WO2023075362A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023075362A1 WO2023075362A1 PCT/KR2022/016347 KR2022016347W WO2023075362A1 WO 2023075362 A1 WO2023075362 A1 WO 2023075362A1 KR 2022016347 W KR2022016347 W KR 2022016347W WO 2023075362 A1 WO2023075362 A1 WO 2023075362A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium
- aqueous electrolyte
- additive
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxepan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCO1 VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AEKVBBNGWBBYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorobenzonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 AEKVBBNGWBBYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLXMOOWASHTDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCOS(=O)(=O)O1 KLXMOOWASHTDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NKUCLZQUSAKGSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(C(=O)O)(F)F.FC(C(=O)OCC)F Chemical compound C(C)C(C(=O)O)(F)F.FC(C(=O)OCC)F NKUCLZQUSAKGSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101500011076 Diploptera punctata Allatostatin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDRUGIUTLFHQSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(CCC(=O)O)F.C(C)(=O)OCC(F)F Chemical compound FC(CCC(=O)O)F.C(C)(=O)OCC(F)F XDRUGIUTLFHQSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004403 Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002999 Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003289 NiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008859 Sn—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TCEP Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(CCC(O)=O)CCC(O)=O PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021479 dubnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TUQRJUNPNIYMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-disulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)CCS(F)(=O)=O TUQRJUNPNIYMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZURBXAODXJUMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F ZURBXAODXJUMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBOFMRQAMAZKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DBOFMRQAMAZKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSRZMXNNQTWAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F PSRZMXNNQTWAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC(C#N)CCC#N LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AUUBCQYRIBDKHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-ynyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC#C AUUBCQYRIBDKHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- Lithium secondary batteries are applicable to various fields such as mobile devices, electronic products, electric vehicles, etc. as they can be miniaturized and have high energy density and operating voltage.
- a lithium secondary battery forms an electrode assembly by interposing a separator between a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material made of a transition metal oxide containing lithium and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of storing lithium ions, and the electrode It is manufactured by inserting the assembly into a battery case, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte that serves as a medium for delivering lithium ions, and then sealing it.
- propylene carbonate As the organic solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte, propylene carbonate has been mainly used, but recently ethylene carbonate has been widely used to solve the problem that propylene carbonate can cause an irreversible decomposition reaction with graphite materials.
- ethylene carbonate has a high melting point, which limits its use temperature, and has another problem that can lead to significant degradation in battery performance at low temperatures. Therefore, it is required to develop an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery capable of stably driving in various environments by supplementing these problems.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, which contribute to improving rapid charging performance and low-temperature output characteristics by including a specific additive combination.
- the present invention provides a plurality of the present invention.
- a first additive that is a compound represented by Formula 1 below;
- a second additive that is a compound represented by Formula 2 below.
- non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery including a third additive selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate.
- R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 1 or 2;
- the present invention provides a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; a separator interposed between the anode and cathode; And it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery by including the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery with excellent capacity retention rate under rapid charging and low temperature conditions.
- non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries include ethylene carbonate as an organic solvent, which has excellent affinity with carbon materials, but ethylene carbonate has a high melting point and thus has a problem in that output characteristics are deteriorated in a low-temperature environment.
- the present inventors have found a combination of additives for non-aqueous electrolyte solutions that can solve the above problems. Specifically, the effect of forming a film having a lower resistance than the conventional non-aqueous electrolyte by modifying the film component of the electrode of the compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the resistance through modification of the film component of the electrode of the compound represented by Formula 2 below
- the resistance improvement and durability improvement effect of the film component are further improved, lithium It was confirmed that the rapid charge lifespan can be effectively improved through the effect of making the movement of ions easier and at the same time reducing lithium precipitation during rapid charging.
- the present invention is an organic solvent; lithium salt; And it provides a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery comprising the following first to third additives.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention includes a first additive which is a compound represented by Formula 1 below.
- R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R1 of Chemical Formula 1 may be a methyl group. That is, the first additive may be a compound represented by Formula 1A below.
- the content of the first additive is 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3% to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. % to 2% by weight.
- the content of the first additive is 0.1% by weight or more, it is preferable because it can produce an effect that contributes to the formation of an electrode film, and when it is 5% by weight or less, aging characteristics and gas generation due to side reactions can be controlled preferred in terms of
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention includes a second additive which is a compound represented by Formula 2 below.
