WO2023075298A1 - 이차전지의 활성화 방법 - Google Patents
이차전지의 활성화 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023075298A1 WO2023075298A1 PCT/KR2022/016102 KR2022016102W WO2023075298A1 WO 2023075298 A1 WO2023075298 A1 WO 2023075298A1 KR 2022016102 W KR2022016102 W KR 2022016102W WO 2023075298 A1 WO2023075298 A1 WO 2023075298A1
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- soc
- charging
- activating
- temperature aging
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for activating a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a method for discharging gas inside a secondary battery during an activation process of the secondary battery.
- a secondary battery means a battery that can be charged and discharged, unlike a primary battery that cannot be charged, and is widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, computers, and camcorders, or electric vehicles.
- the lithium secondary battery since the lithium secondary battery has a higher capacity than a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery and has a high energy density per unit weight, the degree of utilization thereof is rapidly increasing.
- lithium secondary batteries mainly use a lithium-based oxide and a carbon material as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material, respectively.
- a lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate coated with such a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are disposed with a separator interposed therebetween, and an exterior material for sealing and housing the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte solution.
- lithium secondary batteries can be classified into can-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a metal can and pouch-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch of an aluminum laminate sheet, depending on the shape of the battery case.
- a secondary battery is generally manufactured through a process in which an electrolyte in a liquid state, that is, an electrolyte solution is injected in a state where an electrode assembly is housed in a battery case, and the battery case is sealed.
- Such a secondary battery performs an activation process of charging and discharging before shipment.
- the conventional activation process generally proceeds in the order of pre-aging, primary charging, main aging, and defect inspection.
- the gas remaining inside the electrode assembly causes a gas trap phenomenon to improve the uniformity of the electrode. This falls, and a high withstand voltage is generated inside the battery.
- a non-uniform charging phenomenon occurs, and eventually causes a decrease in performance of the battery.
- This problem occurs severely in cylindrical or prismatic batteries in which application of a process for removing residual gas is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a secondary battery activation technology that improves battery efficiency by discharging gas into the secondary battery by improving the charging method in the activation step of the conventional secondary battery manufacturing process.
- the present invention relates to a method for activating a secondary battery, and provides a method for initial charging to an appropriate SOC range and controlling high-temperature aging conditions to efficiently remove gas remaining inside the secondary battery to secure maximum capacity of the secondary battery. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new method for activating a secondary battery that can do this.
- a method for activating a secondary battery includes an initial charging step of charging a manufactured secondary battery; and a degassing step of discharging gas from the charged secondary battery, wherein the degassing step further includes a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50° C. to 80° C., and the SOC charged in the initial charging step,
- the execution time of the high-temperature aging process of the degassing step is 98% of the maximum temperature of the secondary battery. temperature rise time to reach; and a holding time for maintaining 98% to 100% of the maximum temperature of the secondary battery.
- the initial charge SOC range is 1% to 15%.
- the discharge capacity is evaluated by discharging to SOC of 20% or less after full charge.
- the degassing step further includes a room temperature aging process after the high temperature aging process, wherein the room temperature aging process is waited for 0.5 to 72 hours.
- the degassing step further includes a process of charging the battery to an SOC of 60% to 70% after a high-temperature aging process.
- the method for activating a secondary battery according to the present invention further includes charging the secondary battery to an SOC of 70% or more after the degassing step.
- the method for activating a secondary battery according to the present invention further includes discharging the secondary battery to an SOC of 20% or less after charging the secondary battery to a SOC of 70% or more.
- the secondary battery before the initial charging step of charging the assembled secondary battery, the secondary battery is maintained at an SOC of 0% or more and less than 1%.
- the method of activating a secondary battery according to the present invention includes a process of forming a solid electrode interface (SEI) film on all or part of the negative electrode surface of the electrode assembly before the degassing step.
- SEI solid electrode interface
- the secondary battery has a structure in which an electrode assembly and an electrolyte are stored in a battery case, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt.
- the secondary battery is any one of a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, or a pouch shape.
