WO2023096182A1 - 에너지 밀도 및 출력이 개선된 리튬-황 전지 - Google Patents
에너지 밀도 및 출력이 개선된 리튬-황 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023096182A1 WO2023096182A1 PCT/KR2022/016457 KR2022016457W WO2023096182A1 WO 2023096182 A1 WO2023096182 A1 WO 2023096182A1 KR 2022016457 W KR2022016457 W KR 2022016457W WO 2023096182 A1 WO2023096182 A1 WO 2023096182A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- sulfur
- battery
- value
- sulfur battery
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- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
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- NWZIYQNUCXUJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylfuran Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CO1 NWZIYQNUCXUJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery with improved energy density and output, and more particularly, by setting the mass ratio of sulfur in the cathode to the mass of the electrolyte and the loading value of sulfur in the cathode to a specific range, 300 Wh/kg or more
- Electrochemical devices are the field that has received the most attention in this respect, and among them, the development of secondary batteries such as lithium-sulfur batteries capable of charging and discharging has become a focus of interest. Recently, in developing such batteries, capacity density and In order to improve the specific energy, research and development on the design of new electrodes and batteries are being conducted.
- Li-S battery lithium-sulfur battery
- LiPS lithium polysulfide
- lithium-sulfur battery has a high energy density per weight, and has an advantage in that the energy density per weight is higher than that of a lithium ion battery.
- an object of the present invention is to set the mass ratio of sulfur in the positive electrode to the mass of the electrolyte and the loading value of sulfur to the positive electrode in a specific range to simultaneously achieve an energy density per weight of 300 Wh / kg or more and a maximum output of 2 kW / kg or more It is to provide a lithium-sulfur battery with improved energy density and output that can be realized.
- the present invention provides a lithium-sulfur battery that satisfies Equation 1 below, including a positive electrode including sulfur as a positive electrode active material, a lithium metal negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- Equation 1 ES is a value obtained by dividing the mass (g) of the electrolyte by the mass (g) of sulfur contained in the positive electrode, and L is the sulfur loading value for the positive electrode, and the unit is mAh/cm 2 .
- the lithium-sulfur battery with improved energy density and output according to the present invention, by setting the mass ratio of sulfur in the cathode to the mass of the electrolyte and the loading value of sulfur to the cathode in a specific range, the energy density per weight of the battery of 300 Wh/kg or more It has the advantage of being able to simultaneously implement the maximum output of 2 kW/kg or more.
- 1 is a graph showing ES/L values according to sulfur loading values for an anode.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing ES/L values according to sulfur loading values for an anode.
- 3 is a graph showing energy density and output of a lithium-sulfur battery in association with ES/L values.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the output of a lithium-sulfur battery in relation to ES/L value.
- the lithium-sulfur battery with improved energy density and output according to the present invention includes a positive electrode containing sulfur as a positive electrode active material, a lithium metal negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and satisfies Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 ES is a value obtained by dividing the mass (g) of the electrolyte by the mass (g) of sulfur contained in the positive electrode, and L is the sulfur loading value for the positive electrode, and the unit is mAh/cm 2 .
- lithium-sulfur battery that uses sulfur as a cathode active material
- Li-S battery lithium-sulfur battery
- a cathode active material has a high specific energy density per weight and is a next-generation secondary battery that can replace lithium ion batteries.
- lithium-sulfur batteries have a problem in that output is low due to an electrochemical conversion reaction of sulfur included as a cathode active material.
- conventional lithium ion batteries proceed through an intercalation reaction in which lithium ions are inserted into the anode/cathode structure, and thus have the advantage of relatively high output compared to lithium-sulfur batteries.
- a lithium-sulfur battery (Li-S battery) has a high energy density per weight, and has an advantage in that the energy density per weight is higher than that of a lithium ion battery (the energy density per weight of a lithium ion battery is less than 300 Wh/kg).
- the present applicant changed the design of the lithium-sulfur battery to have maximum output at the same energy density per weight, and in particular, for application to aircraft such as Urban Air Mobility (UAM), per weight
- UAM Urban Air Mobility
- a lithium-sulfur battery has been developed that increases the energy density to more than 300 Wh/kg and at the same time increases the maximum output to more than the normally required 2 kW/kg.