- n is an integer of 1 or 2;
- n in Chemical Formula 2 may be 1. That is, the second additive may be 1,3-propane sultone (PS).
- the content of the second additive is 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3% to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. % to 2% by weight.
- the content of the second additive is 0.1% by weight or more, it is preferable because it can produce the effect of forming a film on the electrode, and when it is 5% by weight or less, it is preferable in that there is no concern about performance degradation due to resistance increase.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes at least one third additive selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC) and vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), and preferably includes vinylene carbonate.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- VEC vinylethylene carbonate
- the content of the third additive is 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 4% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte. % to 3% by weight.
- the content of the third additive is 0.1% by weight or more, it is preferable because it can form an effect of forming a film protecting the negative electrode, and when it is 5% by weight or less, it is preferable in that there is no concern about performance degradation due to resistance increase. .
- the weight ratio of the third additive to the first additive may be greater than 1, specifically, the weight ratio between the first additive and the third additive is greater than 1: 1 and less than 1: 10, More specifically, it may be more than 1:1 and 1:5 or less.
- the content of the third additive is greater than that of the first additive, it is advantageous for strengthening the durability of the anode, but it is preferable that the content of the third additive is 10 times or less in terms of preventing resistance increase while optimally obtaining the effects of the two additives.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may further include a fourth additive that is an imidazole-based compound.
- the fourth additive may be propargyl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate.
- the fourth additive can improve the durability of the film when used together with the first to third additives because it can have the effect of modifying the film components of the electrode and inhibiting lithium precipitation due to the structure capable of stabilizing the bulk properties of the electrolyte and forming an electrode film. This is preferable in that lithium precipitation can be suppressed.
- the content of the fourth additive is 0.01% to 3% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. % to 1% by weight.
- the content of the fourth additive is 0.01% by weight or more, it is preferable because it can produce the effect of forming a film on the negative electrode, and when it is 3% by weight or less, it is preferable in that there is no concern about performance degradation due to resistance increase.
- the weight ratio of the first additive to the fourth additive may be greater than 1, specifically, the weight ratio between the fourth additive and the first additive is greater than 1: 1 and less than 1: 10, More specifically, it may be more than 1:2 and 1:5 or less. It is preferable that the content of the first additive is greater than that of the fourth additive in that a film with lower resistance can be formed on the electrode, but the content of the first additive is 10 times or less to optimally obtain the effects of the two additives while controlling side reactions and gas generation. It is desirable in terms of being able to do it.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte may further include a fifth additive of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
- the fifth additive may have an effect of stabilizing the bulk physical properties of the electrolyte, it is preferable in that the stability of the additive according to aging may be improved when used together with the first to third additives.
- the content of the fifth additive is 0.01% to 3% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. % to 1% by weight.
- the content of the fifth additive is 0.01% by weight or more, it is preferable because it can stabilize the bulk properties of the electrolyte, and when it is 3% by weight or less, it is preferable in that it does not affect oxidation stability.
- the weight ratio of the first additive to the fifth additive may be greater than 1, specifically, the weight ratio between the fifth additive and the first additive is greater than 1:1 and less than 1:20, More specifically, it may be greater than 1:2 and less than 1:10. It is preferable that the content of the first additive is greater than that of the fifth additive in terms of stably forming a film.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte prevents the electrolyte from decomposing in a high voltage environment and causes electrode collapse, or has low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, and an effect of suppressing battery expansion at high temperatures.
- the following sixth additives may be optionally further included as needed.
- the sixth additive is selected from among carbonate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, phosphate-based or phosphite-based compounds, nitrile-based compounds, amine-based compounds, silane-based compounds, benzene-based compounds, lithium salt-based compounds, and ether-based compounds. It may be one or more.
- the carbonate-based compound may be at least one selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and methyl prop-2-ynyl carbonate.
- the sultone-based compound is a material capable of forming a stable SEI film by a reduction reaction on the surface of the cathode, ethensultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone and 1-methyl-1,3 - It may be one or more compounds selected from propene sultone.
- the sulfate-based compound is a material capable of forming a stable SEI film that is electrically decomposed on the surface of the anode and does not crack even when stored at high temperature, and is ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl tree It may be at least one selected from methylene sulfate (Methyltrimethylene sulfate; MTMS).
- the phosphate or phosphite-based compound is lithium difluoro (bisoxalato) phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tris (trimethyl silyl) phosphate, tris (trimethyl silyl) phosphite, tris (2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)phosphate and tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite.