- a method for selecting an optimal SOC range during initial charging of a secondary battery is provided, and when this method is applied, a passage for discharging gas generated inside an electrode assembly due to initial charging can be properly secured.
- the secondary battery to which this method is applied eliminates the gas trap phenomenon in the electrode assembly. charging uniformity is improved, and as a result, usable capacity is increased, and the battery failure rate can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluating the discharge capacity according to the high-temperature aging time after initial charging for a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and initially charged under an SOC of 7%.
- FIG. 3 shows the temperature change over time in the process of charging a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm, respectively.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of evaluating the discharge capacity according to the initial charging SOC and the high-temperature aging time of a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm.
- the present invention performs a degassing step including a high-temperature aging process after charging to a low SOC (State of Charge) level among secondary battery activation methods, selecting an appropriate SOC range, and performing the high-temperature aging process
- SOC state of Charge
- SOC 0% means the secondary battery capacity is exhausted
- SOC 100% means the secondary battery capacity is filled to the maximum.
- the SOC may be measured by selecting one or more of known measurement methods such as a chemical measurement method, a voltage measurement method, a current integration method, and a pressure measurement method.
- the present invention provides a method for activating a secondary battery.
- a method for activating a secondary battery according to the present invention includes an initial charging step of charging the manufactured secondary battery; and a degassing step of discharging gas from the charged secondary battery.
- the degassing step may further include a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 80 °C.
- degassing is performed by performing a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50 ° C to 80 ° C for 3 to 5 hours for one or more types of secondary batteries having different initial charging SOCs, respectively,
- the discharge capacity of the gassed result is evaluated, and the SOC when the discharge capacity is the largest can be regarded as the SOC charged in the initial charging stage.
- an activation process is necessarily performed to activate the positive electrode active material and generate a solid electrode interface (SEI) film on the negative electrode during the first cycle.
- SEI solid electrode interface
- a large amount of gas is generated inside the secondary battery. If the gas generated inside the secondary battery is not efficiently removed, the gas stays in a certain space inside the secondary battery, causing a gas trap phenomenon, resulting in high internal pressure.
- the internal pressure causes structural deformation of the secondary battery, and adversely affects battery performance and lifespan, such as usable capacity and output.
- gas is generated inside the electrode assembly of the secondary battery, and in order to properly discharge the gas, the gas generated by aging at a high temperature for a predetermined time is discharged to the outside of the electrode assembly to form a gas trap phenomenon can be prevented.
- an appropriate SOC should be selected in consideration of the size of the secondary battery.
- the inventors of the present invention applied an appropriate initial charging SOC required for the activation process of the secondary battery, and effectively discharged gas in the case of a secondary battery aged under appropriate conditions required to perform high-temperature aging, which is one of the degassing steps. , the maximum discharge capacity was confirmed, and the effect of improving the electrochemical activity of the battery was confirmed, leading to the present invention.
- the initial charging step of charging the manufactured secondary battery is a step of primary charging with a predetermined SOC.
- a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50 ° C to 80 ° C is performed for 3 to 5 hours for one or more types of secondary batteries having different initial charging SOCs, degassing, , the discharge capacity is evaluated for the result, and the SOC when the discharge capacity is the largest is selected as the initial charge SOC.
- the range of the initial charge SOC may be 1% to 15%. Specifically, the range of the initial charge SOC is 3% to 12%, or 5% to 10%. If the initial charging SOC range is too small, gas generation may not be sufficient as described above, and thus gas may be generated again in a subsequent charging step. Conversely, if the initial charging SOC range is too high, the thickness of the electrode is excessively expanded, resulting in a problem in that a gas discharge passage inside the secondary battery cannot be easily secured.
- the initial charging step may be performed in a constant current (CC) mode.
- the intensity of the charging current at the time of initial charging may be appropriately controlled within the range of 0.05 C to 1 C in consideration of the time required for the manufacturing process and the securing of charging uniformity.
