WO2023068669A1 - 고결정성 카본블랙 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
고결정성 카본블랙 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023068669A1 WO2023068669A1 PCT/KR2022/015602 KR2022015602W WO2023068669A1 WO 2023068669 A1 WO2023068669 A1 WO 2023068669A1 KR 2022015602 W KR2022015602 W KR 2022015602W WO 2023068669 A1 WO2023068669 A1 WO 2023068669A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- highly crystalline
- crystalline carbon
- present
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/50—Furnace black ; Preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/01—Crystal-structural characteristics depicted by a TEM-image
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/19—Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to highly crystalline carbon black and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to highly crystalline carbon black that can be used as a conductive material for various batteries including fuel cell catalyst carriers and secondary batteries requiring a high level of durability, and It's about how to make it.
- Carbon black refers to an aggregate of very fine spherical particles obtained by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons or compounds containing carbon. Carbon black forms primary particles in the reactor, and these primary particles are fused together to form aggregates in the form of clusters of grapes.
- carbon black can be largely classified into acetylene black and furnace black. Among them, furnace black has the advantage of being inexpensive, but furnace black has a higher crystallinity than acetylene black. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve.
- Carbon black affects the quality of materials used according to its physical properties, and its physical properties include crystallinity, specific surface area, structure, and particle size. characteristics can be adjusted. Carbon black is used in various fields such as industrial paints, coating compositions, and various printed materials, and since it can have electrical properties, it is also used as a conductive material.
- fuel cells have recently been popularized due to eco-friendly energy, and carbon black, a carbon material, is widely used as a catalyst carrier for supporting a fuel cell catalyst (eg, a platinum catalyst) in a fuel cell.
- a fuel cell catalyst eg, a platinum catalyst
- the fuel cell electric vehicle when the fuel cell electric vehicle is operated, when the supply of hydrogen, which is the fuel, to the anode (also referred to as 'fuel electrode' or 'hydrogen electrode') of the fuel cell is insufficient, the potential of the anode rises and the overall voltage of the fuel cell There is a problem in that a reverse voltage or reverse potential phenomenon representing a negative value occurs. Accordingly, the carbon black used as the catalyst carrier is gradually or rapidly oxidized and the electrode structure collapses, thereby reducing the efficiency and lifespan of the fuel cell.
- an object of the present invention is to provide high crystallinity and high purity carbon black and a method for producing the same.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method capable of efficiently producing high crystallinity and high purity carbon black.
- the present invention is to provide a fuel cell anode formed of high crystallinity and high purity carbon black and, in particular, significantly improved durability against reverse voltage, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including the same, and a fuel cell including the same.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the crystallite size Lc is 4.0 nm or more; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and highly crystalline carbon black having an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more.
- the highly crystalline carbon black may have an average lattice spacing d-spacing (002) value calculated from X-ray diffraction data of 0.350 nm or less.
- the crystallite size Lc is 1.0 to 2.0 nm; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and preparing furnace black having an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more; and (b) subjecting the furnace black to high-temperature heat treatment at 1800° C. or higher to obtain highly crystalline carbon black. 4.0 nm or greater; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and highly crystalline carbon black having an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more.
- the furnace black of step (a) includes (i) at least one supply unit having an air supply unit and a fuel supply unit; (ii) a reaction unit into which the high-temperature combustion gas introduced through the supply unit is introduced; (iii) a throat extending from the reaction part and having a smaller diameter than the reaction part; (iv) a neck portion extending from the discharge portion and having a larger diameter than the discharge portion; and (v) a casing extending from the neck but having a larger diameter than the neck, and may be manufactured by a carbon black manufacturing apparatus that satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2).
- the crystallite size Lc of the present invention is 4.0 nm or more; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and an electrode comprising a catalyst carrier formed of highly crystalline carbon black having an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more and a catalyst supported on the catalyst carrier; And an electrolyte membrane (membrane); it is possible to provide a membrane electrode assembly containing a.
- the highly crystalline carbon black of the present invention has very high crystallinity and purity, and may have an appropriate specific surface area.
- the reverse voltage phenomenon of the fuel cell can be reduced or suppressed, thereby improving the durability of the fuel cell.