- the nitrile-based compound is succinonitrile (SN), adiponitrile (ADN), acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile , 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) ether (ASA3), 1,3,6-hexane tricarbonitrile (HTCN), 1,4-dicyano 2-butene (DCB) and 1,2,3-tris(2-cyano It may be at least one selected from ethyl) propane (TCEP).
- SN succinonitrile
- ADN adiponitrile
- the amine-based compound may be at least one selected from triethanolamine and ethylenediamine, and the silane-based compound may be tetravinylsilane.
- the benzene-based compound may be at least one selected from fluorobenzene (FB), difluorobenzene, trifluorobenzene, tetrafluorobenzene, and hexafluorobenzene.
- FB fluorobenzene
- difluorobenzene difluorobenzene
- trifluorobenzene trifluorobenzene
- tetrafluorobenzene hexafluorobenzene
- the lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt included in the electrolyte, and includes lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP; LiPO 2 F 2 ), lithium bisoxalate borate (LiBOB; LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ), lithium 1 selected from tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), lithium tetraphenylborate and lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate (LiDFOP) It may be a compound of more than one species.
- LiDFP lithium difluorophosphate
- LiPO 2 F 2 lithium bisoxalate borate
- LiBOB LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- LiDFOP lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphat
- the ether-based compound is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2trifluoroethylether), bis (tri Fluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane (Bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane) and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether It may be at least one selected from (1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylether).
- the content of the sixth additive may be 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the content of the sixth additive is within the above range, there is an effect of inhibiting side reactions through film formation on the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent various organic solvents commonly used in lithium electrolytes may be used without limitation.
- the organic solvent may be a cyclic carbonate-based solvent, a linear carbonate-based solvent, a linear ester-based solvent, a cyclic ester-based solvent, a nitrile-based solvent, a fluorine-based solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the organic solvent may be a mixture of a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a linear carbonate-based solvent, and in this case, an electrolyte solution having high ionic conductivity may be prepared.
- the cyclic carbonate-based solvent is a high-viscosity organic solvent and has an advantage of being able to dissociate the lithium salt in the electrolyte well due to its high dielectric constant, and is ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2, It may be at least one selected from 3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, preferably ethylene carbonate (EC).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- 1,2-butylene carbonate 2 It may be at least one selected from 3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, preferably ethylene carbonate (EC).
- the linear carbonate-based solvent is an organic solvent having a low viscosity and low dielectric constant, and includes dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl It may be at least one of propyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate, preferably dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the linear ester solvent may be at least one selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP) and butyl propionate, preferably Preferably it may be ethyl propionate, propyl propionate or a mixture thereof.
- the cyclic ester-based solvent may be at least one selected from ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the nitrile solvent is succinonitrile, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4- It may be at least one selected from fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, preferably succinonitrile can be
- the fluorine-based solvent is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl Ether) , 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane (2,2-Bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2 ,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, Trifluoroethyl phosphate, Trifluoroethyl phosphite , Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate, 1,2-ethanedisulfonyl difluoride, ethyl trifluoroacetate trifluoroacetate), ethyl pentafluoropropanoate
- the rest may be all organic solvents unless otherwise specified.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt includes Li + as a cation and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , and NO as an anion 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , B 10 Cl 10 - , AlCl 4 - , AlO 4 - , PF 6 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , AsF 6 - , SbF 6 - , CH 3 SO 3 - , (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , BF 2 C 2 O 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - , BF 2 C 2 O 4 CHF-, PF 4 C 2 O 4 - , PF 4 C 2 O 4 - , PF
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 (LiFSI), LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 (LiTFSI), lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (Lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, LiBETI), LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiPO 2 F 2 , Lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), Lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODFB), lithium difluoro(bisoxalato) phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium tetrafluoro(oxalate) phosphate (LiTFOP), And lithium fluoromalonato (difluoro) borate (Lithium fluoromalonato (difluoro) borate
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous organic solution containing the lithium salt and the organic solvent is 0.5M to 5.0M, specifically 0.5M to 3.0M, more specifically 0.8M to 2.0M can
- concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above range, it is possible to obtain an electrolyte solution having appropriate impregnability by preventing excessive increase in viscosity and surface tension while sufficiently securing effects of improving low-temperature output and cycle characteristics.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention.
- a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material
- a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material, and may be prepared by coating a positive electrode slurry including a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the positive current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and is, for example, stainless steel; aluminum; nickel; titanium; calcined carbon; Alternatively, aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used.