- degassing may be performed by performing a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50° C. to 80° C. for 3 hours to 5 hours with respect to one or more types of secondary batteries having different initial charging SOCs.
- the high-temperature aging process promotes the release of gas generated in the initial charging step to the outside of the electrode assembly. At this time, when the viscosity of the electrolyte is lowered and the fluidity is high, it is advantageous to form a passage for gas discharge in the electrode assembly.
- the high-temperature aging process may be performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 80 °C. Preferably it may be a temperature of 55 °C to 70 °C. If the temperature is less than 50 ° C, it is not easy to lower the viscosity of the electrolyte, making it difficult to form a gas passage. If the temperature exceeds 80 ° C, electrochemical elements such as electrolyte or electrode active material may deteriorate, and side reactions such as oxidation and reduction of electrolyte this may result
- the high-temperature aging process may be performed for 3 to 5 hours.
- the high-temperature aging time may be appropriately increased or decreased according to the temperature. If it is performed at a high temperature, it is preferable to proceed for a short time so that the electrochemical device is not excessively exposed to high temperatures.
- the aging time can be appropriately set in consideration of the temperature and the release rate of the produced gas.
- one or more kinds of secondary batteries having different initial charging SOCs are aged at a high temperature and the discharge capacity of the degassed product is evaluated, and the SOC having the highest discharge capacity may be selected as the initial charging SOC.
- the discharge capacity evaluation may be a method of discharging to a level of SOC 20% or less after full charge (SOC 100%).
- the discharging may be performed up to SOC 0%.
- the secondary battery may indicate a voltage of 2V to 46V.
- the maximum discharge capacity of the secondary battery can be measured, and the initial charge SOC of the secondary battery having the maximum discharge capacity can be selected as the SOC charged in the initial charge step of the present invention.
- degassing to discharge gas generated inside the electrode assembly of a secondary battery that has undergone the step of initial charging with the optimal initial charging SOC steps may be included.
- the degassing step may further include a high-temperature aging process performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 80 °C.
- the temperature during the high-temperature aging process may be performed in the range of 50° C. to 80° C. in consideration of the viscosity and fluidity of the electrolyte solution.
- the execution time of the high-temperature aging process of the degassing step is the heating time at which the secondary battery reaches 98% of the maximum temperature when charging the secondary battery with a current of 0.15C to 0.25C. and a holding time for maintaining 98% to 100% of the maximum temperature of the secondary battery.
- the former case has a larger discharge capacity than the latter. You can check. Through this, when conditions including the size of the secondary battery are changed, there is an advantage in predicting an appropriate high-temperature aging performance time considering the discharge capacity of the battery by measuring the heating time and holding time in the charging process of the secondary battery. .
- the degassing step may further include a room temperature aging process after the high temperature aging process, and the room temperature aging process may wait for 0.5 to 72 hours.
- the room temperature may be performed in the form of storing the secondary battery at a temperature of 20° C. to 30° C. or in the form of storing the secondary battery in a chamber configured to maintain room temperature.
- the degassing step may further include a process of filling the SOC with 60% to 70% after a high-temperature aging process. This can further improve the stability of the battery because gas that can be generated through additional charging can be discharged through the degassing process.
- a step of charging the secondary battery in which the degassing process is completed may be further included in a range of 70% or more of SOC.
- the secondary battery can be charged in the range of SOC 70% or more. It is preferably charged in the range of SOC 70% to 100%, and the battery can be activated to enable normal driving by such charging.
- the step of discharging the secondary battery to a level of SOC of 20% or less may be further included after the step of charging the secondary battery to an SOC of 70% or more.
- the discharging may be performed up to SOC 0%.
- the secondary battery may exhibit a voltage of 2V to 46V.
- the secondary battery to which the initial charging step is applied is not performed at all after the electrolyte is injected, and the charge is first applied after the electrolyte is injected in the above step.
- the secondary battery before the initial charging step of charging the assembled secondary battery, the secondary battery may be maintained at an SOC of 0% or more and less than 1%.
