WO2023068357A1 - 重合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
重合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023068357A1 WO2023068357A1 PCT/JP2022/039225 JP2022039225W WO2023068357A1 WO 2023068357 A1 WO2023068357 A1 WO 2023068357A1 JP 2022039225 W JP2022039225 W JP 2022039225W WO 2023068357 A1 WO2023068357 A1 WO 2023068357A1
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- SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hypochlorite Chemical compound [K+].Cl[O-] SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019250 sodium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M sodium;(1e)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C1/C(=O)OC(C)=CC1=O DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NYCVSSWORUBFET-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;bromite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br=O NYCVSSWORUBFET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F16/12—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F16/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F16/26—Monomers containing oxygen atoms in addition to the ether oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F116/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F116/12—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F116/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F216/1416—Monomers containing oxygen in addition to the ether oxygen, e.g. allyl glycidyl ether
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F216/1416—Monomers containing oxygen in addition to the ether oxygen, e.g. allyl glycidyl ether
- C08F216/1425—Monomers containing side chains of polyether groups
- C08F216/1433—Monomers containing side chains of polyethylene oxide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/06—Oxidation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a polymer, a gel, a gelling agent, a method for producing a gel, and a method for producing the polymer.
- sodium polyacrylate has been widely used as a gelling agent.
- polyvinyl ether having a polyalkylene glycol chain in the side chain such as polydiethylene glycol monovinyl ether, paints, inks, adhesives, resin modifiers, metal recovery resins, compatibilizers, surfactants, dispersants . It has been found that it is useful as a main agent or a compounding component such as a binder (Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyvinyl ether polymer useful as a gelling agent.
- a polymer (hereinafter also referred to as a polymer of the present invention) having a structural unit represented by the following formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as a structural unit (2)).
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 0-3.
- R 1 , R 2 and n have the same meanings as above. ]
- the molar ratio [(1):(2)] of the structural unit represented by formula (1) to the structural unit represented by formula (2) is 1:99 to 95:5, ⁇ 3> the polymer.
- the molar ratio [(1):(2)] of the structural unit represented by formula (1) to the structural unit represented by formula (2) is 30:70 to 70:30, ⁇ 3> the polymer.
- ⁇ 6> A gel (hereinafter also referred to as the gel of the present invention) in which a liquid substance is gelled with the polymer according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>.
- ⁇ 7> A gelling agent containing the polymer according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> (hereinafter also referred to as the gelling agent of the present invention).
- ⁇ 8> A method for producing a gel (hereinafter also referred to as the gel producing method of the present invention), comprising gelling a liquid substance using the polymer according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>.
- a method for producing a polymer having a structural unit (2), including a step of oxidizing a polymer having a structural unit (1) (hereinafter also referred to as the polymer production method of the present invention).
- a polyvinyl ether polymer useful as a gelling agent can be easily produced. Accordingly, the polymers of the present invention are useful as gelling agents.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in state of a mixture of the copolymer obtained in Example 3 and water.
- the polymer production method of the present invention includes a step of oxidizing a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as a raw material polymer), a structure represented by the following formula (2) A method for producing a polymer having units.
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 0-3.
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 2 represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. .
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkanediyl group represented by R 1 and R 2 is preferably 1 to 4 from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials, ease of production, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkanediyl group represented by R 1 is preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 2.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkanediyl group represented by R 2 is more preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- alkanediyl groups represented by R 1 and R 2 include methane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,2-diyl and propane-1,1-diyl. group, propane-1,2-diyl group, propane-1,3-diyl group, propane-2,2-diyl group, butane-1,2-diyl group, butane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1 ,4-diyl group, pentane-1,5-diyl group and the like.
- the alkanediyl group represented by R 1 is preferably an ethane-1,2-diyl group or a propane-1,2-diyl group, more preferably an ethane-1,2-diyl group.
- the alkanediyl group represented by R 2 is preferably a methane-1,1-diyl group or an ethane-1,2-diyl group, more preferably a methane-1,1-diyl group.
- n is an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, particularly preferably 1, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials, ease of production, and the like.
- n R 1 may be the same or different.
- the content of the structural unit (1) is preferably 70 to 100 mol%, more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, and 95 to 100%, based on the total structural units of the starting polymer. Mole % is particularly preferred.
