WO2023085366A1 - 貫通電極基板、実装基板及び貫通電極基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
貫通電極基板、実装基板及び貫通電極基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023085366A1 WO2023085366A1 PCT/JP2022/041942 JP2022041942W WO2023085366A1 WO 2023085366 A1 WO2023085366 A1 WO 2023085366A1 JP 2022041942 W JP2022041942 W JP 2022041942W WO 2023085366 A1 WO2023085366 A1 WO 2023085366A1
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- electrode substrate
- electrode
- seed layer
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- substrate
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K1/115—Via connections; Lands around holes or via connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/12—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
- H01L23/14—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the material or its electrical properties
- H01L23/15—Ceramic or glass substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49827—Via connections through the substrates, e.g. pins going through the substrate, coaxial cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K1/111—Pads for surface mounting, e.g. lay-out
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/422—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroless plating method; pretreatment therefor
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a through electrode substrate, a mounting substrate, and a method for manufacturing a through electrode substrate.
- the through electrode substrate includes a substrate provided with through holes and electrodes positioned in the through holes.
- a through electrode substrate is used as an interposer interposed between two LSI chips.
- the through electrode substrate may be interposed between an element such as an LSI chip and a mounting substrate such as a motherboard.
- the electrodes provided inside the through-holes are sometimes referred to as through-electrodes.
- a filled via or a conformal via is known as an example of a through electrode.
- a filled via includes a conductive material such as copper that is filled inside a through hole.
- a conformal via includes a conductive layer that extends along the walls of the through hole. Filled vias are preferable from the viewpoint of reducing electrical resistance.
- voids are likely to occur.
- a void is a hole defect that occurs inside a filled via. Voids occur when the plating growth rate inside the through-hole is not properly controlled.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure has been made in consideration of such points, and aims to provide a through electrode substrate including through electrodes in which voids are suppressed.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the following [1] to [21].
- a through electrode substrate a substrate including a first surface and a second surface located opposite to the first surface, and provided with a through hole including a wall surface extending from the first surface to the second surface; a through electrode located in the through hole and extending from the first surface to the second surface;
- the through electrode is a seed layer positioned on the wall surface, the seed layer spreading along the wall surface from the first surface toward the second surface, a first portion covering the seed layer, and the and a second portion contacting the first portion at an interface across the through hole.
- the dimension of the first portion may be smaller than the dimension of the second portion in the thickness direction of the substrate.
- T11/T0 which is the ratio of the dimension T11 of the seed layer in the thickness direction of the substrate to the thickness T0 of the substrate, is 0.025 or more. It may be 0.275 or less.
- the interface may include a depression facing the first surface.
- T0/R1 which is the ratio of the thickness T0 of the substrate to the dimension R1 of the through hole on the first surface, 3.0 or more and 25.0 or less may be sufficient.
- the seed layer may have a thickness of 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the first portion comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al. It may comprise a superconducting material containing elements.
- the second portion comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al. It may comprise a superconducting material containing elements.
- the through electrode substrate according to any one of [1] to [8] is located on the first surface so as to cover the through hole in plan view, and is connected to the first portion. 1 pad may be provided.
- the first pad comprises a superconducting material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al.
- the first pad may be configured integrally with the first portion.
- the first pad may cover the through hole in plan view.
- the through electrode substrate according to any one of [9] to [12] is located on the first surface, adjacent to the first pad in the surface direction, and includes a first inorganic insulating material containing an inorganic insulating material. It may have layers.
- the through electrode substrate according to any one of [1] to [13] may include a first wiring located on the first surface and connected to the first portion.
- the first wiring comprises a superconducting material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al.
- the first wiring may be configured integrally with the first portion.
- a mounting substrate comprising the through electrode substrate according to any one of [1] to [16] and an element electrically connected to the through electrode of the through electrode substrate, It is a mounting board.
- the device may include a quantum chip including quantum bits.
- a method for manufacturing a through electrode substrate comprising: preparing a substrate including a first surface and a second surface located opposite to the first surface and provided with a through hole including a wall surface extending from the first surface to the second surface; a through-electrode forming step of forming a through-electrode in the through-hole,
- the through electrode forming step includes: forming a seed layer positioned on the wall surface and extending along the wall surface from the first surface toward the second surface; forming a first plating portion covering the seed layer by a first plating process using a first plating solution; forming a second plating portion in contact with the first plating portion by a second plating process using a second plating solution;
- the manufacturing method wherein the second plated portion is in contact with the first plated portion at an interface across the through hole.
- the first plating solution contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al. It may have materials.
- the second plating solution contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al. It may comprise a superconducting material comprising:
- a through electrode substrate including through electrodes in which voids are suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a mounting substrate according to a first embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate according to the first embodiment;
- It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate which concerns on a 1st modification. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate which concerns on a 1st modification. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate which concerns on a 1st modification. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate which concerns on a 1st modification. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the through electrode substrate which concerns on a 1st modification.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a product on which a through electrode substrate is mounted; It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing conditions and evaluation result of a penetration electrode substrate in an Example.
- the numerical range of the parameter is any one upper limit candidate and any one lower limit value.
- “Parameter B is, for example, A1 or more, may be A2 or more, or may be A3 or more.
- Parameter B may be, for example, A4 or less, may be A5 or less, or A6 or less.
- the numerical range of the parameter B may be A1 or more and A4 or less, A1 or more and A5 or less, A1 or more and A6 or less, or A2 or more and A4 or less, It may be A2 or more and A5 or less, A2 or more and A6 or less, A3 or more and A4 or less, A3 or more and A5 or less, or A3 or more and A6 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the mounting board 60.
- the mounting substrate 60 includes the through electrode substrate 10 and the elements 61 .
- the element 61 may be an LSI chip such as a logic IC or memory IC.
- the element 61 may be a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) chip.
- a MEMS chip is an electronic device in which mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, electronic circuits, etc. are integrated on one substrate.
- the element 61 has a terminal 62 electrically connected to the through electrode substrate 10 .
- the element 61 may have a quantum chip.
- a quantum chip functions as a quantum computer.
- a quantum computer is a computer that processes information using quantum mechanical phenomena.
- Quantum chips include qubits.
- a quantum bit is the smallest unit of quantum information.
- a specific structure of the quantum bit is not particularly limited.
- a qubit may be composed of a circuit that includes superconducting material.
- the element 61 may have a superconducting chip.
- a superconducting chip is a chip that is driven using a superconducting phenomenon.
- a superconducting phenomenon is, for example, persistent current.
- the mounting board 60 may include a cooling device.
- the cooling device cools the through electrode substrate 10 and the element 61 . If the through electrode substrate 10 or the elements 61 contain a superconducting material, the cooling device may cool the through electrode substrate 10 and the elements 61 below the superconducting transition temperature.
