WO2023090154A1 - 化合物、発光材料および発光素子 - Google Patents
化合物、発光材料および発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023090154A1 WO2023090154A1 PCT/JP2022/040962 JP2022040962W WO2023090154A1 WO 2023090154 A1 WO2023090154 A1 WO 2023090154A1 JP 2022040962 W JP2022040962 W JP 2022040962W WO 2023090154 A1 WO2023090154 A1 WO 2023090154A1
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- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cu] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cu] OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N ac1l9hc7 Chemical compound C([C@H]12)C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)CC3)(C)C)[C@@]43C[C@@]14CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]2O[C@]3(O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@H]12 YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940051880 analgesics and antipyretics pyrazolones Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008425 anthrones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001893 coumarin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002219 fluoranthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005226 heteroaryloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005368 heteroarylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DZFWNZJKBJOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N julolidine Chemical class C1CCC2=CC=CC3=C2N1CCC3 DZFWNZJKBJOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical class N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N n-[(1r,2s,5r)-5-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-[(3s)-2-oxo-3-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]cyclohexyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C)C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1N1C(=O)[C@@H](NC=2C3=CC(=CC=C3N=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)CC1 GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003077 quantum chemistry computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006836 terphenylene group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-VQHVLOKHSA-N trans-dipyrrin Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1/C=C1\C=CC=N1 OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-VQHVLOKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1074—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing more than three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
- C09K2211/1077—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing more than three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms with oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1074—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing more than three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
- C09K2211/1081—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing more than three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms with sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/20—Delayed fluorescence emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound useful as a light-emitting material and a light-emitting device using the same.
- organic electroluminescence elements organic electroluminescence elements
- various attempts have been made to improve the luminous efficiency by newly developing and combining electron transporting materials, hole transporting materials, light emitting materials, and the like, which constitute organic electroluminescence elements.
- research on organic electroluminescence elements using delayed fluorescence materials can also be seen.
- a delayed fluorescence material is a material that emits fluorescence when returning from the excited singlet state to the ground state after reverse intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state occurs in the excited state. Fluorescence by such a pathway is called delayed fluorescence because it is observed later than the fluorescence from the excited singlet state directly generated from the ground state (ordinary fluorescence).
- the probability of occurrence of an excited singlet state and an excited triplet state is statistically 25%:75%.
- the delayed fluorescence material not only the excited singlet state but also the excited triplet state can be used for fluorescence emission through the reverse intersystem crossing described above, so the emission is higher than that of ordinary fluorescent materials. Efficiency will be obtained.
- the present inventors conducted extensive research with the aim of providing compounds that are more useful as light-emitting materials for light-emitting devices. Then, intensive studies were carried out with the aim of deriving and generalizing the general formulas of compounds that are more useful as light-emitting materials.
- a cyanobenzene compound having a structure that satisfies specific conditions is useful as a light-emitting material.
- the present invention has been proposed based on these findings, and specifically has the following configurations.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a donor group.
- Two or more of R 1 to R 4 are donor groups, and at least one of the two or more donor groups is a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- X 1 to X 3 each independently represent N or C(R), and at least one of X 1 to X 3 is N; R represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- [2] The compound of [1], wherein the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is a carbazol-9-yl group in which a ring having one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom as a ring skeleton-constituting atom is condensed.
- a luminescent material comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [10].
- a delayed phosphor comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [10].
- An organic semiconductor device comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [10].
- An organic light emitting device comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [10].
- the layer containing the compound also contains a delayed fluorescence material in addition to the compound and the host material, and the lowest excited singlet energy of the delayed fluorescence material is lower than the host material and higher than the compound, [16] ].
- the organic light-emitting device according to [16] wherein the device has a layer containing the compound, and the layer also contains a light-emitting material having a structure different from that of the compound.
- the compound of the present invention is useful as a luminescent material. Further, the compounds of the present invention include compounds with high luminous efficiency. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting device using the compound of the present invention includes an excellent device with high luminous efficiency.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a donor group.
- Two or more of R 1 to R 4 are donor groups, and at least one of the two or more donor groups is a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- at least R 2 is a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- at least R4 is a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- R 1 may be a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group
- R 3 may be a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- R 2 and R 4 are each independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups, for example only R 2 and R 4 among R 1 to R 4 are each independently substituted is a ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- R 2 and R 4 are preferably the same. However, R 2 and R 4 may be different.
- R 2 and R 3 may be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups, and only R 3 and R 4 may each be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups. It may be an yl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may each be an independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group, and only R 1 and R 3 may each be an independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group. or only R 1 and R 4 may be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups.
- R 2 to R 4 may be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups, all of which may be the same, or only one may be different. or all may be different.
- each of R 1 to R 3 may be an independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group, and only R 1 , R 2 and R 4 may be each independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- yl group, or only R 1 , R 3 and R 4 may be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups.
- each of R 1 to R 4 may be independently substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups, all of which may be the same or may be different by one. They can all be different.
- the number of rings constituting the condensed ring in the substituted ring-condensed carbazol-9-yl group is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 5-9, even more preferably 5-7. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the condensed ring has 5 rings.
- the number of rings referred to here includes the number of rings of the condensed carbazole (ie, 3).
- a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is a group bonded to a nitrogen atom constituting a ring skeleton of carbazole, and has a structure in which a ring is fused to at least one of two benzene rings constituting carbazole.
- the condensed ring may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic heterocyclic ring, an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, or an aliphatic heterocyclic ring, or may be a ring in which these are further condensed.
- Preferred are aromatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic heterocycles. Examples of aromatic hydrocarbon rings include substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings.
- the benzene ring may be condensed with another benzene ring, or may be condensed with a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring means an aromatic ring containing a heteroatom as a ring skeleton-constituting atom, and is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, such as a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring. can be adopted.
- a furan ring, a thiophene ring, or a pyrrole ring can be employed as the aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the fused rings are the furan ring of substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, the thiophene ring of substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene, and the pyrrole ring of substituted or unsubstituted indole.
- the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring is preferably bonded with a substituent selected from the substituent group E, and an aryl group optionally substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group is bonded. is more preferred.
- a carbazol-9-yl group in which a ring having one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom as ring skeleton-constituting atoms is condensed.
- a carbazol-9-yl group condensed with a benzofuro structure a carbazol-9-yl group condensed with a benzothieno structure, and a carbazol-9-yl group condensed with an indolo structure can be preferably employed.
- the benzofuro structure has at least one fused carbazol-9-yl group, such as two or more.
- the benzothieno structure has at least one, for example two or more, fused carbazol-9-yl groups.
- a substituted benzofuro[2,3-a]carbazol-9-yl group can be employed as the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- Substituted benzofuro[3,2-a]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzofuro[2,3-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzofuro[3,2-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzofuro[2,3-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzofuro[3,2-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- a preferred substituted benzofuran-fused carbazol-9-yl group is a carbazol-9-yl group in which only one benzofuran ring is fused at the 2,3 positions and the other rings are not fused. Specifically, it is a group having any one of the following structures, in which at least one hydrogen atom in the structure is substituted.
- a substituted benzothieno[2,3-a]carbazol-9-yl group can be employed as the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- Substituted benzothieno[3,2-a]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzothieno[2,3-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzothieno[3,2-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzothieno[2,3-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted benzothieno[3,2-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- a preferred substituted benzothiophene-fused carbazol-9-yl group is a carbazol-9-yl group in which only one benzothiophene ring is fused at the 2,3 positions and the other rings are not fused. Specifically, it is a group having any one of the following structures, in which at least one hydrogen atom in the structure is substituted.
- a substituted indolo[2,3-a]carbazol-9-yl group can be employed as the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- Substituted indolo[3,2-a]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted indolo[2,3-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted indolo[2,3-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- Substituted indolo[3,2-c]carbazol-9-yl groups can also be employed.
- a preferred substituted indole-fused carbazol-9-yl group is a carbazol-9-yl group in which only one indole ring is fused at the 2,3 positions and no other rings are fused. Specifically, it is a group having any one of the following structures, in which at least one hydrogen atom in the structure is substituted.
- R' in the following structure represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R' is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the substituents of the aryl group and the alkyl group may be selected from substituent group A, may be selected from substituent group B, may be selected from substituent group C, or may be selected from substituent group D. may be selected from or may be selected from Substituent Group E.
- the aryl and alkyl groups are unsubstituted.
- the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group has a structure in which a substituent is bonded to at least one of the ring skeleton-constituting carbon atoms constituting the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- the substituent of the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group may be selected, for example, from substituent group A, may be selected from substituent group B, or may be selected from substituent group C, It may be selected from Substituent Group D or may be selected from Substituent Group E.
- the substituents of the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and some or all of these substituents are may be substituted with a deuterium atom.
- the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group has no substituents other than those described herein.
- the aryl group may be a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring in which two or more rings are condensed. In the case of condensed rings, the number of condensed rings is preferably 2 to 6, and can be selected from 2 to 4, for example.
- the aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene-1-yl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene-2-yl group, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted It is a substituted phenyl group.
- the substituent of the aryl group may be selected from, for example, substituent group A, substituent group B, substituent group C, or substituent group D.
- the substituents of the aryl group are one or more selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, aryl groups and deuterium atoms. In one preferred aspect of the invention, the aryl group is unsubstituted.
- Alkyl groups may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Moreover, two or more of the linear portion, the cyclic portion and the branched portion may be mixed.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group can be, for example, 1 or more, 2 or more, or 4 or more. Also, the number of carbon atoms can be 30 or less, 20 or less, 10 or less, 6 or less, or 4 or less.
- alkyl groups include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, n-heptyl group, isoheptyl group, n-octyl group, isooctyl group, n-nonyl group, isononyl group, n-decanyl group, isodecanyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group.
- the alkyl group as a substituent may be further substituted with, for example, a deuterium atom, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, or a halogen atom.
- the substituents of the alkyl group are one or more selected from the group consisting of aryl groups and deuterium atoms.
- the alkyl group is unsubstituted.
- the number of substituents on the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, even more preferably 1 to 4. , may be, for example, one, or may be, for example, two.
- either the 3- or 6-position of the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is substituted.
- the benzene ring has at least one substituent at the para-position relative to the heteroatom present in the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- the fused carbazol-9-yl group has at least one substituent only at the para-position of the benzene ring relative to the heteroatom present in the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group.
- all substitutable para-positions of the benzene ring relative to the heteroatom present in the ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group have substituents.
- substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups that can be employed in general formula (1) are shown below.
- the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group that can be employed in the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
- * indicates a bonding position
- Ph indicates a phenyl group.
- the display of the methyl group is omitted. Therefore, D200 to D223 have methyl groups.
- D1 (Da) to D224 (Da) are disclosed as those in which all the hydrogen atoms present in D1 to D224 are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- D1(Db) to D224(Db) are disclosed as those in which all the hydrogen atoms present in the phenyl group or alkyl group which are the substituents of D1 to D224 are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) has a group selected from the group consisting of D1 to D224, D1(Da) to D224(Da), and D1(Db) to D224(Db). have.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a group selected from the group consisting of D1 to D31, D1 (Da) to D31 (Da), D1 (Db) to D31 (Db) have
- the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group has only groups selected from the group consisting of D1 to D31, D1(Da) to D31(Da), D1(Db) to D31(Db).
- the compound represented by general formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of D1 to D9, D1 (Da) to D9 (Da), D1 (Db) to D9 (Db) have a group.
- the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group has only groups selected from the group consisting of D1-D9, D1(Da)-D9(Da), D1(Db)-D9(Db).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a group selected from the group consisting of D10 to D31, D10 (Da) to D31 (Da), D10 (Db) to D31 (Db) have For example, it has only groups selected from the group consisting of D10 to D31, D10(Da) to D31(Da), and D10(Db) to D31(Db) as substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups.
- R 1 to R 4 in general formula (1) may be donor groups other than substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups.
- the donor group other than the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group is referred to as "another donor group”.
- the donor group can be selected from groups having a negative Hammett's ⁇ p value. Hammett's ⁇ p values are given by L. P. Proposed by Hammett, it quantifies the effect of substituents on the reaction rate or equilibrium of para-substituted benzene derivatives.
- k 0 is the rate constant of the benzene derivative without a substituent
- k is the rate constant of the benzene derivative substituted with a substituent
- K 0 is the equilibrium constant of the benzene derivative without the substituent
- K is the substituent
- the equilibrium constant of the benzene derivative substituted with ⁇ represents the reaction constant determined by the type and conditions of the reaction.
- the number of other donor groups is 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1. When there are two or more other donor groups, they may be the same or different. In one aspect of the invention, the number of other donor groups is zero. In one aspect of the invention, the number of other donor groups is one. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 is another donor group. In one aspect of the invention, R 2 is another donor group. In one preferred aspect of the invention, R 3 is another donor group. In one aspect of the invention, R 4 is another donor group. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 is the only other donor group. In one aspect of the invention, R2 is the only other donor group. In one preferred aspect of the invention, R 3 is the only other donor group. In one aspect of the invention, R4 is the only other donor group.
- Other donor groups are preferably substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylamino groups, and substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups. is preferred.
- Two aryl groups constituting the diarylamino group referred to herein may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure such as a carbazole ring.
- aryl group and alkyl group constituting the diarylamino group, dialkylamino group and alkylarylamino group refer to the aryl group and alkyl group in the description of the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group above.
- the description and preferred ranges can be referred to.
- Other donor groups may be ring-fused indol-1-yl groups.
- the number of rings constituting the ring-fused indol-1-yl group is 4 or more, more preferably 4-9, even more preferably 4-7.
- the other donor group is a substituted or unsubstituted unfused carbazol-9-yl group.
- Other donor groups may be unsubstituted condensed carbazol-9-yl groups.
- the number of rings constituting the condensed ring of the condensed carbazol-9-yl group is 4 or more, more preferably 5-9, even more preferably 5-7. In one aspect of the present invention, the number of rings constituting the condensed ring is 6. In one aspect of the present invention, the number of rings constituting the condensed ring is seven. In one aspect of the present invention, the number of rings constituting the condensed ring is 5. In either case, no substituent is attached to the ring skeleton-constituting carbon atoms of the condensed ring. At least one of the ring skeleton-constituting carbon atoms of the two benzene rings constituting the carbazol-9-yl group herein may be substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- Z1(Da) to Z209(Da) are disclosed as those in which all the hydrogen atoms present in Z1 to Z209 are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) has groups selected from the group consisting of Z1 to Z209 and Z1(Da) to Z209(Da).
- other donor groups include only groups selected from the group consisting of Z1 to Z209 and Z1(Da) to Z209(Da).
- the compound represented by general formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of Z1 to Z6, Z195 to Z209, Z1 (Da) to Z6 (Da), Z195 (Da) to Z209 (Da) has a group that is
- other donor groups include only groups selected from the group consisting of Z1-Z6, Z195-Z209, Z1(Da)-Z6(Da), Z195(Da)-Z209(Da).
- the compound represented by general formula (1) has a group selected from the group consisting of Z7 to Z194 and Z7(Da) to Z194(Da).
- other donor groups include only groups selected from the group consisting of Z7 to Z194 and Z7(Da) to Z194(Da).
- R 1 to R 4 in general formula (1) may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the description and preferred range of the aryl group and the alkyl group the description and preferred range of the aryl group and the alkyl group in the description of the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group can be referred to.
- the hydrogen atom of the aryl group and the alkyl group may be substituted with a deuterium atom or a group selected from Substituent Group E.
- the aryl and alkyl groups are unsubstituted.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl and tert-butyl groups.
- the following group can be mentioned as a specific example of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and substituted or unsubstituted aryl group that can be employed in the present invention are not limited to these specific examples.
- t-Bu represents a tert-butyl group
- * indicates a bonding position.
- Ar1(Da) to Ar26(Da) are those in which all the hydrogen atoms present in Ar1 to Ar26 are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- Ar2(Db) to Ar18(Db) are those in which all the hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl or phenyl groups, which are the substituents of Ar2 to Ar18, are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- R 1 -R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one preferred aspect of the invention, only one of R 1 to R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one preferred aspect of the invention, R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one aspect of the invention, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one aspect of the invention, R3 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one aspect of the invention, R4 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one preferred aspect of the invention, only R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- R2 is a hydrogen or deuterium atom. In one aspect of the invention, only R3 is a hydrogen or deuterium atom. In one aspect of the invention, only R4 is a hydrogen or deuterium atom.
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. In one aspect of the invention, R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. In one aspect of the invention, R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. In one aspect of the invention, R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- two of R 1 to R 4 are donor groups, one is a hydrogen atom or deuterium atom, and one is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. More preferably, two of R 1 to R 4 are substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups, one is a hydrogen atom or deuterium atom, and one is an unsubstituted aryl group. More preferably, two of R 1 to R 4 are a ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group, one is a hydrogen atom or deuterium atom, and one is an unsubstituted It is a phenyl group.
- three of R 1 to R 4 are donor groups and one is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one aspect of the present invention, three of R 1 to R 4 are donor groups and one is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group (preferably unsubstituted aryl group). In one aspect of the present invention, three of R 1 to R 4 are ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups substituted with alkyl groups or aryl groups, and one is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- R 1 to R 4 are ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups substituted with alkyl groups or aryl groups, and one is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group (preferably unsubstituted substituted aryl group).
- all of R 1 -R 4 are donor groups.
- all of R 1 to R 4 are ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups substituted with alkyl groups or aryl groups.