- the pre-charging is performed as described above, the potential of the negative electrode is lowered to suppress the elution of copper used as the negative electrode current collector, and as a result, it is effective in suppressing the occurrence of low voltage in the battery.
- a process of forming a solid electrode interface (SEI) film on all or part of the negative electrode surface of the electrode assembly may be included.
- SEI solid electrode interface
- the formed SEI film serves to reduce the irreversibility of the secondary battery to a certain level even when it is charged at a high level in the degassing step.
- This SEI film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode in the initial charging step.
- the electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC, Ethylene Carbonate), which is a cyclic carbonate compound
- the SEI film is initially formed for sufficient reduction of the ethylene carbonate.
- a charging step is required.
- stabilization of the SEI film may be accelerated through a high-temperature aging process.
- 'activation' in the present specification is a process of supplying a certain amount of electricity to an electrode assembly or battery cell that does not have electrical characteristics so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode have electrical characteristics, which is accompanied by initial charging of the electrode assembly or battery cell. It can be understood as including all reactions that occur. Non-limiting examples of reactions accompanying the initial charge include activation of the negative electrode such as formation of an SEI film, partial charge of battery capacity, and lithiation of a carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the secondary battery used in the activation method may be composed of any one or more of those described below.
- the secondary battery has a structure including an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an electrolyte for impregnating the electrode assembly, and a battery case containing the electrode assembly and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is, for example, an electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt.
- the positive electrode has a structure in which a positive electrode active material layer is laminated on one or both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector.
- the cathode active material layer includes a cathode active material, a conductive material, a binder polymer, and the like, and, if necessary, may further include a cathode additive commonly used in the art.
- the cathode active material may be a lithium-containing oxide, and may be the same or different.
- a lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be used as the lithium-containing oxide.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in the range of 94.0 to 98.5% by weight in the positive electrode active material layer. When the content of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, it is advantageous in terms of manufacturing a high-capacity battery and providing sufficient positive electrode conductivity or adhesion between electrode materials.
- the current collector used for the positive electrode is a metal with high conductivity, and any metal that can be easily adhered to the positive electrode active material slurry and has no reactivity within the voltage range of the electrochemical device can be used.
- the current collector for the positive electrode include aluminum, nickel, or a foil made of a combination thereof.
- the cathode active material layer further includes a conductive material.
- a carbon-based conductive material is widely used, and includes a sphere-type or needle-type carbon-based conductive material.
- the point-shaped carbon-based conductive material in a mixed state with a binder, fills pores, which are empty spaces between active material particles, to improve physical contact between active materials, thereby reducing interface resistance and improving adhesion between the lower cathode active material and the current collector.
- point-like carbon-based conductive material examples include carbon black including Denka Black, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, FX35 (Denka Company), SB50L (Denka Company), and Super-P.
- 'sphere type' means having a spherical particle shape and having an average diameter (D50) in the range of 10 to 500 nm, specifically 15 to 100 nm or 15 to 40 nm.
- the linear carbon-based conductive material may be carbon nanotube (CNT), vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon nanofiber (CNF), or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- 'linear (needle type)' means a particle shape such as a needle, for example, having an aspect ratio (value of length / diameter) in the range of 50 to 650, specifically 60 to 300 or 100 to 300. .
- the point-shaped carbon-based conductive material has an advantage in dispersion compared to the linear conductive material, and has an effect of improving the insulating properties of the layer due to lower electrical conductivity than the linear carbon-based conductive material.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight in the cathode active material layer.
- the binder polymer binders commonly used in the art may be used without limitation.
- the binder may be a water-insoluble polymer that is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water, or a water-soluble polymer that is insoluble in organic solvents and soluble in water.
- Water-insoluble polymers include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer (PEO-PPO), poly It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylate, and derivatives thereof.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PPO polypropylene oxide
- PEO-PPO polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer
- PTFE tetrafluoroethylene
- PI polyimide
- PEI polyetherimide
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the water-soluble polymer is a group that includes various cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP). It may be one or more selected from.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- MC methylcellulose
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- HPCP hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- the content of the binder polymer is proportional to the content of the conductive material included in the upper cathode active material layer and the lower cathode active material layer. This is because more binder polymers are required when the content of the conductive material increases, and less binder polymers can be used when the content of the conductive material decreases.