- carbon black having a very high level of crystallinity and purity can be efficiently produced.
- Qualitative carbon black can be prepared.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified view of an apparatus for producing carbon black according to an aspect of the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows a TEM image of carbon black heat-treated at 1500 °C according to Comparative Experimental Example 3 of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows a TEM image of carbon black heat-treated at 1800 °C according to Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows a TEM image of carbon black heat-treated at 2000 °C according to Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 6 shows a TEM image of carbon black heat-treated at 2300 °C according to Experimental Example 3 of the present invention.
- the arrangement of an arbitrary element on the "upper (or lower)" or “upper (or lower)” of a component means that an arbitrary element is placed in contact with the upper (or lower) surface of the component.
- the highly crystalline carbon black of the present invention has a crystallite size Lc of 4.0 nm or more; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more.
- the highly crystalline carbon black may have an average lattice spacing d-spacing (002) value calculated from X-ray diffraction data of 0.350 nm or less, and a smaller value is preferable.
- Crystallite size Lc ('crystal size', 'crystal size', 'crystallite size', 'crystallite size in the c-axis direction', etc., which is one factor indicating the crystallinity of a carbon material with a crystal structure) Meaning) can be calculated through the Scherrer equation of [Equation 1] below, based on X-ray diffraction data analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (analysis equipment: Panalytical Empyrean Alpha 1).
- the d-spacing (002) means an average lattice spacing calculated from X-ray diffraction data, and is measured from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data.
- the desired degree of crystallinity varies depending on the use of carbon black. Since the carbon black of the present invention is preferably used as a catalyst carrier used in membrane electrode assemblies of fuel cells, repeated use and long-term use of fuel cells A very high level of crystallinity is required for the catalyst support so that it can have excellent durability.
- the Lc value of carbon black conventionally used as a catalyst carrier has a certain degree of crystallinity, approximately 0.5 to 2.0 nm, there is a limit to realizing a very high level of crystallinity.
- furnace black is used as a raw material for such high crystallinity. was very difficult to achieve. Therefore, the fact that the Lc value of the carbon black of the present invention has a value of 4.0 nm or more means that it has excellent crystallinity compared to conventional carbon black, and in terms of cost and process in that furnace black is used as a raw material. can have an advantage in
- the Lc of the highly crystalline carbon black of the present invention which can realize excellent durability as a catalyst support for a fuel cell, is preferably 4.0 nm or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10.0 nm or less.
- the average lattice spacing d-spacing (002) value is 0.350 nm or less.
- Carbon black as a catalyst carrier of the present invention is required to have a high specific surface area so that a catalyst such as platinum (Pt) can be well supported to exhibit excellent catalytic activity. Since it is lowered and placed in a trade-off relationship, it is important to properly adjust the specific surface area and crystallinity to make them compatible according to the physical properties required for the product to which carbon black is applied.
- a catalyst such as platinum (Pt)
- the specific surface area is preferably in the range of 50 to 150 m / g, more preferably in the range of 70 to 120 m / g, and most preferably in the range of 70 to 100 m / g .
- the specific surface area (BET) value can be measured according to the specific surface area analysis by nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) formula (analysis equipment: Micromeritics ASAP 2460 ).
- the oil absorption number (OAN) of carbon black means that the higher the value, the higher the carbon black has a structure. Higher-order structured carbon black particles may generally have excellent crystallinity. Oil absorption is measured according to an analysis method based on ASTM D2414 (measuring the amount (ml/100g) of dibutyl phthalate oil adsorbed to 100g of carbon black).
- the oil absorption number (OAN) of the carbon black of the present invention is preferably 150 ml/100 g or more, and most preferably 180 ml/100 g or more.
- the method for producing highly crystalline carbon black of the present invention includes (a) a crystallite size Lc of 1.0 to 2.0 nm; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and preparing furnace black having an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more; and (b) subjecting the furnace black to high-temperature heat treatment at 1800° C. or higher to obtain highly crystalline carbon black.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that, in order to improve the crystallite size Lc value, which is an important factor representing crystallinity, a manufacturing method that can significantly improve crystallinity, including a step of heat-treating furnace black at a high temperature of 1800 ° C. or higher. devised.