- R 1 and R 2 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 and R 3 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 and R 4 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 2 and R 3 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 3 and R 4 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are donor groups. In one aspect of the invention, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are donor groups.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 and R 4 are donor groups (preferably ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group).
- R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group (preferably an unsubstituted aryl group).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 and R 4 are a donor group (preferably a ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group).
- R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 and R 4 are a donor group (preferably a ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group).
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group (preferably unsubstituted aryl group), and R 2 and R 4 are donor groups (preferably alkyl or aryl groups substituted with ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group), and R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 to R 4 are donor groups.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 to R 4 are ring-fused carbazol-9-yl groups substituted with alkyl groups or aryl groups.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom
- R 2 and R 4 are a ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group
- R 3 is other It is a donor group.
- none of R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- X 1 to X 3 in general formula (1) each independently represent N or C(R). However, at least one of X 1 to X 3 is N.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- the substituent here may be selected from substituent group A, may be selected from substituent group B, may be selected from substituent group C, or may be selected from substituent group D. or may be selected from Substituent Group E.
- X 1 -X 3 are N.
- X 1 and X 3 are N and X 2 is C(R).
- X 1 and X 2 are N and X 3 is C(R).
- X 1 is N and X 2 and X 3 are C(R).
- X2 is N and X1 and X3 are C(R).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 in general formula (1) each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group reference can be made to the description and preferred range of the aryl group and alkyl group in the description of the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group above.
- Specific examples of Ar 1 and Ar 2 include Ar1 to Ar26, Ar1(Da) to Ar26(Da), and Ar1(Db) to Ar18(Db).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are unsubstituted aryl groups, more preferably unsubstituted phenyl groups.
- L1 in general formula (1) represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- divalent linking groups include substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups.
- L 1 is a single bond.
- L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
- L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group.
- the description and preferred range of the aryl group and the alkyl group in the description of the substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group can be referred to.
- heteroarylene group examples include a linking group in which at least one of the ring skeleton carbon atoms constituting the arylene group is substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- L 1 Specific examples of L 1 are given below. However, L 1 that can be employed in the present invention is not limitedly interpreted by these specific examples. In the following specific examples, the illustration of methyl groups is omitted. For this reason, for example, L3 to L5 are substituted with methyl groups. * indicates the binding position. L1 is a single bond.
- X 1 to X 3 are N
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups (preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, more preferably phenyl groups).
- L 1 is a single bond.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) preferably does not contain a metal atom, and consists only of atoms selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. It may be a compound that is In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound represented by general formula (1) is composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. Further, the compound represented by general formula (1) may be a compound composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) may be a compound composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms and nitrogen atoms.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) may be a compound composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and nitrogen atoms.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) may be a compound containing no hydrogen atom and containing a deuterium atom.
- substituted group A refers to a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), an alkyl group (e.g., 1 to 40 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group (e.g., 1 to 40), alkylthio groups (eg, 1 to 40 carbon atoms), aryl groups (eg, 6 to 30 carbon atoms), aryloxy groups (eg, 6 to 30 carbon atoms), arylthio groups (eg, 6 to 30 carbon atoms), Heteroaryl group (eg, 5 to 30 ring atoms), heteroaryloxy group (eg, 5 to 30 ring atoms), heteroarylthio group (eg, 5 to 30 ring atoms), acyl group ( For example, 1 to 40 carbon atoms), alkenyl groups (eg, 1 to 40 carbon atoms), alkenyl groups (eg, 1 to 40
- substituted group B means an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 40 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group (eg, 1 to 40 carbon atoms), an aryl group (eg, 6 to 30 carbon atoms), an aryloxy group (eg for example, 6 to 30 carbon atoms), heteroaryl groups (eg, 5 to 30 ring atoms), heteroaryloxy groups (eg, 5 to 30 ring atoms), diarylaminoamino groups (eg, 0 to 30 carbon atoms).
- substituted group C refers to an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (eg, 6 to 22 carbon atoms), a heteroaryl group (eg, 5 to 20 ring skeleton atoms), It means one group or a combination of two or more groups selected from the group consisting of diarylamino groups (eg, 12 to 20 carbon atoms).
- substituted group D refers to an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (eg, 6 to 22 carbon atoms) and a heteroaryl group (eg, 5 to 20 ring skeleton atoms). It means one group selected from the group consisting of or a combination of two or more groups.
- substituted group E refers to one group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 20 carbon atoms) and an aryl group (eg, 6 to 22 carbon atoms), or a combination of two or more means a group.
- substituent when described as “substituent” or “substituted or unsubstituted” may be selected from, for example, substituent group A, or selected from substituent group B may be selected from Substituent Group C, may be selected from Substituent Group D, or may be selected from Substituent Group E.
- Tables 1 and 2 below list specific examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (1). However, the compound represented by the general formula (1) that can be used in the present invention should not be construed as being limited by these specific examples.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the structures of compounds 1 to 1700384 individually by specifying R 1 to R 4 in the following general formula for each compound. That is, Ar 1 and Ar 2 are phenyl groups (Ar1), X 1 to X 3 are nitrogen atoms (N), L 1 is a single bond, and R 1 to R 4 are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Structures that are groups specified in are shown individually as structures of compounds 1-1700384.
- Table 2 shows the structures of compounds 1 to 1700384 by collectively displaying R 1 to R 4 of a plurality of compounds in each row.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom (H)
- R 3 is fixed to a phenyl group (Ph)
- both R 2 and R 4 are D1 to D224.
- R2 and R4 are the same. That is, the rows of compounds 1 to 224 in Table 2 collectively display the compounds 1 to 224 specified in Table 1.
- R 1 is fixed to a hydrogen atom (H)
- R 3 is fixed to a methyl group (Me)
- R 2 and R 4 are both D1 to D224 are designated as compounds 225 to 448 in order.
- the same procedure also identifies compounds 449-12096 in Table 2.
- Compounds 12097-14784 in Table 2 identify structures where three of R 1 -R 4 are the same and are any of D1-D224.
- Compounds 14785-15008 in Table 2 identify structures where R 1 -R 4 are all the same and are any of D1-D224.
- Compounds 15009-858696 in Table 2 have structures in which one of R 1 to R 4 is any of D1 to D224 and the other one of R 1 to R 4 is any of Z1 to Z209 are identified.
- D1 to D224 are fixed to one
- Z1 to Z209 are changed in order to identify the compound
- D1 to D224 are fixed to the next one
- Z1 to Compounds are specified by sequentially changing Z209.
- compounds 15009 to 15232 in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom (H), R 3 is fixed to a phenyl group (Ph), R 2 is D1, and R 4 is Z1 to Z209 are compounds 15009 to 15232, compounds 15233 to 15456 where R 2 is D2 and R 4 is Z1 to Z209, and compounds 15457 to 15680 where R 3 is D3 and R 4 is Z1 to Z209.
- Compound numbers are assigned, and compounds 61601 to 61824 in which R 3 is D224 and R 4 is Z1 to Z209 are obtained in order.
- the same procedure also identifies compounds 61825-857696 in Table 2.
- Compounds 857697-1700384 in Table 2 are compounds in which two of R 1 to R 4 are the same and are any of D1 to D224, and the other one of R 1 to R 4 is any of Z1 to Z209. Identify a structure and a structure in which one of R 1 to R 4 is any of D1 to D224 and the other two of R 1 to R 4 are the same and any of Z1 to Z209. ing. Again, first, D1 to D224 are fixed to one, Z1 to Z209 are changed in order to identify the compound, and then D1 to D224 are fixed to the next one, Z1 to Compounds are specified by sequentially changing Z209. Compounds 1 to 1700384 are identified in the manner described above.
- All hydrogen atoms bonded to a phenyl group present as one of R 1 to R 4 of compound group a are replaced with deuterium atoms, and bonded to the benzene rings of D1 to D224 present in the molecule All hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group or alkyl group in the molecule are replaced with deuterium atoms, and all hydrogen atoms bonded to the two phenyl groups substituting the triazine ring in the molecule are replaced with deuterium atoms.
- compounds are selected from compounds 1-12096. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 1-2016. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 2017-4032. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 4033-6048. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 6049-8064. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 8065-10080. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 10081-12096.
- compounds are selected from compounds 673-896, 2689-2912, 4705-4928, 6721-6944, 8737-8960, 10753-10976.
- compounds are selected from compounds 12097-14784.
- compounds are selected from among compounds 12097-12768.
- compounds are selected from compounds 12769-13440.
- compounds are selected from compounds 13441-14112. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 14113-14784. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 12097-12320, 12769-12992, 13441-13664, 14113-14336. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 14785-15008. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 15009-857696. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 15009-155456. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 155457-295904. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 295905-436352, 436353-576800, 576801-717248, 717249-857696.
- compounds are selected from compounds 15009-61824, 436353-483168. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 857697-1700384. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 857697-998144. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 998145-1138592. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 1138593-1279040. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 1279041-1419488. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 1419489-1559936. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 1559937-1700384.
- compounds are selected from compounds 857697-904512, 998145-1044960, 1138593-1185408, 1279041-1325856, 1419489-1466304, 1559937-1606752. In one aspect of the invention, compounds are selected from compounds 951329-998144, 1091777-1138592, 1232225-1279040, 1372673-1419488, 1513121-1559936, 1653569-1700384.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 in general formula (1) are phenyl groups (Ar1), X 1 to X 3 are nitrogen atoms (N), L 1 is a single bond, R 1 to R Structures where 4 is the group identified in Tables 1 and 2 were identified as structures of compounds 1-1700384.
- Table 3 for each of Compounds 1 to 1700384, compounds in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 are changed as shown in Table 3 are shown in order in the form of a table.
- compounds 1 to 1700384 are also displayed to make the correspondence easier to understand.
- compound 1a indicates a compound having a structure in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 of compound 1 are replaced with Ar19.
- Compound 2a is a compound having a structure in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 of Compound 2 are replaced with Ar19.
- Compound 1700384a shows a compound having a structure in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 of compound 1700384 are replaced with Ar19.
- Compounds 1b-1700384b and beyond are identified in the same manner.
- X 1 to X 3 of the compounds specified in Table 3 are all nitrogen atoms (N), and L 1 is a single bond.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) is selected from the group of compounds below.
- the compound may be selected from Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, or Group 5. and may be selected from Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, or Group 10. However, it may be selected from Group 11, Group 12, Group 13, or Group 14.
- the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is, for example, 1500 or less when the organic layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is intended to be formed by a vapor deposition method and used. It is preferably 1200 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less.
- the lower limit of molecular weight is the molecular weight of the smallest compound represented by general formula (1).
- the compound represented by general formula (1) may be formed into a film by a coating method regardless of its molecular weight. If a coating method is used, it is possible to form a film even with a compound having a relatively large molecular weight.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) has the advantage of being easily dissolved in an organic solvent. Therefore, the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be easily applied to the coating method, and can be easily purified to increase its purity.
- a compound containing a plurality of structures represented by general formula (1) in its molecule as a light-emitting material.
- a polymerizable group is preliminarily present in the structure represented by the general formula (1), and a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable group is used as the light-emitting material.
- a polymer having a repeating unit is obtained by preparing a monomer containing a polymerizable functional group at any site of general formula (1) and polymerizing it alone or copolymerizing it with other monomers. It is conceivable to obtain and use the polymer as a light-emitting material. Alternatively, it is conceivable to obtain a dimer or trimer by coupling compounds having a structure represented by general formula (1) and use them as a light-emitting material.
- polymers having repeating units containing the structure represented by general formula (1) include polymers containing structures represented by either of the following two general formulas.
- Q represents a group containing a structure represented by general formula (1)
- L 1 and L 2 represent linking groups.
- the number of carbon atoms in the linking group is preferably 0-20, more preferably 1-15, still more preferably 2-10.
- the linking group preferably has a structure represented by -X 11 -L 11 -.
- X 11 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, preferably an oxygen atom.
- L 11 represents a linking group, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted A phenylene group is more preferred.
- R 101 , R 102 , R 103 and R 104 each independently represent a substituent.
- substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and halogen atoms, more preferably unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, more preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the linking groups represented by L 1 and L 2 can be bonded to any part of general formula (1) constituting Q. Two or more linking groups may be linked to one Q to form a crosslinked structure or network structure.
- a polymer having a repeating unit containing these formulas is obtained by introducing a hydroxy group into any site of the general formula (1), reacting it with the following compound as a linker to introduce a polymerizable group, and It can be synthesized by polymerizing a polymerizable group.
- the polymer containing the structure represented by general formula (1) in the molecule may be a polymer consisting only of repeating units having the structure represented by general formula (1), or may have other structures. It may be a polymer containing a repeating unit having Moreover, the repeating unit having the structure represented by the general formula (1) contained in the polymer may be of a single type, or may be of two or more types. Examples of repeating units having no structure represented by general formula (1) include those derived from monomers used in ordinary copolymerization. Examples thereof include repeating units derived from monomers having ethylenically unsaturated bonds such as ethylene and styrene.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) is a luminescent material. In one embodiment, the compound represented by general formula (1) is a compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the compound represented by general formula (1), when excited by thermal or electronic means, is in the UV region, blue, green, yellow, orange, red regions of the visible spectrum. (eg, about 420 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 600 nm, or about 600 nm to about 700 nm) or can emit light in the near-infrared region.
- compounds represented by general formula (1) when excited by thermal or electronic means, exhibit a red or orange region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 620 nm to about 780 nm, about 650 nm). In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, compounds represented by general formula (1), when excited by thermal or electronic means, exhibit an orange or yellow region of the visible spectrum (eg, about 570 nm to about 620 nm, about 590 nm, about 570 nm). In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the compound represented by general formula (1) is in the green region of the visible spectrum (eg, about 490 nm to about 575 nm, about 510 nm) when excited by thermal or electronic means. Can emit light.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) is in the blue region of the visible spectrum (eg, about 400 nm to about 490 nm, about 475 nm) when excited by thermal or electronic means Can emit light.
- compounds of general formula (1) are capable of emitting light in the ultraviolet spectral region (eg, 280-400 nm) when excited by thermal or electronic means.
- compounds of general formula (1) are capable of emitting light in the infrared spectral region (eg, 780 nm-2 ⁇ m) when excited by thermal or electronic means.
- an organic semiconductor device using the compound represented by general formula (1) can be produced.
- the organic semiconductor element referred to here may be an organic optical element in which light is interposed, or an organic element in which light is not interposed.
- the organic optical element may be an organic light-emitting element that emits light, an organic light-receiving element that receives light, or an element that causes energy transfer by light within the element.
- the compound represented by formula (1) can be used to fabricate organic optical devices such as organic electroluminescence devices and solid-state imaging devices (for example, CMOS image sensors).
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- Electronic properties of small molecule chemical substance libraries can be calculated using known ab initio quantum chemical calculations.
- the Hartree-Fock equations using time-dependent density functional theory with 6-31G* as the basis and a family of functions known as Becke's three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr hybrid functionals (TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-31G*) can be analyzed to screen for molecular fragments (parts) with HOMO above a certain threshold and LUMO below a certain threshold.
- the donor moiety (“D”) can be selected when there is a HOMO energy (eg, ionization potential) of ⁇ 6.5 eV or higher.
- acceptor moieties can be selected when there is a LUMO energy (eg, electron affinity) of ⁇ 0.5 eV or less.
- the bridging moiety (“B”) is, for example, a strongly conjugated system that can tightly constrain the acceptor and donor moieties to specific conformations, thereby allowing overlap between the ⁇ -conjugated systems of the donor and acceptor moieties. to prevent
- compound libraries are screened using one or more of the following properties. 1. Emission around a specific wavelength2. Calculated triplet states above a particular energy level;3. ⁇ EST values below a specified value;4. quantum yield above a specified value;5. HOMO level6.
- the difference between the lowest singlet excited state and the lowest triplet excited state at 77 K is less than about 0.5 eV, less than about 0.4 eV, less than about 0.3 eV, less than about 0.2 eV or less than about 0.1 eV.
- the ⁇ EST value is less than about 0.09 eV, less than about 0.08 eV, less than about 0.07 eV, less than about 0.06 eV, less than about 0.05 eV, less than about 0.04 eV, less than about 0.03 eV. , less than about 0.02 eV or less than about 0.01 eV.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) comprises more than 25% of , about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95% or more.
- the compounds represented by general formula (1) include novel compounds.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) can be synthesized by combining known reactions. For example, by reacting a cyanobenzene having a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group (eg, a phenyl group) and a halogen atom with a substituted ring-fused carbazole substituted with a substituted ring-fused carbazol-9-yl group Compounds of general formula (1) can be synthesized. For details of the reaction conditions, Synthesis Examples described later can be referred to.
- a compound represented by general formula (1) is combined with, dispersed with, covalently bonded with, coated with, supported with, or associated with the compound 1 Used with one or more materials (eg, small molecules, polymers, metals, metal complexes, etc.) to form a solid film or layer.
- a compound represented by general formula (1) can be combined with an electroactive material to form a film.
- compounds of general formula (1) may be combined with hole-transporting polymers.
- a compound of general formula (1) may be combined with an electron transport polymer.
- compounds of general formula (1) may be combined with hole-transporting and electron-transporting polymers.
- compounds of general formula (1) may be combined with copolymers having both hole-transporting and electron-transporting moieties.
- electrons and/or holes formed in the solid film or layer can interact with the compound represented by general formula (1).
- a film comprising a compound represented by general formula (1) can be formed in a wet process.