- the negative electrode has a structure in which a negative electrode active material layer is laminated on one or both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder polymer, and the like, and may further include negative electrode additives commonly used in the art, if necessary.
- the anode active material may include a carbon material, lithium metal, silicon or tin.
- a carbon material is used as the negative electrode active material
- both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- Soft carbon and hard carbon are typical examples of low crystalline carbon
- examples of high crystalline carbon include natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystal pitch-based carbon fiber.
- High-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, mesocarbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum orcoal tarpitch derived cokes are typical examples.
- Non-limiting examples of the current collector used for the negative electrode include a foil made of copper, gold, nickel, or a copper alloy or a combination thereof.
- the current collector may be used by stacking substrates made of the above materials.
- the negative electrode may include a conductive material and a binder commonly used in the related art.
- any porous substrate used in a lithium secondary battery may be used as the separator, and for example, a polyolefin-based porous membrane or nonwoven fabric may be used, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- polystyrene-based porous membrane examples include polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and polyolefin-based polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene, and polypentene, each alone or a mixture thereof. one membrane.
- polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
- polyolefin-based polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene, and polypentene, each alone or a mixture thereof. one membrane.
- the nonwoven fabric includes, for example, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, and polycarbonate. ), polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethylenenaphthalene, etc. alone or separately, respectively.
- a nonwoven fabric formed from a polymer obtained by mixing these is exemplified.
- the structure of the nonwoven fabric may be a spunbond nonwoven fabric or a melt blown nonwoven fabric composed of long fibers.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, but may be 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and the pore size and porosity present in the porous substrate are also not particularly limited, but may be 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m and 10 to 95%, respectively.
- a porous coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder polymer may be further included on at least one surface of the porous substrate to improve the mechanical strength of the separator composed of the porous substrate and to suppress a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the electrolyte solution may include an organic solvent and an electrolyte salt, and the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt those commonly used in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries may be used without limitation. For example, containing Li + as a cation and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3- , N(CN) 2- , BF 4- , ClO 4- , AlO 4- , AlCl as an anion 4- , PF 6- , SbF 6- , AsF 6- , BF 2 C 2 O 4- , BC 4 O 8- , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4- , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3- , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2- , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3- , C 4 F 9 SO 3- , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3- , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N -
- organic solvent included in the above-described electrolyte solution those commonly used in electrolyte solutions for secondary batteries may be used without limitation. can be used Among them, cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, or mixtures of these carbonate compounds may be typically included.
- cyclic carbonate compound examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, Any one selected from the group consisting of 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, and halides thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- halides include, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- linear carbonate compound examples include any one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate, or these A mixture of two or more of them may be used representatively, but is not limited thereto.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate or these A mixture of two or more of them may be used representatively, but is not limited thereto.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- cyclic carbonates are high-viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, so that lithium salts in the electrolyte can be better dissociated.
- Such cyclic carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate
- An electrolyte with higher electrical conductivity can be made by mixing and using low-viscosity, low-dielectric constant linear carbonates in an appropriate ratio.
- any one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methylpropyl ether and ethylpropyl ether, or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used. , but is not limited thereto.
- esters include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -Any one selected from the group consisting of valerolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Injection of the non-aqueous electrolyte may be performed at an appropriate stage during the manufacturing process of the electrochemical device according to the manufacturing process and required physical properties of the final product. That is, it may be applied before assembling the electrochemical device or at the final stage of assembling the electrochemical device.
- the secondary battery includes a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, or a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
- the secondary battery may include a cylindrical, prismatic or pouch-type secondary battery depending on its shape.