- the starting polymer a homopolymer consisting of repeating structural units (1) is preferred.
- a non-crosslinked polymer is preferable.
- the content of each structural unit in each polymer can be measured by NMR or the like. Specifically, the measurement may be performed according to the method described in the examples below.
- Raw material polymers include, for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether), poly(3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether), poly(propylene glycol monovinyl ether), poly(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl vinyl ether), poly(4 -hydroxybutyl vinyl ether), poly(diethylene glycol monovinyl ether), poly(dipropylene glycol monovinyl ether), poly(triethylene glycol monovinyl ether) and the like.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the starting polymer is preferably from 500 to 500,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 100,000. Also, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the starting polymer is preferably 500 to 500,000, more preferably 1,000 to 100,000. Further, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is preferably 1-5. The number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution may be measured according to the methods described in the examples below.
- the starting polymer may be a commercially available product or one obtained by synthesis according to a known method described in JP-A-2017-14438.
- Oxidation of the starting polymer may be carried out using an oxidizing agent.
- an oxidizing agent See, for example, WO2012/008228, Piancatelli, G.I. ; Leonelli, F.; Org. Synth. 2006, 83, 18, Cellulose volume 24, pages 4097-4101 (2017), and the like.
- Oxidants are roughly classified into organic oxidants and inorganic oxidants.
- organic oxidizing agents include N-oxyl oxidizing agents such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl and 2-azamantane N-oxyl, and percarboxylic acids such as peracetic acid and perbenzoic acid. acids and the like.
- examples of inorganic oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide, chromic acid, pyridinium chlorochromate, and the like.
- these oxidizing agents may be used individually by 1 type, or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the oxidizing agent since it is not a transition metal, it has low toxicity, the reaction proceeds under mild conditions at about room temperature, and it is relatively inexpensive and non-explosive.
- N-oxyl-based oxidizing agents are preferred, and piperidine N-oxyl-based oxidizing agents are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent used is usually 0.001 to 0.08 molar equivalents, preferably 0.002 to 0.07 molar equivalents, more preferably 0.005 to 0.06 molar equivalents, relative to the structural units in the starting polymer. molar equivalents.
- an N-oxyl-based oxidizing agent is used as the oxidizing agent
- a re-oxidizing agent in addition to iodobenzene diacetate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium bromite, hypobromite Lithium acid, potassium hypobromite, calcium hypobromite, sodium hydrogen persulfate, sodium periodate, oxoacid such as periodic acid or a salt thereof (preferably halogen oxoate), sodium bromide, chloride
- an alkali metal salt such as sodium or sodium sulfate (preferably an alkali metal halide or an alkali metal salt of an inorganic acid) is preferred.
- the amount of the halogen oxoacid salt to be used is generally 50 to 2000 molar equivalents, preferably 100 to 500 molar equivalents, relative to the N-oxyl-based oxidizing agent.
- the amount of the alkali metal halide to be used is generally 1-300 molar equivalents, preferably 10-20 molar equivalents, relative to the N-oxyl-based oxidizing agent.
- the oxidation step is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves or disperses the starting polymer without inhibiting the reaction.
- solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane and petroleum ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile; 1,2-dichloroethane, halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide amides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; esters such as ethyl formate
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- water is preferable from the viewpoint of the solubility of the raw material polymer and the polymer after oxidation.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually about 20 to 500 times the weight of the starting polymer.
- the reaction time in the oxidation step is not particularly limited, but is usually about 3 minutes to 12 hours (preferably 15 to 120 minutes). ⁇ 40°C.
- the pH of the oxidation step is preferably in the range of 8-14, more preferably in the range of 10-11.
- the polymer obtained in the oxidation step may be subjected to an ion exchange treatment.
- the ion exchange treatment may be performed using an acidic ion exchange resin.
- a polyvinyl ether-based polymer useful as a gelling agent can be easily produced.
- the polymer of the present invention that can be produced as described above will be described.
- the polymer of the present invention has a structural unit represented by the following formula (2).
- Examples of counter ions represented by M + in formula (2) include alkali metal ions such as sodium ion and potassium ion; alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium ion and calcium ion; ammonium ion; mentioned.