- the superconducting transition temperature is the temperature at which a superconducting material exhibits a superconducting state. The superconducting transition temperature may be 77K or lower.
- the through electrode substrate 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a substrate 12 , through electrodes 22 , first wirings 25 and post pads 41 .
- Substrate 12 includes a first side 13 and a second side 14 .
- the second surface 14 is located opposite the first surface 13 .
- element 61 may be located on first surface 13 .
- the element 61 may be positioned on the second surface 14 .
- the substrate 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes 20 penetrating through the substrate 12 .
- Through hole 20 includes a wall surface 21 .
- Wall surface 21 extends from first surface 13 to second surface 14 .
- the thickness direction D1 may be parallel to the normal direction of the first surface 13 .
- the direction in which the first surface 13 spreads is also referred to as a surface direction D2.
- the substrate 12 is made of an insulating inorganic material.
- the substrate 12 may be a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a resin substrate, a silicon substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) substrate, an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate, a zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) substrate, or the like. include.
- surfaces such as the first surface 13, the second surface 14, and the wall surface 21 of the substrate 12 may be made of an insulating film.
- the insulating film is formed, for example, by oxidizing the substrate 12 having the through holes 20 formed therein at a high temperature.
- the thickness T0 of the substrate 12 is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more, may be 150 ⁇ m or more, or may be 200 ⁇ m or more. When the thickness T0 is 100 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to suppress an increase in the bending of the substrate 12 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the substrate 12 from becoming difficult to handle in the manufacturing process and from warping the substrate 12 due to the internal stress of the layers formed on the substrate 12 .
- the thickness T0 of the substrate 12 is, for example, 600 ⁇ m or less, may be 500 ⁇ m or less, or may be 400 ⁇ m or less. By setting the thickness T0 to be 600 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suppress an increase in the time required for the step of forming the through holes 20 in the substrate 12 .
- the wall surface 21 of the through hole 20 may spread along the thickness direction D1.
- the wall surface 21 may spread along a direction deviated from the thickness direction D1.
- the wall surface 21 may include a portion extending in a direction inclined with respect to the thickness direction D1 so that the dimension of the through hole 20 decreases from the first surface 13 toward the second surface 14 .
- the wall surface 21 may include a portion extending in a direction inclined with respect to the thickness direction D1 so that the dimension of the through hole 20 decreases from the second surface 14 toward the first surface 13 .
- the wall surface 21 has a portion extending in a direction inclined with respect to the thickness direction D1 so that the dimension of the through hole 20 decreases from the first surface 13 toward the center of the through hole 20 in the thickness direction D1, and a portion extending from the second surface 14. and a portion extending in a direction inclined with respect to the thickness direction D1 so that the dimension of the through hole 20 decreases toward the center of the through hole 20 in the thickness direction D1.
- a portion of the wall surface 21 may be curved.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged through electrode substrate.
- Through hole 20 has dimension R1 on first surface 13 .
- Through hole 20 has dimension R2 on second surface 14 .
- Dimension R1 may be the same as dimension R2.
- Dimension R1 may differ from dimension R2. For example, dimension R1 may be larger than dimension R2 or smaller than dimension R2.
- the dimension R1 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more, may be 10 ⁇ m or more, or may be 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the dimension R1 is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, may be 80 ⁇ m or less, or may be 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the numerical range of dimension R2 may be the same as the numerical range of dimension R1.
- the ratio T0/R1 of the thickness T0 to the dimension R1 is, for example, 3.0 or more, may be 4.0 or more, or may be 5.0 or more.
- T0/R1 is, for example, 25.0 or less, may be 20.0 or less, or may be 15.0 or less.
- T0/R1 may be 3.0 or more and 25.0 or less.
- T0/R1 is equal to or greater than 3.0, it is possible to prevent the through hole 20 from being blocked by the through electrode 22 on the first surface 13 .
- T0/R1 is 25.0 or less, the time required to form the through electrodes 22 by plating can be reduced.
- the shape of the through-hole 20 in plan view is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the through-hole 20 in plan view may be circular or may not be circular.
- the above-described dimensions R1 and R2 are the diameter of the through-hole 20 on the first surface 13 and the diameter of the through-hole 20 on the second surface 14 .
- the dimensions R1 and R2 described above are defined in the direction in which the dimension of the through-hole 20 in plan view is maximized.
- the shape of the through-hole 20 in plan view is elliptical
- the dimensions R1 and R2 described above are defined in the direction of the long axis of the ellipse.
- the through electrode 22 is positioned inside the through hole 20 and is a conductive member.
- the through electrode 22 is filled in the through hole 20 .
- the through electrodes 22 are so-called filled vias.
- the through electrode 22 may include a first end surface 221 located on the first surface 13 and a second end surface 222 located on the second surface 14 .
- the first end surface 221 may extend on the same plane as the first surface 13 .
- the second end surface 222 may be coplanar with the second surface 14 .
- the through electrode 22 includes a seed layer 31, a first portion 23 and a second portion 24.
- the first portion 23 is formed by a first plating process.
- the second portion 24 is formed by a second plating process that is performed after the first plating process.
- the through electrode 22 includes an interface 223 where the first portion 23 and the second portion 24 are in contact with each other. Interface 223 crosses through-hole 20 .
- the interface 223 may be formed by grain boundaries of the material forming the first portion 23 .
- the seed layer 31 extends along the wall surface 21 in the circumferential direction of the through hole 20 . Also, the seed layer 31 spreads along the wall surface 21 from the first surface 13 toward the second surface 14 . The seed layer 31 extends so as not to reach the second surface 14 . That is, the dimension T11 of the seed layer 31 located in the through-hole 20 in the thickness direction D1 is smaller than the thickness T0 of the substrate 12 .
- T11/T0 which is the ratio of dimension T11 to thickness T0, is, for example, 0.025 or more, may be 0.05 or more, or may be 0.10 or more.
- T11/T0 is, for example, 0.275 or less, may be 0.25 or less, or may be 0.20 or less.
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 is, for example, 5 nm or more, may be 10 nm or more, may be 15 nm or more, or may be 20 nm or more.
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 is, for example, 50 nm or less, may be 40 nm or less, or may be 30 nm or less.
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 may be 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 is 5 nm or more, it is possible to prevent the wall surface 21 from having a portion not covered with the seed layer 31 .
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 is set to 50 nm or less, it is possible to prevent the thickness of the first portion 23 from becoming uneven.
- a depression 223a which will be described later, is likely to occur.
- a thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 is defined at the center of the first portion 23 in the thickness direction D1.
- the material of the seed layer 31 is selected so that the first portion 23 can be deposited on the seed layer 31.
- the material of seed layer 31 may be the same as the material of first portion 23 or may be different from the material of first portion 23 .
- Seed layer 31 may include, for example, a metal material such as Cu, Ti, or Cr.