- the lithium-sulfur battery with improved energy density and output of the present invention satisfies Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 ES is a value obtained by dividing the mass (g) of the electrolyte by the mass (g) of sulfur contained in the positive electrode, and L (unit: mAh/cm 2 ) is the sulfur loading value for the positive electrode.
- ES/L value is less than 1, the electrolyte content is reduced, resulting in a large overvoltage and a rapid decrease in output.
- ES/L value exceeds 1.4, energy density per weight of the battery decreases.
- the ES value is preferably within the range of 2 ⁇ ES ⁇ 3.7.
- the L value is preferably within the range of 2 ⁇ L ⁇ 2.6. Accordingly, if the L value is 2, the ES value should be within the range of 2 ⁇ ES ⁇ 2.8, and if the L value is 2.6, the ES value should be within the range of 2.6 ⁇ ES ⁇ 3.64. If the ES value is less than 2, the energy density of the battery may be high, but the output is rapidly reduced. In addition, when the ES value is 3.7 or more, the output of the battery may be high, but the energy density is not higher than that of the lithium ion battery (less than 300 Wh/kg).
- the energy density of the lithium-sulfur battery is 300 Wh/kg or more, and the maximum output is also usually required 2 kW/kg or more, it can be a lithium-sulfur battery with the maximum output at the same energy density per weight. Specific experimental data related to this will be shown in Examples to be described later.
- the energy density of the battery is greater than or equal to 300 Wh/kg and less than 350 Wh/kg. And, the output value at this time is 2 to 2.6 kW/kg.
- the energy density of the battery is 300 to 350 Wh/kg. And, the output value at this time is greater than 2 kW/kg to 2.6 kW/kg.
- the ES/L value is 1 and the L value is 2.5 ⁇ L ⁇ 2.6, the energy density of the battery is 350 Wh/kg. And, the output value at this time is greater than 2 kW/kg to 2.3 kW/kg.
- the electrolyte included in the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention includes a first solvent, a second solvent, and a lithium salt.
- the first solvent includes a heterocyclic compound including at least one double bond and at the same time including any one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, and the lone pair electrons of the heteroatom (oxygen atom or sulfur atom) Since it is difficult to dissolve salt due to delocalization, it is formed on the surface of a lithium-based metal (anode) by a ring opening reaction of a heterocyclic compound in the initial discharge stage of a battery.
- the heterocyclic compound of the present invention includes one or more double bonds to form a polymeric protective film on the surface of a lithium-based metal, and exhibits effects such as increasing affinity with other solvents in an electrolyte by making it polar.
- Heteroatoms oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms are also included.
- the heterocyclic compound may be a 3 to 15 membered heterocyclic compound, preferably a 3 to 7 membered member, and more preferably a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic compound.
- a heterocyclic compound is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen group, a nitro group (-NO 2 ), an amine group (-NH 2 ) and a sulfonyl group (-SO 2 ) may be a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic compound with one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the heterocyclic compound may be a multi-cyclic compound of at least one of a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and a heterocyclic compound.
- the radical is stabilized and side reactions between electrolytes can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- a halogen group or a nitro group it is preferable to form a functional protective film on the surface of the lithium-based metal, and at this time, the formed functional protective film is stable as a protective film in a compact form, and It has the advantage of enabling uniform deposition and suppressing side reactions between polysulfide and lithium-based metals.
- heterocyclic compound examples include furan, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, and 2-propylfuran.
- -propylfuran 2-butylfuran, 2,3-dimethylfuran, 2,4-dimethylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran ,5-dimethylfuran, pyran, 2-methylpyran, 3-methylpyran, 4-methylpyran, benzofuran, 2-( 2-Nitrovinyl)furan, thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, 2-ethylthiophene, 2-propylthiophene (2-propylthiophene), 2-butylthiophene, 2,3-dimethylthiophene, 2,4-dimethylthiophene and 2,5 -Dimethylthiophene (2,5-dimethylthiophene) and the like, among which 2-methylfuran is preferably used as the first solvent.
- the first solvent containing such a heterocyclic compound has a volume ratio of 5 or more to less than 95 with respect to 100 volume ratio of all organic solvents (ie, the first solvent + the second solvent) included in the electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention, preferably may be included in a volume ratio of 10 to 80, more preferably in a volume ratio of 15 to 60 (the remaining volume ratio corresponds to the second solvent). If the first solvent is included in a volume ratio of less than 5 with respect to 100 volume ratio of the total organic solvent in the electrolyte, the ability to reduce the elution amount of polysulfide is lowered, making it impossible to suppress the increase in resistance of the electrolyte solution or to form a perfect protective film on the surface of lithium-based metal.