- a solution of a composition containing a compound of the invention is applied to the surface and a film is formed after removal of the solvent.
- wet processes include spin coating, slit coating, inkjet (spray), gravure printing, offset printing, and flexographic printing, but are not limited to these.
- suitable organic solvents are selected and used that are capable of dissolving compositions containing the compounds of the present invention.
- compounds included in the composition can be introduced with substituents (eg, alkyl groups) that increase their solubility in organic solvents.
- films comprising compounds of the invention can be formed in a dry process.
- the dry process can be vacuum deposition, but is not limited to this.
- the compounds forming the film may be co-deposited from separate deposition sources, or may be co-deposited from a single deposition source in which the compounds are mixed.
- a single vapor deposition source a mixed powder obtained by mixing powders of compounds may be used, a compression molding obtained by compressing the mixed powder may be used, or each compound may be heated, melted, and cooled. Mixtures may also be used.
- the composition ratio of the plurality of compounds contained in the vapor deposition source is reduced by performing co-deposition under conditions in which the vapor deposition rates (weight reduction rates) of the plurality of compounds contained in the single vapor deposition source match or substantially match.
- the temperature at which each of the co-deposited compounds has the same weight loss rate can be identified and used as the temperature during co-deposition.
- the compound represented by formula (1) is useful as a material for organic light-emitting devices. In particular, it is preferably used for organic light-emitting diodes and the like.
- Organic Light Emitting Diode One aspect of the present invention relates to use of the compound represented by general formula (1) of the present invention as a light-emitting material for an organic light-emitting device.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) of the present invention can be effectively used as a light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting device.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) contains delayed fluorescence that emits delayed fluorescence (delayed phosphor).
- the present invention provides a delayed phosphor having a structure represented by general formula (1).
- the present invention relates to the use of compounds represented by general formula (1) as delayed phosphors.
- the present invention provides that the compound represented by general formula (1) can be used as a host material and can be used with one or more luminescent materials, wherein the luminescent material is a fluorescent material, It can be a phosphorescent material or TADF.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) can also be used as a hole transport material.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) can be used as an electron transport material.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing delayed fluorescence from a compound represented by general formula (1).
- an organic light-emitting device containing a compound as a light-emitting material emits delayed fluorescence and exhibits high light emission efficiency.
- the emissive layer comprises a compound represented by general formula (1), and the compound represented by general formula (1) is oriented parallel to the substrate.
- the substrate is a film-forming surface.
- the orientation of the compounds of general formula (1) with respect to the film-forming surface affects or dictates the direction of propagation of light emitted by the aligning compounds.
- aligning the propagation direction of light emitted by compounds represented by general formula (1) improves light extraction efficiency from the emissive layer.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to an organic light emitting device.
- the organic light emitting device includes an emissive layer.
- the light-emitting layer contains a compound represented by general formula (1) as a light-emitting material.
- the organic light emitting device is an organic photoluminescent device (organic PL device).
- the organic light-emitting device is an organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device).
- the compound represented by general formula (1) assists (as a so-called assist dopant) the light emission of other light-emitting materials contained in the light-emitting layer.
- the compound represented by general formula (1) contained in the light-emitting layer is at its lowest excited singlet energy level and is at the lowest excited singlet energy level of the host material contained in the light-emitting layer. It is contained between the lowest excited singlet energy levels of other light-emitting materials contained in the light-emitting layer.
- the organic photoluminescent device includes at least one emissive layer.
- an organic electroluminescent device includes at least an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between said anode and said cathode.
- the organic layers include at least the emissive layer. In some embodiments, the organic layers include only the emissive layer.
- the organic layers include one or more organic layers in addition to the emissive layer.
- organic layers include hole transport layers, hole injection layers, electron blocking layers, hole blocking layers, electron injection layers, electron transport layers and exciton blocking layers.
- the hole transport layer may be a hole injection transport layer with hole injection functionality
- the electron transport layer may be an electron injection transport layer with electron injection functionality.
- the emissive layer is the layer in which holes and electrons injected from the anode and cathode, respectively, recombine to form excitons.
- the layer emits light.
- only emissive materials are used as emissive layers.
- the emissive layer includes an emissive material and a host material.
- the luminescent material is one or more compounds represented by general formula (1).
- singlet and triplet excitons generated in the light-emitting material are confined within the light-emitting material to improve the light emission efficiency of organic electroluminescent and organic photoluminescent devices.
- a host material is used in addition to the emissive material in the emissive layer.
- the host material is an organic compound.
- the organic compound has excited singlet energies and excited triplet energies, at least one of which is higher than those of the light-emitting materials of the present invention.
- the singlet and triplet excitons generated in the luminescent material of the invention are confined within the molecules of the luminescent material of the invention. In certain embodiments, singlet and triplet excitons are sufficiently confined to improve light emission efficiency.
- singlet and triplet excitons are not sufficiently confined, although high light emission efficiency can still be obtained, i.e., host materials that can achieve high light emission efficiency are particularly limited. can be used in the present invention without
- light emission occurs in the emissive material in the emissive layer of the device of the invention.
- emitted light includes both fluorescence and delayed fluorescence.
- the emitted light includes emitted light from the host material.
- the emitted light consists of emitted light from the host material.
- the emitted light includes emitted light from the compound represented by general formula (1) and emitted light from the host material.
- a TADF molecule and a host material are used.
- TADF is an assisting dopant and has a lower excited singlet energy than the host material in the emissive layer and a higher excited singlet energy than the emissive material in the emissive layer.
- the compound represented by formula (1) When the compound represented by formula (1) is used as the assist dopant, various compounds can be employed as the light-emitting material (preferably fluorescent material).
- luminescent materials include anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, naphthacene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, rubrene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, pyran derivatives, stilbene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, anthryl derivatives, pyrromethene derivatives, terphenyl derivatives.
- terphenylene derivatives fluoranthene derivatives, amine derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, malononitrile derivatives, pyran derivatives, carbazole derivatives, julolidine derivatives, thiazole derivatives, derivatives containing metals (Al, Zn), and the like.
- These exemplified skeletons may or may not have a substituent. Also, these exemplary skeletons may be combined. Examples of light-emitting materials that can be used in combination with the assist dopant having the structure represented by the general formula (1) are described below.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (2) can also be mentioned as a more preferable luminescent material.
- R 1 , R 3 to R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R2 represents an acceptor group, or R1 and R2 are bonded together to form an acceptor group, or R2 and R3 are bonded together to form an acceptor group.
- R3 and R4 , R4 and R5 , R5 and R6, R6 and R7, R7 and R8 , R9 and R10 , R10 and R11 , R11 and R12 , R12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 14 and R 15 , R 15 and R 16 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- X 1 represents O or NR, and R represents a substituent.
- X 3 and X 4 are O or NR, and the rest may be O or NR or may not be linked.
- both ends independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- C—R 1 , C—R 3 , C—R 4 , C—R 5 , C—R 6 , C—R 7 , C—R 8 , C—R 9 , C—R in general formula (1) 10 , CR 11 , CR 12 , CR 13 , CR 14 , CR 15 and CR 16 may be substituted with N;
- R7 is an acceptor group, or R6 and R7 are bonded together to form an acceptor group, or R7 and R8 are bonded together to form an acceptor group.
- R10 is an acceptor group, or R9 and R10 are bonded together to form an acceptor group, or R10 and R 11 are bonded to each other to form an acceptor group.
- R15 is an acceptor group, or R14 and R15 are bonded together to form an acceptor group, or R15 and R 16 are bonded to each other to form an acceptor group.
- R when X2 is NR, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and forms a carbazole ring by directly bonding to the carbon atom to which R8 is bonded, At least one of the 3- and 6-positions of the carbazole ring is substituted with an acceptor group.
- X3 when X3 is NR, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and forms a carbazole ring by directly bonding to the carbon atom to which R9 is bonded, At least one of the 3- and 6-positions of the carbazole ring is substituted with an acceptor group.
- R when X4 is NR, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and forms a carbazole ring by directly bonding to the carbon atom to which R16 is bonded, At least one of the 3- and 6-positions of the carbazole ring is substituted with an acceptor group.
- X 1 when X 1 is NR, R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and forms a carbazole ring by directly bonding to the carbon atom to which R 1 is bonded, The 3-position of the carbazole ring is substituted with an acceptor group (where the 3-position is on the phenyl group).
- One aspect of the present invention is a compound represented by the following general formula (2a).
- R 1 , R 3 , R 6 to R 11 , R 14 to R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R2 represents an acceptor group, or R1 and R2 are bonded together to form an acceptor group, or R2 and R3 are bonded together to form an acceptor group.
- R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 14 and R 15 , R 15 and R 16 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- X 1 represents O or NR, and R represents a substituent.
- X 3 and X 4 are O or NR, and the rest may be O or NR or may not be linked. When not linked, both ends independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- C—R 1 , C—R 3 , C—R 6 , C—R 7 , C—R 8 , C—R 9 , C—R 10 , C—R 11 , C—R in general formula (1) 14 , CR 15 and CR 16 may be substituted with N;
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group
- R 3 to R 16 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 9 and R 2 , R 2 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 14 and R 15 , R 15 and R 16 , R 16 and R 1 are bonded to each other A cyclic structure may be formed.
- C—R 3 , C—R 4 , C—R 5 , C—R 6 , C—R 7 , C—R 8 , C—R 9 , C—R 10 , C—R in general formula (1) 11 , CR 12 , CR 13 , CR 14 , CR 15 and CR 16 may be substituted with N;
- each of R 1 and R 2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group optionally condensed with another ring.
- R 3 and R 10 are each independently a substituted amino group.
- at least one of R 1 and R 3 and R 2 and R 10 are combined to form a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure comprises a benzazaborine ring.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (4).
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 to R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 are bonded together to form a cyclic structure
- Substitutable carbon atoms among the benzene ring skeleton-constituting carbon atoms constituting the benzofuran ring, the benzothiophene ring, and the indole ring may be substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- C—R 1 , C—R 2 , C—R 3 , C—R 4 , C—R 5 , C—R 6 , C—R 7 , C—R 8 , C—R in general formula (1) 9 may be substituted with N;
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted non-fused benzene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring-fused furan ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring-fused It is a pyrrole ring in which a thiophene ring and a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring are condensed.
- each of R 1 to R 9 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an acceptor group, or a ring formed by combining R 1 and R 2 , R one selected from the group consisting of a ring formed by combining 2 and R3 , a ring formed by combining R4 and R5 , and a ring formed by combining R5 and R6
- the above rings are a furan ring with condensed substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, a thiophene ring with condensed substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, or a pyrrole ring with condensed substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings.
- R 8 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an acceptor group. In one aspect of the present invention, it contains two or more rings selected from the group consisting of the benzofuran ring, the benzothiophene ring and the indole ring.
- Further preferred light-emitting materials include a furan ring constituting a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran ring, a thiophene ring constituting a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted indole at the carbon-carbon bond a of the structure ⁇ below.
- the pyrrole ring constituting the ring is condensed, or a benzene ring constituting a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring constituting a dibenzothiophene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted A condensed ring structure A in which a benzene ring constituting a substituted carbazole ring or a benzene ring constituting a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzodioxane ring is condensed (even if a hydrogen atom in the structure is substituted with a deuterium atom or a substituent good) can be mentioned.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a nitrogen atom to which a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is bonded, or an oxygen atom;
- Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring;
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent, Z and X2 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- the structure fused to b and X 1 , the structure fused to b and Z, and Z and X 2 may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (5).
- Z 1 is a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or an N- represents a substituted pyrrole ring
- Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- Z 1 and R 1 , R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure. However, at least one pair of R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (6).
- X3 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 and R 4 to R 7 represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 6 and R 7 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure. However, at least one pair of R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (7) can also be mentioned as a more preferable luminescent material.
- X4 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 and R 4a to R 7a represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 , R 4a and R 5a , R 5a and R 6a , R 6a and R 7a , R 7a and R 1 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure You may have However, at least one pair of R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (8).
- Z 1 is a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or an N-substituted substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring condensed.
- Z 3 represents a pyrrole ring
- Z 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 and R 8 to R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- Z 1 and R 1 , R 8 and R 9 , R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , R 12 and R 13 , R 13 and R 14 , R 14 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R3 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- Z 1 and Z 4 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- Z 3 represents a fused N-substituted pyrrole ring
- Z 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 and R 15 to R 17 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- Z 1 and R 1 , Z 4 and R 15 , R 15 and R 16 , R 16 and R 17 , R 17 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- Z 1 and Z 5 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- Z 3 represents a fused N-substituted pyrrole ring
- Z 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- Z 1 and R 1 , R 2 and Z 5 , Z 5 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure. However, at least one pair of R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 3 , Z 3 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (11) can also be mentioned as a more preferable luminescent material.
- Z 1 is a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or an N-substituted substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring condensed.
- R 1 and R 21 to R 27 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and R 21 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , R 25 and R 26 , R 26 and R 27 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (12).
- Z 1 and Z 6 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- R 1 and R 28 to R 30 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and R 28 , R 28 and R 29 , R 29 and R 30 , R 30 and Z 6 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (13).
- Z 1 and Z 7 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 7 , Z 7 and R 3 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure. However, at least one pair of R 2 and Z 2 , Z 2 and Z 7 , Z 7 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (14).
- Z 1 is a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or an N-substituted substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring condensed.
- R 1 and R 31 to R 44 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 31 and R 32 , R 32 and R 33 , R 33 and R 34 , R 34 and R 35 , R 35 and R 36 , R 36 and R 37 , R 37 and R 38 , R 38 and R 39 , R 39 and R 40 , R 40 and R 41 , R 41 and R 42 , R 42 and R 43 , R 43 and R 44 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (15).
- Z 1 and Z 8 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- R 1 and R 51 to R 60 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 51 and R 52 , R 52 and R 53 , R 53 and R 54 , R 54 and R 55 , R 55 and R 56 , R 56 and R 57 , R 57 and R 58 , R 58 and R 59 , R 59 and R 60 , and R 60 and Z 8 may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (16).
- Z 1 , Z 8 and Z 9 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted represents an N-substituted pyrrole ring condensed with a benzene ring of R 1 and R 61 to R 66 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 and Z 1 , Z 9 and R 61 , R 61 and R 62 , R 62 and R 63 , R 63 and R 64 , R 64 and R 65 , R 65 and R 66 , R 66 and Z 8 are bonded to each other may form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (17).
- Z 1 , Z 9 and Z 10 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted represents an N-substituted pyrrole ring condensed with a benzene ring of R 1 and R 67 to R 69 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent; R 70 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , Z 9 and R 67 , R 67 and R 68 , R 68 and R 69 , R 69 and Z 10 , Z 10 and R 70 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (18).
- Z 1 , Z 11 and Z 12 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted represents an N-substituted pyrrole ring fused with a substituted benzene ring
- R 1 and R 72 to R 74 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent
- R 71 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 71 and Z 11 , Z 11 and R 72 , R 72 and R 73 , R 73 and Z 74 , R 74 and Z 12 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (19).
- Z 1 and Z 11 are each independently a furan ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a thiophene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- R 1 and R 76 to R 82 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group
- R75 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and Z 1 , R 75 and Z 11 , Z 11 and R 76 , R 76 and R 77 , R 77 and R 78 , R 78 and R 79 , R 79 and R 80 , R 80 and R 81 , R 81 and R 82 may combine with each other to form a cyclic structure.
- light-emitting materials include compounds represented by the following general formula (20).
- X 5 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom to which a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group is bonded
- R 101 to R 130 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituent; R101 and R102 , R102 and R103 , R103 and R104 , R104 and R105 , R105 and R106 , R106 and R107 , R107 and R108 , R108 and R109 , R109 and R 110 , R 110 and R 111 , R 111 and R 112 , R 112 and R 113 , R 113 and R 114 , R 114 and R 115 , R 115 and R 116 , R 116 and R 117 , R 117 and R 118 , R118 and R119 , R119 and R120 , R120 and R121, R121 and R122 , R122 and
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (21).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group;
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring,
- R 3 to R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 , Z 1 and Z 2 includes a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene ring, and a substituted or unsubstituted indole ring.
- R 1 and Z 1 , Z 1 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and Z 2 , Z 2 and R 2 , R 2 and R 6 , R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , and R 9 and R 1 may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- Substitutable carbon atoms among the benzene ring skeleton-constituting carbon atoms constituting the benzofuran ring, the benzothiophene ring, and the indole ring may be substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- C—R 3 , C—R 4 , C—R 5 , C—R 6 , C—R 7 , C—R 8 and C—R 9 in general formula (1) may be substituted with N good.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran ring and a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene. It is a group containing one or more ring structures selected from the group consisting of a ring and a substituted or unsubstituted indole ring.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted non-fused benzene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring-fused furan ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring-fused a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a benzene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran ring, a benzene ring condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted It is a benzene ring in which an indole ring is condensed.
- R 1 and Z 1 are bonded together to form a cyclic structure.
- R 1 and Z 1 are bonded together to form a cyclic structure.
- a more preferable luminescent material is a compound represented by the following general formula (22).
- one of X 1 and X 2 is a nitrogen atom and the other is a boron atom.
- R 1 to R 26 , A 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 6 and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 9 and R10 , R10 and R11 , R11 and R12 , R13 and R14 , R14 and R15, R15 and R16 , R16 and R17 , R17 and R18 , R18 and R 19 , R 19 and R 20 , R 20 and R 21 , R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , R 25 and R 26 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic It may form a structure.