- the seed layer 31 may contain compounds of these metal materials.
- seed layer 31 may contain TiN.
- Seed layer 31 may include multiple layers.
- seed layer 31 may include a layer of TiN and a layer of Cu.
- the seed layer 31 may contain a general metal material, which will be described later. Seed layer 31 may contain a superconducting material, which will be described later.
- the barrier layer is provided, for example, to suppress diffusion of metal elements contained in the seed layer 31 , the first portion 23 , the second portion 24 and the like into the substrate 12 .
- the barrier layer is made of, for example, titanium, titanium nitride, molybdenum, molybdenum nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, or a laminate thereof.
- the adhesion layer is provided to enhance adhesion of the through electrode 22 to the wall surface 21 .
- the adhesion layer is made of, for example, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, nickel, chromium, aluminum, compounds thereof, alloys thereof, or a laminate thereof.
- the first portion 23 is formed by a deposition reaction using charges supplied from the seed layer 31 .
- the first portion 23 covers the seed layer 31 in the through hole 20 .
- the first portion 23 extends from the first surface 13 to a position on the second surface 14 side with respect to the seed layer 31 in the thickness direction D1.
- the first portion 23 may contain metal materials such as Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, Rh, Ni, Cr, and Pd.
- the first portion 23 may contain compounds of these metal materials.
- metal materials such as Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, Rh, Ni, Cr, and Pd and compounds of these metal materials are also referred to as general metal materials.
- the first portion 23 may contain a superconducting material.
- the superconducting material contains, for example, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al.
- the ratio of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In and Al in the superconducting material is, for example, 10% by mass or more, and may be 20% by mass or more. % by mass or more.
- Superconducting materials may include metallic materials such as Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In, Al.
- Superconducting materials may include compounds of these metallic materials.
- the second portion 24 contacts the first portion 23 at the interface 223 .
- the second portion 24 extends in the thickness direction D1 from the interface 223 to the second surface 14 .
- Interface 223 across through-hole 20 may not be flat.
- the interface 223 may include a recess 223a recessed toward the first surface 13.
- the depth K of the depression 223a is, for example, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, may be 3.0 ⁇ m or more, or may be 5.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the depth K of the depression 223a is, for example, less than 15 ⁇ m, may be less than 12 ⁇ m, or may be less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the depth K of the depression 223a may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 15 ⁇ m.
- the growth of the second plated portion 34 of the second portion 24 progresses more easily in the center of the through-hole 20 in plan view than in the vicinity of the wall surface 21 of the through-hole 20.
- the interface 223 includes the depression 223a, it is possible to prevent the second portion 24 from excessively protruding from the second surface 14 at the center of the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the depth K of the depression 223a By setting the depth K of the depression 223a to be less than 15 ⁇ m, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects such as voids during the growth of the second plated portion 34 .
- the dimension T21 of the first portion 23 may be smaller than the dimension T22 of the second portion 24 in the thickness direction D1.
- the dimension T21 and the dimension T22 may be defined by the outer edges of the first portion 23 and the second portion 24 in the planar direction D2.
- the dimension T21 and the dimension T22 may be defined by the positions of the first portion 23 and the second portion 24 that contact the wall surface 21 .
- T21/T22 which is the ratio of dimension T21 to dimension T22, is, for example, 0.90 or less, may be 0.80 or less, or may be 0.70 or less.
- T21/T22 may be, for example, 0.05 or more, 0.10 or more, or 0.20 or more.
- T21/T22 may be 0.05 or more and 0.90 or less.
- the second portion 24, like the first portion 23, may contain a general metal material.
- Second portion 24, like first portion 23, may comprise a superconducting material.
- the material of the second portion 24 may be the same as or different from the material of the first portion 23.
- both the first portion 23 and the second portion 24 may comprise common metallic materials, or may comprise superconducting materials.
- the first portion 23 may comprise a superconducting material and the second portion 24 may comprise a general metallic material.
- the first portion 23 may comprise a general metallic material and the second portion 24 may comprise a superconducting material.
- the first wiring 25 is connected to the through electrode 22 .
- the first wiring 25 is configured not to cover the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the first wiring 25 extends in the surface direction D2. Since the first wiring 25 does not cover the through holes 20 , gas generated in the through holes 20 can be discharged from the through holes 20 on the first surface 13 . Thereby, it is possible to suppress an increase in the pressure inside the through-hole 20 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress the phenomenon that the first wiring 25 is deformed due to the pressure inside the through hole 20 .
- the thickness T3 of the first wiring 25 is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ m or more, may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more, or may be 2.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness T3 is, for example, 5.0 ⁇ m or less, may be 4.5 ⁇ m or less, or may be 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the first wiring 25, like the first portion 23, may contain a general metal material.
- the first wiring 25, like the first portion 23, may contain a superconducting material.
- the material of the first wiring 25 may be the same as or different from the material of the first portion 23 .
- the post pad 41 is positioned, for example, between the first wiring 25 and the element 61 in the thickness direction D1. Post pads 41 may be connected to terminals 62 of element 61 .
- the thickness T4 of the post pad 41 is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ m or more, may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more, or may be 2.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness T4 is, for example, 5.0 ⁇ m or less, may be 4.5 ⁇ m or less, or may be 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the post pad 41 may contain a general metal material.
- Post pads 41, like first portion 23, may comprise a superconducting material.
- the material of the post pads 41 may be the same as or different from the material of the first portion 23 .
- the combination of materials for the seed layer 31, first portion 23, second portion 24, first wiring 25, and post pad 41 is arbitrary. Some examples of each material combination are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, “superconducting” means superconducting materials, and “common” means common metallic materials.
- the thickness T0, the dimension T11, the thickness T12, the dimension T21, the dimension T22, the thickness T3, the thickness T4, the dimension R1, the dimension R2, and the like are calculated based on a cross-sectional image of the through electrode substrate 10 obtained by a scanning electron microscope. .
- the substrate 12 is prepared.
- a resist layer is provided on at least one of the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 .
- openings are provided in the resist layer at positions corresponding to the through holes 20 .
- the substrate 12 is processed in the opening of the resist layer.
- through holes 20 can be formed in the substrate 12 as shown in FIG.
- a dry etching method, a wet etching method, or the like can be used as a method for processing the substrate 12.
- the dry etching method includes a reactive ion etching method, a deep reactive ion etching method, and the like.
- the through holes 20 may be formed in the substrate 12 by irradiating the substrate 12 with a laser.
- the resist layer may not be provided.
- the laser an excimer laser, Nd:YAG laser, femtosecond laser, or the like can be used.
- Nd:YAG laser When an Nd:YAG laser is employed, a fundamental wave with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a second harmonic with a wavelength of 532 nm, a third harmonic with a wavelength of 355 nm, or the like can be used.