- the furnace black before high-temperature heat treatment has a specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m 2 / g; and an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g are preferably used, and a crystallite size Lc in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 nm may be used.
- BET specific surface area
- OAN oil absorption number
- the carbon black (raw material carbon black) before the heat treatment is preferably a furnace black having an advantage in process efficiency, and the furnace black is incomplete combustion of air, fuel oil, and hydrocarbon feedstock at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher. It can be prepared by inputting under conditions, the flow rate and type of each of the air, fuel oil, and hydrocarbon feedstock can be appropriately selected and adjusted, and if the physical properties of the furnace black, which is the raw material of the present invention, can be satisfied, the skilled person Process conditions can be appropriately adjusted as needed.
- the carbon black before heat treatment was prepared with a crystallite size Lc of 1.0 to 2.0 nm; specific surface area (BET) of 50 to 150 m/g; and an oil absorption number (OAN) of 150 ml/100 g or more. Since crystallinity mainly increases through high-temperature heat treatment (specific surface area also slightly increases), it is advantageous that the specific surface area and oil absorption are in a range that satisfies the physical properties of the finally produced highly crystalline carbon black even before high-temperature heat treatment.
- the ratio of [(neck length L) / (neck diameter D)] is 3 or less and condition (1) is not satisfied, or [(discharge diameter D') / (neck diameter D)] is 0.6 If condition (2) is not satisfied by exceeding
- carbon black before heat treatment in step (a) is prepared by reacting air, fuel oil, and hydrocarbon feedstock at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher, preferably 1500 to 1800 ° C., under incomplete combustion conditions. It can be.
- Highly crystalline carbon black may be produced by heat-treating the furnace black prepared in step (a) at a high temperature of 1800° C. or more under an inert gas (nitrogen, argon, etc.) atmosphere.
- an inert gas nitrogen, argon, etc.
- the Lc of carbon black before heat treatment is about 1.0 to 2.0 nm, it is treated as having some degree of crystallinity, and it is common to heat heat at a temperature of about 500 to 1000 ° C.
- a method of heat treatment at a high temperature of 1800 ° C. or more is adopted in order to significantly improve the crystallinity even for carbon black having Lc in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 nm.
- the heat treatment temperature of carbon black is 1800° C. or less, it is difficult to prepare carbon black having an Lc of 5.0 nm or more, and accordingly, it is difficult to prevent a reverse voltage phenomenon when used as a catalyst carrier of a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell. Therefore, the heat treatment temperature of the carbon black of the present invention is preferably 1800° C. or higher, more preferably 2000° C. or higher, but may be selected in consideration of process efficiency.
- an electrode including a catalyst carrier formed of the highly crystalline carbon black of the present invention and a catalyst supported on the catalyst carrier; And an electrolyte membrane (membrane); will be described for a membrane electrode assembly, including.
- MEA Membrane electrode assembly
- Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell PAFC
- Alkaline Fuel Cell AFC
- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell MCFC
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cells
- PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cells
- a Membrane Electrode Assembly corresponding to an electrode unit of a fuel cell means an assembly of an electrode and an electrolyte membrane.
- the electrode includes an anode and a cathode, and each electrode is formed in a form in which a catalyst for a fuel cell is supported on a catalyst carrier, and the anode and cathode are bonded with an electrolyte membrane therebetween to form a membrane electrode assembly.
- the anode and cathode vary depending on the type of fuel cell. For example, a very high durability is required for the anode in the case of PEMFC and the cathode in the case of PAFC. Since the carbon black according to the present invention has high crystallinity, it has high resistance to corrosion and damage to the catalyst support that occurs during fuel cell operation, thereby improving overall catalyst durability in the fuel cell MEA. The voltage phenomenon can be prevented or suppressed, and as a result, the effect of increasing the efficiency and lifespan of the fuel cell can occur.
- the highly crystalline carbon black according to the present invention can be applied to the catalyst carrier of the anode in the case of PEMFC and the cathode in the case of PAFC, and furthermore, it can be applied to secondary batteries using lithium ions, lead-acid batteries, alkaline batteries, etc. It can also be used for conductive materials that require conductivity, high crystallinity, and high purity.
- the catalyst for a MEA fuel cell of the present invention those conventionally used may be used, and, for example, a catalyst selected from platinum or a platinum alloy is preferable.
