的输出杆处于收缩状态，第一传送带21和第二传送带11均处于静止状态，第一遮光布8、第二遮光布13和第三遮光布16上相对应的磁铁2和铁块5均处于相互吸合状态，第一遮光布8、第二遮光布13和第三遮光布16均处于闭合状态。
控制单元31控制第一伺服电机3和第二伺服电机7同时开始工作，第一伺服电机3驱动第一传送带主动轴17转动并带动第一传送带21绕第一传送带主动轴17和第一传送带从动轴22转动，支撑板20随第一传送带21移动，第二伺服电机7驱动第二传送带主动轴12转动并带动第二传送带11绕第二传送带主动轴12和第二传送带从动轴9转动，光敏板10位于第二传送带11上随第二传送带11转动，使第一传送带21和第二传送带11的运动方向相反。
人工将进口处的第一遮光布8分开，使第一遮光布8处于打开状态，当第一传送带21驱动靠近光敏板10的支撑板20运动到最上端并处于水平状态时，将待检工件23放置在最上端的支撑板20上，使待检工件23的前直板2302和后直板2301与支撑板20两侧板无间隙接触，前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303的位置分别位于支撑板20的两侧板上，将待检工件23的U型底部和支撑板20的U型底部相接触，如此地可对待检工件23进行定位。待检工件23放置好之后，位于第一遮光布8上的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合，遮光箱1顶部进口恢复闭合状态。
第一传送带21驱动靠近光敏板10侧的待检工件23向下移动，同时，光敏板10在靠近待检工件23的这一侧向上移动，当待检工件23的前轴孔2304和后轴孔2303与第一光源27、第二光源26处于同一高度时，触发第一位置传感器28，第一位置传感器28检测到待检工件23的位置，将检测的信号传送给控制单元31，控制单元31便控制第一伺服电机3和第二伺服电机7停止工作，相应的第一传送带21和第二传送带11均停止工作，使待检工件23和光敏板10处于静止状态。
然后，控制单元31控制第一光源27和第二光源26开始发光，第一光源27从待检工件23的前侧照向前轴孔2304，第二光源26从后侧照向后轴孔2303，这样，光线从两侧分别穿过前轴孔2304和轮叉后轴孔2303照在光敏板10的前后两面上，光敏板10前后表面涂的光敏树脂在光源照射下会立刻引起聚合反应， 处在暗处的光敏树脂则保持原状，在光敏板10前后两面分别形成一个圆形图案。
控制单元31控制第一摄像机25和第二摄像机24同时开始工作，第一摄像机25拍摄光敏板10前表面的圆形图案，第二摄像机24拍摄光敏板10后表面的圆形图案，并将图案信息发送到图像处理单元30，由图像处理单元30计算出两个圆形的中心坐标，得到后轴孔2303和前轴孔2304之间的同轴关系，并判断所测得的同轴关系是否满足公差要求。
当控制单元31判断出同轴关系不满足公差要求时，控制单元31控制第一伺服电机3和第二伺服电机7同时开始工作，带动待检工件23向下移动和带动光敏板10转动，当待检工件23和遮光箱1左侧板出口处于同一高度时，触发第二位置传感器29，第二位置传感器29检测到待检工件23的位置，向控制单元31发送信号，控制单元31发出指令，控制第一伺服电机3和第二伺服电机7停止工作，使待检工件23和光敏板10都处于静止状态。然后，控制单元31控制气缸19开始工作，气缸19输出杆向左经过支撑板20与第一传送带21上的共同通孔，然后推动待检工件23，在气缸19输出杆推力作用下，第二遮光布13分离，待检工件23经遮光箱1左侧板出口被推出，掉入次品仓14内。在待检工件23推出之后，位于第二遮光布13上的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合，使第二遮光布13闭合遮光箱1的左侧板出口。
反之，当控制单元31判断出同轴关系满足公差要求时，控制单元31发出指令，控制第一伺服电机3和第二伺服电机7同时开始工作，第一伺服电机3驱动第一传送带主动轴17转动，支撑板20随第一传送带21转动，带动待检工件23向下移动，当放置有待检工件23的支撑板20转动到处于竖直状态时，同轴关系满足要求的待检工件23在自身重力的作用下使第三遮光布16分离，通过遮光箱1底部出口掉落到正品仓15中。待检工件23通过之后，位于第三遮光布16上的磁铁2和铁块5相互吸合，使遮光箱1底部出口恢复闭合状态。
第二伺服电机7继续驱动第二传送带主动轴12转动并带动第二传送带11绕第二传送带主动轴12和第二传送带从动轴9转动。光敏板10位于第二传送带11上随第二传送带11转动。如此循环，进行下一个待检工件23的检测。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，遮光箱(1)的顶板设有进口，底板和左侧板处各设置一个出口，外部左侧下方放置次品仓(14)，左侧板处出口的正下方放置次品仓(14)，底板出口的正下方放置正品仓(15)，其特征是：遮光箱(1)内设有相互平行且一左一右间隔布置的第一传送带(21)和第二传送带(11)，前后水平布置的第一伺服电机(3)输出轴同轴心地固定连接第一传送带主动轴(17)，第一传送带(21)下端绕在第一传送带主动轴(17)上，上端绕在第一传送带从动轴(22)上；前后水平布置的第二伺服电机(7)的输出轴同轴心地固定连接第二传送带主动轴(12)，第二传送带(11)下端绕在第二传送带主动轴(12)上，上端绕在第二传送带从动轴(9)上；第二传送带(11)外表面正中间一圈固定连接一个光敏板(