- laser irradiation and wet etching can be appropriately combined. Specifically, first, an altered layer is formed in a region of the substrate 12 where the through hole 20 is to be formed by laser irradiation. Subsequently, the substrate 12 is immersed in hydrogen fluoride or the like to etch the altered layer. Thereby, the through holes 20 can be formed in the substrate 12 .
- the through holes 20 may be formed in the substrate 12 by blasting the substrate 12 with an abrasive.
- a seed layer 31 is formed on the wall surface 21 of the through hole 20 .
- the seed layer 31 is formed by a physical film forming method such as a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method.
- a case of forming the seed layer 31 using a vapor deposition method will be described.
- the material forming the seed layer 31 flies toward the first surface 13 .
- a seed layer 31 extending from the first surface 13 toward the second surface 14 along the wall surface 21 can be formed.
- the seed layer 31 is also formed on the first surface 13 .
- the depth of the seed layer 31 entering the through-hole 20 from the first surface 13, ie, the dimension T11 of the seed layer 31 can be controlled by adjusting the time for performing the vapor deposition method, the flying angle, and the like.
- the seed layer 31 is formed on the first surface 13 side by sputtering or ion plating.
- the seed layer 31 extending along the wall surface 21 from the first surface 13 toward the second surface 14 is also formed inside the through hole 20 .
- the dimension of the seed layer 31 in the thickness direction D1 is larger than the desired dimension T11.
- a resist layer is formed on the portion of the seed layer 31 located inside the through hole 20 and having the desired dimension T11.
- an etchant is supplied into the through holes 20 from the second surface 14 side. This removes the portion of the seed layer 31 that is not covered with the resist layer. In this manner, the seed layer 31 having the desired dimension T11 can be formed inside the through hole 20.
- a first plating process is performed to supply the first plating solution to the first surface 13 .
- a first plated portion 33 covering the seed layer 31 is formed by electroplating. Seed layer 31 functions as a cathode.
- An anode 50 is arranged to face the seed layer 31 on the first surface 13, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
- the first plated portion 33 is formed not only inside the through hole 20 but also on the first surface 13 .
- the first plated portion 33 includes a third surface 331 and a fourth surface 332.
- the fourth surface 332 is positioned at the through hole 20 .
- the fourth surface 332 may include a depression 332a recessed toward the first surface 13.
- the third surface 331 is located on the side opposite to the fourth surface 332 in the thickness direction D1.
- the third surface 331 may be located outside the through hole 20 .
- the first plating process is performed so that the through holes 20 are blocked by the first plated portions 33 on the first surface 13 .
- the fourth surface 332 widens across the through hole 20 .
- the fourth surface 332 and the depression 332a constitute the interface 223 and the depression 223a described above.
- the first plating solution may contain general metal materials such as Cu, Au, Ag, Pt, Rh, Ni, and Cr.
- the first plating solution may contain superconducting materials such as Nb, Pb, Ta, Sn, In, and Al.
- the concentration in the first plating solution of the elements constituting the conductive material contained in the first plating portion 33, such as general metal materials and superconducting materials, is also referred to as the first concentration.
- the current supplied to the seed layer 31 in the first plating process is also referred to as the first current.
- the first plating solution may contain an accelerator that accelerates the deposition reaction.
- the first plating solution may contain an inhibitor that suppresses the deposition reaction.
- FIG. 6A a second plated portion 34 is formed by electrolytic plating.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a state in which the second plated portion 34 has grown further.
- the anode 50 is arranged to face the fourth surface 332 of the first plated portion 33 . Such an arrangement may be achieved by inverting the substrate 12 in the plating apparatus.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B no seed layer is provided on the wall surface 21 between the seed layer 31 and the second surface 14 .
- the second plated portion 34 grows from the first plated portion 33 toward the second surface 14 in the thickness direction D1, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. Therefore, compared to the case where the second plated portion 34 grows from the wall surface 21 toward the center of the through-hole 20 in the plane direction, defects such as voids can be prevented from occurring in the second plated portion 34 .
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the growth of the second plated portion 34 has progressed onto the second surface 14. As shown in FIG.
- the second plated portion 34 includes a fifth surface 341 and a sixth surface 342.
- the fifth surface 341 is in contact with the fourth surface 332 of the first plated portion 33 .
- the fourth surface 332 and the fifth surface 341 constitute the interface 223 described above.
- the sixth surface 342 is located on the side opposite to the fifth surface 341 in the thickness direction D1.
- the sixth surface 342 may be located outside the through hole 20 .
- the second plating solution may contain a general metal material.
- the second plating solution like the first plating solution, may contain a superconducting material.
- the concentration in the second plating solution of the elements constituting the conductive material contained in the second plating portion 34, such as general metal materials and superconducting materials, is also referred to as the second concentration.
- the current supplied to the seed layer 31 in the second plating process is also referred to as a second current.
- the second concentration may be lower than the first concentration. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects such as voids in the second plated portion 34 .
- the second current may be lower than the first current. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects such as voids in the second plated portion 34 .
- the second plating solution may contain an accelerator that accelerates the deposition reaction.
- the concentration of the accelerator contained in the second plating solution may be lower than the concentration of the accelerator contained in the first plating solution.
- the second plating solution may contain an inhibitor that suppresses the deposition reaction.
- the concentration of the inhibitor contained in the second plating solution may be higher than the concentration of the inhibitor contained in the first plating solution.
- a removal step of removing unnecessary plated portions may be performed.
- a first removal step of removing the first plated portion 33 located on the first surface 13 may be performed.
- the first removal step may remove the first plated portion 33 on the first surface 13 by chemical mechanical polishing.
- the first removal step may remove the seed layer 31 on the first surface 13 .
- a first end surface 221 extending on the same plane as the first surface 13 may be obtained by the first removing step.
- a second removal step of removing the second plated portion 34 located on the second surface 14 may be performed.
- the second removal step may remove the second plated portion 34 on the second surface 14 by a chemical mechanical polishing method.
- a second end surface 222 extending coplanar with the second surface 14 may be obtained by the second removal step.
- a first wiring forming step of forming the first wiring 25 on the first surface 13 may be performed. Any method can be used to form the first wiring 25 . For example, first, a conductive layer is formed on the first surface 13 by sputtering. Subsequently, a resist layer is formed on the portion of the conductive layer corresponding to the first wiring 25 . Subsequently, portions of the conductive layer not covered with the resist layer are removed by etching or the like. Thus, the first wiring 25 including the conductive layer is formed on the first surface 13 .
- a post pad forming step for forming the post pads 41 may be performed. Any method can be used to form the post pads 41 .
- the post pads 41 may be formed by performing sputtering, formation of a resist layer, and etching in the same manner as the first wiring 25 .