- X 1 is a nitrogen atom
- R 7 and R 8 and R 21 and R 22 are bonded through a nitrogen atom to form a 6-membered ring
- R 17 and R 18 are bonded together to form a single bond at least one of R 1 to R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R5 and R6 are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring.
- R 3 and R 6 is a substituent. In one aspect of the invention, both R 3 and R 6 are substituents. In one aspect of the present invention, the substituents represented by R 3 and R 6 are one group or a combination of two or more groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and aryl groups. In one aspect of the invention, both R 8 and R 12 are substituents.
- One aspect of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1a).
- Ar 1 to Ar 4 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- R 41 and R 42 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- m1 and m2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5;
- n1 and n3 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4;
- n2 and n4 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3;
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituent.
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a group having a Hammett's ⁇ p value of greater than 0.2. In one aspect of the invention, both A 1 and A 2 are cyano groups. In one aspect of the present invention, both A 1 and A 2 are halogen atoms.
- One aspect of the invention has a rotationally symmetrical structure.
- the amount of the compound of the present invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 0.1% by weight or more. In one embodiment, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 1% or more by weight. In one embodiment, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 50% by weight or less. In one embodiment, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the present invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 20% by weight or less.
- the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 10% by weight or less.
- the host material of the emissive layer is an organic compound with hole-transporting and electron-transporting functionality.
- the host material of the emissive layer is an organic compound that prevents the wavelength of emitted light from increasing.
- the host material of the emissive layer is an organic compound with a high glass transition temperature.
- the host material is selected from the group consisting of:
- the emissive layer comprises two or more structurally different TADF molecules.
- the light-emitting layer can be made to contain three kinds of materials in which the excited singlet energy level is higher in the order of the host material, the first TADF molecule, and the second TADF molecule.
- the difference ⁇ EST between the lowest excited singlet energy level and the lowest excited triplet energy level at 77K is preferably 0.3 eV or less, and 0.25 eV or less.
- the concentration of the first TADF molecules in the light-emitting layer is higher than the concentration of the second TADF molecules.
- the concentration of the host material in the light-emitting layer is preferably higher than the concentration of the second TADF molecules.
- the concentration of the first TADF molecules in the light-emitting layer may be greater than, less than, or the same as the concentration of the host material.
- the composition within the emissive layer may be 10-70% by weight of the host material, 10-80% by weight of the first TADF molecule, and 0.1-30% by weight of the second TADF molecule. In some embodiments, the composition within the emissive layer may be 20-45% by weight of the host material, 50-75% by weight of the first TADF molecule, and 5-20% by weight of the second TADF molecule.
- the emissive layer can include three structurally different TADF molecules.
- the compound of the present invention can be any of a plurality of TADF compounds contained in the emissive layer.
- the emissive layer can be composed of materials selected from the group consisting of host materials, assisting dopants, and emissive materials.
- the emissive layer does not contain metallic elements.
- the emissive layer can be composed of a material consisting only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms.
- the light-emitting layer can be composed of a material composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms.
- the light-emitting layer can be composed of a material composed only of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms.
- the TADF material may be a known delayed fluorescence material.
- Preferred delayed fluorescence materials include paragraphs 0008 to 0048 and 0095 to 0133 of WO2013/154064, paragraphs 0007 to 0047 and 0073 to 0085 of WO2013/011954, and paragraphs 0007 to 0033 and 0059 to 0066 of WO2013/011955.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is held by a substrate, which is not particularly limited and commonly used in organic electroluminescent devices such as glass, transparent plastic, quartz and silicon. Any material formed by
- the anode of the organic electroluminescent device is made from metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or combinations thereof.
- the metal, alloy or conductive compound has a high work function (4 eV or greater).
- the metal is Au.
- the conductive transparent material is selected from CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO2 and ZnO. Some embodiments use amorphous materials that can form transparent conductive films, such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO).
- the anode is a thin film. In some embodiments, the thin film is made by evaporation or sputtering.
- the film is patterned by photolithographic methods. In some embodiments, if the pattern does not need to be highly precise (eg, about 100 ⁇ m or greater), the pattern may be formed using a mask with a shape suitable for vapor deposition or sputtering onto the electrode material. In some embodiments, wet film forming methods such as printing and coating methods are used when coating materials such as organic conductive compounds can be applied.
- the anode has a transmittance of greater than 10% when emitted light passes through the anode, and the anode has a sheet resistance of several hundred ohms per unit area or less. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode is 10-1,000 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode is 10-200 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode varies depending on the material used.
- the cathode is made of electrode materials such as metals with a low work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as electron-injecting metals), alloys, conductive compounds, or combinations thereof.
- the electrode material is sodium, sodium-potassium alloys, magnesium, lithium, magnesium-copper mixtures, magnesium-silver mixtures, magnesium-aluminum mixtures, magnesium-indium mixtures, aluminum-aluminum oxide ( Al2 O 3 ) mixtures, indium, lithium-aluminum mixtures and rare earth elements.
- a mixture of an electron-injecting metal and a second metal that is a stable metal with a higher work function than the electron-injecting metal is used.
- the mixture is selected from magnesium-silver mixtures, magnesium-aluminum mixtures, magnesium-indium mixtures, aluminum-aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium-aluminum mixtures and aluminum. In some embodiments, the mixture improves electron injection properties and resistance to oxidation.
- the cathode is manufactured by depositing or sputtering the electrode material as a thin film. In some embodiments, the cathode has a sheet resistance of no more than several hundred ohms per unit area. In some embodiments, the thickness of said cathode is between 10 nm and 5 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the cathode is 50-200 nm.
- either one of the anode and cathode of the organic electroluminescent device is transparent or translucent to allow transmission of emitted light.
- transparent or translucent electroluminescent elements enhance light radiance.
- the cathode is formed of a conductive transparent material as described above for the anode, thereby forming a transparent or translucent cathode.
- the device includes an anode and a cathode, both transparent or translucent.
- the injection layer is the layer between the electrode and the organic layer. In some embodiments, the injection layer reduces drive voltage and enhances light radiance. In some embodiments, the injection layer comprises a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer. The injection layer can be placed between the anode and the light-emitting layer or hole-transporting layer and between the cathode and the light-emitting layer or electron-transporting layer. In some embodiments, an injection layer is present. In some embodiments, there is no injection layer. Preferred examples of compounds that can be used as the hole injection material are given below.
- a barrier layer is a layer that can prevent charges (electrons or holes) and/or excitons present in the light-emitting layer from diffusing out of the light-emitting layer.
- an electron blocking layer is between the light-emitting layer and the hole-transporting layer to block electrons from passing through the light-emitting layer to the hole-transporting layer.
- a hole blocking layer is between the emissive layer and the electron transport layer and blocks holes from passing through the emissive layer to the electron transport layer.
- the barrier layer prevents excitons from diffusing out of the emissive layer.
- the electron blocking layer and the hole blocking layer constitute an exciton blocking layer.
- the terms "electron blocking layer” or "exciton blocking layer” include layers that have the functionality of both an electron blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer.
- Hole blocking layer functions as an electron transport layer. In some embodiments, the hole blocking layer blocks holes from reaching the electron transport layer during electron transport. In some embodiments, the hole blocking layer increases the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the emissive layer.
- the materials used for the hole blocking layer can be the same materials as described above for the electron transport layer. Preferred examples of compounds that can be used in the hole blocking layer are given below.
- Electron barrier layer The electron blocking layer transports holes. In some embodiments, the electron blocking layer prevents electrons from reaching the hole transport layer during hole transport. In some embodiments, the electron blocking layer increases the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the emissive layer.
- the materials used for the electron blocking layer may be the same materials as described above for the hole transport layer. Specific examples of preferred compounds that can be used as the electron barrier material are given below.
- Exciton barrier layer The exciton blocking layer prevents excitons generated through recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing to the charge transport layer. In some embodiments, the exciton blocking layer allows effective confinement of excitons in the emissive layer. In some embodiments, the light emission efficiency of the device is improved. In some embodiments, an exciton blocking layer is adjacent to the emissive layer on either the anode side or the cathode side, and on both sides thereof. In some embodiments, when an exciton blocking layer is present on the anode side, it may be present between and adjacent to the hole-transporting layer and the light-emitting layer.
- an exciton blocking layer when an exciton blocking layer is present on the cathode side, it may be between and adjacent to the emissive layer and the cathode. In some embodiments, a hole-injection layer, electron-blocking layer, or similar layer is present between the anode and an exciton-blocking layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer on the anode side. In some embodiments, a hole injection layer, electron blocking layer, hole blocking layer or similar layer is present between the cathode and an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the emissive layer on the cathode side. In some embodiments, the exciton blocking layer comprises an excited singlet energy and an excited triplet energy, at least one of which is higher than the excited singlet energy and triplet energy, respectively, of the emissive material.
- the hole-transporting layer comprises a hole-transporting material.
- the hole transport layer is a single layer.
- the hole transport layer has multiple layers.
- the hole transport material has one property of a hole injection or transport property and an electron barrier property.
- the hole transport material is an organic material.
- the hole transport material is an inorganic material. Examples of known hole transport materials that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolones.
- the hole transport material is selected from porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds. In some embodiments, the hole transport material is an aromatic tertiary amine compound. Specific examples of preferred compounds that can be used as the hole-transporting material are given below.
- the electron transport layer includes an electron transport material.
- the electron transport layer is a single layer.
- the electron transport layer has multiple layers.
- the electron-transporting material need only function to transport electrons injected from the cathode to the emissive layer.
- the electron transport material also functions as a hole blocking material.
- electron-transporting layers examples include, but are not limited to, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidene methane derivatives, anthraquinodimethanes, anthrone derivatives, oxazide Azole derivatives, azole derivatives, azine derivatives or combinations thereof, or polymers thereof.
- the electron transport material is a thiadiazole derivative or a quinoxaline derivative.
- the electron transport material is a polymeric material. Specific examples of preferred compounds that can be used as the electron-transporting material are given below.
- examples of preferred compounds as materials that can be added to each organic layer are given.
- it may be added as a stabilizing material.
- Preferred materials that can be used in organic electroluminescence elements are specifically exemplified, but materials that can be used in the present invention are not limitedly interpreted by the following exemplified compounds. Moreover, even compounds exemplified as materials having specific functions can be used as materials having other functions.
- the emissive layer is incorporated into the device.
- devices include, but are not limited to, OLED bulbs, OLED lamps, television displays, computer monitors, mobile phones and tablets.
- an electronic device includes an OLED having at least one organic layer including an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode.
- compositions described herein can be incorporated into various photosensitive or photoactivated devices, such as OLEDs or optoelectronic devices.
- the composition may be useful in facilitating charge or energy transfer within a device and/or as a hole transport material.
- OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
- OICs organic integrated circuits
- O-FETs organic field effect transistors
- O-TFTs organic thin film transistors
- O-LETs organic light emitting transistors
- O-SC organic solar cells.
- O-SC organic optical detectors
- O-FQD organic field-quench devices
- LOC luminescent fuel cells
- O-lasers organic laser diodes
- an electronic device includes an OLED including at least one organic layer including an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode.
- the device includes OLEDs of different colors.
- the device includes an array including combinations of OLEDs.
- said combination of OLEDs is a combination of three colors (eg RGB).
- the combination of OLEDs is a combination of colors other than red, green, and blue (eg, orange and yellow-green).
- said combination of OLEDs is a combination of two, four or more colors.
- the device a circuit board having a first side with a mounting surface and a second opposite side and defining at least one opening; at least one OLED on the mounting surface, wherein the at least one OLED comprises at least one organic layer comprising an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode to emit light; at least one OLED comprising a housing for a circuit board; at least one connector disposed at an end of said housing, said housing and said connector defining a package suitable for attachment to a lighting fixture.
- the OLED light comprises multiple OLEDs mounted on a circuit board such that light is emitted in multiple directions. In some embodiments, some light emitted in the first direction is polarized and emitted in the second direction. In some embodiments, a reflector is used to polarize light emitted in the first direction.
- the emissive layers of the invention can be used in screens or displays.
- the compounds of the present invention are deposited onto a substrate using processes such as, but not limited to, vacuum evaporation, deposition, evaporation or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- the substrate is a photoplate structure useful in two-sided etching to provide unique aspect ratio pixels.
- Said screens also called masks
- the corresponding artwork pattern design allows placement of very steep narrow tie-bars between pixels in the vertical direction as well as large and wide beveled openings in the horizontal direction.
- the internal patterning of the pixels makes it possible to construct three-dimensional pixel openings with various aspect ratios in the horizontal and vertical directions. Additionally, the use of imaged "stripes" or halftone circles in pixel areas protects etching in specific areas until these specific patterns are undercut and removed from the substrate. All pixel areas are then treated with a similar etch rate, but their depth varies with the halftone pattern. Varying the size and spacing of the halftone patterns allows etching with varying degrees of protection within the pixel, allowing for the localized deep etching necessary to form steep vertical bevels. . A preferred material for the evaporation mask is Invar.
- Invar is a metal alloy that is cold rolled into long thin sheets in steel mills. Invar cannot be electrodeposited onto a spin mandrel as a nickel mask.
- a suitable and low-cost method for forming the open areas in the deposition mask is by wet chemical etching.
- the screen or display pattern is a matrix of pixels on a substrate.
- screen or display patterns are fabricated using lithography (eg, photolithography and e-beam lithography).
- the screen or display pattern is processed using wet chemical etching.
- the screen or display pattern is fabricated using plasma etching.
- An OLED display is generally manufactured by forming a large mother panel and then cutting the mother panel into cell panels.
- each cell panel on a mother panel is formed by forming a thin film transistor (TFT) having an active layer and source/drain electrodes on a base substrate, coating the TFT with a planarizing film, pixel electrodes, and a light emitting layer. , a counter electrode and an encapsulation layer, are sequentially formed and cut from the mother panel.
- TFT thin film transistor
- An OLED display is generally manufactured by forming a large mother panel and then cutting the mother panel into cell panels.
- each cell panel on a mother panel is formed by forming a thin film transistor (TFT) having an active layer and source/drain electrodes on a base substrate, coating the TFT with a planarizing film, pixel electrodes, and a light emitting layer. , a counter electrode and an encapsulation layer, are sequentially formed and cut from the mother panel.
- TFT thin film transistor
- an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display comprising: forming a barrier layer on the base substrate of the mother panel; forming a plurality of display units on the barrier layer in cell panel units; forming an encapsulation layer over each of the display units of the cell panel; and applying an organic film to the interfaces between the cell panels.
- the barrier layer is an inorganic film, eg, made of SiNx, and the edges of the barrier layer are covered with an organic film, made of polyimide or acrylic.
- the organic film helps the mother panel to be softly cut into cell panels.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) layer has an emissive layer, a gate electrode, and source/drain electrodes.
- Each of the plurality of display units may have a thin film transistor (TFT) layer, a planarization film formed on the TFT layer, and a light-emitting unit formed on the planarization film;
- the applied organic film is made of the same material as that of the planarizing film, and is formed at the same time as the planarizing film is formed.
- the light-emitting unit is coupled with the TFT layer by a passivation layer, a planarizing film therebetween, and an encapsulation layer that covers and protects the light-emitting unit.
- the organic film is not connected to the display unit or encapsulation layer.
- each of the organic film and the planarizing film may include one of polyimide and acrylic.
- the barrier layer may be an inorganic film.
- the base substrate may be formed of polyimide.
- the method further includes attaching a carrier substrate made of a glass material to one surface of a base substrate made of polyimide before forming a barrier layer on another surface of the base substrate; separating the carrier substrate from the base substrate prior to cutting along the interface.
- the OLED display is a flexible display.
- the passivation layer is an organic film placed on the TFT layer to cover the TFT layer.
- the planarizing film is an organic film formed over a passivation layer.
- the planarizing film is formed of polyimide or acrylic, as is the organic film formed on the edge of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the planarizing film and the organic film are formed simultaneously during the manufacture of an OLED display. In some embodiments, the organic film may be formed on the edge of the barrier layer such that a portion of the organic film is in direct contact with the base substrate and a remaining portion of the organic film is , in contact with the barrier layer while surrounding the edges of the barrier layer.
- the emissive layer comprises a pixel electrode, a counter electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode.
- the pixel electrodes are connected to source/drain electrodes of the TFT layer.
- a suitable voltage is formed between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, causing the organic light-emitting layer to emit light, thereby displaying an image. is formed.
- An image forming unit having a TFT layer and a light emitting unit is hereinafter referred to as a display unit.
- the encapsulation layer that covers the display unit and prevents the penetration of external moisture may be formed into a thin encapsulation structure in which organic films and inorganic films are alternately laminated.
- the encapsulation layer has a thin film-like encapsulation structure in which multiple thin films are stacked.
- the organic film applied to the interface portion is spaced apart from each of the plurality of display units.
- the organic film is formed such that a portion of the organic film is in direct contact with the base substrate and a remaining portion of the organic film is in contact with the barrier layer while surrounding the edges of the barrier layer. be done.
- the OLED display is flexible and uses a flexible base substrate made of polyimide.
- the base substrate is formed on a carrier substrate made of glass material, and then the carrier substrate is separated.
- a barrier layer is formed on the surface of the base substrate opposite the carrier substrate.
- the barrier layer is patterned according to the size of each cell panel. For example, a base substrate is formed on all surfaces of a mother panel, while barrier layers are formed according to the size of each cell panel, thereby forming grooves at the interfaces between the barrier layers of the cell panels. Each cell panel can be cut along the groove.