- Cathode active material LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2
- conductive material carbon black
- binder PVDF
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine
- VDF binder
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine
- a jelly-roll type electrode assembly was manufactured by interposing a separator (polyethylene material, thickness 20 ⁇ m) between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the electrolyte solution was prepared by adding LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.4 M to an organic solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC, Ethylmethylcarbonate), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC, Ethylmethylcarbonate) and dimethylcarbonate (DMC) 20:20:60 (volume ratio) will be.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethylcarbonate
- DMC dimethylcarbonate
- vinylene carbonate (3 vol%) and succinonitrile (1 vol%) were mixed in the electrolyte.
- Example 1 to 5 A total of 6 types of secondary batteries (Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1) having a diameter of 21 mm were manufactured through the above preparation example.
- the activation process of each cell was performed as follows.
- an initial charging step a high-temperature aging (60° C., 4 hours), and a degassing step including room temperature aging (12 hours) were performed, respectively, as shown in Table 1 below.
- additional charging was performed up to SOC 65%.
- steps of discharging to SOC 100% full charge (4.2V) and SOC 0% (2.5V) were performed.
- the discharge was performed in 1C CC mode and 0.2C CV mode up to 2.5V.
- Comparative Example 1 the same processes as in Examples 1 to 5 were performed, except that the initial charging step and the degassing step by high-temperature aging were not performed as a conventional process.
- Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the discharge capacities of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 three identical secondary batteries were manufactured and the discharge capacity was evaluated. It was confirmed that the capacity was superior to that of other Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the initial charge was in the range of SOC 1% or SOC 3%, it was confirmed that the discharge capacity was similar to that of the case without initial charge, and the discharge capacity decreased when the initial charge exceeded the appropriate level, such as when the SOC was 10%. It was confirmed that
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of evaluation of discharge capacity according to high-temperature aging time after initial charging for a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and manufactured under an SOC of 7% condition.
- the discharge capacity according to the high-temperature aging time after the initial charge was evaluated for the secondary battery (Example 4) prepared under the condition that the initial charge was SOC 7%, and the results for the discharge capacity of the two identical secondary batteries were It can be confirmed through Table 2.
- the aging temperature was set to 60° C., and the aging times were set to 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. According to this, it was confirmed that the maximum discharge capacity exceeded 100% when the aging time was 1 hour or 2 hours. However, when the aging time exceeds 2 hours, deterioration or side reactions of battery chemical elements are caused, and the discharge capacity tends to decrease. In addition, it was confirmed that the discharge capacity was the lowest when no aging was performed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing temperature rise profiles of a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm.
- the heating time to reach 98% of the maximum temperature (60 ° C) is about 30 minutes, and 98% to 100% of the maximum temperature (60 ° C).
- the holding time to maintain % was confirmed to be about 30 minutes.
- the difference between the time obtained by adding the heating time and holding time (about 1 hour) and the high-temperature aging time (1 hour) showing the maximum discharge capacity in Table 2 was not large.
- a total of three types of cylindrical secondary batteries (Examples 6 to 8) having a diameter of 46 mm were manufactured through the above preparation example.
- Table 3 an initial charging step, a degassing step including high temperature aging (60° C., 4 hours) and room temperature aging (12 hours) were performed, respectively.
- additional charging was performed up to SOC 65%.
- steps of discharging to SOC 100% full charge (4.2V) and SOC 0% (2.5V) were performed.
- the discharge was performed in 1C CC mode and 0.2C CV mode up to 2.5V.
- Example 4 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the discharge capacities of Examples 6 to 8. Referring to FIG. 4, in each of Examples 6 to 8, three identical secondary batteries were manufactured and the discharge capacity was evaluated. In the case of Example 8 in which the initial charge was performed in the range of SOC 9%, the discharge capacity was different. It was confirmed that it was superior to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing temperature rise profiles of a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm.
- Table 4 shows the results of predicting the high-temperature aging performance from the heating time to reach 98% of the maximum temperature and the holding time to maintain 98% to 100% of the maximum temperature. Referring to FIG. 3 and Table 4, there is a 6-fold difference in heating time between a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm and a maximum discharge capacity (Example 8) and a secondary battery having a diameter of 21 mm and a maximum discharge capacity (Example 4).