- a platinum alloy is used, stability and activity as an electrode catalyst can be further imparted.
- the platinum alloy is preferably a platinum group metal other than platinum (eg ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium and iridium), gold, silver, chromium, iron, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silicon, zinc And an alloy of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin and platinum, and the platinum alloy may contain an intermetallic compound of a metal alloyed with platinum and platinum.
- the electrolyte membrane of the MEA of the present invention should have excellent hydrogen ion conductivity, no electron conductivity, less fuel and water movement compared to ion movement, low or suppressed gas permeability, shape stability and oxidation-reduction. High stability is required for physical properties.
- the type of electrolyte membrane used is different depending on the type of fuel cell.
- the PEMFC fuel cell uses a polymer electrolyte membrane, for example, a commercially available Nafion (trade name of Dupont) membrane such as sulfonate high fluoride polymer can be used.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane for example, a commercially available Nafion (trade name of Dupont) membrane such as sulfonate high fluoride polymer can be used.
- the present invention In, the type of electrolyte membrane is not limited.
- Furnace black was manufactured under the same conditions and methods as in Example 1, but as shown in Table 1 below, the L/D value was 1.9 and the D'/D value was 0.72. There was a difference.
- Example 1 For the furnace blacks of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the specific surface area, OAN, d-spacing (002), Lc, and surface resistance were measured by the following methods, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Specific surface area Specific surface area analysis by nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) formula (Analysis equipment: Micromeritics ASAP 2460)
- OAN Analysis according to ASTM D2414: Measuring the amount (ml/100g) of dibutyl phthalate oil adsorbed to 100g of carbon black
- Electrolyte membrane Gore's Nafion 211 was used.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- ⁇ MEA performance evaluation It was evaluated at a temperature of 65°C, RH (Relative humidity) 100%, and an operating pressure of 1 bar, and the current value at a voltage of 0.6V was measured in the I-V curve.
- the absolute value of the reverse voltage drop rate is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and 10% or less can be evaluated as most preferable.
- Comparative Experimental Example 1 had a particularly low Lc, the reverse voltage drop rate was high even in an actual MEA, even though the current value was similar to that of Experimental Example 1.
- Comparative Experimental Example 2 is a conventionally used carbon black material. Although Lc is somewhat high, carbon black with such a high Lc tends to have a high specific surface area as well. As this weakens, the absolute value of the reverse voltage drop rate was also high in the actual MEA experiment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
경부직경(D) [mm] |
경부길이(L) [mm] |
토출부 직경(D') [mm] |
L/D | D'/D | |
비교예 1 | 320 | 600 | 230 | 1.9 | 0.72 |
실시예 1 | 320 | 1050 | 170 | 3.3 | 0.53 |
비표면적 [m2/g] |
OAN [ml/100g] |
d-spacing(002) [nm] |
Lc [nm] |
표면저항 [Ω] |
|
비교예 1 | 63 | 145 | 0.362 | 1.7 | 37.5 |
실시예 1 | 82 | 195 | 0.362 | 1.7 | 16.8 |
열처리온도 (℃) | |
비교 실험예 1 | 실시예 1의 카본블랙 사용 (열처리 하지 않음) |
비교 실험예 2 | Vulcan XC 72R 사용 (열처리 하지 않음) |
비교 실험예 3 | 1500 |
실험예 1 | 1800 |
실험예 2 | 2000 |
실험예 3 | 2300 |
비표면적 [m2/g] |
OAN [ml/100g] |
d-spacing [nm] |
Lc [nm] |
MEA 성능 [A] (@0.6V) |
역전압 강하율 [voltage%] |
|
비교 실험예 1 | 82 | 195 | 0.362 | 1.7 | 1.23 | -22.8 |
비교 실험예 2 | 253 | 174 | 0.360 | 2.2 | 1.28 | -20.2 |
비교 실험예 3 | 82 | 194 | 0.351 | 2.6 | 1.23 | -20.3 |
실험예 1 | 78 | 193 | 0.347 | 4.0 | 1.24 | -10.4 |
실험예 2 | 76 | 194 | 0.345 | 4.8 | 1.22 | -6.7 |
실험예 3 | 75 | 192 | 0.345 | 5.2 | 1.24 | -4.8 |
Claims (10)
- 미소결정 크기 Lc가 4.0 nm 이상; 비표면적(BET)이 50~150 ㎡/g; 및 오일흡수가(OAN)가 150 ㎖/100g 이상인 고결정성 카본블랙.