- the battery capacity and lifespan may decrease due to the increase in surface resistance of the electrolyte and lithium-based metal.
- the second solvent includes at least one of an ether-based compound, an ester-based compound, an amide-based compound, and a carbonate-based compound, and dissolves a lithium salt so that the electrolyte solution has lithium ion conductivity, as well as sulfur, which is a positive electrode active material. It serves to facilitate the electrochemical reaction with lithium by elution, and in the case of the carbonate-based compound, it may be a linear carbonate-based compound or a cyclic carbonate-based compound.
- the ether-based compound include dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl Ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetra At least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol diethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto, and
- the ester-based compound includes methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ - At least one selected from the group consisting of valerolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- the amide-based compound may be a conventional amide-based compound used in the art.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- MPC carbonate
- EPC ethylpropyl carbonate
- the cyclic carbonate-based compound includes ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate , At least one selected from the group consisting of 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, and halides thereof (fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), etc.) may be exemplified, It is not limited to this.
- the lithium salt is an electrolyte salt used to increase ion conductivity, and may be used without limitation as long as it is commonly used in the art.
- Specific examples of the lithium salt include LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiC 4 BO 8 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (SO 2 F) 2 NLi, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 CLi, chloro At least one selected from the group consisting of lithium borane, lower aliphatic carboxylate having 4 or less carbon atoms, lithium 4-phenyl borate, and lithium imide, among which LiFSI ((SO 2 F) 2 NLi) is included. It is desirable to do
- the concentration of the lithium salt may be determined in consideration of ionic conductivity and the like, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 4 M, preferably 0.2 to 2 M, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 M. If the concentration of the lithium salt is less than the above range, it may be difficult to secure ionic conductivity suitable for driving the battery. As a result, the performance of the battery may deteriorate.
- the lithium salt may be included in an amount of 2 to 45% by weight, preferably 4 to 30% by weight, and more preferably 8 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte. If it is included in less than 2% by weight, there is a concern that the ion transfer resistance may increase due to insufficient lithium ion conductivity, and if it exceeds 45% by weight, the lithium ion conductivity is similarly reduced and the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased. This may cause a problem in that mass transfer resistance increases.
- lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), cesium nitrate (CsNO 3 ), magnesium nitrate (MgNO 3 ), barium nitrate (BaNO 3 ) 3 ), lithium nitrite (LiNO 2 ), potassium nitrite (KNO 2 ), and cesium nitrite (CsNO 2 ) may further include one or more additives selected from the group consisting of.
- the positive electrode included in the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material and a binder, but a lithium-sulfur battery having an energy density of 300 Wh / kg or more is possible, along with a positive electrode active material and a binder. It does not include the conductive material used as That is, in other words, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a binder, and does not include a conductive material other than a carbon material included in the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode may have a base solid material including a positive electrode active material and a binder located on a current collector.
- the sulfur-carbon composite may have a particle size of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the sulfur-carbon composite is less than 1 ⁇ m, resistance between particles increases and overvoltage may occur in the electrode of a lithium-sulfur battery, and when the particle size exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the surface area per unit weight decreases, and A wetting area and a reaction site with lithium ions are reduced, and the amount of electrons transferred relative to the size of the composite is reduced, so the reaction is delayed, and thus the discharge capacity of the battery may be reduced.
- the sulfur (S) may be included in an amount of 60 to 80% by weight, preferably 67.5 to 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode.
- the sulfur content in the positive electrode of a typical lithium-sulfur battery is about 40 to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the positive electrode, and although the present invention uses sulfur in a significantly higher content, about 1,550 mAh / g or more under the electrolyte conditions of the present invention Indicates the initial discharge capacity. If the sulfur is used in an amount of less than 60% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode, a problem in that the energy density of the battery may decrease, and if it is used in an amount exceeding 80% by weight, the conductivity in the electrode decreases and the electrode A problem of poor stability may occur.
- the carbon material (or sulfur supporting material) constituting the sulfur-carbon composite has porosity.