- the through electrode substrate 10 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- defects such as voids can be suppressed from occurring in the second portion 24 . Therefore, it is possible to provide the through electrode substrate 10 including the through electrode 22 in which defects such as voids are suppressed.
- the seed layer 31 is formed on the substrate 12 provided with the through holes 20, as in the above-described embodiment. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10 , a first resist layer 35 is partially formed on the seed layer 31 on the first surface 13 .
- the first resist layer 35 may include a side surface 351 surrounding the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the second resist layer 36 may be partially formed on the second surface 14 .
- the second resist layer 36 may include a side surface 361 surrounding the through hole 20 in plan view.
- a first plating process for forming a first plated portion 33 is performed.
- the third surface 331 of the first plated portion 33 includes an outer edge surrounded by the first resist layer 35 in plan view.
- a second plating process for forming a second plated portion 34 is performed.
- the sixth surface 342 of the second plated portion 34 includes an outer edge surrounded by the second resist layer 36 in plan view.
- First pad 27 includes first plated portion 33 and seed layer 31 .
- Second pad 28 includes a second plated portion 34 .
- the first pad 27 is positioned on the first surface 13 so as to cover the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the first pad 27 is connected to the first portion 23 of the through electrode 22 .
- the first plated portion 33 of the first pad 27 is integrated with the first plated portion 33 of the first portion 23 of the through electrode 22 . That is, the first pad 27 is configured integrally with the first portion 23 . Therefore, most of the material of first pad 27 is the same as the material of first portion 23 . If first portion 23 comprises superconducting material, first pad 27 also comprises superconducting material. If the first portion 23 contains a common metal material, the first pad 27 also contains a common metal material.
- the thickness T5 of the first pad 27 is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ m or more, may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more, or may be 2.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness T5 is, for example, 5.0 ⁇ m or less, may be 4.5 ⁇ m or less, or may be 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the dimension R5 of the first pad 27 in plan view is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more, may be 15 ⁇ m or more, or may be 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the dimension R5 is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, may be 80 ⁇ m or less, or may be 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the numerical range of the dimension R6 of the second pad 28 in plan view may be the same as the numerical range of the dimension R5.
- the second pad 28 is positioned on the second surface 14 so as to cover the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the second pad 28 is connected to the second portion 24 of the through electrode 22 .
- the second pad 28 is integral with the second plated portion 34 of the second portion 24 of the through electrode 22 . That is, the second pad 28 is configured integrally with the second portion 24 . Therefore, most of the material of second pad 28 is the same as the material of second portion 24 . If second portion 24 comprises superconducting material, then second pad 28 also comprises superconducting material. If the second portion 24 comprises a common metal material, the second pad 28 also comprises a common metal material.
- the thickness T6 of the second pad 28 is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ m or more, may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more, or may be 2.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness T6 is, for example, 5.0 ⁇ m or less, may be 4.5 ⁇ m or less, or may be 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- a first inorganic layer 37 may be formed.
- the first inorganic layer 37 is located on the first surface 13 .
- the first inorganic layer 37 may be adjacent to the first pad 27 in the surface direction D2.
- the first inorganic layer 37 contains an inorganic insulating material.
- the inorganic insulating material is, for example, SiN, SiO2 , or the like.
- the first inorganic layer 37 may comprise a layer of SiN and a layer of SiO2 .
- Inorganic insulating materials have mechanical stability at low temperatures compared to organic insulating materials. For example, in a layer made of an inorganic insulating material, defects such as cracks are less likely to occur when the temperature changes between a low temperature and a normal temperature, compared to a layer made of an organic insulating material.
- a low temperature is, for example, a temperature at which a superconducting phenomenon occurs. The temperature at which superconductivity occurs is near absolute zero, for example, the temperature of liquid helium.
- the seed layer 31 is formed on the substrate 12 provided with the through holes 20, as in the above-described embodiment. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 14, a first resist layer 35 is partially formed on the seed layer 31 on the first surface 13 . The first resist layer 35 is formed so that the portion of the seed layer 31 at the position where the first wiring 25 is formed is exposed from the first resist layer 35 .
- a first plating process for forming a first plated portion 33 is performed.
- the outer edge of the third surface 331 of the first plated portion 33 is defined by the side surface 351 of the first resist layer 35 .
- a second plating process for forming a second plated portion 34 is performed.
- the first wiring 25 includes a first plated portion 33 and a seed layer 31 .
- a second removal step of removing the second plated portion 34 located on the second surface 14 may be performed as in the above-described embodiment.
- the first wiring 25 may be positioned on the first surface 13 so as not to cover the through hole 20 in plan view.
- the first wiring 25 is connected to the first portion 23 of the through electrode 22 .
- the first plated portion 33 of the first wiring 25 is integrated with the first plated portion 33 of the first portion 23 of the through electrode 22 . That is, the first wiring 25 is configured integrally with the first portion 23 . Therefore, most of the material of the first wiring 25 is the same as the material of the first portion 23 . If the first portion 23 contains a superconducting material, the first wiring 25 also contains a superconducting material. If the first portion 23 contains a common metal material, the first wiring 25 also contains a common metal material.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a product on which the through electrode substrate 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be mounted.
- the through electrode substrate 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be used in various products. For example, it is installed in a notebook personal computer 110, a tablet terminal 120, a mobile phone 130, a smart phone 140, a digital video camera 150, a digital camera 160, a digital clock 170, a server 180, and the like.
- Example 1 Through the manufacturing process shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the through electrode substrate 10 shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured.
- a substrate 12 made of silicon having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness T0 of 400 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a large number of through electrodes 22 were formed on the substrate 12 .
- 100 chip areas were formed on the substrate 12 .
- One chip area is a square area with a side of about 12 mm in plan view.
- One chip area includes 1000 through electrodes 22 .
- a method for forming the through electrodes 22 will be described.
- through holes 20 were formed in the substrate 12 by deep reactive ion etching.
- the through-hole 20 has a circular contour in plan view.
- a dimension R1 and a dimension R2 of the through hole 20 are 50 ⁇ m.
- the substrate 12 in which the through-holes 20 were formed was oxidized at 1050.degree.
- insulating films were formed on the first surface 13 , the second surface 14 and the wall surface 21 of the substrate 12 .
- an adhesion layer made of Cr was formed on the wall surface 21 .
- a seed layer 31 made of Cu was formed by vapor deposition.
- the dimension T11 of the seed layer 31 in the thickness direction D1 was 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 was 3 nm.
- a first plated portion 33 made of Cu was formed by electrolytic plating.
- a first observation step of observing the shape of the first plated portion 33 was performed. Specifically, the shape of the first plated portion 33 was observed using an X-ray transmission device. Based on the observation results, for example, the flatness of the fourth surface 332 of the first plated portion 33 was evaluated.