- 제1항에 있어서,미소결정 크기 Lc가 5.0 nm 이상 10nm 이하인 고결정성 카본블랙.
- 제1항에 있어서,비표면적(BET)이 70~100 ㎡/g인 고결정성 카본블랙.
- 제1항에 있어서,오일흡수가(OAN)가 180 ㎖/100g 이상인 고결정성 카본블랙.
- 제1항에 있어서,X선 회절 데이터로 계산한 평균 격자 공간 d-spacing(002) 값이 0.350 nm 이하인 고결정성 카본블랙.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 고결정성 카본블랙의 제조방법으로서,(a) 미소결정 크기 Lc가 1.0~2.0 nm; 비표면적(BET)이 50~150 ㎡/g; 및 오일흡수가(OAN)가 150 ㎖/100g 이상인 퍼니스 블랙(furnace black)을 제조하는 단계; 및(b) 상기 퍼니스 블랙을 1800℃이상의 온도에서 고온 열처리를 수행하여 고결정성 카본블랙을 수득하는 단계;를 포함하는 고결정성 카본블랙의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 (b) 단계의 고온 열처리는 2000℃ 이상의 온도에서 수행되는 것인, 고결정성 카본블랙의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 (a) 단계의 퍼니스 블랙은,(i) 공기 공급부 및 연료 공급부를 갖는 적어도 하나의 공급부; (ii) 상기 공급부를 통해 투입된 고온 연소 가스가 유입되는 반응부; (iii) 상기 반응부에서 연장되어 형성되되, 상기 반응부 보다 직경이 작은 토출부(throat); (iv) 상기 토출부에서 연장되어 형성되되 상기 토출부 보다 직경이 큰 경부; 및 (v) 상기 경부에서 연장되되 상기 경부 보다 직경이 큰 케이싱(casing);을 포함하고, 하기 조건 (1) 및 (2)를 만족하는 카본블랙 제조장치에서 제조되는 것인,고결정성 카본블랙의 제조방법:- 조건 (1) : [(경부의 길이 L) / (경부의 직경 D)] > 3- 조건 (2) : [(토출부의 직경 D') / (경부의 직경 D)] < 0.6
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 (a) 단계는 1500~1800℃ 온도 및 불완전 연소 조건 하에서 수행되는 것인, 고결정성 카본블랙의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 고결정성 카본블랙으로 형성된 촉매 담지체 및 상기 촉매 담지체에 담지된 촉매를 포함하는 전극; 및전해질막(membrane);을 포함하는,막전극 접합체.
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EP22883892.6A EP4306597A1 (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2022-10-14 | Highly crystalline carbon black and preparation method therefor |
CN202280033537.0A CN117321147A (zh) | 2021-10-20 | 2022-10-14 | 高结晶度炭黑及其制备方法 |
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JP2017206568A (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-11-24 | デンカ株式会社 | カーボンブラック及びそれを用いた燃料電池用触媒 |
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JP2013093171A (ja) | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | リチウム二次電池用正極およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
CN105070884A (zh) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-11-18 | 卡博特公司 | 炭黑以及在铅酸电池用电极中的用途 |
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KR100404809B1 (ko) * | 1995-07-07 | 2005-06-16 | 엠.엠.엠. 에스.에이. | 탄소재료의열처리방법 |
KR20070042736A (ko) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 막전극 어셈블리, 이의 제작방법, 및 이를채용한 연료전지 시스템 |
JP2017206568A (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-11-24 | デンカ株式会社 | カーボンブラック及びそれを用いた燃料電池用触媒 |
KR20200018636A (ko) * | 2017-06-15 | 2020-02-19 | 캐보트 코포레이션 | 카본 블랙 입자를 함유하는 전극 및 관련 방법 |
KR20210086802A (ko) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-09 | 오씨아이 주식회사 | 고결정성 및 비표면적이 증가된 카본블랙의 제조 방법 |
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