10)，光敏板(10)垂直于第二传送带(11)外表面；绕第一传送带(21)外表面一圈上等间隔固定连接若干个用于支撑待检工件的U型的支撑板(20)，U型的两个侧侧前后布置，支撑板(20)和第一传送带(21)的外表面相垂直，待检工件的两个轴孔分别位于支撑板(20)的U型两侧板上，光敏板(10)向右侧伸在U型开口的正中间，遮挡住所述的两个轴孔，所述的两个轴孔与光敏板(10)的前后距离相等；每个支撑板(20)的U型底部以及与第一传送带(21)的连接处都开有一个共同通孔，与所述的左侧板出口在同一高度处设置有气缸(19)，气缸(19)的输出杆朝向所述的左侧板出口；遮光箱(1)内部前侧板上布置有第一光源(27)，第一光源(27)的正上方间设置第一摄像机(25)，遮光箱(1)内部后侧板上设置第一光源(27)和第二光源(26)，第一光源(27)和第二光源(26)关于光敏板(10)前后对称，第一摄像机(25)和第二摄像机(24)关于光敏板(10)前后对称；与第一光源(27)、第二光源(26)同一高度处设置第一位置传感器(28)，在所述的左侧板出口位置处设置第二位置传感器(29)；所述的第一摄像机(25)和第二摄像机(24)均经信号线连接图像处理单元(30)，图像处理单元(30)的输出端经信号线连接控制单元(31)，所述的第一伺服电机(3)、第二伺服电机(7)、气缸(19)、第一位置传感器(28)、第二位置传感器(29)、第一光源(27)、第二光源(26)均经相应的信号线或控制线和控制单元(31)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：遮光箱(1)的进口和出口处都各设一个遮光布，每个遮光布被中分为两片，一 片上装有磁铁(2)，另一片上装有铁块(5)，磁铁(2)和铁块(5)相互吸合使遮光布遮挡光线。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：磁铁(2)和铁块(5)之间的吸合力小于待检工件的重量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：第一伺服电机(3)的电机壳体通过第一伺服电机安装板(4)固定连接在遮光箱(1)的侧板外表面上，第二伺服电机(7)的电机壳体通过第二伺服电机安装板(6)固定连接在遮光箱1的侧板外表面上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：光敏板(10)在前后方向的厚度小于待检工件(23)的U型开口的前后开口距离，在光敏板(10)的前后表面都涂有光敏树脂。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：第一传送带(21)和第二传送带(11)之间的左右距离大于待检工件(23)放置后的左右长度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：第一传送带(21)上的上下相邻两个支撑板(200之间的垂直距离大于第一光源(27)与第一摄像机(25)之间的距离或者大于第二光源(26)与第二摄像机(24)之间的垂直距离，支撑板(20)的U型两个侧边的上端高度低于待检工件的两个轴孔的最下端。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具，其特征是：支撑板(20)的U型两侧板均是L型，支撑着待检工件的前侧板和后侧板，待检工件的前侧板和后侧板上各开有一个所述的轴孔。
  9. 一种如权利要求1所述的基于光敏材料的同轴关系快速检具的检测方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：
    步骤A：控制单元(31)控制第一伺服电机(3)和第二伺服电机(7)同时工作，使第一传送带(21)和第二传送带(11)的运动方向相反，支撑板(20)随第一传送带(21)移动，光敏板(100随第二传送带(11)转动；
    步骤B：从进口处将待检工件放置在最上端的支撑板(20)上，第一传送带(21)驱动靠近光敏板(10)侧的待检工件向下移动，当第一位置传感器(28)检测到 待检工件的两个轴孔与第一光源(27)和第二光源(26)处于同一高度时，控制单元(31)控制第一伺服电机(3)和第二伺服电机(7)停止工作；
    步骤C：控制单元(31)控制第一光源(27)从待检工件的前侧照向两个轴孔中的前轴孔，第二光源(26)从后侧照向后轴孔，光敏板(10)前后表面上各形成一个圆形图案；
    步骤D：控制单元(31)控制第一摄像机(25)拍摄光敏板(10)前表面的圆形图案，第二摄像机(24)拍摄光敏板(10)后表面的圆形图案，图像处理单元(30)计算出两个圆形的中心坐标，判断两个圆形的同轴关系是否满足公差要求：
    步骤E：控制单元(31)控制第一伺服电机(3)和第二伺服电机(7)再次工作，当控制单元(31)判断出的同轴关系不满足公差要求时，且第二位置传感器(29)检测到待检工件移动到和遮光箱(1)左侧板出口处于同一高度时，第一伺服电机(3)和第二伺服电机(7)停止工作，控制单元(31)控制气缸19的输出杆向左经过所述的共同通孔后推动待检工件使其掉入次品仓(14)内；反之，当同轴关系满足公差要求时，放置有待检工件的支撑板(20)转动到竖直状态时，待检工件在重力作用下从底板出口掉落到正品仓(15)中。
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