- a second plated portion 34 made of Cu was formed by electroplating. The plating process was continued until the thickness of the second plated portion 34 protruding from the through hole 20 to the outside reached 50 ⁇ m.
- the annealing temperature is 250° C. and the annealing time is 1 hour.
- a first removal step of removing the first plated portion 33 located on the first surface 13 and a second removal step of removing the second plated portion 34 located on the second surface 14 are performed.
- a removal step was performed.
- the through electrode substrate 10 including the through electrode 22 was produced.
- a second observation step of observing the shape of the through electrode substrate 10 was performed. Specifically, the shape of the through electrode 22 was observed using an X-ray transmission device. Also, based on the observation results, it was confirmed whether voids were generated inside the through electrodes 22 . If a void occurs inside the through electrode 22, a part of the through electrode 22 appears white. The through electrode 22 including a portion that looks white was counted as a defective through electrode. The number of through electrodes 22 formed on one substrate 12 is 100,000. In the second observation step, it was confirmed whether or not voids occurred in all of the through electrodes 22 .
- Examples 2 to 18 A through electrode substrate 10 was produced under manufacturing conditions changed from Example 1.
- FIG. Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
- DEPO means that the seed layer 31 is formed by vapor deposition
- SP means that the seed layer 31 is formed by sputtering
- IP means that the seed layer 31 was formed by an ion plating method.
- void ratio the ratio of the number of defective through electrodes to the number of observed through electrodes 22 (hereinafter also referred to as void ratio) was less than 5%. “great” means that the void ratio was 0%, and “not good” means that the void ratio was 5% or more.
- Example 19 A through electrode substrate 10 was produced under the same manufacturing conditions as in Example 1, except that the dimension R1 and the dimension R2 of the through hole 20 were set to 20 ⁇ m. Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out.
- Example 20 to 36 A through electrode substrate 10 including a through hole 20 having dimensions R1 and R2 of 20 ⁇ m was manufactured under manufacturing conditions changed from Example 19.
- FIG. The manufacturing conditions of Examples 20-36 correspond to the manufacturing conditions of Examples 2-18, respectively. Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
- Examples 37 to 44 A substrate 12 made of silicon having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness T0 of 250 ⁇ m was prepared. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a large number of through electrodes 22 were formed on the substrate 12 .
- the through-hole 20 has a circular contour in plan view. A dimension R1 and a dimension R2 of the through hole 20 are 30 ⁇ m. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a step of forming an insulating film, an adhesion layer made of Cr, a seed layer 31 made of Cu, a first plated portion 33 made of Cu, and a second plated portion 34 made of Cu is performed. By doing so, the through electrode 22 was produced.
- Example 37 the vapor deposition conditions were adjusted so that the dimension T11 in the thickness direction D1 of the seed layer 31 made of Cu had the value shown in FIG. Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 45 to 53 A substrate 12 made of silicon having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness T0 of 600 ⁇ m was prepared. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a large number of through electrodes 22 were formed on the substrate 12 .
- the through-hole 20 has a circular contour in plan view. A dimension R1 and a dimension R2 of the through hole 20 are 90 ⁇ m. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a step of forming an insulating film, an adhesion layer made of Cr, a seed layer 31 made of Cu, a first plated portion 33 made of Cu, and a second plated portion 34 made of Cu is performed. By doing so, the through electrode 22 was produced.
- Example 45 to 53 the vapor deposition conditions were adjusted so that the dimension T11 in the thickness direction D1 of the seed layer 31 made of Cu had the value shown in FIG. Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 54 A substrate 12 made of silicon having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness T0 of 400 ⁇ m was prepared. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a large number of through electrodes 22 were formed on the substrate 12 .
- the through-hole 20 has a circular contour in plan view. Through hole 20 has a diameter that increases from first surface 13 to second surface 14 .
- a dimension R1 of the through hole 20 in the first surface 13 is 50 ⁇ m.
- the dimension R2 of the through hole 20 in the second surface 14 is 90 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 a step of forming an insulating film, an adhesion layer made of Cr, a seed layer 31 made of Cu, a first plated portion 33 made of Cu, and a second plated portion 34 made of Cu is performed. By doing so, the through electrode 22 was produced.
- the vapor deposition conditions were adjusted so that the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 was the value shown in FIG. The thickness T12 is defined at the center position of the seed layer 31 in the thickness direction of the substrate 12 . Further, as in the case of Example 1, evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 63 to 70 A substrate 12 made of silicon having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness T0 of 600 ⁇ m was prepared. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a large number of through electrodes 22 were formed on the substrate 12 .
- the through-hole 20 has a circular contour in plan view. Through hole 20 has a diameter that increases from first surface 13 to second surface 14 .
- a dimension R1 and a dimension R2 of the through hole 20 are 100 ⁇ m. Subsequently, as in Example 1, a step of forming an insulating film, an adhesion layer made of Cr, a seed layer 31 made of Cu, a first plated portion 33 made of Cu, and a second plated portion 34 made of Cu is performed.
- the through electrode 22 was produced.
- the vapor deposition conditions were adjusted so that the thickness T12 of the seed layer 31 was the value shown in FIG.
- the thickness T12 is defined at the center position of the seed layer 31 in the thickness direction of the substrate 12 .