- the manufacturing method further comprises cutting along the interface, wherein a groove is formed in the barrier layer, at least a portion of the organic film is formed with the groove, and the groove is Does not penetrate the base substrate.
- a TFT layer of each cell panel is formed, and a passivation layer, which is an inorganic film, and a planarization film, which is an organic film, are placed on and cover the TFT layer.
- the planarizing film eg made of polyimide or acrylic
- the interface grooves are covered with an organic film, eg made of polyimide or acrylic. This prevents cracking by having the organic film absorb the impact that occurs when each cell panel is cut along the groove at the interface.
- the grooves at the interfaces between the barrier layers are coated with an organic film to absorb shocks that might otherwise be transmitted to the barrier layers, so that each cell panel is softly cut and the barrier layers It may prevent cracks from forming.
- the organic film covering the groove of the interface and the planarizing film are spaced apart from each other. For example, when the organic film and the planarizing film are connected to each other as a single layer, external moisture may enter the display unit through the planarizing film and the portion where the organic film remains. The organic film and planarizing film are spaced from each other such that the organic film is spaced from the display unit.
- the display unit is formed by forming a light emitting unit and an encapsulating layer is placed over the display unit to cover the display unit.
- the carrier substrate carrying the base substrate is separated from the base substrate.
- the carrier substrate separates from the base substrate due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the carrier substrate and the base substrate.
- the mother panel is cut into cell panels.
- the mother panel is cut along the interfaces between the cell panels using a cutter.
- the interface groove along which the mother panel is cut is coated with an organic film so that the organic film absorbs impact during cutting.
- the barrier layer can be prevented from cracking during cutting.
- the method reduces the reject rate of the product and stabilizes its quality.
- Another embodiment includes a barrier layer formed on a base substrate, a display unit formed on the barrier layer, an encapsulation layer formed on the display unit, and an organic layer applied to the edges of the barrier layer.
- An OLED display comprising a film.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature, and potassium carbonate (51.1 g, 370 mmol), 2-bromo-4-chloro-nitrobenzene (52.5 g, 222 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (10.7 g, 9.5 g, 9.5 g) was added. 25 mmol) and deionized water (100 mL) were added and stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours. The reaction solution was returned to room temperature, filtered through celite, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (tetrahydrofuran) to obtain 33.3 g (83.3 mmol, yield 45%) of compound d as a yellow solid.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature, washed with water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
- Example 1 Preparation and evaluation of thin film Compound 1 was vapor-deposited on a quartz substrate by a vacuum vapor deposition method at a degree of vacuum of less than 1 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, and a neat thin film of compound 1 was formed with a thickness of 100 nm. formed.
- the compound 1 and mCBP were vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources on a quartz substrate by a vacuum vapor deposition method at a degree of vacuum of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and the concentration of the compound 1 was 20% by weight.
- a doped thin film was formed with a thickness of 100 nm.
- a neat thin film and a doped thin film were formed in the same manner using compound 1 (Db), compound 1 (Dg), compound 3, and comparative compound 1 instead of compound 1, respectively.
- the maximum emission wavelength ( ⁇ max) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) were measured when each formed doped thin film was irradiated with excitation light of 300 nm.
- the HOMO energy (E HOMO ) and the LUMO energy (E LUMO ) were also measured using each of the formed neat thin films. Table 4 shows the results.
- Example 2 Fabrication and evaluation of organic electroluminescence device
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Lamination was performed at 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- HAT-CN was formed on ITO to a thickness of 10 nm
- NPD was formed thereon to a thickness of 35 nm
- PTCz was formed thereon to a thickness of 10 nm.
- H1 and compound 1 were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a layer with a thickness of 40 nm, which was used as a light-emitting layer.
- the concentration of compound 1 in the light-emitting layer was 30% by mass.
- Liq and SF3-TRZ were co-evaporated from different deposition sources to form a layer with a thickness of 20 nm.
- the concentrations of Liq and SF3-TRZ in this layer were 30% and 70% by weight, respectively.
- Liq was formed to a thickness of 2 nm, and then aluminum (Al) was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode, thereby forming an organic electroluminescence device.
- each organic electroluminescence device was produced by the same procedure.
- the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of each organic electroluminescence device at 6.3 mA, the driving voltage (V init ), the lifetime of delayed fluorescence ( ⁇ 2), and the emission intensity at 12.6 mA/cm 2 are 95% of those at the start of the test.
- Table 4 shows the results of the measurement of the elapsed time (LT95). LT95 is indicated as a relative value when the element using the comparative compound 1 is set to 1.
- Example 3 Production and Evaluation of Organic Electroluminescence Device Using Compound 1 as Assist Dopant Instead of the light-emitting layer in Example 2, H1, compound 1, and EM1, which is a light-emitting material, were deposited in order from different vapor deposition sources for 69.
- An organic electroluminescence device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm was formed by vapor deposition of 5% by weight, 30.0% by weight, and 0.5% by weight. was made.
- the maximum emission wavelength ( ⁇ max) of the produced organic electroluminescence device was 528 nm, and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 6.3 mA was 20.9%.
- the durability of the device was also good. From the above, it was confirmed that even when the compound represented by the general formula (1) was used as the assist dopant, it was possible to provide an organic electroluminescence device with high luminous efficiency and good durability.
- the present invention has high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 前記環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基が、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリール基で置換されている、[1]に記載の化合物。
[3] 前記環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子からなる群より選択される1以上の原子を環骨格構成原子とする環が縮合したカルバゾール-9-イル基である、[1]または[2]に記載の化合物
[4] X1~X3がNである、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物。
[5] Ar1およびAr2が、重水素原子で置換されていてもよいアリール基である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物。
[6] L1が単結合である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物。
[7] R1が水素原子である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物。
[8] R3がフェニル基である、[7]に記載の化合物。
[9] R2およびR4が同一の置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である、[8]に記載の化合物。
[10] 重水素原子を少なくとも1つ有する、[1]~[9]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物。
[11] [1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物からなる発光材料。
[12] [1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物からなる遅延蛍光体。
[13] [1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物を含む膜。
[14] [1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物を含む有機半導体素子。
[15] [1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の化合物を含む有機発光素子。
[16] 前記素子が前記化合物を含む層を有しており、前記層がホスト材料も含む、[15]に記載の有機発光素子。
[17] 前記化合物を含む層が、前記化合物および前記ホスト材料の他に遅延蛍光材料も含み、前記遅延蛍光材料の最低励起一重項エネルギーが前記ホスト材料より低く、前記化合物よりも高い、[16]に記載の有機発光素子。
[18] 前記素子が前記化合物を含む層を有しており、前記層が前記化合物とは異なる構造を有する発光材料も含む、[16]に記載の有機発光素子。
[19] 前記素子に含まれる材料のうち、前記化合物からの発光量が最大である、[16]~[18]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[20] 前記発光材料からの発光量が前記化合物からの発光量よりも多い、[18]に記載の有機発光素子。
[21] 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子である、[15]~[20]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[22] 遅延蛍光を放射する、[15]~[21]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
R1~R4のうちの2個以上はドナー性基であり、その2個以上のドナー性基のうちの少なくとも1個は置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。本発明の好ましい一態様では、少なくともR2が置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。本発明の好ましい一態様では、少なくともR4が置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。本発明では、R1が置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、また、R3が置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよい。本発明の好ましい一態様では、R2およびR4が各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であり、例えばR1~R4のうちR2とR4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。R2とR4は同一であることが好ましい。ただし、R2とR4は異なっていてもよい。本発明では、R2およびR3だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、R3およびR4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよい。また、R1およびR2だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、R1およびR3だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、R1およびR4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよい。本発明の一態様では、R2~R4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、すべてが同一であってもよいし、1つだけ異なっていてもよいし、また、すべてが異なっていてもよい。また、R1~R3が各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、R1、R2、R4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、R1、R3、R4だけが各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよい。本発明の一態様では、R1~R4が各々独立に置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよく、すべてが同一であってもよいし、1つだけ異なっていてもよいし、また、すべてが異なっていてもよい。
好ましい置換ベンゾフラン縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基は、ベンゾフラン環が2,3位で1つだけ縮合し、その他に環が縮合していないカルバゾール-9-イル基である。具体的には、下記のいずれかの構造を有する基であり、下記構造中の水素原子の少なくとも1つは置換されている。
好ましい置換ベンゾチオフェン縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基は、ベンゾチオフェン環が2,3位で1つだけ縮合し、その他に環が縮合していないカルバゾール-9-イル基である。具体的には、下記のいずれかの構造を有する基であり、下記構造中の水素原子の少なくとも1つは置換されている。
好ましい置換インドール縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基は、インドール環が2,3位で1つだけ縮合し、その他に環が縮合していないカルバゾール-9-イル基である。具体的には、下記のいずれかの構造を有する基であり、下記構造中の水素原子の少なくとも1つは置換されている。下記構造中のR’は水素原子または置換基を表す。本発明の一態様では、R’は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基であり、好ましくは置換もしくは無置換のアリール基である。アリール基およびアルキル基の置換基は、置換基群Aから選択してもよいし、置換基群Bから選択してもよいし、置換基群Cから選択してもよいし、置換基群Dから選択してもよいし、置換基群Eから選択してもよい。本発明の好ましい一態様では、アリール基およびアルキル基は無置換である。
アリール基は、単環であってもよいし、2つ以上の環が縮合した縮合環であってもよい。縮合環である場合、縮合している環の数は2~6であることが好ましく、例えば2~4の中から選択することができる。環の具体例として、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、トリフェニレン環を挙げることができる。本発明の一態様では、アリール基は置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基、置換もしくは無置換のナフタレン-1-イル基、または置換もしくは無置換のナフタレン-2-イル基であり、好ましくは置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基である。アリール基の置換基は、例えば置換基群Aから選択してもよいし、置換基群Bから選択してもよいし、置換基群Cから選択してもよいし、置換基群Dから選択してもよいし、置換基群Eから選択してもよい。本発明の一態様では、アリール基の置換基は、アルキル基、アリール基および重水素原子からなる群より選択される1つ以上である。本発明の好ましい一態様では、アリール基は無置換である。
アルキル基は、直鎖状、分枝状、環状のいずれであってもよい。また、直鎖部分と環状部分と分枝部分のうちの2種以上が混在していてもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は、例えば1以上、2以上、4以上とすることができる。また、炭素数は30以下、20以下、10以下、6以下、4以下とすることができる。アルキル基の具体例として、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、イソオクチル基、n-ノニル基、イソノニル基、n-デカニル基、イソデカニル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基を挙げることができる。置換基たるアルキル基は、さらに例えば重水素原子、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。本発明の一態様では、アルキル基の置換基は、アリール基および重水素原子からなる群より選択される1つ以上である。本発明の好ましい一態様では、アルキル基は無置換である。
環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基に置換している置換基の数は、1~10個であることが好ましく、1~6個であることがより好ましく、1~4個であることがさらに好ましく、例えば1個であってもよく、例えば2個であってもよい。本発明の好ましい一態様では、環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基の3位または6位のいずれかが置換されている。本発明の好ましい一態様では、環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基に存在するヘテロ原子からみてベンゼン環のパラ位に置換基を少なくとも1つ有する。本発明の好ましい一態様では、環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基に存在するヘテロ原子からみてベンゼン環のパラ位にだけ置換基を少なくとも1つ有する。本発明の好ましい一態様では、環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基に存在するヘテロ原子からみてベンゼン環の置換可能なパラ位のすべてに置換基を有する。
本発明の一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はD1~D224、D1(Da)~D224(Da)、D1(Db)~D224(Db)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基として、D1~D224、D1(Da)~D224(Da)、D1(Db)~D224(Db)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
本発明の好ましい一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はD1~D31、D1(Da)~D31(Da)、D1(Db)~D31(Db)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基として、D1~D31、D1(Da)~D31(Da)、D1(Db)~D31(Db)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
本発明のより好ましい一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はD1~D9、D1(Da)~D9(Da)、D1(Db)~D9(Db)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基として、D1~D9、D1(Da)~D9(Da)、D1(Db)~D9(Db)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
本発明の好ましい一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はD10~D31、D10(Da)~D31(Da)、D10(Db)~D31(Db)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基として、D10~D31、D10(Da)~D31(Da)、D10(Db)~D31(Db)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
ドナー性基は、ハメットのσp値が負の基の中から選択することができる。ハメットのσp値は、L.P.ハメットにより提唱されたものであり、パラ置換ベンゼン誘導体の反応速度または平衡に及ぼす置換基の影響を定量化したものである。具体的には、パラ置換ベンゼン誘導体における置換基と反応速度定数または平衡定数の間に成立する下記式:
log(k/k0) = ρσp
または
log(K/K0) = ρσp
における置換基に特有な定数(σp)である。上式において、k0は置換基を持たないベンゼン誘導体の速度定数、kは置換基で置換されたベンゼン誘導体の速度定数、K0は置換基を持たないベンゼン誘導体の平衡定数、Kは置換基で置換されたベンゼン誘導体の平衡定数、ρは反応の種類と条件によって決まる反応定数を表す。本発明における「ハメットのσp値」に関する説明と各置換基の数値については、Hansch,C.et.al.,Chem.Rev.,91,165-195(1991)のσp値に関する記載を参照することができる。