- the polymer of the present invention preferably further has a structural unit (1).
- the structural unit (1) By providing the structural unit (1) in combination with the structural unit (2), the gelling ability is improved.
- the arrangement of the structural units is not particularly limited, and the copolymer may be a block copolymer, a graft copolymer, a random copolymer, or an alternating copolymer. may be either.
- the polymer of the present invention is preferably a copolymer composed of repeating structural units (1) and repeating structural units (2).
- a non-crosslinked polymer is preferable.
- the content of the structural unit (2) is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol, based on the total structural units of the polymer of the present invention, from the viewpoint of gelling ability, heat resistance, thermal stability, etc. % or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 40 mol% or more, and from the viewpoint of gelling ability, imparting hydrophilic performance, etc., the total amount of the polymer of the present invention It is preferably 100 mol % or less, more preferably 99 mol % or less, still more preferably 90 mol % or less, even more preferably 80 mol % or less, particularly preferably 70 mol % or less, relative to the structural unit.
- a specific range is preferably 5 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less, and 20 mol% or more and 90 mol% or less, based on the total structural units of the polymer of the present invention.
- the following are more preferable, 30 mol % or more and 80 mol % or less are still more preferable, and 40 mol % or more and 70 mol % or less are particularly preferable.
- the content of the structural unit (1) is preferably 0 mol % or more, more preferably 1 mol % or more, based on the total structural units of the polymer of the present invention, from the viewpoint of gelling ability, imparting hydrophilicity, etc. It is more preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 30 mol% or more. It is preferably 95 mol % or less, more preferably 90 mol % or less, still more preferably 80 mol % or less, even more preferably 70 mol % or less, and particularly preferably 60 mol % or less, relative to the structural unit.
- a specific range is preferably 0 mol % or more and 95 mol % or less, more preferably 1 mol % or more and 90 mol % or less, and 10 mol % or more and 80 mol %, based on the total structural units of the polymer of the present invention.
- the following are more preferable, more preferably 20 mol % or more and 70 mol % or less, and particularly preferably 30 mol % or more and 60 mol % or less.
- the content of the structural unit (1) is 1 mol % or more or 10 mol % or more, the gelling ability is particularly improved.
- the content of the structural unit (1) is 70 mol % or less, the heat resistance and thermal stability are particularly improved.
- the molar ratio [(1):(2)] between the structural unit (1) and the structural unit (2) in the polymer of the present invention is preferably 0:100 from the viewpoint of imparting gelling ability, hydrophilicity, etc. above, more preferably 1:99 or more, still more preferably 10:90 or more, still more preferably 20:80 or more, and particularly preferably 30:70 or more. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 95:5 or less, more preferably 90:10 or less, still more preferably 80:20 or less, still more preferably 70:30 or less, and particularly preferably 60:40 or less.
- a specific range is preferably from 0:100 to 95:5, more preferably from 1:99 to 90:10, still more preferably from 10:90 to 80:20, even more preferably from 20:80 to 70:30, 30:70 to 60:40 are particularly preferred.
- the molar ratio [(1):(2)] is 1:99 or more or 10:90 or more, the gelling ability is particularly improved. Further, when the molar ratio [(1):(2)] is 70:30 or less, the heat resistance and thermal stability are particularly improved.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer of the present invention is preferably from 500 to 500,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer of the present invention is preferably 500 to 500,000, more preferably 1,000 to 100,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is preferably 1-5. The number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution may be measured according to the methods described in the examples below.
- the polymer of the present invention has excellent gelling ability. Accordingly, the polymers of the present invention are useful as gelling agents.
- liquid substances include water and water-soluble organic solvents.
- water-soluble organic solvents include water-soluble alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and ethylene glycol; water-soluble ethers such as tetrahydrofuran; water-soluble ketones such as acetone; water-soluble amides such as N,N'-dimethylformamide; water-soluble sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide; water-soluble amines such as pyridine; and water-soluble nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- These liquid substances may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among these, water and a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent are preferable.
- the gelling agent of the present invention contains the polymer of the present invention.
- the content of the polymer of the present invention is preferably 70 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 90 to 100% by mass in the gelling agent of the present invention.