- evaluation of the flatness of the surface of the first plated portion 33 and confirmation of voids in the through electrodes 22 were carried out. The results are shown in FIG.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 貫通電極基板であって、
第1面及び前記第1面とは反対側に位置する第2面を含み、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る壁面を含む貫通孔が設けられている基板と、
前記貫通孔に位置し、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る貫通電極と、を備え、
前記貫通電極は、前記壁面上に位置するシード層であって、前記第1面から前記第2面に向かって前記壁面に沿って広がるシード層と、前記シード層を覆う第1部分と、前記貫通孔を横断する界面において前記第1部分に接する第2部分と、を備える、貫通電極基板。
第1面及び前記第1面とは反対側に位置する第2面を含み、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る壁面を含む貫通孔が設けられている基板を準備する工程と、
前記貫通孔に貫通電極を形成する貫通電極形成工程と、を備え、
前記貫通電極形成工程は、
前記壁面上に位置し、前記第1面から前記第2面に向かって前記壁面に沿って広がるシード層を形成する工程と、
前記シード層を覆う第1めっき部分を、第1めっき液を用いる第1めっき処理によって形成する工程と、
前記第1めっき部分に接する第2めっき部分を、第2めっき液を用いる第2めっき処理によって形成する工程と、を備え、
前記第2めっき部分は、前記貫通孔を横断する界面において前記第1めっき部分に接している、製造方法。
図1は、実装基板60の一例を示す断面図である。実装基板60は、貫通電極基板10及び素子61を備える。素子61は、ロジックICやメモリICなどのLSIチップであってもよい。素子61は、MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)チップであってもよい。MEMSチップとは、機械要素部品、センサ、アクチュエータ、電子回路などが1つの基板上に集積化された電子デバイスである。素子61は、貫通電極基板10に電気的に接続された端子62を備える。
図1に示す貫通電極基板10は、基板12、貫通電極22、第1配線25及びポストパッド41を備える。
基板12は、第1面13及び第2面14を含む。第2面14は、第1面13の反対側に位置する。図1に示すように、素子61は、第1面13上に位置していてもよい。図示はしないが、素子61は、第2面14上に位置していてもよい。
貫通電極22は、貫通孔20の内部に位置し、導電性を有する部材である。貫通電極22は、貫通孔20に充填されている。貫通電極22は、いわゆるフィルドビアである。
バリア層は、例えば、シード層31、第1部分23、第2部分24等に含まれる金属元素が基板12の内部に拡散することを抑制するために設けられる。バリア層は、例えば、チタン、チタン窒化物、モリブデン、モリブデン窒化物、タンタル、タンタル窒化物等、又はこれらを積層したものによって構成される。
密着層は、壁面21に対する貫通電極22の密着性を高めるために設けられる。密着層は、例えば、チタン、モリブデン、タングステン、タンタル、ニッケル、クロム、アルミニウム、これらの化合物、これらの合金など、又はこれらを積層したものによって構成される。
第1配線25は、貫通電極22に接続されている。第1配線25は、平面視において貫通孔20を覆わないよう構成されている。第1配線25は、面方向D2に延びている。第1配線25が貫通孔20を覆わないので、貫通孔20で生じるガスが第1面13において貫通孔20から排出されることができる。これにより、貫通孔20の内部の圧力が増加することを抑制できる。このため、貫通孔20の内部の圧力に起因して第1配線25が変形するという現象が生じることを抑制できる。
ポストパッド41は、例えば、厚み方向D1において第1配線25と素子61との間に位置している。ポストパッド41は、素子61の端子62に接続されていてもよい。
以下、貫通電極基板10の製造方法の一例について、図3乃至図9を参照して説明する。
まず、基板12を準備する。次に、第1面13又は第2面14の少なくともいずれかにレジスト層を設ける。その後、レジスト層のうち貫通孔20に対応する位置に開口を設ける。次に、レジスト層の開口において基板12を加工する。これにより、図3に示すように、基板12に貫通孔20を形成できる。基板12を加工する方法としては、ドライエッチング法、ウェットエッチング法などを用いることができる。ドライエッチング法は、反応性イオンエッチング法、深掘り反応性イオンエッチング法などである。
次に、図4に示すように、貫通孔20の壁面21にシード層31を形成する。シード層31は、蒸着法、スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法などの物理成膜法によって形成される。
続いて、第1面13に第1めっき液を供給する第1めっき処理を実施する。図5に示すように、電解めっきによって、シード層31を覆う第1めっき部分33が形成される。シード層31は、カソードとして機能する。図5において点線で示すように、第1面13上のシード層31と対向するようにアノード50が配置される。第1めっき部分33は、貫通孔20の内部だけでなく第1面13上にも形成される。
続いて、第2面14に第2めっき液を供給する第2めっき処理を実施する。図6Aに示すように、電解めっきによって第2めっき部分34が形成される。図6Bは、第2めっき部分34がさらに成長した状態を示す図である。図6A及び図6Bにおいて点線で示すように、第1めっき部分33の第4面332と対向するようにアノード50が配置される。このような配置は、めっき装置において基板12を反転させることによって実現されてもよい。
続いて、不要なめっき部分を除去する除去工程を実施してもよい。
例えば、図8に示すように、第1面13上に位置する第1めっき部分33を除去する第1除去工程を実施してもよい。第1除去工程は、化学機械研磨法によって第1面13上の第1めっき部分33を除去してもよい。第1除去工程は、第1面13上のシード層31を除去してもよい。第1除去工程によって、第1面13と同一面上に広がる第1端面221が得られてもよい。
例えば、図8に示すように、第2面14上に位置する第2めっき部分34を除去する第2除去工程を実施してもよい。第2除去工程は、化学機械研磨法によって第2面14上の第2めっき部分34を除去してもよい。第2除去工程によって、第2面14と同一面上に広がる第2端面222が得られてもよい。
続いて、図9に示すように、第1面13上に第1配線25を形成する第1配線形成工程を実施してもよい。第1配線25の形成方法は任意である。例えば、まず、スパッタリング法によって第1面13上に導電層を形成する。続いて、第1配線25に対応する導電層の部分の上にレジスト層を形成する。続いて、レジスト層によって覆われていない導電層の部分を、エッチングなどによって除去する。このようにして、導電層を含む第1配線25が第1面13上に形成される。
続いて、ポストパッド41を形成するポストパッド形成工程を実施してもよい。ポストパッド41の形成方法は任意である。例えば、第1配線25と同様に、スパッタリング、レジスト層の形成、及びエッチングを実施することにより、ポストパッド41が形成されてもよい。このようにして、図1に示す貫通電極基板10が得られる。
図10乃至図13を参照して、第1変形例に係る貫通電極基板10の製造方法を説明する。
図14乃至図16を参照して、第2変形例に係る貫通電極基板10の製造方法を説明する。
図17は、本開示の実施形態に係る貫通電極基板10が搭載されることができる製品の例を示す図である。本開示の実施形態に係る貫通電極基板10は、様々な製品において利用され得る。例えば、ノート型パーソナルコンピュータ110、タブレット端末120、携帯電話130、スマートフォン140、デジタルビデオカメラ150、デジタルカメラ160、デジタル時計170、サーバ180等に搭載される。
図3乃至図8に示す製造工程によって、図2に示す貫通電極基板10を作製した。
例1から変更した製造条件によって貫通電極基板10を作製した。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図18に示す。
貫通孔20の寸法R1及び寸法R2を20μmとしたこと以外は、例1の場合と同一の製造条件によって貫通電極基板10を作製した。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。
例19から変更した製造条件によって、20μmの寸法R1及び寸法R2を有する貫通孔20を含む貫通電極基板10を作製した。例20~例36の製造条件はそれぞれ、例2~例18の製造条件に対応している。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図19に示す。
8インチの直径及び250μmの厚みT0を有し、シリコンからなる基板12を準備した。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、基板12に多数の貫通電極22を形成した。貫通孔20は、平面視において円形の輪郭を有する。貫通孔20の寸法R1及び寸法R2は、30μmである。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、絶縁膜、Crからなる密着層、Cuからなるシード層31、Cuからなる第1めっき部分33及びCuからなる第2めっき部分34を形成する工程を実施することにより、貫通電極22を作製した。例37~例44においては、Cuからなるシード層31の、厚み方向D1における寸法T11が、図20に示す値になるように蒸着法の条件を調整した。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図20に示す。
8インチの直径及び600μmの厚みT0を有し、シリコンからなる基板12を準備した。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、基板12に多数の貫通電極22を形成した。貫通孔20は、平面視において円形の輪郭を有する。貫通孔20の寸法R1及び寸法R2は、90μmである。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、絶縁膜、Crからなる密着層、Cuからなるシード層31、Cuからなる第1めっき部分33及びCuからなる第2めっき部分34を形成する工程を実施することにより、貫通電極22を作製した。例45~例53においては、Cuからなるシード層31の、厚み方向D1における寸法T11が、図20に示す値になるように蒸着法の条件を調整した。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図20に示す。