その他のドナー性基は、環縮合インドール-1-イル基であってもよい。環縮合インドール-1-イル基を構成する環の数は、4以上であり、4~9であることがより好ましく、4~7であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の好ましい一態様では、その他のドナー性基は置換もしくは無置換の非縮環カルバゾール-9-イル基である。その他のドナー性基は、無置換の縮環カルバゾール-9-イル基であってもよい。このとき、縮環カルバゾール-9-イル基の縮合環を構成する環の数は、4以上であり、5~9であることがより好ましく、5~7であることがさらに好ましい。本発明の一態様では、縮合環を構成する環の数は6である。本発明の一態様では、縮合環を構成する環の数は7である。本発明の一態様では、縮合環を構成する環の数は5である。いずれの場合であっても、縮合環の環骨格構成炭素原子には置換基が結合していない。なお、ここでいうカルバゾール-9-イル基を構成する2つのベンゼン環の環骨格構成炭素原子の少なくとも1つは窒素原子で置換されていてもよい。
本発明の一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はZ1~Z209、Z1(Da)~Z209(Da)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、その他のドナー性基として、Z1~Z209、Z1(Da)~Z209(Da)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
本発明の一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はZ1~Z6、Z195~Z209、Z1(Da)~Z6(Da)、Z195(Da)~Z209(Da)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、その他のドナー性基として、Z1~Z6、Z195~Z209、Z1(Da)~Z6(Da)、Z195(Da)~Z209(Da)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
本発明の一態様では、一般式(1)で表される化合物はZ7~Z194、Z7(Da)~Z194(Da)からなる群より選択される基を有する。例えば、その他のドナー性基として、Z7~Z194、Z7(Da)~Z194(Da)からなる群より選択される基だけを有する。
アリール基とアルキル基の説明と好ましい範囲については、上記の置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基の記載欄におけるアリール基とアルキル基の説明と好ましい範囲を参照することができる。本発明の一態様では、アリール基とアルキル基の水素原子は、重水素原子や置換基群Eから選ばれる基で置換されていてもよい。本発明の一態様では、アリール基とアルキル基は無置換である。
アルキル基の具体例として、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、n-プロピル基、tertーブチル基を挙げることができる。また、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基の具体例として以下の基を挙げることができる。ただし、本発明で採用することができる置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基は、これらの具体例によって限定的に解釈されることはない。なお、以下の具体例において、t-Buはtert-ブチル基を表し、*は結合位置を示す。
本発明の一態様では、R1が置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基である。本発明の一態様では、R2が置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基である。本発明の一態様では、R3が置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基である。本発明の一態様では、R4が置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基である。
本発明の一態様では、R1が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基である。本発明の一態様では、R2が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基である。本発明の好ましい一態様では、R3が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基である。本発明の一態様では、R4が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基である。
本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のうちの3つがドナー性基であり、1つが水素原子または重水素原子である。本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のうちの3つがドナー性基であり、1つが置換もしくは無置換のアリール基(好ましくは無置換のアリール基)である。本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のうちの3つがアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であり、1つが水素原子または重水素原子である。本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のうちの3つがアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であり、1つが置換もしくは無置換のアリール基(好ましくは無置換のアリール基)である。
本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のすべてがドナー性基である。本発明の一態様では、R1~R4のすべてがアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。
本発明の好ましい一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2およびR4がドナー性基(好ましくはアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基)であり、R3が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基(好ましくは無置換のアリール基)である。本発明の一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2およびR4がドナー性基(好ましくはアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基)であり、R3が置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基(好ましくは無置換のアルキル基)である。本発明の一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2およびR4がドナー性基(好ましくはアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基)であり、R3が水素原子または重水素原子である。本発明の一態様では、R1が置換もしくは無置換のアリール基(好ましくは無置換のアリール基)であり、R2およびR4がドナー性基(好ましくはアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基)であり、R3が水素原子または重水素原子である。
本発明の一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2~R4がドナー性基である。本発明の一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2~R4がアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である。本発明の一態様では、R1が水素原子または重水素原子であり、R2およびR4がアルキル基またはアリール基で置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基であり、R3がその他のドナー性基である。
本発明の好ましい一態様では、本発明の一般式(1)では、R1とR2、R2とR3、R3とR4はいずれも互いに結合して環状構造を形成していない。
以下において、L1の具体例を挙げる。ただし、本発明で採用することができるL1は、これらの具体例によって限定的に解釈されることはない。なお、以下の具体例において、メチル基は表示を省略している。このため、例えばL3~L5はメチル基で置換されている。*は結合位置を示す。L1は単結合である。
本明細書において「置換基群B」とは、アルキル基(例えば炭素数1~40)、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~40)、アリール基(例えば炭素数6~30)、アリールオキシ基(例えば炭素数6~30)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば環骨格構成原子数5~30)、ヘテロアリールオキシ基(例えば環骨格構成原子数5~30)、ジアリールアミノアミノ基(例えば炭素原子数0~20)からなる群より選択される1つの基または2つ以上を組み合わせた基を意味する。
本明細書において「置換基群C」とは、アルキル基(例えば炭素数1~20)、アリール基(例えば炭素数6~22)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば環骨格構成原子数5~20)、ジアリールアミノ基(例えば炭素原子数12~20)からなる群より選択される1つの基または2つ以上を組み合わせた基を意味する。
本明細書において「置換基群D」とは、アルキル基(例えば炭素数1~20)、アリール基(例えば炭素数6~22)およびヘテロアリール基(例えば環骨格構成原子数5~20)からなる群より選択される1つの基または2つ以上を組み合わせた基を意味する。
本明細書において「置換基群E」とは、アルキル基(例えば炭素数1~20)およびアリール基(例えば炭素数6~22)からなる群より選択される1つの基または2つ以上を組み合わせた基を意味する。
本明細書において「置換基」や「置換もしくは無置換の」と記載されている場合の置換基は、例えば置換基群Aの中から選択してもよいし、置換基群Bの中から選択してもよいし、置換基群Cの中から選択してもよいし、置換基群Dの中から選択してもよいし、置換基群Eの中から選択してもよい。
表1および表2では、下記一般式のR1~R4を化合物ごとにそれぞれ特定することにより化合物1~1700384の構造を個別に示している。すなわち、Ar1とAr2がフェニル基(Ar1)であり、X1~X3が窒素原子(N)であり、L1が単結合であって、R1~R4が表1および表2で特定される基である構造を、化合物1~1700384の構造として個別に示している。
表2の化合物15009~858696は、R1~R4のうちの1つがD1~D224のいずれかであって、R1~R4のうちの他の1つがZ1~Z209のいずれかである構造を特定している。ここでは、まずD1~D224を1つに固定しておいて、Z1~Z209を順に変えていって化合物を特定し、その後、D1~D224を次の1つに固定しておいて、Z1~Z209を順に変えていって化合物を特定してゆく。このため、R1が水素原子(H)、R3がフェニル基(Ph)に固定されていて、R2がD1で、R4がZ1~Z209であるものが順に化合物15009~15232であり、R2がD2で、R4がZ1~Z209であるものが順に化合物15233~15456であり、R3がD3で、R4がZ1~Z209であるものが順に化合物15457~15680であるという要領で化合物番号を振り、R3がD224であり、R4がZ1~Z209であるものが順に化合物61601~61824となる。同じ要領により、表2の化合物61825~857696も特定している。
表2の化合物857697~1700384は、R1~R4のうちの2つが同一でD1~D224のいずれかであって、R1~R4のうちの他の1つがZ1~Z209のいずれかである構造と、R1~R4のうちの1つがD1~D224のいずれかであって、R1~R4のうちの他の2つが同一でZ1~Z209のいずれかである構造を特定している。ここでも、まずD1~D224を1つに固定しておいて、Z1~Z209を順に変えていって化合物を特定し、その後、D1~D224を次の1つに固定しておいて、Z1~Z209を順に変えていって化合物を特定してゆく。以上の要領で化合物1~1700384を特定している。
以上の番号で特定される化合物は、すべてが個別に開示されているものとする。なお、上記の化合物具体例のうち、回転異性体が存在する場合は、回転異性体の混合物と、分離した各回転異性体も、本明細書に開示されているものとする。
本発明の一態様では、化合物12097~14784の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物12097~12768の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物12769~13440の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物13441~14112の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物14113~14784の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物12097~12320、12769~12992、13441~13664、14113~14336の中から化合物を選択する。
本発明の一態様では、化合物14785~15008の中から化合物を選択する。
本発明の一態様では、化合物15009~857696の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物15009~155456の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物155457~295904の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物295905~436352、436353~576800、576801~717248、717249~857696の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物15009~61824、436353~483168の中から化合物を選択する。
本発明の一態様では、化合物857697~1700384の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物857697~998144の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物998145~1138592の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物1138593~1279040の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物1279041~1419488の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物1419489~1559936の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物1559937~1700384の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物857697~904512、998145~1044960、1138593~1185408、1279041~1325856、1419489~1466304、1559937~1606752の中から化合物を選択する。本発明の一態様では、化合物951329~998144、1091777~1138592、1232225~1279040、1372673~1419488、1513121~1559936、1653569~1700384の中から化合物を選択する。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、分子量にかかわらず塗布法で成膜してもよい。塗布法を用いれば、分子量が比較的大きな化合物であっても成膜することが可能である。一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機溶媒に溶解しやすいという利点がある。このため、一般式(1)で表される化合物は塗布法を適用しやすいうえ、精製して純度を高めやすい。
例えば、一般式(1)で表される構造中にあらかじめ重合性基を存在させておいて、その重合性基を重合させることによって得られる重合体を、発光材料として用いることが考えられる。例えば、一般式(1)のいずれかの部位に重合性官能基を含むモノマーを用意して、これを単独で重合させるか、他のモノマーとともに共重合させることにより、繰り返し単位を有する重合体を得て、その重合体を発光材料として用いることが考えられる。あるいは、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物どうしをカップリングさせることにより、二量体や三量体を得て、それらを発光材料として用いることも考えられる。
上の一般式において、R101、R102、R103およびR104は、各々独立に置換基を表す。好ましくは、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子であり、より好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子、塩素原子であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基である。
L1およびL2で表される連結基は、Qを構成する一般式(1)のいずれかの部位に結合することができる。1つのQに対して連結基が2つ以上連結して架橋構造や網目構造を形成していてもよい。
ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、遅延蛍光を発することができる化合物である。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、UV領域、可視スペクトルのうち青色、緑色、黄色、オレンジ色、赤色領域(例えば約420nm~約500nm、約500nm~約600nmまたは約600nm~約700nm)または近赤外線領域で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、可視スペクトルのうち赤色またはオレンジ色領域(例えば約620nm~約780nm、約650nm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、可視スペクトルのうちオレンジ色または黄色領域(例えば約570nm~約620nm、約590nm、約570nm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、可視スペクトルのうち緑色領域(例えば約490nm~約575nm、約510nm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、可視スペクトルのうち青色領域(例えば約400nm~約490nm、約475nm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、紫外スペクトル領域(例えば280~400nm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、熱的または電子的手段で励起されるとき、赤外スペクトル領域(例えば780nm~2μm)で光を発することができる。
本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いた有機半導体素子を作製することができる。ここでいう有機半導体素子は、光が介在する有機光素子であってもよいし、光が介在しない有機素子であってもよい。有機光素子は、素子が光を放射する有機発光素子であってもよいし、光を受け取る有機受光素子であってもよいし、素子内で光によるエネルギー移動を生じる素子であってもよい。本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いて有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子や固体撮像素子(例えばCMOSイメージセンサー)などの有機光素子を作製することができる。本開示のある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いたCMOS(相補型金属酸化膜半導体)などを作製することができる。
それにより、例えば-6.5eV以上のHOMOエネルギー(例えばイオン化ポテンシャル)があるときは、供与体部分(「D」)が選抜できる。また例えば、-0.5eV以下のLUMOエネルギー(例えば電子親和力)があるときは、受容体部分(「A」)が選抜できる。ブリッジ部分(「B」)は、例えば受容体と供与体部分を特異的な立体構成に厳しく制限できる強い共役系であることにより、供与体および受容体部分のπ共役系間の重複が生じるのを防止する。
ある実施形態では、化合物ライブラリは、以下の特性のうちの1つ以上を用いて選別される。
1.特定の波長付近における発光
2.算出された、特定のエネルギー準位より上の三重項状態
3.特定値より下のΔEST値
4.特定値より上の量子収率
5.HOMO準位
6.LUMO準位
ある実施形態では、77Kにおける最低の一重項励起状態と最低の三重項励起状態との差(ΔEST)は、約0.5eV未満、約0.4eV未満、約0.3eV未満、約0.2eV未満または約0.1eV未満である。ある実施形態ではΔEST値は、約0.09eV未満、約0.08eV未満、約0.07eV未満、約0.06eV未満、約0.05eV未満、約0.04eV未満、約0.03eV未満、約0.02eV未満または約0.01eV未満である。
ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、25%超の、例えば約30%、約35%、約40%、約45%、約50%、約55%、約60%、約65%、約70%、約75%、約80%、約85%、約90%、約95%またはそれ以上の量子収率を示す。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、新規化合物を含む。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、既知の反応を組み合わせることによって合成することができる。例えば、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基(例えばフェニル基)とハロゲン原子を有するシアノベンゼンを、置換された環縮合カルバゾールと反応させることにより、置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基で置換された一般式(1)の化合物を合成することができる。反応条件の詳細については、後述の合成例を参考にすることができる。
ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物と組み合わせ、同化合物を分散させ、同化合物と共有結合し、同化合物をコーティングし、同化合物を担持し、あるいは同化合物と会合する1つ以上の材料(例えば小分子、ポリマー、金属、金属錯体等)と共に用い、固体状のフィルムまたは層を形成させる。例えば、一般式(1)で表される化合物を電気活性材料と組み合わせてフィルムを形成することができる。いくつかの場合、一般式(1)で表される化合物を正孔輸送ポリマーと組み合わせてもよい。いくつかの場合、一般式(1)で表される化合物を電子輸送ポリマーと組み合わせてもよい。いくつかの場合、一般式(1)で表される化合物を正孔輸送ポリマーおよび電子輸送ポリマーと組み合わせてもよい。いくつかの場合、一般式(1)で表される化合物を、正孔輸送部と電子輸送部との両方を有するコポリマーと組み合わせてもよい。以上のような実施形態により、固体状のフィルムまたは層内に形成される電子および/または正孔を、一般式(1)で表される化合物と相互作用させることができる。
ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物を含むフィルムは、湿式工程で形成することができる。湿式工程では、本発明の化合物を含む組成物を溶解した溶液を面に塗布し、溶媒の除去後にフィルムを形成する。湿式工程として、スピンコート法、スリットコート法、インクジェット法(スプレー法)、グラビア印刷法、オフセット印刷法、フレキソ印刷法を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。湿式工程では、本発明の化合物を含む組成物を溶解することができる適切な有機溶媒を選択して用いる。ある実施形態では、組成物に含まれる化合物に、有機溶媒に対する溶解性を上げる置換基(例えばアルキル基)を導入することができる。
ある実施形態では、本発明の化合物を含むフィルムは、乾式工程で形成することができる。ある実施形態では、乾式工程として真空蒸着法を採用することができる、これに限定されるものではない。真空蒸着法を採用する場合は、フィルムを構成する化合物を個別の蒸着源から共蒸着させてもよいし、化合物を混合した単一の蒸着源から共蒸着させてもよい。単一の蒸着源を用いる場合は、化合物の粉末を混合した混合粉を用いてもよいし、その混合粉を圧縮した圧縮成形体を用いてもよいし、各化合物を加熱溶融して冷却した混合物を用いてもよい。ある実施形態では、単一の蒸着源に含まれる複数の化合物の蒸着速度(重量減少速度)が一致ないしほぼ一致する条件で共蒸着を行うことにより、蒸着源に含まれる複数の化合物の組成比に対応する組成比のフィルムを形成することができる。形成されるフィルムの組成比と同じ組成比で複数の化合物を混合して蒸着源とすれば、所望の組成比を有するフィルムを簡便に形成することができる。ある実施形態では、共蒸着される各化合物が同じ重量減少率になる温度を特定して、その温度を共蒸着時の温度として採用することができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の材料として有用である。特に有機発光ダイオード等に好ましく用いられる。
有機発光ダイオード:
本発明の一態様は、有機発光素子の発光材料としての、本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物の使用に関する。ある実施形態では、本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の発光層における発光材料として効果的に使用できる。ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、遅延蛍光を発する遅延蛍光(遅延蛍光体)を含む。ある実施形態では、本発明は一般式(1)で表される構造を有する遅延蛍光体を提供する。ある実施形態では、本発明は遅延蛍光体としての一般式(1)で表される化合物の使用に関する。ある実施形態では、本発明は一般式(1)で表される化合物は、ホスト材料として使用することができ、かつ、1つ以上の発光材料と共に使用することができ、発光材料は蛍光材料、燐光材料またはTADFでよい。ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、正孔輸送材料として使用することもできる。ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、電子輸送材料として使用することができる。ある実施形態では、本発明は一般式(1)で表される化合物から遅延蛍光を生じさせる方法に関する。ある実施形態では、化合物を発光材料として含む有機発光素子は、遅延蛍光を発し、高い光放射効率を示す。
ある実施形態では、発光層は一般式(1)で表される化合物を含み、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、基材と平行に配向される。ある実施形態では、基材はフィルム形成表面である。ある実施形態では、フィルム形成表面に対する一般式(1)で表される化合物の配向は、整列させる化合物によって発せられる光の伝播方向に影響を与えるか、あるいは、当該方向を決定づける。ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物によって発される光の伝播方向を整列させることで、発光層からの光抽出効率が改善される。
本発明の一態様は、有機発光素子に関する。ある実施形態では、有機発光素子は発光層を含む。ある実施形態では、発光層は発光材料として一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む。ある実施形態では、有機発光素子は有機光ルミネッセンス素子(有機PL素子)である。ある実施形態では、有機発光素子は、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(有機EL素子)である。ある実施形態では、一般式(1)で表される化合物は、発光層に含まれる他の発光材料の光放射を(いわゆるアシストドーパントとして)補助する。ある実施形態では、発光層に含まれる一般式(1)で表される化合物は、その最低の励起一重項エネルギー準位にあり、発光層に含まれるホスト材料の最低励起一重項エネルギー準位と発光層に含まれる他の発光材料の最低励起一重項エネルギー準位との間に含まれる。
ある実施形態では、有機光ルミネッセンス素子は、少なくとも1つの発光層を含む。ある実施形態では、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、少なくとも陽極、陰極、および前記陽極と前記陰極との間の有機層を含む。ある実施形態では、有機層は、少なくとも発光層を含む。ある実施形態では、有機層は、発光層のみを含む。ある実施形態では、有機層は、発光層に加えて1つ以上の有機層を含む。有機層の例としては、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、電子障壁層、正孔障壁層、電子注入層、電子輸送層および励起子障壁層が挙げられる。ある実施形態では、正孔輸送層は、正孔注入機能を有する正孔注入輸送層であってもよく、電子輸送層は、電子注入機能を有する電子注入輸送層であってもよい。
ある実施形態では、発光層は、陽極および陰極からそれぞれ注入された正孔および電子が再結合して励起子を形成する層である。ある実施形態では、層は光を発する。