- the gelling agent of the present invention may contain components other than the polymer of the present invention.
- Such other ingredients include preservatives such as isothiazolones, triazines, pronopol, thiabendazole, carbendazim, zinc pyrithione; benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, Preservatives such as propionic acid, sodium propionate, thujaplicin, paraoxybenzoate (parabens); chelating agents such as edetic acid; and surfactants. One of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- preservatives such as isothiazolones, triazines, pronopol, thiabendazole, carbendazim, zinc pyrithione
- benzoic acid sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate
- Preservatives such as propionic acid, sodium propionate, thujaplicin, paraoxybenzoate
- the gelling agent of the present invention has excellent gelling ability. Therefore, the gelling agent of the present invention is useful as a hygroscopic material, a water absorbing material, a thickening agent, a slurrying agent, and the like. Specifically, it is useful as sanitary materials such as diapers and napkins; treating agents for pets such as pet sheets and litter; deodorants; soil water-retaining agents; water-retaining agents for plant cultivation;
- the gel production method of the present invention includes a step of gelling a liquid substance using the polymer of the present invention.
- the gelation step in the gel production method of the present invention may be carried out by, for example, mixing the polymer of the present invention and a liquid substance at 10 to 30°C.
- a gel can be obtained by such a simple operation.
- the amount of the polymer of the present invention used is usually 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 32 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid substance. is. And according to the gel manufacturing method of this invention, a gel can be obtained simply and at low cost.
- the gel of the present invention is obtained by gelling a liquid substance with the polymer of the present invention.
- the content of the liquid substance in the gel of the present invention is preferably 60-99.9% by mass, more preferably 68-99.5% by mass, and particularly preferably 90-99% by mass.
- the content of the polymer of the present invention is usually 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 32 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the liquid substance. is. Further, as shown in the examples below, the gel of the present invention irreversibly becomes a solution when heated, so disposal is very easy.
- Acid-PDEGV was obtained according to the following synthetic route.
- Polydiethylene glycol monovinyl ether (Mn: 14600, Mw/Mn: 3.75 (hereinafter also referred to as PDEGV)) 0.2 g, water 50 mL, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (hereinafter also referred to as TEMPO ) and 0.125 g of NaBr were added to a 100 mL beaker.
- PDEGV Polydiethylene glycol monovinyl ether
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl
- Example 2 to 6 A polymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amounts of TEMPO, NaBr and NaClO aqueous solutions used and the reaction time were changed to those shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows the yield, molar ratio of structural units [(1):(2)], number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymer (Acid-PDEGV).
- Example 7 0.1 g of the copolymer (powder) obtained in Example 1 was added to 9.9 g of water to obtain a 1 mass % aqueous solution. After dialyzing this aqueous solution, it was passed through a column with a diameter of 1 cm packed with 10 g of an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite 200CT manufactured by Organo). It was confirmed by 1 H-NMR that --COO - Na + in the side chain of the copolymer was converted to --COOH.
- an acidic ion exchange resin Amberlite 200CT manufactured by Organo
- Test Example 3 Each polymer shown in Table 3 was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
- the thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a DSC8231 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation by heating at a rate of 20° C./min.
- differential scanning thermal analysis was performed by using TG-DTA8122 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation and increasing the temperature at 10° C./min. Table 3 shows the results of Test Example 3.