- the carbon material used as the positive electrode active material of the present invention has a high specific surface area (3,000 m 2 /g or more) and high porosity. (Pore Volume: 0.7 ⁇ 3 cm 3 /g), it is possible to drive a high capacity (1,575 ⁇ 1,675 mAh / g) in the electrolyte.
- any carbon material satisfying a pore volume of 0.7 to 3 cm 3 /g may be exemplified, and specifically, graphite satisfying a pore volume of 0.7 to 3 cm 3 /g; graphene; reduced graphene oxide (rGO); carbon black such as denka black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; carbon nanotubes (CNT) such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); carbon fibers such as graphite nanofibers (GNF), carbon nanofibers (CNF), and activated carbon fibers (ACF); And activated carbon (Activated carbon); may be exemplified by at least one selected from the group consisting of, the shape may be spherical, rod-shaped, needle-shaped, plate-shaped, tubular, or bulky.
- the cathode active material including sulfur and the carbon material may be included in an amount of 80 to 99 parts by weight, preferably 85 to 97 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the cathode. If the content of the positive electrode active material is less than 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode, a problem of reducing the energy density of the battery may occur, and if it exceeds 99 parts by weight, a problem of deterioration in stability of the electrode may occur.
- the binder is a component that assists in the bonding of the positive electrode active material and the current collector, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-polyhexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVdF/HFP), polyvinyl acetate , polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, alkylated polyethylene oxide, polypropylene, polymethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethyl (meth) acrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride, Polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, sulfonated EPDM rubber, styrene-butylene rubber, fluorine At least one selected
- 1 to 15 parts by weight of the binder may be added based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode. If the content of the binder is less than 1 part by weight, the adhesive strength between the positive electrode active material and the current collector may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 15 parts by weight, the adhesive strength is improved, but the content of the positive electrode active material is reduced accordingly, and battery capacity may be lowered.
- a filler may be optionally added to the positive electrode of the present invention as a component that suppresses its expansion.
- the filler is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress the expansion of the electrode without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include olefin-based polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; fibrous substances such as glass fibers and carbon fibers; etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by dispersing and mixing a positive electrode active material and a binder in a dispersion medium (solvent) to form a slurry, applying the slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and then drying and rolling.
- a dispersion medium include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, isopropanol, water, and mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto.
- the positive current collector includes platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), silver (Ag), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (STS), aluminum (Al ), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), carbon (C), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), ITO (In doped SnO 2 ), FTO (F doped SnO 2 ), and alloys thereof , carbon (C), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), or silver (Ag) surface-treated on the surface of aluminum (Al) or stainless steel, etc. may be used, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector may be in the form of a foil, film, sheet, punched one, porous body, foam or the like.
- the negative electrode is a lithium-based metal, and may further include a current collector on one side of the lithium-based metal.
- An anode current collector may be used as the current collector.
- the anode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has high conductivity, and copper, aluminum, stainless steel, zinc, titanium, silver, palladium, nickel, iron, chromium, alloys thereof, and It may be selected from the group consisting of combinations of.
- the stainless steel may be surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver, and an aluminum-cadmium alloy may be used as the alloy. can also be used In general, a thin copper plate is applied as an anode current collector.
- the anode current collector is applied that has a thickness range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the anode current collector is less than 3 ⁇ m, the current collecting effect is deteriorated.
- the thickness exceeds 50 ⁇ m, workability is deteriorated when the cell is assembled by folding.
- the lithium-based metal may be lithium or a lithium alloy.
- the lithium alloy includes elements capable of alloying with lithium, and specifically, lithium and Si, Sn, C, Pt, Ir, Ni, Cu, Ti, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, It may be an alloy with at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, and Al.
- the lithium-based metal may be in the form of a sheet or foil, and in some cases, lithium or a lithium alloy is deposited or coated on a current collector by a dry process, or metal and alloy on particles are deposited or coated by a wet process. may be in the form of
- a conventional separator may be interposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the separator is a physical separator having a function of physically separating electrodes, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is used as a normal separator, and in particular, it is preferable to have low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte and excellent ability to wet the electrolyte.
- the separator enables transport of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode while separating or insulating the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other.
- Such a separator may be porous and made of a non-conductive or insulating material.
- the separator may be an independent member such as a film, or a coating layer added to an anode and/or a cathode.
- polystyrene-based porous membrane examples include polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyolefin-based polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene, and polypentene, either alone or in combination thereof.