ある実施形態では、発光材料のみが発光層として用いられる。ある実施形態では、発光層は発光材料とホスト材料とを含む。ある実施形態では、発光材料は、一般式(1)で表される1つ以上の化合物である。ある実施形態では、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および有機光ルミネッセンス素子の光放射効率を向上させるため、発光材料において発生する一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、発光材料内に閉じ込める。ある実施形態では、発光層中に発光材料に加えてホスト材料を用いる。ある実施形態では、ホスト材料は有機化合物である。ある実施形態では、有機化合物は励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーを有し、その少なくとも1つは、本発明の発光材料のそれらよりも高い。ある実施形態では、本発明の発光材料中で発生する一重項励起子および三重項励起子は、本発明の発光材料の分子中に閉じ込められる。ある実施形態では、一重項および三重項の励起子は、光放射効率を向上させるために十分に閉じ込められる。ある実施形態では、高い光放射効率が未だ得られるにもかかわらず、一重項励起子および三重項励起子は十分に閉じ込められず、すなわち、高い光放射効率を達成できるホスト材料は、特に限定されることなく本発明で使用されうる。ある実施形態では、本発明の素子の発光層中の発光材料において、光放射が生じる。ある実施形態では、放射光は蛍光および遅延蛍光の両方を含む。ある実施形態では、放射光は、ホスト材料からの放射光を含む。ある実施形態では、放射光は、ホスト材料からの放射光からなる。ある実施形態では、放射光は、一般式(1)で表される化合物からの放射光と、ホスト材料からの放射光とを含む。ある実施形態では、TADF分子とホスト材料とが用いられる。ある実施形態では、TADFはアシストドーパントであり、発光層中のホスト材料よりも励起一重項エネルギーが低く、発光層中の発光材料よりも励起一重項エネルギーが高い。
以下において、一般式(1)で表される構造を有するアシストドーパントと組み合わせて用いることができる発光材料を例示する。
R2はアクセプター性基を表すか、R1とR2が互いに結合してアクセプター性基を形成しているか、またはR2とR3が互いに結合してアクセプター性基を形成している。
R3とR4、R4とR5、R5とR6、R6とR7、R7とR8、R9とR10、R10とR11、R11とR12、R12とR13、R13とR14、R14とR15、R15とR16は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
X1はOまたはNRを表し、Rは置換基を表す。
X2~X4のうち、X3およびX4の少なくとも一方はOまたはNRであり、残りはOまたはNRであっても連結していなくてもよい。連結していないとき、両端はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
一般式(1)中のC-R1、C-R3、C-R4、C-R5、C-R6、C-R7、C-R8、C-R9、C-R10、C-R11、C-R12、C-R13、C-R14、C-R15、C-R16は、Nに置換されていてもよい。
R2はアクセプター性基を表すか、R1とR2が互いに結合してアクセプター性基を形成しているか、またはR2とR3が互いに結合してアクセプター性基を形成している。
R6とR7、R7とR8、R9とR10、R10とR11、R14とR15、R15とR16は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
X1はOまたはNRを表し、Rは置換基を表す。
X2~X4のうち、X3およびX4の少なくとも一方はOまたはNRであり、残りはOまたはNRであっても連結していなくてもよい。連結していないとき、両端はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
Ar1およびAr2は、各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
一般式(1)中のC-R1、C-R3、C-R6、C-R7、C-R8、C-R9、C-R10、C-R11、C-R14、C-R15、C-R16は、Nに置換されていてもよい。
R1とR3、R3とR4、R4とR5、R5とR6、R6とR7、R7とR8、R8とR9、R9とR2、R2とR10、R10とR11、R11とR12、R12とR13、R13とR14、R14とR15、R15とR16、R16とR1は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。一般式(1)中のC-R3、C-R4、C-R5、C-R6、C-R7、C-R8、C-R9、C-R10、C-R11、C-R12、C-R13、C-R14、C-R15、C-R16は、Nで置換されていてもよい。
R1~R9は、各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
R1とR2、R2とR3、R3とR4、R4とR5、R5とR6、R7とR8、R8とR9は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
ただし、Z1、Z2、R1とR2が互いに結合して形成する環、R2とR3が互いに結合して形成する環、R4とR5が互いに結合して形成する環、およびR5とR6が互いに結合して形成する環の少なくとも1つは、置換もしくは無置換のベンゾフランのフラン環、置換もしくは無置換のベンゾチオフェンのチオフェン環、置換もしくは無置換のインドールのピロール環であり、かつ、
R1~R9の少なくとも1つが置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、またはアクセプター性基であるか、あるいは、Z1とZ2の少なくとも1つが置換基としてアリール基またはアクセプター性基を有する環である。
前記ベンゾフラン環、前記ベンゾチオフェン環、前記インドール環を構成するベンゼン環骨格構成炭素原子のうち置換可能な炭素原子は窒素原子で置換されていてもよい。一般式(1)中のC-R1、C-R2、C-R3、C-R4、C-R5、C-R6、C-R7、C-R8、C-R9は、Nに置換されていてもよい。
Zは置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1は水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
ZとX2は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
縮環構造Aにおいて、bに縮合した構造とX1、bに縮合した構造とZ、ZとX2は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z2およびZ3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1は水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2およびR3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
Z1とR1、R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。ただし、R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3の少なくとも1組は互いに結合して環状構造を形成している。
Z2およびZ3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR4~R7は水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2およびR3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3、R4とR5、R5とR6、R6とR7は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。ただし、R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3の少なくとも1組は互いに結合して環状構造を形成している。
Z2およびZ3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR4a~R7aは水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2およびR3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3、R4aとR5a、R5aとR6a、R6aとR7a、R7aとR1は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。ただし、R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3の少なくとも1組は互いに結合して環状構造を形成している。
Z3は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR8~R14は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R3は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
Z1とR1、R8とR9、R9とR10、R10とR11、R11とR12、R12とR13、R13とR14、R14とZ3、Z3とR3は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z3は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR15~R17は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R3は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
Z1とR1、Z4とR15、R15とR16、R16とR17、R17とZ3、Z3とR3は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z3は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1は水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2およびR3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
Z1とR1、R2とZ5、Z5とZ3、Z3とR3は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。ただし、R2とZ2、Z2とZ3、Z3とR3の少なくとも1組は互いに結合して環状構造を形成している。
Z2は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR21~R27は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R2とZ2、Z2とR21、R21とR22、R22とR23、R23とR24、R24とR25、R25とR26、R26とR27は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z2は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1およびR28~R30は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R2とZ2、Z2とR28、R28とR29、R29とR30、R30とZ6は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z2は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R1は水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R2およびR3は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R2とZ2、Z2とZ7、Z7とR3は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。ただし、R2とZ2、Z2とZ7、Z7とR3の少なくとも1組は互いに結合して環状構造を形成している。)
R1およびR31~R44は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R31とR32、R32とR33、R33とR34、R34とR35、R35とR36、R36とR37、R37とR38、R38とR39、R39とR40、R40とR41、R41とR42、R42とR43、R43とR44は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。)
R1およびR51~R60は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
R1とZ1、R51とR52、R52とR53、R53とR54、R54とR55、R55とR56、R56とR57、R57とR58、R58とR59、R59とR60、R60とZ8は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。)
R1およびR61~R66は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
R1とZ1、Z9とR61、R61とR62、R62とR63、R63とR64、R64とR65、R65とR66、R66とZ8は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
R1およびR67~R69は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R70は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、Z9とR67、R67とR68、R68とR69、R69とZ10、Z10とR70は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
R1およびR72~R74は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表し、
R71は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R71とZ11、Z11とR72、R72とR73、R73とZ74、R74とZ12は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
R1およびR76~R82は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表し、
R75は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基を表す。
R1とZ1、R75とZ11、Z11とR76、R76とR77、R77とR78、R78とR79、R79とR80、R80とR81、R81とR82は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
R101~R130は各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子、または置換基を表し、
R101とR102、R102とR103、R103とR104、R104とR105、R105とR106、R106とR107、R107とR108、R108とR109、R109とR110、R110とR111、R111とR112、R112とR113、R113とR114、R114とR115、R115とR116、R116とR117、R117とR118、R118とR119、R119とR120、R120とR121、R121とR122、R122とR123、R123とR124、R124とR125、R125とR126、R126とR127、R127とR128、R128とR129、R129とR130、R130とR101は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
Z1およびZ2は、各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の芳香環、または置換もしくは無置換の複素芳香環を表し、
R3~R9は、各々独立に水素原子、重水素原子または置換基を表す。
ただし、R1、R2、Z1およびZ2の少なくとも1つは、置換もしくは無置換のベンゾフラン環、置換もしくは無置換のベンゾチオフェン環、置換もしくは無置換のインドール環を含む。
R1とZ1、Z1とR3、R3とR4、R4とR5、R5とZ2、Z2とR2、R2とR6、R6とR7、R7とR8、R8とR9、R9とR1は互いに結合して環状構造を形成していてもよい。
前記ベンゾフラン環、前記ベンゾチオフェン環、前記インドール環を構成するベンゼン環骨格構成炭素原子のうち置換可能な炭素原子は窒素原子で置換されていてもよい。一般式(1)中のC-R3、C-R4、C-R5、C-R6、C-R7、C-R8、C-R9は、Nに置換されていてもよい。
ある実施形態では、発光層のホスト材料は、正孔輸送機能および電子輸送機能を有する有機化合物である。ある実施形態では、発光層のホスト材料は、放射光の波長が増加することを防止する有機化合物である。ある実施形態では、発光層のホスト材料は、高いガラス転移温度を有する有機化合物である。
ある実施形態では、発光層は、ホスト材料、アシストドーパント、および発光材料からからなる群より選択される材料で構成することができる。ある実施形態では、発光層は金属元素を含まない。ある実施形態では、発光層は炭素原子、水素原子、重水素原子、窒素原子、酸素原子および硫黄原子からなる群より選択される原子のみから構成される材料で構成することができる。あるいは、発光層は、炭素原子、水素原子、重水素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子からなる群より選択される原子のみから構成される材料で構成することもできる。あるいは、発光層は、炭素原子、水素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子からなる群より選択される原子のみから構成される材料で構成することもできる。
発光層が本発明の化合物以外のTADF材料を含むとき、そのTADF材料は公知の遅延蛍光材料であってよい。好ましい遅延蛍光材料として、WO2013/154064号公報の段落0008~0048および0095~0133、WO2013/011954号公報の段落0007~0047および0073~0085、WO2013/011955号公報の段落0007~0033および0059~0066、WO2013/081088号公報の段落0008~0071および0118~0133、特開2013-256490号公報の段落0009~0046および0093~0134、特開2013-116975号公報の段落0008~0020および0038~0040、WO2013/133359号公報の段落0007~0032および0079~0084、WO2013/161437号公報の段落0008~0054および0101~0121、特開2014-9352号公報の段落0007~0041および0060~0069、特開2014-9224号公報の段落0008~0048および0067~0076、特開2017-119663号公報の段落0013~0025、特開2017-119664号公報の段落0013~0026、特開2017-222623号公報の段落0012~0025、特開2017-226838号公報の段落0010~0050、特開2018-100411号公報の段落0012~0043、WO2018/047853号公報の段落0016~0044に記載される一般式に包含される化合物、特に例示化合物であって、遅延蛍光を放射しうるものが含まれる。また、ここでは、特開2013-253121号公報、WO2013/133359号公報、WO2014/034535号公報、WO2014/115743号公報、WO2014/122895号公報、WO2014/126200号公報、WO2014/136758号公報、WO2014/133121号公報、WO2014/136860号公報、WO2014/196585号公報、WO2014/189122号公報、WO2014/168101号公報、WO2015/008580号公報、WO2014/203840号公報、WO2015/002213号公報、WO2015/016200号公報、WO2015/019725号公報、WO2015/072470号公報、WO2015/108049号公報、WO2015/080182号公報、WO2015/072537号公報、WO2015/080183号公報、特開2015-129240号公報、WO2015/129714号公報、WO2015/129715号公報、WO2015/133501号公報、WO2015/136880号公報、WO2015/137244号公報、WO2015/137202号公報、WO2015/137136号公報、WO2015/146541号公報、WO2015/159541号公報に記載される発光材料であって、遅延蛍光を放射しうるものを好ましく採用することができる。なお、この段落に記載される上記の公報は、本明細書の一部としてここに引用する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は基材により保持され、当該基材は特に限定されず、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子で一般的に用いられる、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、クォーツおよびシリコンにより形成されたいずれかの材料を用いればよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置の陽極は、金属、合金、導電性化合物またはそれらの組み合わせから製造される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記の金属、合金または導電性化合物は高い仕事関数(4eV以上)を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、前記金属はAuである。いくつかの実施形態では、導電性の透明材料は、CuI、酸化インジウム・スズ(ITO)、SnO2およびZnOから選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)などの、透明な導電性フィルムを形成できるアモルファス材料を使用する。いくつかの実施形態では、前記陽極は薄膜である。いくつかの実施形態では、前記薄膜は蒸着またはスパッタリングにより作製される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記フィルムはフォトリソグラフィー方法によりパターン化される。いくつかの実施形態では、パターンが高精度である必要がない(例えば約100μm以上)場合、当該パターンは、電極材料への蒸着またはスパッタリングに好適な形状のマスクを用いて形成してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、有機導電性化合物などのコーティング材料を塗布しうるとき、プリント法やコーティング法などの湿式フィルム形成方法が用いられる。いくつかの実施形態では、放射光が陽極を通過するとき、陽極は10%超の透過度を有し、当該陽極は、単位面積あたり数百オーム以下のシート抵抗を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、陽極の厚みは10~1,000nmである。いくつかの実施形態では、陽極の厚みは10~200nmである。いくつかの実施形態では、陽極の厚みは用いる材料に応じて変動する。
いくつかの実施形態では、前記陰極は、低い仕事関数を有する金属(4eV以下)(電子注入金属と称される)、合金、導電性化合物またはその組み合わせなどの電極材料で作製される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記電極材料は、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム-銅混合物、マグネシウム-銀混合物、マグネシウム-アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム-インジウム混合物、アルミニウム-酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム-アルミニウム混合物および希土類元素から選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、電子注入金属と、電子注入金属より高い仕事関数を有する安定な金属である第2の金属との混合物が用いられる。いくつかの実施形態では、前記混合物は、マグネシウム-銀混合物、マグネシウム-アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム-インジウム混合物、アルミニウム-酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム-アルミニウム混合物およびアルミニウムから選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記混合物は電子注入特性および酸化に対する耐性を向上させる。いくつかの実施形態では、陰極は、蒸着またはスパッタリングにより電極材料を薄膜として形成させることによって製造される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記陰極は単位面積当たり数百オーム以下のシート抵抗を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、前記陰極の厚は10nm~5μmである。いくつかの実施形態では、前記陰極の厚は50~200nmである。いくつかの実施形態では、放射光を透過させるため、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の陽極および陰極のいずれか1つは透明または半透明である。いくつかの実施形態では、透明または半透明のエレクトロルミネッセンス素子は光放射輝度を向上させる。
いくつかの実施形態では、前記陰極を、前記陽極に関して前述した導電性の透明な材料で形成されることにより、透明または半透明の陰極が形成される。いくつかの実施形態では、素子は陽極と陰極とを含むが、いずれも透明または半透明である。
注入層は、電極と有機層との間の層である。いくつかの実施形態では、前記注入層は駆動電圧を減少させ、光放射輝度を増強する。いくつかの実施形態では、前記注入層は、正孔注入層と電子注入層とを含む。前記注入層は、陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層との間、並びに陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に配置することがきる。いくつかの実施形態では、注入層が存在する。いくつかの実施形態では、注入層が存在しない。
以下に、正孔注入材料として用いることができる好ましい化合物例を挙げる。
障壁層は、発光層に存在する電荷(電子または正孔)および/または励起子が、発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止できる層である。いくつかの実施形態では、電子障壁層は、発光層と正孔輸送層との間に存在し、電子が発光層を通過して正孔輸送層へ至ることを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔障壁層は、発光層と電子輸送層との間に存在し、正孔が発光層を通過して電子輸送層へ至ることを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、障壁層は、励起子が発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、電子障壁層および正孔障壁層は励起子障壁層を構成する。本明細書で用いる用語「電子障壁層」または「励起子障壁層」には、電子障壁層の、および励起子障壁層の機能の両方を有する層が含まれる。
正孔障壁層は、電子輸送層として機能する。いくつかの実施形態では、電子の輸送の間、正孔障壁層は正孔が電子輸送層に至ることを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔障壁層は、発光層における電子と正孔との再結合の確率を高める。正孔障壁層に用いる材料は、電子輸送層について前述したのと同じ材料であってもよい。
以下に、正孔障壁層に用いることができる好ましい化合物例を挙げる。
電子障壁層は、正孔を輸送する。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔の輸送の間、電子障壁層は電子が正孔輸送層に至ることを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、電子障壁層は、発光層における電子と正孔との再結合の確率を高める。電子障壁層に用いる材料は、正孔輸送層について前述したのと同じ材料であってもよい。
以下に電子障壁材料として用いることができる好ましい化合物の具体例を挙げる。
励起子障壁層は、発光層における正孔と電子との再結合を通じて生じた励起子が電荷輸送層まで拡散することを阻止する。いくつかの実施形態では、励起子障壁層は、発光層における励起子の有効な閉じ込め(confinement)を可能にする。いくつかの実施形態では、装置の光放射効率が向上する。いくつかの実施形態では、励起子障壁層は、陽極の側と陰極の側のいずれかで、およびその両側の発光層に隣接する。いくつかの実施形態では、励起子障壁層が陽極側に存在するとき、当該層は、正孔輸送層と発光層との間に存在し、当該発光層に隣接してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、励起子障壁層が陰極側に存在するとき、当該層は、発光層と陰極との間に存在し、当該発光層に隣接してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔注入層、電子障壁層または同様の層は、陽極と、陽極側の発光層に隣接する励起子障壁層との間に存在する。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔注入層、電子障壁層、正孔障壁層または同様の層は、陰極と、陰極側の発光層に隣接する励起子障壁層との間に存在する。いくつかの実施形態では、励起子障壁層は、励起一重項エネルギーと励起三重項エネルギーを含み、その少なくとも1つが、それぞれ、発光材料の励起一重項エネルギーと励起三重項エネルギーより高い。