8インチの直径及び400μmの厚みT0を有し、シリコンからなる基板12を準備した。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、基板12に多数の貫通電極22を形成した。貫通孔20は、平面視において円形の輪郭を有する。貫通孔20は、第1面13から第2面14に向かうにつれて増加する直径を有する。第1面13における貫通孔20の寸法R1は、50μmである。第2面14における貫通孔20の寸法R2は、90μmである。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、絶縁膜、Crからなる密着層、Cuからなるシード層31、Cuからなる第1めっき部分33及びCuからなる第2めっき部分34を形成する工程を実施することにより、貫通電極22を作製した。例54~例62においては、シード層31の厚みT12が図21に示す値になるように蒸着法の条件を調整した。厚みT12は、基板12の厚み方向におけるシード層31の中央の位置で規定される。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図21に示す。
8インチの直径及び600μmの厚みT0を有し、シリコンからなる基板12を準備した。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、基板12に多数の貫通電極22を形成した。貫通孔20は、平面視において円形の輪郭を有する。貫通孔20は、第1面13から第2面14に向かうにつれて増加する直径を有する。貫通孔20の寸法R1及び寸法R2は、100μmである。続いて、例1の場合と同様に、絶縁膜、Crからなる密着層、Cuからなるシード層31、Cuからなる第1めっき部分33及びCuからなる第2めっき部分34を形成する工程を実施することにより、貫通電極22を作製した。例63~例70においては、シード層31の厚みT12が図21に示す値になるように蒸着法の条件を調整した。厚みT12は、基板12の厚み方向におけるシード層31の中央の位置で規定される。また、例1の場合と同様に、第1めっき部分33の表面の平坦性の評価、及び、貫通電極22のボイドの確認を実施した。結果を図21に示す。
12 基板
13 第1面
14 第2面
20 貫通孔
21 壁面
22 貫通電極
23 第1部分
24 第2部分
25 第1配線
27 第1パッド
28 第2パッド
31 シード層
33 第1めっき部分
331 第3面
332 第4面
332a 窪み
34 第2めっき部分
35 第1レジスト層
36 第2レジスト層
37 第1無機層
38 第2無機層
41 ポストパッド
60 実装基板
61 素子
62 端子
Claims (21)
- 貫通電極基板であって、
第1面及び前記第1面とは反対側に位置する第2面を含み、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る壁面を含む貫通孔が設けられている基板と、
前記貫通孔に位置し、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る貫通電極と、を備え、
前記貫通電極は、前記壁面上に位置するシード層であって、前記第1面から前記第2面に向かって前記壁面に沿って広がるシード層と、前記シード層を覆う第1部分と、前記貫通孔を横断する界面において前記第1部分に接する第2部分と、を備える、貫通電極基板。 - 前記基板の厚み方向において、前記第1部分の寸法が、前記第2部分の寸法よりも小さい、請求項1に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記基板の厚みT0に対する、前記基板の厚み方向における前記シード層の寸法T11の比率であるT11/T0が、0.025以上0.275以下である、請求項1に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記界面は、前記第1面に向かう窪みを含む、請求項1に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1面における前記貫通孔の寸法R1に対する、前記基板の厚みT0の比率であるT0/R1が、3.0以上25.0以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記シード層の厚みが、5nm以上50nm以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1部分が、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第2部分が、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 平面視において前記貫通孔を覆うよう前記第1面に位置し、前記第1部分に接続されている第1パッドを備える、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1パッドが、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項9に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1パッドが、前記第1部分と一体的に構成されている、請求項9に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1パッドが、平面視において前記貫通孔を覆っている、請求項9に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1面に位置し、面方向において前記第1パッドに隣接し、無機絶縁材料を含む第1無機層を備える、請求項9に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1面に位置し、前記第1部分に接続されている第1配線を備える、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1配線が、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項14に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 前記第1配線が、前記第1部分と一体的に構成されている、請求項14に記載の貫通電極基板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の貫通電極基板と、
前記貫通電極基板の前記貫通電極に電気的に接続された素子と、を備える、実装基板。 - 前記素子が、量子ビットを含む量子チップを備える、請求項17に記載の実装基板。
- 貫通電極基板の製造方法であって、
第1面及び前記第1面とは反対側に位置する第2面を含み、前記第1面から前記第2面に至る壁面を含む貫通孔が設けられている基板を準備する工程と、
前記貫通孔に貫通電極を形成する貫通電極形成工程と、を備え、
前記貫通電極形成工程は、
前記壁面上に位置し、前記第1面から前記第2面に向かって前記壁面に沿って広がるシード層を形成する工程と、
前記シード層を覆う第1めっき部分を、第1めっき液を用いる第1めっき処理によって形成する工程と、
前記第1めっき部分に接する第2めっき部分を、第2めっき液を用いる第2めっき処理によって形成する工程と、を備え、
前記第2めっき部分は、前記貫通孔を横断する界面において前記第1めっき部分に接している、製造方法。 - 前記第1めっき液は、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項19に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第2めっき液は、Nb、Pb、Ta、Sn、In及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む超伝導材料を備える、請求項19又は20に記載の製造方法。
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JP2007103698A (ja) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Fujikura Ltd | 配線基板 |
JP2009238957A (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 基板へのビアの形成方法 |
JP2015133457A (ja) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 配線基板およびその製造方法 |
JP2016072449A (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-09 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 導電材充填貫通電極基板及びその製造方法 |
JP2017098402A (ja) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 貫通電極基板及びその製造方法 |
WO2018092480A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 貫通電極基板、貫通電極基板を用いた半導体装置、および貫通電極基板の製造方法 |
JP2020061554A (ja) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-04-16 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | 超伝導複合量子計算回路 |
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JP2007103698A (ja) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Fujikura Ltd | 配線基板 |
JP2009238957A (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 基板へのビアの形成方法 |
JP2015133457A (ja) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 配線基板およびその製造方法 |
JP2016072449A (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-09 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 導電材充填貫通電極基板及びその製造方法 |
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WO2018092480A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 貫通電極基板、貫通電極基板を用いた半導体装置、および貫通電極基板の製造方法 |
JP2020061554A (ja) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-04-16 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | 超伝導複合量子計算回路 |
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