- a film formed from a mixed polymer may be exemplified.
- nonwoven fabrics examples include polyphenyleneoxide, polyimide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethyleneterephthalate, and polyethylenenaphthalate.
- a nonwoven fabric formed of a polymer mixed with these is possible, and such a nonwoven fabric is in the form of fibers forming a porous web, including a spunbond or meltblown form composed of long fibers.
- the thickness of the separator is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the separator is less than 1 ⁇ m, mechanical properties cannot be maintained, and when the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the separator acts as a resistance layer, resulting in deterioration in battery performance.
- the pore size and porosity of the separator are not particularly limited, but preferably have a pore size of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m and a porosity of 10 to 95%.
- the separator acts as a resistance layer, and if the pore size exceeds 50 ⁇ m or the porosity exceeds 95%, mechanical properties cannot be maintained. .
- the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention including the above electrolyte, positive electrode, negative electrode and separator may be manufactured through a process of injecting an electrolyte solution after facing the positive electrode to the negative electrode and interposing a separator therebetween.
- the lithium-sulfur battery according to the present invention can be applied to a battery cell used as a power source for a small-sized device, and can be particularly suitably used as a unit cell of a battery module that is a power source for a medium or large-sized device.
- the present invention also provides a battery module including two or more lithium-sulfur batteries electrically connected (serial or parallel).
- the quantity of lithium-sulfur batteries included in the battery module may be variously adjusted in consideration of the use and capacity of the battery module.
- the present invention provides a battery pack in which the battery modules are electrically connected according to conventional techniques in the art.
- the battery module and battery pack may include a power tool; electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); electric truck; electric commercial vehicles; Alternatively, it can be used as a power supply for one or more medium or large sized devices among power storage systems, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention is a battery for an aircraft used in Urban Air Mobility (UAM).
- LiFSI lithium salt
- organic solvent in which 2-methylfuran (first solvent) and dimethoxyethane (second solvent) are mixed at a volume ratio (v/v) of 5:5 so that the concentration of LiFSI (lithium salt) is 0.75 M.
- a coin cell type lithium-sulfur battery was prepared by placing the prepared positive electrode and a 150 ⁇ m-thick lithium metal negative electrode facing each other, interposing a polyethylene (PE) separator therebetween, and injecting the prepared electrolyte. Meanwhile, in the manufacture of the battery, the positive electrode was punched at 15 phi, the polyethylene separator was punched at 19 phi, and the lithium metal was punched at 16 phi.
- PE polyethylene
- ES value mass of electrolyte (g) / mass of sulfur contained in the cathode (g) in Equation 1 below: 2 ⁇ ES ⁇ 3.7
- L unit: mAh/cm 2
- sulfur loading value for the anode 2 ⁇ L ⁇ 2.6
- the ES value (mass of electrolyte (g) / mass of sulfur (g) contained in the cathode) in Equation 1 was set to deviate from 2 ⁇ ES ⁇ 3.7
- the L (unit: mAh/cm 2 ) value (loading value of sulfur on the anode) was made to deviate from 2 ⁇ L ⁇ 2.6.
- the resistance of the lithium-sulfur batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured through voltage drop through 2C 10-second discharge at 75% of the remaining capacity based on 0.1C discharge capacity, and through this, the maximum output that can be produced when discharged to 1.5 V was converted.
- 1 and 2 are graphs showing ES/L values according to sulfur loading values for the cathode. As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the ES/L value has an inflection point between about 1 and 1.4, and the output increase decreases as the ES/L value exceeds 1.4. In addition, when the L value was 2 and 2.5, the output increased particularly rapidly, and it was confirmed that the output of the lithium-sulfur battery was excellent. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
- the resistance of the lithium-sulfur batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured through a voltage drop through 2C 10-second discharge at 75% of the remaining capacity based on 0.1C discharge capacity, and through this, the maximum output (unit) that can be produced when discharged to 1.5 V : kW / kg) was converted, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the energy density per weight (unit: Wh / kg) was measured by dividing by the weight of the cell, The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- 3 is a graph showing the energy density and output of a lithium-sulfur battery in association with an ES/L value
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the output of a lithium-sulfur battery in association with an ES/L value.
- the energy density of the battery is 300 to 350 Wh/kg, and the output value at this time is greater than 2 kW/kg to 2.6 kW/kg.