正孔輸送層は、正孔輸送材料を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送層は単層である。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送層は複数の層を有する。
いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送材料は、正孔の注入または輸送特性および電子の障壁特性のうちの1つの特性を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送材料は有機材料である。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送材料は無機材料である。本発明で使用できる公知の正孔輸送材料の例としては、限定されないが、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導剤、イミダゾール誘導体、カルバゾール誘導体、インドロカルバゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導剤、ピラゾリン誘導体、ピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリルアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導剤、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、アニリンコポリマーおよび導電性ポリマーオリゴマー(特にチオフェンオリゴマー)、またはその組合せが挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送材料はポルフィリン化合物、芳香族三級アミン化合物およびスチリルアミン化合物から選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、正孔輸送材料は芳香族三級アミン化合物である。以下に正孔輸送材料として用いることができる好ましい化合物の具体例を挙げる。
電子輸送層は、電子輸送材料を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送層は単層である。いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送層は複数の層を有する。
いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送材料は、陰極から注入された電子を発光層に輸送する機能さえあればよい。いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送材料はまた、正孔障壁材料としても機能する。本発明で使用できる電子輸送層の例としては、限定されないが、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン、アントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、アゾール誘導体、アジン誘導体またはその組合せ、またはそのポリマーが挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送材料はチアジアゾール誘導剤またはキノキサリン誘導体である。いくつかの実施形態では、電子輸送材料はポリマー材料である。以下に電子輸送材料として用いることができる好ましい化合物の具体例を挙げる。
いくつかの実施形態では、発光層はデバイス中に組み込まれる。例えば、デバイスには、OLEDバルブ、OLEDランプ、テレビ用ディスプレイ、コンピューター用モニター、携帯電話およびタブレットが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
いくつかの実施形態では、電子デバイスは、陽極、陰極、および当該陽極と当該陰極との間の発光層を含む少なくとも1つの有機層を有するOLEDを含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、本願明細書に記載の構成物は、OLEDまたは光電子デバイスなどの、様々な感光性または光活性化デバイスに組み込まれうる。いくつかの実施形態では、前記構成物はデバイス内の電荷移動またはエネルギー移動の促進に、および/または正孔輸送材料として有用でありうる。前記デバイスとしては、例えば有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機集積回線(OIC)、有機電界効果トランジスタ(O-FET)、有機薄膜トランジスタ(O-TFT)、有機発光トランジスタ(O-LET)、有機太陽電池(O-SC)、有機光学検出装置、有機光受容体、有機磁場クエンチ(field-quench)装置(O-FQD)、発光燃料電池(LEC)または有機レーザダイオード(O-レーザー)が挙げられる。
いくつかの実施形態では、電子デバイスは、陽極、陰極、当該陽極と当該陰極との間の発光層を含む少なくとも1つの有機層を含むOLEDを含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、デバイスは色彩の異なるOLEDを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、デバイスはOLEDの組合せを含むアレイを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、OLEDの前記組合せは、3色の組合せ(例えばRGB)である。いくつかの実施形態では、OLEDの前記組合せは、赤色でも緑色でも青色でもない色(例えばオレンジ色および黄緑色)の組合せである。いくつかの実施形態では、OLEDの前記組合せは、2色、4色またはそれ以上の色の組合せである。
いくつかの実施形態では、デバイスは、
取り付け面を有する第1面とそれと反対の第2面とを有し、少なくとも1つの開口部を画定する回路基板と、
前記取り付け面上の少なくとも1つのOLEDであって、当該少なくとも1つのOLEDが、陽極、陰極、および当該陽極と当該陰極との間の発光層を含む少なくとも1つの有機層を含む、発光する構成を有する少なくとも1つのOLEDと、
回路基板用のハウジングと、
前記ハウジングの端部に配置された少なくとも1つのコネクターであって、前記ハウジングおよび前記コネクターが照明設備への取付けに適するパッケージを画定する、少なくとも1つのコネクターと、を備えるOLEDライトである。
いくつかの実施形態では、前記OLEDライトは、複数の方向に光が放射されるように回路基板に取り付けられた複数のOLEDを有する。いくつかの実施形態では、第1方向に発せられた一部の光は偏光されて第2方向に放射される。いくつかの実施形態では、反射器を用いて第1方向に発せられた光を偏光する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の発光層はスクリーンまたはディスプレイにおいて使用できる。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明に係る化合物は、限定されないが真空蒸発、堆積、蒸着または化学蒸着(CVD)などの工程を用いて基材上へ堆積させる。いくつかの実施形態では、前記基材は、独特のアスペクト比のピクセルを提供する2面エッチングにおいて有用なフォトプレート構造である。前記スクリーン(またマスクとも呼ばれる)は、OLEDディスプレイの製造工程で用いられる。対応するアートワークパターンの設計により、垂直方向ではピクセルの間の非常に急な狭いタイバーの、並びに水平方向では大きな広範囲の斜角開口部の配置を可能にする。これにより、TFTバックプレーン上への化学蒸着を最適化しつつ、高解像度ディスプレイに必要とされるピクセルの微細なパターン構成が可能となる。
ピクセルの内部パターニングにより、水平および垂直方向での様々なアスペクト比の三次元ピクセル開口部を構成することが可能となる。更に、ピクセル領域中の画像化された「ストライプ」またはハーフトーン円の使用は、これらの特定のパターンをアンダーカットし基材から除くまで、特定の領域におけるエッチングが保護される。その時、全てのピクセル領域は同様のエッチング速度で処理されるが、その深さはハーフトーンパターンにより変化する。ハーフトーンパターンのサイズおよび間隔を変更することにより、ピクセル内での保護率が様々異なるエッチングが可能となり、急な垂直斜角を形成するのに必要な局在化された深いエッチングが可能となる。
蒸着マスク用の好ましい材料はインバーである。インバーは、製鉄所で長い薄型シート状に冷延された金属合金である。インバーは、ニッケルマスクとしてスピンマンドレル上へ電着することができない。蒸着用マスク内に開口領域を形成するための適切かつ低コストの方法は、湿式化学エッチングによる方法である。
いくつかの実施形態では、スクリーンまたはディスプレイパターンは、基材上のピクセルマトリックスである。いくつかの実施形態では、スクリーンまたはディスプレイパターンは、リソグラフィー(例えばフォトリソグラフィーおよびeビームリソグラフィー)を使用して加工される。いくつかの実施形態では、スクリーンまたはディスプレイパターンは、湿式化学エッチングを使用して加工される。更なる実施形態では、スクリーンまたはディスプレイパターンは、プラズマエッチングを使用して加工される。
OLEDディスプレイは、一般的には、大型のマザーパネルを形成し、次に当該マザーパネルをセルパネル単位で切断することによって製造される。通常は、マザーパネル上の各セルパネルは、ベース基材上に、活性層とソース/ドレイン電極とを有する薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)を形成し、前記TFTに平坦化フィルムを塗布し、ピクセル電極、発光層、対電極およびカプセル化層、を順に経時的に形成し、前記マザーパネルから切断することにより形成される。
OLEDディスプレイは、一般的には、大型のマザーパネルを形成し、次に当該マザーパネルをセルパネル単位で切断することによって製造される。通常は、マザーパネル上の各セルパネルは、ベース基材上に、活性層とソース/ドレイン電極とを有する薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)を形成し、前記TFTに平坦化フィルムを塗布し、ピクセル電極、発光層、対電極およびカプセル化層、を順に経時的に形成し、前記マザーパネルから切断することにより形成される。
マザーパネルのベース基材上に障壁層を形成する工程と、
前記障壁層上に、セルパネル単位で複数のディスプレイユニットを形成する工程と、
前記セルパネルのディスプレイユニットのそれぞれの上にカプセル化層を形成する工程と、
前記セルパネル間のインタフェース部に有機フィルムを塗布する工程と、を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、障壁層は、例えばSiNxで形成された無機フィルムであり、障壁層の端部はポリイミドまたはアクリルで形成された有機フィルムで被覆される。いくつかの実施形態では、有機フィルムは、マザーパネルがセルパネル単位で軟らかく切断されるように補助する。
いくつかの実施形態では、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)層は、発光層と、ゲート電極と、ソース/ドレイン電極と、を有する。複数のディスプレイユニットの各々は、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)層と、TFT層上に形成された平坦化フィルムと、平坦化フィルム上に形成された発光ユニットと、を有してもよく、前記インタフェース部に塗布された有機フィルムは、前記平坦化フィルムの材料と同じ材料で形成され、前記平坦化フィルムの形成と同時に形成される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記発光ユニットは、不動態化層と、その間の平坦化フィルムと、発光ユニットを被覆し保護するカプセル化層と、によりTFT層と連結される。前記製造方法のいくつかの実施形態では、前記有機フィルムは、ディスプレイユニットにもカプセル化層にも連結されない。
いくつかの実施形態では、前記不動態化層は、TFT層の被覆のためにTFT層上に配置された有機フィルムである。いくつかの実施形態では、前記平坦化フィルムは、不動態化層上に形成された有機フィルムである。いくつかの実施形態では、前記平坦化フィルムは、障壁層の端部に形成された有機フィルムと同様、ポリイミドまたはアクリルで形成される。いくつかの実施形態では、OLEDディスプレイの製造の際、前記平坦化フィルムおよび有機フィルムは同時に形成される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記有機フィルムは、障壁層の端部に形成されてもよく、それにより、当該有機フィルムの一部が直接ベース基材と接触し、当該有機フィルムの残りの部分が、障壁層の端部を囲みつつ、障壁層と接触する。
いくつかの実施形態では、TFT層を通じてピクセル電極に電圧が印加されるとき、ピクセル電極と対電極との間に適切な電圧が形成され、それにより有機発光層が光を放射し、それにより画像が形成される。以下、TFT層と発光ユニットとを有する画像形成ユニットを、ディスプレイユニットと称する。
いくつかの実施形態では、ディスプレイユニットを被覆し、外部の水分の浸透を防止するカプセル化層は、有機フィルムと無機フィルムとが交互に積層する薄膜状のカプセル化構造に形成されてもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、前記カプセル化層は、複数の薄膜が積層した薄膜状カプセル化構造を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、インタフェース部に塗布される有機フィルムは、複数のディスプレイユニットの各々と間隔を置いて配置される。いくつかの実施形態では、前記有機フィルムは、一部の有機フィルムが直接ベース基材と接触し、有機フィルムの残りの部分が障壁層の端部を囲む一方で障壁層と接触する態様で形成される。
いくつかの実施形態では、障壁層は、キャリア基材の反対側のベース基材の表面に形成される。一実施形態では、前記障壁層は、各セルパネルのサイズに従いパターン化される。例えば、ベース基材がマザーパネルの全ての表面上に形成される一方で、障壁層が各セルパネルのサイズに従い形成され、それにより、セルパネルの障壁層の間のインタフェース部に溝が形成される。各セルパネルは、前記溝に沿って切断できる。
いくつかの実施形態では、マザーパネルは、セルパネル単位で切断される。いくつかの実施形態では、マザーパネルは、カッターを用いてセルパネル間のインタフェース部に沿って切断される。いくつかの実施形態では、マザーパネルが沿って切断されるインタフェース部の溝が有機フィルムで被覆されているため、切断の間、当該有機フィルムが衝撃を吸収する。いくつかの実施形態では、切断の間、障壁層でひびが生じるのを防止できる。
いくつかの実施形態では、前記方法は製品の不良率を減少させ、その品質を安定させる。
他の態様は、ベース基材上に形成された障壁層と、障壁層上に形成されたディスプレイユニットと、ディスプレイユニット上に形成されたカプセル化層と、障壁層の端部に塗布された有機フィルムと、を有するOLEDディスプレイである。
以下の合成例において、一般式(1)に含まれる化合物を合成した。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.65 (dd, J = 4.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.00-7.94 (m, 6H), 7.91 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J = 8.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.60 (m, 8H), 7.54-7.30 (m, 12H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 8H), 6.78-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.54-6.45 (m, 3H),
ASAPマススペクトル分析: 理論値 1072.4, 観測値1072.8
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.66(d, J= 5.2 Hz, 1H) 8.44 (s, 1H),7.99-7.59 (m, 12H), 7.52-7.17 (m, 16H), 6.77 (d, J= 7.2 Hz,2H), 6.49 (dd, J= 21.2 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 2H)
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C76H34D10N6O2: 理論値1082.42, 観測値1083.50
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.66 (dd, J= 1.6 Hz, 4.5 Hz,1H) 8.45 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.86 (dd, J= 8.4 Hz, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.66 (m,4H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 6H), 7.44-7.30 (m, 6H), 7.22-7.19 (m, 2H)
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C76H29D15N6O2: 理論値1087.45, 観測値1088.42
窒素気流下、6-ブロモ-2-フェニルジベンゾフラン(60.7g,185mmol)、ビス(ピナコラート)ジボラン(70.5g,278mmol)、酢酸カリウム(54.5g,555mmol)の1,4-ジオキサン(800mL)溶液に[1,1’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(5.43g,7.40mmol)を加え、110℃で20時間撹拌した。反応溶液を室温に戻し、炭酸カリウム(51.1g,370mmol)、2-ブロモ-4クロロ-ニトロベンゼン(52.5g,222mmol)、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(10.7g,9.25mmol)、脱イオン水(100mL)を加え、80℃で12時間撹拌した。反応溶液を室温に戻し、セライト濾過後、粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(テトラヒドロフラン)で精製し、黄色固体として化合物dを33.3g(83.3mmol,収率45%)得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 8.7 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.59-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.38 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H).
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C24H14ClNO3理論値399.07 観測値400.16
窒素気流下、化合物d(34.3g,85.7mmol)、フェニルボロン酸(12.5g,103mmol)、2-ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ-2’,6’-ジメトキシビフェニル(1.41g,3.43mmol)、リン酸三カリウム(36.4g,171mmol)の1,4-ジオキサン/水(210/70mL)の混合溶液に、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)(1.57g,1.71mmol)を加え、110℃で12時間攪拌した。反応溶液を室温に戻し、水で洗浄後、水層をクロロホルムで抽出し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:ジクロロメタン=3:2)で精製し、黄色固体として化合物eを33.1g(0.85mmol,収率88%)で得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3: δ 8.23 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.84-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 5H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 8H), 7.38 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H).
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C30H19NO3理論値441.14 観測値442.33
窒素気流下、トリフェニルホスフィン(58.2g,222mmol)のo-ジクロロベンゼン(74.0mL)溶液に化合物e(733.1g,32.7mmol)を加え、170℃で18時間攪拌した。反応混合物を室温に戻し、水を加え、析出物を濾別した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:ジクロロメタン=2:1)で精製した後、トルエンによる再結晶を行い褐色固体として化合物fを21.5g(52.6mmol,収率71%)で得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.81-7.71 (m, 6H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 5H), 7.38 (s, 2H).
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C30H19NO: 理論値409.15, 観測値410.15
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.66(dd, J=4.8 Hz,1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J= 6.0 Hz,2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.02-7.95 (m, 5H), 7.88 (dd, J= 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz,1H), 7.80-7.60 (m, 14H), 7.53-7.30 (m, 16H), 7.26-7.13 (m, 6H), 6.78 (d, J= 6.4Hz, 2H), 6.56-6.44 (m, 3H)
ASAP MSスペクトル分析: C88H52N6O2: 理論値1225.42, 観測値1225.51
石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度1×10-3Pa未満の条件にて化合物1を蒸着し、化合物1のニート薄膜を100nmの厚さで形成した。
これとは別に、石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度1×10-3Pa未満の条件にて化合物1とmCBPとを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、化合物1の濃度が20重量%であるドープ薄膜を100nmの厚さで形成した。
化合物1の代わりに化合物1(Db)、化合物1(Dg)、化合物3、比較化合物1をそれぞれ用いて、同様にしてニート薄膜とドープ薄膜を形成した。
形成した各ドープ薄膜に300nmの励起光を照射したときの最大発光波長(λmax)とフォトルミネッセンス量子収率(PLQY)を測定した。また、形成した各ニート薄膜を用いてHOMOのエネルギー(EHOMO)とLUMOのエネルギー(ELUMO)も測定した。結果を表4に示す。
膜厚50nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にHAT-CNを10nmの厚さに形成し、その上にNPDを35nmの厚さに形成し、さらにその上にPTCzを10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、H1と化合物1を異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。発光層における化合物1の濃度は30質量%とした。次に、ET1を10nmの厚さに形成した後、LiqとSF3-TRZを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、20nmの厚さの層を形成した。この層におけるLiqとSF3-TRZの濃度はそれぞれ30質量%と70質量%であった。さらにLiqを2nmの厚さに形成し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
化合物1の代わりに化合物1(Db)、化合物1(Dg)、化合物3、比較化合物1をそれぞれ用いて、同様の手順により各有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
各有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の6.3mAにおける外部量子効率(EQE)、駆動電圧(Vinit)、遅延蛍光の寿命(τ2)、12.6mA/cm2における発光強度が試験開始時の95%になるまでの経過時間(LT95)を測定した結果を表4に示す。LT95は、比較化合物1を用いた素子を1としたときの相対値で表示している。
実施例2における発光層の代わりに、H1と化合物1と発光材料であるEM1をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から順に69.5重量%、30.0重量%、0.5重量%で蒸着させることにより40nmの厚さの発光層を形成した点だけを変更して、その他は実施例2と同じ手順により有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
作製した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の最大発光波長(λmax)は528nmであり、6.3mAにおける外部量子効率(EQE)は20.9%であった。また、素子の耐久性も良好であった。
以上より、一般式(1)で表される化合物をアシストドーパントとして用いたときも、発光効率が高くて耐久性が良好な有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を提供できることが確認された。
Claims (22)
- 前記環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基が、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリール基で置換されている、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基が、酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子からなる群より選択される1以上の原子を環骨格構成原子とする環が縮合したカルバゾール-9-イル基である、請求項1に記載の化合物
- X1~X3がNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Ar1およびAr2が、重水素原子で置換されていてもよいアリール基である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- L1が単結合である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1が水素原子である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R3がフェニル基である、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- R2およびR4が同一の置換された環縮合カルバゾール-9-イル基である、請求項8に記載の化合物。
- 重水素原子を少なくとも1つ有する、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物からなる発光材料。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物からなる遅延蛍光体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む膜。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む有機半導体素子。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む有機発光素子。
- 前記素子が前記化合物を含む層を有しており、前記層がホスト材料も含む、請求項15に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記化合物を含む層が、前記化合物および前記ホスト材料の他に遅延蛍光材料も含み、前記遅延蛍光材料の最低励起一重項エネルギーが前記ホスト材料より低く、前記化合物よりも高い、請求項16に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記素子が前記化合物を含む層を有しており、前記層が前記化合物とは異なる構造を有する発光材料も含む、請求項16に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記素子に含まれる材料のうち、前記化合物からの発光量が最大である、請求項16に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記発光材料からの発光量が前記化合物からの発光量よりも多い、請求項18に記載の有機発光素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子である、請求項15に記載の有機発光素子。
- 遅延蛍光を放射する、請求項15に記載の有機発光素子。
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