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Abstract
Description
一方、ポリジエチレングリコールモノビニルエーテルのような、ポリアルキレングリコール鎖を側鎖に有するポリビニルエーテルについては、塗料、インキ、接着剤、樹脂改質剤、金属回収樹脂、相溶化剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、結着剤等の主剤又は配合成分として有用ということが、これまでにわかってきた(特許文献1)。
本発明の課題は、ゲル化剤として有用なポリビニルエーテル系重合体を提供することにある。
<1> 下記式(2)で表される構造単位(以下、構造単位(2)ともいう)を有する重合体(以下、本発明の重合体ともいう)。
R1は、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示し、
R2は、単結合、又は炭素数1~5の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示し、
Xは、-C(=O)OH、-C(=O)O-M+、又は-C(=O)O-を示し(M+は、対イオンを示す)、
nは、0~3の整数である。〕
<3> 下記式(1)で表される構造単位(以下、構造単位(1)ともいう)を更に有する、<1>に記載の重合体。
<5> 式(1)で表される構造単位と式(2)で表される構造単位とのモル比〔(1):(2)〕が、30:70~70:30である、<3>に記載の重合体。
<7> <1>~<5>のいずれかに記載の重合体を含有する、ゲル化剤(以下、本発明のゲル化剤ともいう)。
<8> <1>~<5>のいずれかに記載の重合体を用いて液状物質をゲル化する工程を含む、ゲルの製造方法(以下、本発明のゲル製造方法ともいう)。
したがって、本発明の重合体は、ゲル化剤として有用である。
本発明の重合体製造方法は、下記式(1)で表される構造単位を有する重合体(以下、原料重合体ともいう)を酸化する工程を含む、下記式(2)で表される構造単位を有する重合体を製造する方法である。
R1は、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示し、
R2は、単結合、又は炭素数1~5の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示し、
nは、0~3の整数である。〕
Xは、-C(=O)OH、-C(=O)O-M+、又は-C(=O)O-を示し(M+は、対イオンを示す)、
R1、R2及びnは、前記と同義である。〕
式(1)中、R1は、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示す。また、R2は、単結合、又は炭素数1~5の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基を示すが、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルカンジイル基が好ましい。
R1、R2で示されるアルカンジイル基の炭素数は、原料の入手容易性、製造の容易性等の観点から、好ましくは1~4である。R1で示されるアルカンジイル基の炭素数は、より好ましくは2又は3であり、特に好ましくは2である。一方、R2で示されるアルカンジイル基の炭素数は、より好ましくは1又は2であり、特に好ましくは1である。
これらの中でも、R1で示されるアルカンジイル基としては、エタン-1,2-ジイル基、プロパン-1,2-ジイル基が好ましく、エタン-1,2-ジイル基がより好ましい。R2で示されるアルカンジイル基としては、メタン-1,1-ジイル基、エタン-1,2-ジイル基が好ましく、メタン-1,1-ジイル基がより好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、各重合体中の各構造単位の含有量はNMR等により測定可能である。具体的には、後述する実施例に記載の方法に従い測定すればよい。
また、原料重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)としては、500~500000が好ましく、1000~100000がより好ましい。
また、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)としては、1~5が好ましい。
なお、数平均分子量、重量平均分子量及び分子量分布は、後述する実施例に記載の方法に従い測定すればよい。
原料重合体の酸化は、酸化剤を用いて行えばよい。例えば、WO2012/008228、Piancatelli,G.;Leonelli,F.Org.Synth.2006,83,18、Cellulose volume24,pages4097-4101(2017)等に記載の公知の酸化を参考にして行うことができる。
酸化剤は、有機酸化剤と無機酸化剤とに大別される。有機酸化剤としては、例えば、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン1-オキシル、2-アザマンタンN-オキシル等のN-オキシル系酸化剤の他、過酢酸、過安息香酸等の過カルボン酸等が挙げられる。一方、無機酸化剤としては、例えば、過酸化水素、クロム酸、クロロクロム酸ピリジニウム等が挙げられる。なお、これら酸化剤は1種を単独で用いても2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