- the cathode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, but examples thereof include lithium cobalt-based oxide, lithium nickel-based oxide, lithium nickel-cobalt-based oxide, lithium manganese-based oxide, It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium nickel manganese-based oxide, lithium phosphate-based oxide and lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide.
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium cobalt-based oxide such as LiCoO 2 (LCO); lithium nickel-based oxides such as LiNiO 2 (LNO); lithium nickel cobalt-based oxides such as LiNi 1-y4 Co y4 O 2 (0 ⁇ y4 ⁇ 1); lithium manganese-based oxides such as LiMnO 2 (LMO), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 and Li 2 MnO 3 ; and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lithium nickel manganese oxides such as Li 2 NiMn 3 O 8 ; lithium phosphate-based oxides such as LiFePO 4 and LiCoPO 4 ; And it may include at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxides represented by the following formula (3), and preferably include lithium nickel cobalt-manganese-based oxides represented by the following formula (3).
- M is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B and Mo At least one selected from the group consisting of
- the 1+x indicates a molar ratio of lithium in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, and may be -0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2 or 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2.
- the crystal structure of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide may be stably formed.
- the a represents the molar ratio of nickel among all metals except for lithium in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, and may be 0.60 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0.70 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, or 0.80 ⁇ a ⁇ 1. When the molar ratio of nickel satisfies the above range, high energy density is exhibited and high capacity can be realized.
- the b represents the molar ratio of cobalt among all metals except lithium in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.30, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.20, or 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.10. When the molar ratio of cobalt satisfies the above range, good resistance characteristics and output characteristics may be implemented.
- the c represents the molar ratio of manganese among all metals except lithium in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.30, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.20, or 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.10.
- the positive electrode active material exhibits excellent structural stability.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd , Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, may include one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of B and Mo, preferably Al as the doping element.
- d representing the molar ratio of the doping element among all metals except lithium in the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.08, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, or 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.03.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide is Li(Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Co 0.15 Mn 0.15 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 )O 2 and Li( Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.04 Al 0.01 ) O 2 It may be at least one selected from.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide may have a nickel content of 85 mol% or more of the total transition metal content. That is, it may be an ultra-high nickel material having 0.85 ⁇ a ⁇ 1 in Chemical Formula 3.
- b, c, and d may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, and 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.03, respectively.
- the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 80 wt% to 99 wt%, specifically 90 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid content in the cathode slurry. In this case, when the content of the cathode active material is 80% by weight or less, the energy density may be lowered and the capacity may be lowered.
- the binder is a component that assists in the binding of the active material and the conductive material and the current collector, and may be typically added in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode slurry.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene , polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof.
- the conductive material is a material that imparts conductivity to the battery without causing chemical change, and may be added in an amount of 0.5% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the solid content in the positive electrode slurry.
- the conductive material examples include carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black; graphite powders such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; conductive powders such as fluorocarbon powder, aluminum powder, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
- carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black
- graphite powders such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphite
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- conductive powders such as fluorocarbon powder, aluminum powder, and nickel powder
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- conductive materials such as
- the solvent of the positive electrode slurry may include an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that provides a desired viscosity when the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive material are included.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the solids concentration in the positive electrode slurry including the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material may be 40% to 90% by weight, preferably 40% to 60% by weight.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention includes a negative electrode active material, and may be prepared by coating a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention includes a negative electrode active material, and may be prepared by coating a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the anode current collector generally has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has high conductivity, and examples thereof include copper; stainless steel; aluminum; nickel; titanium; calcined carbon; What surface-treated the surface of copper or stainless steel with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.; Alternatively, an aluminum-cadmium alloy or the like may be used.
- fine irregularities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous bodies, foams, and nonwoven fabrics.
- the anode active material may include a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions; metals or alloys of these metals with lithium; metal composite oxides; materials capable of doping and undoping lithium; lithium metal; and transition metal oxides.
- any carbon-based negative electrode active material commonly used in lithium ion secondary batteries may be used without particular limitation, and typical examples thereof include crystalline carbon, Amorphous carbon or a combination thereof may be used.
- the crystalline carbon include amorphous, platy, flake, spherical or fibrous natural graphite; artificial graphite; double layer graphite; or graphite, such as a mixture thereof, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon), hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, and the like.
- Examples of the above metals or alloys of these metals and lithium include Cu, Ni, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al And a metal selected from the group consisting of Sn or an alloy of these metals and lithium may be used.