- the ES/L value is 1 and the L value is 2.5 ⁇ L ⁇ 2.6, the energy density of the battery is 350 Wh/kg, and the output value at this time is greater than 2 kW/kg to 2.3 kW/kg.
- the lithium-sulfur battery The energy density per weight is 300 Wh/kg or more, and at the same time, the maximum output is also 2 kW/kg or more, which is generally required, so that the object of the present invention can be achieved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 황을 양극 활물질로 포함하는 양극, 리튬 메탈 음극 및 전해질을 포함하는 것으로, 하기 수식 1을 만족하는 리튬-황 전지:[수식 1]1 ≤ ES/L ≤ 1.4상기 수식 1에서, ES는 전해질의 질량(g)을 양극에 포함된 황의 질량(g)으로 나눈 값이고, L은 양극에 대한 황의 로딩값으로서 단위는 mAh/cm2이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 리튬-황 전지의 에너지 밀도가 300 Wh/kg 이상인 동시에 최대 출력이 2 kW/kg 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 ES 값은 2 ≤ ES < 3.7인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 3에 있어서, 상기 L 값은 2 ≤ L ≤ 2.6인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 L 값이 2 ≤ L < 2.5이면 전지의 에너지 밀도가 300 Wh/kg 이상 350 Wh/kg 미만이고, 이때의 출력값은 2 내지 2.6 kW/kg인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 L 값이 2.5 ≤ L ≤ 2.6이면 전지의 에너지 밀도가 300 내지 350 Wh/kg이고, 이때의 출력값은 2 kW/kg 초과 내지 2.6 kW/kg인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 ES/L 값이 1이고 L 값이 2.5 ≤ L ≤ 2.6이면 전지의 에너지 밀도가 350 Wh/kg이고, 이때의 출력값은 2 kW/kg 초과 내지 2.3 kW/kg인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 양극 활물질이 황-탄소 복합체를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 양극이 양극 활물질 및 바인더를 포함하고, 도전재는 포함하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 황이 양극 총 중량에 대해 60 내지 80 중량%의 함량으로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전해질이 하나 이상의 이중결합을 포함하는 동시에 산소 원자 및 황 원자 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 헤테로 고리 화합물을 포함하는 제1 용매; 에테르계 화합물, 에스테르계 화합물, 아미드계 화합물 및 카보네이트계 화합물 중 어느 하나 이상을 포함하는 제2 용매; 및 리튬염;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 리튬-황 전지가 도심 항공 운송수단(Urban Air Mobility, UAM)으로 이용되는 항공기용 배터리인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬-황 전지.
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CN202280015250.5A CN116848685A (zh) | 2021-11-23 | 2022-10-26 | 具有改善的能量密度和功率的锂硫电池 |
JP2023554367A JP2024509235A (ja) | 2021-11-23 | 2022-10-26 | エネルギー密度及び出力が改善されたリチウム‐硫黄電池 |
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KR (1) | KR20230075579A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN116848685A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023096182A1 (ko) |
Citations (4)
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KR20040026207A (ko) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-30 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 양극 활물질 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20050038896A (ko) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-설퍼 전지 |
KR20210088025A (ko) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210100313A (ko) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지 |
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2021
- 2021-11-23 KR KR1020210161896A patent/KR20230075579A/ko unknown
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2022
- 2022-10-26 CN CN202280015250.5A patent/CN116848685A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-26 EP EP22898864.8A patent/EP4273985A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-26 WO PCT/KR2022/016457 patent/WO2023096182A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-10-26 JP JP2023554367A patent/JP2024509235A/ja active Pending
- 2022-10-26 US US18/276,873 patent/US20240120479A1/en active Pending
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KR20040026207A (ko) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-30 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 양극 활물질 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20050038896A (ko) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-설퍼 전지 |
KR20210088025A (ko) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210100313A (ko) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지 |
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SUN KE, LIU HELEN, GAN HONG: "Cathode Loading Effect on Sulfur Utilization in Lithium–Sulfur Battery", JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE, ASME, vol. 13, no. 2, 1 May 2016 (2016-05-01), XP093069159, ISSN: 2381-6872, DOI: 10.1115/1.4034738 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20240120479A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
CN116848685A (zh) | 2023-10-03 |
KR20230075579A (ko) | 2023-05-31 |
EP4273985A1 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
JP2024509235A (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
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