- the holding time of the secondary battery (Example 4) having a diameter of 21 mm and a maximum discharge capacity was confirmed to be 30 minutes.
- the holding time of the secondary battery (Example 8) having a diameter of 46 mm and a maximum discharge capacity can be estimated as 3 hours, which is a difference of 6 times as the heating time. This is because, as the size of the battery increases, the holding time increases in proportion to the increase in the heating time.
- Example 8 As described above in Example 1, it was confirmed that the difference between the time obtained by adding the heating time and the holding time and the high-temperature aging time representing the maximum discharge capacity was not large. From this, it can be estimated that the high-temperature aging time of the secondary battery (Example 8) having a diameter of 46 mm and a maximum discharge capacity is 6 hours, which is the time obtained by adding the heating time and the holding time.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of evaluation of discharge capacity according to high-temperature aging time after initial charging for a secondary battery having a diameter of 46 mm and manufactured under an SOC of 9% condition.
- the discharge capacity according to the high-temperature aging time after the initial charge was evaluated for the secondary battery (Example 8) manufactured under the condition that the initial charge was SOC 9%, and the results for the discharge capacity of the two identical secondary batteries were It can be confirmed through [Table 5].
- the aging temperature was 60° C.
- the aging times were 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours.
- the average discharge capacity exceeded 100% when the aging time was 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours, and the maximum discharge capacity was shown when the aging time was 6 hours.
- the high-temperature aging time according to the temperature rising time and holding time previously estimated was consistent.
- the initial charging SOC is in the range of 9%, and in the case of a secondary battery that has undergone a high-temperature aging process for 6 hours, the secondary battery and the initial charging SOC without the initial charging SOC and high-temperature aging are in the range of 7%, and the high-temperature aging It was confirmed to have a higher discharge capacity than the secondary battery performed for 2 hours.
- the initial charging SOC having the maximum discharge capacity and the high-temperature aging time may vary, and therefore, it is necessary to set an appropriate initial charging SOC and high-temperature aging time.
- an appropriate initial charging SOC can be selected through discharge capacity evaluation, and an appropriate high-temperature aging time can be predicted by calculating the heating time and holding time of the temperature rise profile.
- the secondary battery that has undergone such an activation process can secure maximum usable capacity by efficiently discharging gas generated inside the battery.
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Abstract
Description
구분 | 초기 충전 (SOC, %) |
고온 에이징 온도(℃) | 고온 에이징 시간(hr) | 추가 충전 (SOC, %) |
실시예 1 | 1 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 2 | 3 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 3 | 5 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 4 | 7 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 5 | 10 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
비교예 1 | 0 | 미실시 | 미실시 | 65 |
구분 | 고온 에이징 시간(hr) | ||||
미실시 | 1시간 | 2시간 | 3시간 | 4시간 | |
최대 방전용량(%) | 99.57 | 100.2 | 100.14 | 100.03 | 100.05 |
최저 방전용량(%) | 99.57 | 100.04 | 100.1 | 99.92 | 99.91 |
구분 | 초기 충전 (SOC, %) |
고온 에이징 온도(℃) | 고온 에이징 시간(hr) | 추가 충전 (SOC, %) |
실시예 6 | 5 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 7 | 7 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
실시예 8 | 9 | 60 | 4 | 65 |
구분 | 직경(mm) | 최대 온도(℃) | 승온시간(hr) | 유지시간(hr) | 고온 에이징 추정 시간(hr) |
실시예 4 | 21 | 60 | 약 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 |