酸化剤としては、遷移金属でないため毒性が低く、室温程度の温和な条件で反応が進行し更に比較的安価で爆発性がないものが良く、これら環境調和性等の観点から、有機酸化剤が好ましく、N-オキシル系酸化剤がより好ましく、ピペリジンN-オキシル系酸化剤が特に好ましい。
酸化剤の使用量は、原料重合体中の構造単位に対し、通常0.001~0.08モル当量、好ましくは0.002~0.07モル当量、より好ましくは0.005~0.06モル当量である。
ハロゲンオキソ酸塩の使用量は、N-オキシル系酸化剤に対し、通常50~2000モル当量、好ましくは100~500モル当量である。
アルカリ金属ハロゲン化物の使用量は、N-オキシル系酸化剤に対し、通常1~300モル当量、好ましくは10~20モル当量である。
溶媒の使用量は、原料重合体に対して、通常20~500質量倍程度である。
酸化工程のpHは、好ましくは8~14の範囲、より好ましくは10~11の範囲である。
なお、反応生成物の単離は、必要に応じて、洗浄、乾燥、透析等の通常の手段を適宜組み合わせて行えばよい。
次に、上記のようにして製造できる本発明の重合体について説明する。
本発明の重合体は、下記式(2)で表される構造単位を有するものである。
Xは、-C(=O)OH、-C(=O)O-M+、又は-C(=O)O-を示し(M+は、対イオンを示す)、
R1、R2及びnは、前記と同義である。〕
構造単位(1)及び(2)を有する場合、その構造単位の配列の態様は特に限定されず、共重合体は、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体、ランダム共重合体、交互共重合体のいずれであってもよい。
また、本発明の重合体としては、構造単位(1)の繰り返しと構造単位(2)の繰り返しとからなるコポリマーが好ましい。また、本発明の重合体としては、非架橋型重合体が好ましい。
なお、構造単位(1)の含有量を1モル%以上又は10モル%以上とした場合にゲル化能が特に改善する。また、構造単位(1)の含有量を70モル%以下とした場合に耐熱性や熱安定性が特に改善する。
なお、モル比〔(1):(2)〕を1:99以上又は10:90以上とした場合にゲル化能が特に改善する。また、モル比〔(1):(2)〕を70:30以下とした場合に耐熱性や熱安定性が特に改善する。
また、本発明の重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)としては、500~500000が好ましく、1000~100000がより好ましい。
また、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)としては、1~5が好ましい。
なお、数平均分子量、重量平均分子量及び分子量分布は、後述する実施例に記載の方法に従い測定すればよい。
液状物質としては、水、水溶性有機溶媒が挙げられる。水溶性有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、エチレングリコール等の水溶性アルコール類;テトラヒドロフラン等の水溶性エーテル類;アセトン等の水溶性ケトン類;N-メチル-2-ピロリドン等の水溶性ピロリドン類;N,N'-ジメチルホルムアミド等の水溶性アミド類;ジメチルスルホキシド等の水溶性スルホキシド類;ピリジン等の水溶性アミン類;アセトニトリル等の水溶性ニトリル類等が挙げられる。これら液状物質は1種を単独で用いても2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これらの中でも、水、水と水溶性有機溶媒との混液が好ましい。
本発明のゲル化剤は、本発明の重合体を含有するものである。
本発明の重合体の含有量としては、本発明のゲル化剤中、70~100質量%が好ましく、80~100質量%がより好ましく、90~100質量%が特に好ましい。
本発明のゲル化剤は、本発明の重合体以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。このような他の成分としては、例えば、イソチアゾロン、トリアジン、プロノポール、チアベンダゾール、カルベンダジム、ジンクピリチオン等の防腐剤;安息香酸、安息香酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸カリウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、プロピオン酸、プロピオン酸ナトリウム、ツヤプリシン、パラオキシ安息香酸エステル(パラベン)等の保存料;エデト酸等のキレート剤;界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらのうち1種を単独で用いても2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
したがって、本発明のゲル化剤は、吸湿材、吸水材、増粘剤、スラリー化剤等として有用である。具体的には、オムツ、ナプキン等の衛生材料;ペットシーツ、トイレ砂等のペット用処理剤;消臭剤;土壌保水材;植物栽培用保水剤;シーリング材等として有用である。
本発明のゲル製造方法は、本発明の重合体を用いて液状物質をゲル化する工程を含むものである。