- metal composite oxide examples include PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 , Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, Groups 1, 2, and 3 elements of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8) One or more selected from may be used.
- Materials capable of doping and undoping the lithium include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Si—Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, It is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn—Y (Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, and a rare earth element). It is an element selected from the group consisting of elements and combinations thereof, but not Sn), and the like, and at least one of these and SiO 2 may be mixed and used.
- the element Y is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db (dubnium), Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh , Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S , Se, Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- transition metal oxide examples include lithium-containing titanium composite oxide (LTO), vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide.
- the negative electrode active material is a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite (blend); Alternatively, double layer graphite may be included. In this case, there is an advantage of improving the performance while reducing the cost of the battery.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the negative electrode slurry.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and may be typically added in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the negative electrode slurry.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene , polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof.
- the conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 0.5% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the negative electrode slurry.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; graphite powders such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; conductive powders such as fluorocarbon powder, aluminum powder, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
- the solvent of the anode slurry is water; Alternatively, it may include an organic solvent such as NMP and alcohol, and may be used in an amount that provides a desired viscosity when the negative electrode active material, binder, and conductive material are included.
- the slurry including the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material may have a solid concentration of 30 wt% to 80 wt%, preferably 40 wt% to 70 wt%.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for the movement of lithium ions.
- it can be used without particular limitation. It is desirable that it is excellent and has excellent safety.
- a porous polymer film as a separator for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer. ;
- a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof may be used.
- conventional porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be used in a single layer or multilayer structure.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention as described above is a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a portable device such as a digital camera; And it can be usefully used in the electric vehicle field, such as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack may include a power tool; electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); and a power storage system.
- electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
- PHEVs plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- the appearance of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a cylindrical shape using a can, a prismatic shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can be used not only as a battery cell used as a power source for a small device, but also can be preferably used as a unit cell in a medium or large battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 was dissolved to a concentration of 1.0 M to prepare a non-aqueous organic solution.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- VC vinylene carbonate
- 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate 0.3 wt%
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to a 15 ⁇ m-thick aluminum (Al) thin film, which is a positive electrode current collector, and dried, and then a roll press was performed to prepare a positive electrode.
- An anode slurry (graphite blended with artificial graphite and natural graphite at a weight ratio of 3:7), a binder (SBR-CMC), and a conductive material (carbon black) is added to water as a solvent at a weight ratio of 98:1:1. Solid content: 60wt%) was prepared.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to a 6 ⁇ m thick copper (Cu) thin film as a negative electrode current collector, dried, and then roll pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was prepared by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the polyolefin-based porous separator coated with inorganic particles (Al 2 O 3 ), and the negative electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by accommodating the assembled electrode assembly in a pouch-type battery case and injecting the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that propargyl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate was not added when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.1 wt% of N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide was added as a fifth additive when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that 0.1 wt% of N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide was added as a fifth additive when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound represented by Formula 1A was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1,3-propane sultone (PS) was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that vinylene carbonate (VC) was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the compound represented by Formula 1A was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that 1,3-propane sultone (PS) was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that vinylene carbonate (VC) was not included when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the end condition was set with the voltage value for each section obtained in each section, and the charge amount when charged in the CC mode was recorded. Then, in CC mode, it was discharged at 0.5C to SOC 3%.
- the initial capacity which is the discharge capacity of the first cycle, was measured at room temperature (25 ° C) by making the charging and discharging process one cycle, and after 100 cycles at 45 ° C, the “discharge” capacity was measured. Based on the measured values, the capacity retention rate after rapid charging was calculated using Equation 1 below, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- R ct charge transfer resistance
- EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- the R ct value of each battery compared to the R ct value measured in the battery of Comparative Example 1 was calculated according to Equation 2 below, and then listed in Table 2 below.
- Resistance change rate (%) (R ct of the battery - R ct of the battery of Comparative Example 1 ) / (R ct of the battery of Comparative Example 1 ) ⁇ 100
- the lithium secondary battery prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples was charged at 25° C. at a rate of 0.2C up to 4.2V under constant current/constant voltage conditions, then 0.05C current cut was performed, and discharged at a rate of 0.2C up to 2.5V under constant current conditions.
- the discharge capacity after processing was set as the initial discharge capacity.