실시예 8 | 46 | 58.6 | 3 | 3(추정) | 6(추정) |
고온 에이징 시간(hr) | ||||||
미실시 | 1시간 | 2시간 | 4시간 | 6시간 | 8시간 | |
최대 방전용량(%) | 99.73 | 99.96 | 99.97 | 100.02 | 100.05 | 100.01 |
최저 방전용량(%) | 99.73 | 99.84 | 99.92 | 99.96 | 100.03 | 99.97 |
Claims (12)
- 이차전지의 활성화 방법에 있어서,제조된 이차전지를 충전하는 초기 충전 단계; 및충전된 이차전지의 가스를 배출하는 디개싱 단계를 포함하되,상기 디개싱 단계는,50℃ 내지 80℃ 온도에서 수행되는 고온 에이징 과정을 더 포함하고,상기 초기 충전 단계에서 충전되는 SOC는,a) 초기 충전 SOC가 서로 다른 1종 이상의 이차전지에 대하여, 50℃ 내지 80℃ 온도에서 수행되는 고온 에이징 과정을 3시간 내지 5시간 수행하여 디개싱하고,b) a)의 결과물에 대하여 방전용량을 평가하여방전용량이 가장 클 때의 SOC인 것으로 하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,디개싱 단계의 고온 에이징 과정의 수행 시간은,0.15C 내지 0.25C의 전류로 이차전지를 충전하는 경우, 이차전지가 최고 온도의 98%에 도달하는 승온시간; 및이차전지의 최고 온도의 98% 내지 100%를 유지하는 유지시간을 더한 것으로 하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,초기 충전 SOC가 서로 다른 1종 이상의 이차전지는,상기 초기 충전 SOC 범위가 1% 내지 15%인 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,방전용량 평가는, 만충전 후, SOC 20% 이하로 방전하는 방법인 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,디개싱 단계는,고온 에이징 과정 이후, 상온 에이징 과정을 더 포함하되,상기 상온 에이징 과정은 0.5 시간 내지 72시간 동안 대기하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,디개싱 단계는,고온 에이징 과정 후, SOC 60% 내지 70%로 충전하는 과정을 더 포함하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,디개싱 단계 후, 이차전지를 SOC 70% 이상 범위로 충전하는 과정을 더 포함하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,이차전지를 SOC 70% 이상 범위로 충전하는 단계 후, SOC 20% 이하의 수준으로 방전하는 단계를 더 포함하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,조립된 이차전지를 충전하는 초기 충전 단계 전, 이차전지는 SOC 0% 이상 1% 미만으로 유지되는 것인 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,디개싱 단계 전,전극조립체의 음극 표면의 전부 또는 일부에는 SEI(Solid Electrode Interface) 피막이 형성되는 과정을 포함하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,이차전지는 전극조립체와 전해액이 전지케이스에 수납된 구조이고,전극조립체는 양극, 음극 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막을 포함하는 구조이며,전해액은 리튬 염을 함유하는 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,이차전지는 각형, 원통형 또는 파우치형 중 어느 하나인 이차전지의 활성화 방법.
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JP2023528441A JP2023550915A (ja) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-21 | 二次電池の活性化方法 |
EP22887494.7A EP4228044A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-21 | Activation method for secondary battery |
CN202280007626.8A CN116491010A (zh) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-21 | 二次电池激活方法 |
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JPH10289729A (ja) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 二次電池の製造システム及び二次電池の製造方法 |
KR20140098152A (ko) * | 2011-11-24 | 2014-08-07 | 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 | 비수전해액 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
KR20170035565A (ko) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 프리웨팅 과정을 포함하는 이차전지의 제조 방법 |
KR20180113819A (ko) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-10-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지셀 제조방법 및 제조장치 |
KR20200142176A (ko) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 추가 열처리 공정이 도입된 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210144212A (ko) | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-30 | (주)피티씨 | 웨이퍼 시험장치 |
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JP6897411B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 | 2021-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (6)
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JPH10289729A (ja) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 二次電池の製造システム及び二次電池の製造方法 |
KR20140098152A (ko) * | 2011-11-24 | 2014-08-07 | 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 | 비수전해액 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
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KR20180113819A (ko) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-10-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지셀 제조방법 및 제조장치 |
KR20200142176A (ko) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 추가 열처리 공정이 도입된 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210144212A (ko) | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-30 | (주)피티씨 | 웨이퍼 시험장치 |
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