本発明のゲル製造方法におけるゲル化工程は、例えば、本発明の重合体と液状物質とを10~30℃で混合する等して行えばよい。本発明のゲル製造方法によれば、このような簡便な操作でゲルが得られる。
本発明の重合体の使用量は、液状物質100質量部に対して、通常0.1~40質量部であり、好ましくは0.5~32質量部であり、より好ましくは1~10質量部である。
そして、本発明のゲル製造方法によれば、簡便に且つ低コストでゲルが得られる。
本発明のゲルは、本発明の重合体で液状物質がゲル化されているものである。
液状物質の含有量は、本発明のゲル中、好ましくは60~99.9質量%であり、より好ましくは68~99.5質量%であり、特に好ましくは90~99質量%である。
本発明の重合体の含有量は、液状物質100質量部に対して、通常0.1~40質量部であり、好ましくは0.5~32質量部であり、より好ましくは1~10質量部である。
そして、後記実施例に示すように、本発明のゲルは、加温した場合に不可逆的に溶液状態になるため、廃棄処理が非常に簡便である。
(同定及び収率測定)
化学構造の同定と収率測定は、1H-NMRスペクトル測定(装置:JEOL製JNM-ECX500II、500MHz、溶媒:重水、内部標準物質:3-(トリメチルシリル)プロピオン酸ナトリウム-2,2,3,3-d4)、13C-NMRスペクトル測定(装置:JEOL製JNM-ECX500II、125MHz、溶媒:重水、内部標準物質:3-(トリメチルシリル)プロピオン酸ナトリウム-2,2,3,3-d4)を用いて行った。
(分子量測定)
測定法:GPC法、ポンプ:東ソー製CCPM II、オートサンプラー:東ソー製AS-8020、カラムオーブン:東ソー製CO-8020、検出器:東ソー製RI-8011、デガスター:GLサイエンス製DG660B、カラム:東ソー製TSKgelα-M、溶出溶媒:リン酸緩衝液(pH=7)、標準物質:ポリエチレンオキシド、測定温度:40℃
以下の合成経路に従い、Acid-PDEGVを得た。
得られた重合体(Acid-PDEGV)の収率、構造単位のモル比〔(1):(2)〕、数平均分子量及び分子量分布を表1に示す。
TEMPO、NaBr及びNaClO水溶液の使用量並びに反応時間を表1に示すものに変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして重合体を得た。
得られた重合体(Acid-PDEGV)の収率、構造単位のモル比〔(1):(2)〕、数平均分子量及び分子量分布を表1に示す。
実施例1で得た共重合体(粉体)0.1gを水9.9gに加え、1質量%水溶液を得た。この水溶液を透析した後、酸性イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ製アンバーライト200CT)10gが充填された直径1cmのカラムに通した。共重合体側鎖の-COO-Na+が-COOHに変換されたことを1H-NMRにより確認した。
実施例3で得た共重合体(粉体)5質量部を、25℃で水95質量部に加えたところ、ゲル化した。ゲルの粘弾性を以下の条件で測定したところ、貯蔵弾性率(G')及び損失弾性率(G")は、角周波数1ラジアン/secでそれぞれ33.2Pa、2.36Paであり、G'がG"を上回っていた。
装置:Anton Paar社製 Modular Compact Rheometer MCR 302
コーンプレート:CP50-1(直径49.979mm、角度0.998°)
ひずみ:1%
角周波数:0.1~100ラジアン/sec
また、40℃で溶液状態にしたもの及び0℃で凍結させたものは、いずれについても乾燥により脱水することで、共重合体(粉体)とすることができた。
試験例1の結果を図1に示す。
表2に示す各重合体について、試験管転倒法によりゲル化濃度を求めた。ここでは、10mLバイアルに共重合体(粉体)を入れ、25℃で所定量の水を加えて1分間静置した後、試験管をゆっくりと180度転倒し、目視で変形したり崩れたりしていないものをゲルとした。そのゲル化する濃度(ゲル化濃度)の値が小さいほど、ゲル化能に優れるといえる。試験例2の結果を表2に示す。
表3に示す各重合体について、熱重量分析及び示差走査熱分析を行った。熱重量分析は、リガク製DSC8231を用いて20℃/minで昇温させて測定した。また、示差走査熱分析は、リガク製TG-DTA8122を用いて10℃/minで昇温させて測定した。試験例3の結果を表3に示す。
Claims (9)
- 式(2)で表される構造単位の含有量が、全構造単位に対して5~100モル%である、請求項1に記載の重合体。
- 式(1)で表される構造単位と式(2)で表される構造単位とのモル比〔(1):(2)〕が、1:99~95:5である、請求項3に記載の重合体。
- 式(1)で表される構造単位と式(2)で表される構造単位とのモル比〔(1):(2)〕が、30:70~70:30である、請求項3に記載の重合体。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の重合体で液状物質がゲル化されている、ゲル。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の重合体を含有する、ゲル化剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の重合体を用いて液状物質をゲル化する工程を含む、ゲルの製造方法。
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