- Discharge output (%) (Capacity measured after rapid discharge/Initial discharge capacity) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 high temperature fast charging evaluation
- Experimental Example 2 room temperature resistance evaluation
- Experimental Example 3 Low temperature rapid discharge evaluation
- Capacity retention rate (%) SOC 0% SOC 50% discharge output (%)
- Example 1 1st to 4th 89 -38% -19%
- Example 2 1st to 3rd 85 -46% -24%
- Example 3 1st to 5th 92 -39% -19%
- Example 4 1st - 3rd, 5th 87 -45% -25%
- Comparative Example 2 1st, 3rd, 4th 72 -7% -4%
- Comparative Example 3 1st, 2nd, 4th 69 -13% -6%
- Comparative Example 4 2nd, 3rd 62 unmeasured -8%
- Comparative Example 5 1st, 3rd 68 unmeasured -12%
- Comparative Example 6 1st, 2nd 66 unmeasured -10% 55
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution except for the first additive, the second additive, and the third additive was used under the same conditions as in Example 1, and in the case of Comparative Examples 4 to 6, the same as in Example 2 was used. Since only the first additive, the second additive, and the third additive were excluded from the conditions, the effects of the present invention were compared by comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6, respectively. It can be seen that it is essential to include all of the first to third additives in order to achieve.
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Abstract
Description
충전 시간(sec) | C-rate(C) | |
SOC 3%~61% | 880 | 2.5 |
SOC 62%~78% | 620 | 1 |
전해액 첨가제 | 실험예 1 (고온 급속 충전 평가) |
실험예 2 (상온 저항 평가) |
실험예 3 (저온 급속 방전 평가) |
||
용량 유지율(%) | SOC 0% | SOC 50% | 방전 출력(%) | ||
실시예1 | 제1~제4 | 89 | -38% | -19% | 72 |
실시예2 | 제1~제3 | 85 | -46% | -24% | 84 |
실시예3 | 제1~제5 | 92 | -39% | -19% | 75 |
실시예4 | 제1~제3, 제5 | 87 | -45% | -25% | 86 |
비교예1 | 제2~제4 | 65 | 기준 | 기준 | 49 |
비교예2 | 제1, 제3, 제4 | 72 | -7% | -4% | 54 |
비교예3 | 제1, 제2, 제4 | 69 | -13% | -6% | 58 |
비교예4 | 제2, 제3 | 62 | 미측정 | -8% | 44 |
비교예5 | 제1, 제3 | 68 | 미측정 | -12% | 56 |
비교예6 | 제1, 제2 | 66 | 미측정 | -10% | 55 |
Claims (15)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 화학식 1의 R1은 메틸기인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 화학식 2의 n은 1인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 첨가제의 함량은 상기 비수 전해액 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 중량% 내지 5 중량%인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 첨가제의 함량은 상기 비수 전해액 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 중량% 내지 5 중량%인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 첨가제에 대한 상기 제3 첨가제의 중량비가 1 초과인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,이미다졸계 화합물인 제4 첨가제를 더 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제4 첨가제는 프로파길 1H-이미다졸-1-카르복실레이트인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제4 첨가제에 대한 상기 제1 첨가제의 중량비가 1 초과인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,N,N'-다이사이클로헥실 카보다이이미드인 제5 첨가제를 더 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 유기용매는 환형 카보네이트계 용매 및 선형 카보네이트계 용매의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액.
- 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막; 및청구항 1의 비수 전해액을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 리튬 코발트계 복합 산화물, 리튬 니켈계 복합 산화물, 리튬 니켈 코발트계 복합 산화물, 리튬 망간계 복합 산화물, 리튬 니켈 망간계 복합 산화물, 리튬 인산철계 복합 산화물 및 리튬 니켈 코발트 망간계 복합 산화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 하기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 코발트 망간계 산화물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지:[화학식 3]Li1+x(NiaCobMncMd)O2상기 화학식 3에서,M은 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상이고,1+x, a, b, c 및 d는 각각 독립적인 원소들의 원자분율로서,-0.2≤x≤0.2, 0.50≤a<1, 0<b≤0.40, 0<c≤0.40, 0≤d≤0.1, a+b+c+d=1이다.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 천연 흑연과 인조 흑연의 혼합물; 또는 이중층 흑연을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
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CN202280064301.3A CN118044033A (zh) | 2021-10-26 | 2022-10-25 | 锂二次电池用非水性电解质溶液及包含其的锂二次电池 |
JP2024519911A JP2024536292A (ja) | 2021-10-26 | 2022-10-25 | リチウム二次電池用非水電解液およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
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